直接引语和间接引语用法讲解

直接引语变间接引语详解

直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。

Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”（直接引语）

Mr. Black said that he was busy.（间接引语）

1.直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。

1）人称的变化

He said , “I like it very much.”

→He said that he liked it very much.

He said, “You told me this story.”

→He said that I had told him that story.

He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.

→He told me that she had left her book in my room.

直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。简称“一主二宾三不变”。2）时态的变化

a.主句的谓语动词是一般过去时

→He said that he should be doing his homework then.

He said, “We shall have finished the work by that time.”

→He said that they should have finished the work by that time.

注意：直接引语如果是客观事实、普遍真理、格言警句、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”

→The teacher said that the earth is round.

He said, “I was born in Shangdong in 1965.”

→He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965.

b.主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时

如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变

He says, “I finished the work.

He says that he finished the work.

He will say, “I have watered the flowers.”

He will say he has watered the flowers.

3) 指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化

指示代词

this---that these---those

时间状语

now---then today---that day

tonight---that night

this week/month---that week/month

yesterday---the day before

last week/month---the week/month before

two weeks/months ago---two weeks/months before tomorrow---the next day

next week/month---the next week/month

地点状语

here---there

come---go

bring---take

He said, “I met Mr. Smith this morning.”

→He said that he had met Mr. Smith that morning.

He said, “We went to the cinema yesterday.”

→He said they had gone to the cinema the day before. Lily said, “I will come back next month.”

→Lily said that she would go back the next month.

He said, “It is nine o'clock now.”

→He said that it was nine o'clock then.

He said, “I haven't seen her today.”

→He said that he hadn't seen her that day .

She said, “I went there yesterday.”

→She said that she had gone there the day before. She said, “I'll go there tomorrow.”

→She said that she would go there the next day.