2014年贸大翻硕-对外经济贸易大学MTI翻译硕士考研真题
对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题,完整版考研真题
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研招生目录，考研参考书，历年真题笔记贸大英语翻译基础书目推荐1、庄绎传，《英汉翻译简明教程》。
北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002。
2、叶子南，《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》。
北京：清华大学出版社，2001。
3、中国日报（China Daily）：英语点睛：新词新译4、王恩冕，《大学英汉翻译教程》，对外经济贸易大学出版社，第三版，2010。
5、金融时报官方网站：双语时评。
6、网站：/7、外贸、金融、经济学、世贸组织等英语专业术语。
8、张曦，《口语与口译300题》，上海交通大学出版社。
9、金焕荣，《商务英语翻译》，苏州大学出版社。
10、赵军锋，《商务英语口译》，高等教育出版社，2009.11、2015年度国家领导人出席的国际会议：演讲稿中英对照。
12、三笔、二笔相应题材的文章。
百科知识和汉语写作书目推荐1、卢晓江.《自然科学史十二讲》.中国轻工业出版社（2007）（矿大）2、叶朗.《中国文化读本》.北京：外语教学与研究出版社（2008）3、杨月蓉.《实用汉语语法与修辞》.重庆：西南师范大学出版社（1999）（北大）4、金元浦.《中国文化概论》.北京：中国人民大学出版社（2007）5、庄锡昌.《西方文化史》.北京：高等教育出版社（2011）6、林青松.《中国文学与中国文化知识应试指南》.南京：东南大学出版社（2005）7、张元忠.张东风.《经济应用文写作与评析》.武汉：华中科技大学出版社（2008）9、俞纪东.《经济写作》.上海：上海财经大学出版社10、张文.《外贸文秘写作全书》.中华工商联合出版社11、郑孝敏.《商务应用文》.东北财经大学出版社12、柯琳娟.《公司（企业）常用文书写作格式与范本》.企业管理出版社13、邵龙青.《财经应用写作》.东北财经大学出版社14、伟业管理咨询公司编著.《商务文书模板速查手册》.中国言实出版社（贸大）15、李玉珊.《商务文案写作》.高等教育出版社16、岳海翔.《商务文书写作要领与范文》.中国言实出版社17、岳海翔.《企划文书写作要领与范文》.中国言实出版社18、程裕祯.《中国文化要略》.外语教学与研究出版社19、朱维之，《外国文学史》（欧美卷），南开大学出版社。
2014年对外经济贸易大学英语学院274二外德语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2014年对外经济贸易大学英语学院274二外德语考研真题及详解I. Was ist richtig, a,b, c oder d? (请选择正确答案的字母，将答案写在答题纸上)(20分)1. - Was ist das?a) - Das Auto.b) - Ein Auto.c) - Eines Autos.d) - Die Autos.【答案】B【解析】句意：“这是什么？”回答应该是“一辆车。
”根据句意可知这里要用不定代词ein,而非定冠词das。
又因为Auto为中性，所以答案是ein Auto。
2. - Wer ist das?a) - Thomas aus Deutschland.b) - Thomas kommt aus Deutschland.c) - Thomas ist Deutscher.d) - Thomas ist aus Deutschland.【答案】A【解析】句意：“这是谁？”答案应该是“托马斯，来自德国(或：来自德国的托马斯)。
”B、C、D项是对“托马斯来自哪？”的回答。
3. - 1st das deine Zeitung?a) - Ja, das ist nicht meine Zeitung.b) - Ja, das ist meine Zeitung nicht.c) - Nein, das ist keine meine Zeitung.d) - Nein, das ist nicht meine Zeitung.【答案】D【解析】句意：“这是你的报纸吗？”否定回答应是：“不，这不是我的报纸。
”即选项D。
是固定回答。
4. - Hast du heute Unterricht?a) - Ja, einen.b) - Ja, eins.c) - Nein, keinen.d) - Nein, keins.【答案】A【解析】句意：“今天你有课吗？”答：“有，有一节课。
北京外国语大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2014年
北京外国语大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2014年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Ⅰ(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.UNDP（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：联合国开发计划(United Nations Development Program)2.OECD countries（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：经合组织国家(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries)3.bailout loans（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：救助贷款4.EBITA（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：税息折旧及摊销前利润(Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization) 5.venture capital（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：风险资本6.telepresence（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：远程监控7.carbon footprint（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：碳足迹8.forensic medicine（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：法医学9.key encryption technology（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：公钥加密技术10.United Arab Emirates（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：阿拉伯联合酋长国11.extradition treaty（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：引渡条约12.seismic monitoring（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：地震监测13.procrastination（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：拖延14.flip phone（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：翻盖手机15.Mack Daddy（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：万人迷二、Ⅱ(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.大部制（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Super-Ministry System17.石油输出国组织（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)18.生物圈（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：biosphere19.涨停板（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：pricing out of market20.浮动汇率（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：floating exchange rate21.计划免疫（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：EPI (Expanded Program on Immunization)22.学生减负（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：alleviate the burden on students23.通识教育（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：general education24.B超（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：type-B ultrasonic25.自媒体（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：We Media26.土地承载能力（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Land carrying capacity27.小产权房（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：houses with limited property rights28.土豪（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：tuhao (local tyrant)29.胶原蛋白（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：collagen protein30.经济适用男（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：budget husband三、Ⅲ(总题数：2，分数：60.00)31.Never before had the world such a tremendous scientific-technical potential, such a capacity to generate wealth and well-being. Authentic technological wonders that have made any place in the world to be always close with regard to distances and communications and have not been capable of bringing wellbeing for everybody, but only for a meager 15% living in the countries of the North. The abysm between North and South is now so huge, that the unsustainability of the current economic order and the blindness of the people who try to justify continuing to enjoy opulence and waste, are evident.The great possibilities that a globalization of solidarity and true cooperation could bring to all people in the world through the scientific-technical wonders, have been reduced by the neo-liberal model to this grotesque caricature full of exploitation and social injustice. We were asked to be ultraliberal in trade and to lift any barrier, which may obstruct the imports coming from the North, but the oral champions of free trade actually are the champions in the praxis of protectionism. The North spends 1 billion dollars a day in practicing what has been banned from doing, that is, subsidizing inefficient products. Today, vis-á-vis the obvious failure of neoliberalism and the great threat that the International Economic Order represents for the south, it is necessary to retake the Spirit of the South by forming an alliance among ourselves.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：我们的世界正在呈现前所未有的巨大科技潜力，创造出前所未有的财富和福祉。
2014年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研课件笔记
2014年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研课件笔记回顾的理论性。
总结应当忠实于自身工作实践活动，但是，总结不是工作实践活动的记录，不能完全照搬工作实践活动的全过程。
它是对工作实践活动的本质概括，要在回顾工作实践活动全过程的基础上，进行分析研究，归纳出能够反映事物本质的规律，把感性认识上升到理性认识，这正是总结的价值所在。
三、总结的分类根据内容的不同，可以把总结分为工作总结、生产总结、学习总结、教学总结、会议总结等等。
根据范围的不同，可以分为全国性总结、地区性总结、部门性总结、本单位总结、班组总结等。
根据时间的不同，可以分为月总结、季总结、年度总结、阶段性总结等。
从内容和性质的不同，可以分为全面总结和专题总结两类。
四、总结的结构、内容和写法总结一般由标题、正文和尾部三部分组成。
（一）标题。
总结的标题大体上有两类构成形式：一类是公文式标题；一类是非公文式标题。
公文式标题由单位名称、时间、事由、文种组成，如《××集团公司2000年度思想政治工作总结》、《××县2000年普法工作总结》，有的只写《工作总结》等。
非公文式标题则比较灵活，有的为双行标题，如《增强体质，全面贯彻执行教育方针——开展多种形式的体育活动》，有的为单行标题，如《推动人才交流，培植人才资源》等。
（二）正文。
总结正文的结构由前言、主体、结尾组成。
1、前言。
即正文的开头，一般简明扼要地概述基本情况，交代背景，点明主旨或说明成绩，为主体内容的展开做必要的铺垫。
例如：“群众富不富，关键在支部；干部强不强，关键在班长”。
能否选配好支部“一把手”，是加强农村基层党组织建设的核心。
在工作中，我们积极围绕支部班子建设这个重点，紧紧抓住配好支部书记这个关键，着力走好“选人”、“育人”、“用人”这三步棋，努力把工作引向深入。
2、主体。
这是总结的核心部分，其内容包括做法和体会，成绩和问题，经验和教训等。
这一部分要求在全面回顾工作情况的基础上，深刻、透彻地分析取得成绩的原因、条件、做法、以及存在问题的根源和教训，揭示工作中带有规律性的东西。
广外翻硕真题(2014 回忆版)
广外翻硕真题（2014 回忆版）一、翻译硕士英语(满分100)Part Ⅰ: 单选30个，共30分;考察词汇、语法。
(建议多读英文小说、文章等，当然也要注重积累词汇。
)Part Ⅱ: 阅读Section 1: 两篇文章，各对应5个选择题，共20分。
(第一篇文章关于airline alliance的探讨，第二篇文章关于英国面临的移民问题。
)Section 2: 两篇文章，共对应5个小简答题，共20分。
(第一篇文章关于一名美国医生杀妻案，第二篇文章关于汽车行业现今发展、受金融危机影响什么的)Part Ⅲ: 写作，30分。
今年给的话题是关于有些城市开始采取措施to curb car use，引起了不同的反响，有利有弊、有人支持有人则不然，对此谈谈你的看法。
题目自拟，400 words。
二、英语翻译基础(满分150)英汉、汉英词组互译，30分。
1，十八届三中全会2，国家民族事务委员会3，中国地震局4，主管部门5，玩忽职守6，徇私舞弊7，以……为把手8，国际会议口译员协会9，绿化覆盖面积10，行政问责制11，暂行规定12，一站式服务13，国际惯例14，得寸进尺15，《西厢记》16，National Council for US-China Trade17，Special United Nations Fund for Economic Development18，The Baltimore Sun 19，court of first instance20，underwriting contract 21，licensee of a patent22，China-EU maritime transport agreement23，venture capital 24，The Great Depression25，strategic agility 26，occupational health and safety27，low-end processing 28，information asymmetry29，diamonds cut diamonds 30，The Catcher in the Rye篇章翻译，120分。
2014年对外经济贸易大学773基础法语考研真题_真题-无答案
2014年对外经济贸易大学773基础法语考研真题(总分150,考试时间180分钟)选择题1. Chez nous, les fraises se vendent à 2 euros ________ barquette.A. chaqueB. laC. uneD. par2. Je ne vois rien de plus ________ que cette demande.A. légalB. législatifC. légitimeD. loyal3. Thérèse se sent très mal, sa mère s’inquiète ________ elle.A. pourB. àC. deD. avec4. J’ai trouvé un dictionnaire par terre, quelqu’un aurait-il perdu ________?A. le mienB. le sienC. celui-ciD. quelque chose5. L’équipe de Guangdong jouera samedi ________ celle de Beijing.A. deB. avecC. contreD. à6. Je mets beaucoup de temps préparer le repas ________ les restaurants sont fermés.A. depuis queB. dès queC. aussitôt queD. quand7. ________ elles soient, elles ne doivent pas nous ordonner.A. Qui qu’B. Quelqu’C. Quelles qu’D. Quoi qu’8. Il nous a annoncé cette nouvelle une demi-heure ________ il est parti.A. dès qu’B. après qu’C. quandD. avant qu’9. Ils sont venus ________ nous les ayons invités.A. à condition queB. non queC. sans queD. pourvu que10. Si vous aimez les peintures chinoises, venez chez moi, j’en ai plusieurs et je vous les montrerai ________.A. toutesB. tousC. chaqueD. chacun11. Ces ré**mencent, je ________ vois, à l’énerver.A. meB. lesC. enD. le12. ________ de vous deux va prendre la parole?A. ChacunB. LequelC. AucunD. Qui13. Pour un musicien, chaque piano possède son ________.A. individuelB. individualismeC. individuD. individualité14. ________ de l’avancement de l’heure, elle s’inquiétait davantage.A. A la mesureB. Dans la mesureC. A mesureD. En mesure15. Son discours renferme une nouvelle ________ des principes qui l’ont guidé.A. confirmationB. affirmationC. certificationD. assurance16. Le ________ à la corde est une activité sportive préférée des étudiants chinois.A. tirageB. tiréC. tirD. tire17. Il était le seul ________ se plaindre dans le groupe.A. pourB. deC. àD. sans18. Lui, il a un sens de ________ très fort.A. foyerB. maisonC. familleD. domicile19. L’imperfection de ________ dans ce domaine nous entrave dans la lutte contre la corruption.A. le droitB. la législationC. la loiD. le code20. Assez de bêtises, passons aux affaires ________!A. sévèresB. sérieusesC. gravesD. formelles填空题quotidien; ça ne sert à rien; entrer; modeste; routinier; pénétrer; entrer en compétition; simple; entrer en conflit; cela a été inutile1. On annonça la construction de l’autoroute qui n’allait rien apporter aux villages qu’elle traversait. Ceux-ci ________ avec l’administration concernant le prix de la terre.2. Isolé dans ce petit villa depuis des années, il ne pouvait plus supporter la vie ________ de ses camarades de travail.3. Je dois obéir au règlement, je ne suis qu’un ________ employé. Adressez-vous au commissaire.4. Le directeur me fit ________ dans son bureau et me demanda de m’asseoir.5. Madame Sulerot a montré sa carte d’identité, ________, l’employé de la poste a refusé de lui donner son mandat.6. Ceux qui apprennent le français doivent étudier en même temps la vie ________.7. Un jour que le directeur était absent, je ________ par la porte entrouverte dans son bureau mystérieux.8. Comment? Un ________ employé ose me faire des remarques. Il va voir qui je suis!9. La barrière est trop pourrie. Je l’ai repeinte mais ________. Elle ne tient plus.10. Comme tous les ans à la même époque, les deux villages ________ pour savoir qui finirait le premier les moissons.改错题11. Il m’a montré ce qu’il avait acheté la veille.12. Le héros de ce film est un homme qui change souvent d’amour.13. La police interrogea les passants qui avaient vu l’accident.14. Mon père était un homme qui parlait peu.15. J’ai trouvé un sac dans le métro et j’ai examiné ce qu’il contenait.16. Précisez ce qu’a voulu dire l’auteur dans ce passage.17. Expliquez ce que veut dire ce texte.18. C’est une phrase qui permet deux interprétations.19. Jugeons les gens d’après ce qu’ils font plutôt que d’après ce qu’ils disent.20. Les accidents qui se sont produits auparavant sont tous dûs à l’imprudence dans la manipulation.填空题21. V ous a-t-il présenté l’écrivain avec ________il a fait un voyage l’année dernière?22. V oici dix revues ________ cinq en anglais.23. Il y a 17 filles dans notre classe, elles sont ________ gentilles et agréables.24. Il veut des gants. Le vendeur ________ ________montre deux paires.25. Lors de la Tour de France, ________ qui court le plus vite porte le maillot jaune.26. Les fenêtres de notre chambre donnent sur le sud, ________ de Jacques donnent sur le nord.27. ________ d’entre vous ne m’a répondu.28. Je trouve très délicates les questions ________ nous ont été posées .29. Nous avons visité des musées, ________ trois étaient construits avant les années 50.完形填空J’étais bien décidé à avoir une explication avec le patron de l’hôtel afin de **ment, en deux jours, dans un petit hôtel de province, nous (pouvoir) 【A1】________, à deux, dépenser plus de 500 euros.« Pardon, Monsieur,(commencer) 【A2】________- je, vous nous (compter) 【A3】________ quatre jours de présence en votre établissement, alors que nous (n’y demeurer même pas) 【A4】________ trois jours, puisque, (arriver) 【A5】________ lundi soir à l’heure du coucher, nous (partir) 【A6】________ aujourd’hui jeudi dès ce matin.—Lundi, mardi, mercredi et jeudi, cela (faire) 【A7】________ quatre jours, (répondre) 【A8】________ le patron.—Vous (ne pas avoir) 【A9】________ pourtant l’intention de **pter la journée de lundi, où nous (passer) 【A10】________ vingt minutes chez vous, ni celle d’aujourd’hui, jeudi, que nous (commencer) 【A11】________ à peine.—Ce (être) 【A12】________ une habitude de la maison, Monsieur, toute journée (commencer) 【A13】________ (compter) 【A14】________ intégralement…Stupéfait, je (ne pas savoir) 【A15】________ quoi rétorquer.30. 【A1】31. 【A2】32. 【A3】33. 【A4】34. 【A5】35. 【A6】36. 【A7】37. 【A8】38. 【A9】39. 【A10】40. 【A11】41. 【A12】42. 【A13】43. 【A14】44. 【A15】改错题45. Il paraissait courtois. Il n’avait pas de mots assez durs pour critiquer ses semblables.46. L’un des protagonistes s’est désisté: le débat n’a pas pu avoir lieu.47. Elle a commis de nombreuses erreurs; sa réputation n’en a pas souffert.48. Le président de la République a dissous l’Assemblée nationale: rien ne l’avait laissé prévoir.49. Les styles de Manet et de Monet sont très différents. On confond parfois ces deux peintres à cause de leur nom.50. N’achetez pas ce guide de Paris: il ferait double emploi avec le vôtre.51. Range tes affaires, et tu pourras jouer après.52. Beaucoup de monuments sont menacés par la pollution. On remplace souvent les statues par des copies.53. L’accès à la bibliothèque municipale a été modifiée. On veut que les handicapés puissent y accéder facilement.54. Nous nous sommes croisés dans le même couloir, mais il ne m’a pas vu.阅读理解Texte 1La généralisation de l’affichage environnemental pour orienter les consommateurs vers les produits les moins nocifs pour la planète, testé pendant un an en 2011-12, est "inenvisageable" à court terme pour des raisons de méthodologie et de coûts, ont estimé mercredi des députés. Présenté en commission du Développement durable de l’Assemblée nationale, un rapport parlementaire va dans le même sens que le rapport du gouvernement sur le sujet qui, lundi, a estimé qu’un tel étiquetage vert ne peut être mis en place avant la mi2016 "au mieux"."Unegénéralisation de l’affichage environnemental se heurte à des obstacles majeurs à court terme", a estimé mercredi la députée (PS) de Loire-Atlantique Sophie Errante, corapporteur. Le bilan de l’expérimentation menée par 168 entreprises volontaires entre juillet 2011 et juillet 2012 est "mitigé", a ajouté le co-rapporteur, le député (UMP) de Haute-Savoie Martial Saddier.Les entreprises volontaires ont testé, sur des milliers de produits allant de l’habillement à l’agroalimentaire, une approche multicritères (incluant les émissions de CO2 et au moins un autre critère tel que l’impact sur la qualité de l’eau ou de l’air, la production de déchets, etc.) sous différentes formes (une note, des couleurs, des échelles, etc.) et sur différents supports (emballage, en rayons, Internet...). Plusieurs exemples sont consultables sur le site du ministère de l’Écologie. "La fiabilité et la crédibilité des informations délivrées (...) sont essentielles à la réussite de la généralisation, les consommateurs ne doivent pas douter de la sincérité des informations, or les conditions ne sont pas actuellement réunies pour délivrer un affichage sincère, objectif et complet, comme prévu" dans les lois de mises en oeuvre du Grenelle de l’environnement, a expliqué Sophie Direction générale de la concurrence, de la consommation et de la répression des fraudes (DGCCRF)" n’a pas les moyens humains et techniques pour effectuer les contrôles sur tous les produits fabriqués en France et encore moins sur les produits importés", a relevé la députée de Loire-Atlantique. Les députés mettent aussi en avant dans leur rapport les coûts “non négligeables” qu’aurait une telle généralisation pour les petites et moyennes entreprises, tout en plaidant pour une poursuite de l’expérimentation "sur la base du volontariat".Par ailleurs, comme dans le rapport gouvernemental présenté lundi, les députés insistent sur le fait que la généralisation de l’affichage vert doit se faire "uniquement dans un **munautaire" pour éviter les "distorsions de concurrence", Bruxelles ayant lancé en avril sa propre expérimentation. Il faudra donc attendre une harmonisation entre les États membres pour que les consommateurs voient enfin dans leurs supermarchés le "coût environnemental" de ce qu’ils achètent.Questions：55. Choisissez le meilleur titre pour ce texte:A. La généralisation immédiate de l’étiquettes vertes.B. L’affichage environnemental: les consommateurs devront encore attendre.C. La mise en place bientôt de l’étiquetage vert en 2016.D. L’affichage vert: risque de distorsions de concurrence.56. Que signifie « mitigé » dans le texte?A. De **plexesB. Composé d’éléments contradictoiresC. AtténuéD. Qui déçoit57. « Dans un **munautaire » veut dire:A. Dans toute la FranceB. Dans une région du même niveau de développementC. Dans **muneD. En Europe58. « harmonisation » signifie dans le texte:A. Une bonne entente entre les pays membres.B. Une discussion concrèteC. Une mise en conformité des règlementationsD. Une généralisation de connaissances59. D’après le texte, quelle est la raison principale qui empêche la généralisation de l’étiquetage vert?A. La conscience peu sensible du public françaisB. Les entreprises françaises ne sont pas intéressées.C. Les consommateurs ont encore des doutes sur les étiquettes vertes.D. L’administration pas suffisamment de moyens pour appliquer ce système.D’après le texte, l’économie française enregistrerait pour l’année 2013:Texte 2Faillites, activité en recul: de mauvais signaux pour l’économie française ont fait surface jeudi, laissant planer un doute sur le léger sursaut de la croissance au dernier trimestre escompté par le gouvernement. Alors que l’assureur-crédit Coface annonçait un niveau “historiquement élevé” de défaillances d’entreprises en 2013 en France, en particulier dans la construction, l’indice **posite de l’activité du secteur privé affichait un recul au mois de novembre.Si les deux informations recouvrent des réalités différentes, notamment temporelles, elles restent de mauvais augure pour le gouvernement **pte sur un nouveau sursaut (+ 0,4 %) de l’activité au dernier trimestre 2013 pour que l’année se solde par une croissance positive, même très légèrement (+ 0,1 %), sur douze mois. Le recul de l’activité tant dans les services que dans l’industrie manufacturière en novembre "illustre la fragilité de l’économie française dans un contexte de faiblesse persistante de la demande", a estimé dans un communiqué Jack Kennedy, économiste chez Markit qui publie l’indice PMI, un indicateur considéré comme fiable par les économistes. Cet indicateur phare a en effet rechuté sous la barre des 50 points, qui délimite les périodes d’expansion ou de contraction. Tombé à 48,5 points en novembre contre 50,5 en octobre, il s’est contracté pour la première fois depuis trois mois.Dans le détail, tous les secteurs sont concernés: les services s’établissent à 48,8 points, contre 50,9 le mois précédent, et l’industrie se replie à 47,8, contre 49,1 en octobre. La production manufacturière a de son côté chuté à 47,2 contre 49 le mois précédent. "En zone euro, le secteur manufacturier était déjà dans la zone d’expansion de l’activité et conforte cette expansion, quand la France était toujours en phase de contraction de l’activité et tend à s’enfoncer", analyse Jean-Christophe Caffet, économiste chez Natixis."La France est en train, d’un point de vue strictementconjoncturel, de perdre du terrain, de se faire distancier dans ce que d’aucuns qualifient de reprise économique mondiale: et ça, ce n’est vraiment pas bon signe", poursuit-il. De fait, Jack Kennedy pronostique "après la baisse du PIB de 0,1 % au troisième trimestre un risque de retour à la récession au quatrième trimestre 2013". Dans ce contexte, la prévision de la Coface de 62 500 défaillances d’entreprises en 2013, contre 60 500 en 2012, tombe mai. Elle est d’autant plus inquiétante que l’assureur-crédit annonce déjà au mieux une stabilisation des faillites l’année prochaine, à 62 000, un niveau qu’il juge toujours "très élevé", alors que le gouvernement table sur le début d’une vraie reprise économique en 2014 (1 % de croissance annuelle).Questions：60. Choisissez le meilleur titre pour ce texte:A. Mauvais augure pour l’économie française.B. Léger sursaut de l’économie françaiseC. Recul inquiétant de l’économie française au dernier trimestreD. Record historique de défaillances d’entreprises en France61. Parmi les affirmations suivantes, laquelle est vraie d’après le texte?A. L’économie française va se plonger dans une longue récession.B. On constate plus de défaillances de PMI que celles de grandes entreprises.C. Tous les secteurs de l’économie n’ont pas connu une contraction réelle.D. Le gouvernement français a prévu une légère croissance pour l’année 2013.62. Le mot « phare » veut dire dans le texte:A. qui est importantB. qui prédomineC. qui permet de prévoirD. qui est clair63. L’expression « tabler sur » signifie:A. douter deB. fonder ses calculs surC. écarter catégoriquementD. souhaiter sa réalisation64. D’après le texte, l’économie française enregistrerait pour l’année 2013:A. Une vrai reprise économiqueB. Une légère croissanceC. Un petit recul d’activitésD. Une récession graveThème65. 全面深化改革，必须立足于我国长期处于社会主义初级阶段这个最大实际，坚持发展仍是解决我国所有问题的关键这个重大战略判断，以经济建设为中心，发挥经济体制改革牵引作用，推动生产关系同生产力、上层建筑同经济基础相适应，推动经济社会持续健康发展。
对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题
全国8大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题（含解析）笔记·专业课押题卷对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士英语笔译考研资料-考研考博一．对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研内容分析专业招生人数初试复试英语笔译年份统考推免政治100分翻译硕士英语100分英语翻译基础150分汉语写作与百科知识150分笔试：40分钟，100分面试：100分笔试占复试成绩的50%，面试占50%201542102016339英语口译2015912020165724二．育明考研考博辅导中心孙老师解析：关于对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士2016年的招生信息最新总结：1,对外经济贸易大学近两年的复试分数线比较高，15年389分,16年388分。
这样的高分给很多同学无形中一个压力，导致很多学生不敢报考。
孙老师建议大家不要只看分数线，还要了解出题趋势和难度，大家都知道贸大很偏重经贸类的，所以复习起来还是很有方向的，这两年的题难度不大，也是高分的原因，17年的考生在报考事一点要根据自己的强狂选择。
2，从招生人数看贸大16年有很大的变化的，笔译招生40人没有变化，口译少了一个国际商务谈判方向，招生人数由80人减少55人。
增加了在职商务口笔译，招生人数30人。
实际上16年在职录取了7全国8大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题（含解析）笔记·专业课押题卷人。
育明教育考博分校针对对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士专业考研开设的辅导课程有：专业课一对一·全程集训营·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
2014川外翻硕考研真题
爱考机构中国高端(保过保录限)考研第一品牌2014川外翻硕考研真题
翻译硕士英语：和2013年题型和分值一致。
10个正确形式填空。
20个词汇选择。
3篇阅读，题型仍是雅思。
作文考查的是：Should people retire later?400字。
翻译基础：
十八届三中全会航空识别区域工作风格中国梦成品油定价机制韩国泡菜克强经济学世界翻译日主题
上海自由贸易区网络推手民族复兴司法公信力重庆东站（火车站）轮值主席（国）个人财产申报
ILO IAEA ICN CYO
irrigation and drainage
civil law mass transit wage theory mock epic have kissed the Blarney stone
high seas counterespionage higher down payment fat chance polar front
今年的翻译较2013年简单，类似三笔考试。
英译汉：希腊两座城市：雅典和斯巴达的对比。
汉译英：青岛的发展。
是一段工作报告。
百科：
25道选择题有10道来自《汉语通识教程》，剩余均是《中国文化概论》和《中国文学史》。
不过相较以往，百科选题上更为精细，这几本书需要反复来回看，注意边角料的内容。
应用文：联系函和接收函。
一共两篇，共450字。
材料作文：紧跟2013年后半年大事件，两份材料选一个：雾霾与恒大夺冠。
800字。
对外经贸大学翻译硕士英语笔译考研真题
育明教育孙老师整理，来育明教育赠送资料，更多真题可咨询孙老师。
对外经济贸易大学2011年翻译硕士(MTI)真题翻译硕士英语Part1:Vocabulary and Grammar.（30P）01.The Space Age____in October1957when the first artificialsatellite was launched by the Soviet Union.A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedmenced02.John said that he didn’t quite____and asked me to repeat whatI had said.A.snatch upB.summon upC.catch onD.watch out03.When he tried to make a____,he found that the hotel that he wantedwas completely filled because of a convention.plaintB.claimC.reservationD.decision04.A budget of five dollars a day is totally____for a trip roundEurope.A.inadequateB.incapableC.incompatibleD.invalid05.In our highly technological society,the number of jobs for unskilledworkers is____.A.shrinkingB.obscuringC.alteringD.constraining06.The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be___by thisdevice.A.ignitedB.lightedC.firedD.inspired07.I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time____the last bus.A.to have caughtB.to catchC.catchingD.havingcaught08.Frankly speaking,your article is very good except for some____mistakes in grammar.A.obscureB.glaringC.trivialD.rare09.As it turned out to be a small house party,we____so formally.A.needn’t dress upB.did not need have dressed upC.did not need dress upD.needn’t have dressed up10.Certain species disappeared or became____as new forms arose that were better adapted to the Earth’s changing environment.A.feebleB.extinctC.massiveD.extinguished11.I apologize if I____you,but I assure you it was unintentional.A.offendB.had offendedC.should have offendedD. might have offended12.Franklin D.Roosevelt argued that the depression stemmed from the American economy’s____flaws.A.underliningB.vulnerableC.vulgarD. underlying13.Although a teenager,Fred could resist____what to do and what not to do.A.to be toldB.having been toldC.being toldD.to have been told14.I am afraid that you have to alter your____views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived.A.indifferentB.distressingC.optimisticD. pessimistic15.Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage____avoided.A.is to beB.can beC.will beD.has been16.Stop shouting!I can’t hear the football____.A.judgmentB.interpretationmentaryD. explanation17.Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores,and this is especially true____it comes to classroom tests.A.beforeB.asC.sinceD.when18.Every member of society has to make a____to struggle for the freedom of the country.A.pledgeB.warrantyC.resolveD.guarantee19.David tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much____to those who compete well.A.prestigeB.regimeC.superiorityD.legislation20.The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens,set to____when itarrived in New York.A.go offB.get offe offD.carry off21.The younger person’s attraction to stereos cannot be explained only____familiarity with technology.A.in quest ofB.by means ofC.in terms ofD.by virtue of22.By signing the lease we made a___to pay a rent of$150a week.A.conceptionmissionmitmentD. confinementPart2:Identify Stylistic Problems.（18P）01.By the time Julia Roberts was23,she had won two academy award nominations,she had also become the world’s most popular female actress.A.run onma spliceC.correctD.fragment02.Since then,Roberts has appeared in fourteen films.Most recently,“My Best Friend’s Wedding”and“The Conspiracy Theory.”A.fragmentB.choppyC.correctma splice03.She didn’t plan to become an actress.She wanted to be six feet tall.She wanted to be a veterinarian.She wanted to be happy and make others happy.A.fragmentma spliceC.choppyD.correct04.Although Julia Roberts has had much professional success.In spite of her trouble with several failed relationships.A.fragmentB.choppyma spliceD.correct05.Julia Roberts lives in Manhattan,not far from the apartment she once shared with her sister in Greenwich Village.A.fragmentma spliceC.correctD.run on06.She came to New York when she was seventeen.Because her older sister lived there and she was influenced by her sister.A.fragmentB.run onC.choppyma splice07.Roberts was raised in Georgia.Her parents ran a theater school there. Her sister and brother are also actors.The family was always short of money.A.fragmentB.choppyC.correctD.run on08.When Julia was four years old,her parents divorced.After eighteen years of marriage.A.fragmentB.run onC.choppyD.correctPart3:Reading Comprehension（30P）Passage AMany United States companies have,unfortunately,made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work.Since 1980the United States International Trade Commission（ITC）has received about280complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies by foreign governments.Another340charge that foreign companies“dumped”their products in the United States at“less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices are alleged,the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief.Contrary to the general impression,this quest for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped.As corporations begin to function globally,they develop an intricate web of marketing,production,and research relationships.The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect.Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States.If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States Company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States Company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States,since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most brazen case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt,used to device roads.The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations.The“United States”company claiming injury was a subsidiary of a Dutch conglomerate,while the“Canadian”companies included a subsidiary of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.01.The passage is chiefly concerned with______.A.arguing against the increased internationalization of United States corporationsB.warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequencesC.demonstrating that foreign-based firms receive more subsidies from their governments than United States firms receive from the United States governmentD.advocating the use of trade restrictions for“dumped”products but not for other imports02.It can be inferred from the passage that the minimal basis for a complaint to the International Trade Commission is which of the following?A.A foreign competitor has received a subsidy from a foreign government.B.A foreign competitor has substantially increased the volume of products shipped to the United States.C.A foreign competitor is selling products in the United States at less than fair market value.D.The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the United States.03.The last paragraph performs which of the following functions in the passage?A.It summarizes the discussion thus far and suggests additional areas of research.B.It presents a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C.It cites a specific ease that illustrates a problem presented more generally in the previous paragraph.D.It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.04.The passage warns of which of the following dangers?panies in the United States may receive no protection from imports unless they actively seek protection from import competition.panies that seek legal protection from import competition may incur legal costs that far exceed any possible gain.panies that are United States owned but operate internationally may not be eligible for protection from import competition under the laws of the countries in which their plants operate.panies that are not United States owned may seek legal protection from import competition under United States import relief laws.05.According to the passage,the International Trade Commission isinvolved in which of the following?A.Investigating allegations of unfair import competitionB.Granting subsidies to eompanies in the United States that have been injured by import competitionC.Recommending legislation to ensure fair tradeD.Identifying international corporations that wish to build plants in the United StatesPassage BSince the late1970s,in the face Of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries,manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve productivity—and therefore enhance their international competitiveness—through cost-cutting programs.（Cost-cutting here is defined as raising labor output while holding the amount of labor constant.）However,from1978through1982,productivity—the value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor input—did not improve;and while the results were better in the business upturn of the three years following,they ran25percent lower than productivity improvements during earlier,post-1945upturns.At the same time,it became clear that the harder manufactures worked to implement cost-cutting,the more they lost their competitive edge.With this paradox in mind,I recently visited25companies;it became clear to me that the cost-cutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawed.Manufacturing regularly observes a“40,40, 20”rule.Roughly4o percent of any manufacturing-based competitive advantage derives from long-term changes in manufacturing structure （decisions about the number,size,location,and capacity of facilities）and in approaches to materials.Another40percent comes from major changes in equipment and process technology.The final20percent rests on implementing conventional cost-cutting.This rule does not imply that cost-cutting should not be tried.The well-known tools of this approach—including simplifying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter,not harder—do produce results.But the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contribute.Another problem is that the cost-cutting approach hinders innovation and discourages creative people.As Abernathy’s study of automobile manufacturers has shown,an industry can easily become prisoner of itsown investments in cost-cutting techniques,reducing its ability to develop new products.And managers under pressure to maximizecost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured.Production managers have always seen their job as one of minimizing costs and maximizing output.This dimension of performance has until recently sufficed as a basis of evaluation,but it has created a penny-pinching,mechanistic culture in most factories that has kept away creative managers.Every company I know that has freed itself from the paradox has done so,in part,by developing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy focuses on the manufacturing structure and on equipment and process technology.In one company a manufacturing strategy that allowed different areas of the factory to specialize in different markets replaced the conventional cost-cutting approach; within three years the company regained its competitive advantage. Together with such strategies,successful companies are also encouraging managers to focus on a wider set of objectives besides cutting costs.There is hope for manufacturing,but it clearly rests on a different way of managing.01The author of the passage is primarily concerned with______.A.summarizing a thesisB.recommending a different approachparing points of viewD.making a series of predictions02It can be inferred from the passage that the manufacturers mentioned in paragraph1expected that the measures they implemented would______.A.encourage innovationB.keep labor output constantC.increase their competitive advantageD.permit business upturns to be more easily predicted03.The primary function of the first paragraph of the passage is to ______.A.present a historical context for the author’s observationsB.anticipate challenges to the prescriptions that followC.clarify some disputed definitions of economic termsD.summarize a number of long-accepted explanations04.The author refers to Ahernathy’s study most probably in order to ______.A.qualify an observation about one rule governing manufacturingB.address possible objections to a recommendation about improving manufacturing competitivenessC.support an earlier assertion about method of increasing productivityD.suggest the centrality in the Unit States economy of a particular manufacturing industry05.The author’s attitude toward the culture in most factories is best described as______.A.cautiousB.criticalC.disinterestedD. respectfulPassage CIt can be argued that much consumer dissatisfaction with marketing strategies arises from an inability to aim advertising at only the likely buyers of a given product.There are threegroups of consumers who are affected by the marketing process.First, there is the market segment—people who need the commodity in question. Second,there is the program target—people in the market segment with the“best fit”characteristics for a specific product.Lots of people—may need trousers,but only a few qualify as likely buyers of very expensive designer trousers.Finally,there is the program audience—all people who are actually exposedto the marketing program without regard to whether they need or want the product.These three groups are rarely identical.An exception occurs in cases where customers for a particular industrial product may be few and easily identifiable.Such customers,allsharing a particular need,are likely to form a meaningful target,for example,all companies with a particular application of the product in question,such as high-speed fillers ofbottles at breweries.In such circumstances,direct selling（marketing that reaches only the program target）is likely to be economically justified,and highly specialized trade media existto expose members of the program target—and only members of the program target—to the marketing program.Most consumer-goods markets are significantly different.Typically, there are many rather than few potential customers.Each represents a relatively small percentage of potential sales.Rarely do members of a particular market segment group themselves neatly into a meaningful program target.There are substantial differences among consumers with similar demographic characteristics.Even with all the past decade’s advances in information technology, direct selling of consumer goods is rare,and mass marketing—-a marketing approach that aims at a wide audience-remains the only economically feasible mode.Unfortunately,there are few media that allow the marketer to direct a marketing program exclusively to the program target.Inevitably,people get exposed to a great deal of marketing for products in which they have no interest and so they become annoyed.01.The passage suggests which of the following about highly specialized trade media?A.They should be used only when direct selling is not economically feasible.B.They can be used to exclude from the program audience people who are not part of the program target.C.They are used only for very expensive products.D.They are rarely used in the implementation of marketing programs for industrial products.02.The passage suggests which of the following about direct selling?A.It is used in the marketing of most industrial products.B.It is often used in cases where there is a large program target.C.It is not economically feasible for most marketing programs.D.It is used only for products for which there are many potential customers.03.The author mentions“trousers”in paragraph1most likely in order to______.A.make a comparison between the program target and the program audienceB.emphasize the similarities between the market segment and the program targetC.provide an example of the way three groups of consumers are affected by a marketing programD.clarify the distinction between the market segment and the program target04.“the product in question”in Line5,Paragraph2means______.A.“the product in the previous question”B.“the product under discussion”C.“the product on sale”D.“the product in doubt”05.It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true for most consumer-goods markets?A.The program target and the program audience are not usually identical.B.The program audience and the market segment are usually identical.C.The market segment and the program target are usually identical.D.The program target is larger than the market segment.Cloze TestMost economists in the United States seem captivated by the spell of the free market.__16__.A price that is determined by the seller or, for that matter,established by anyone other than the aggregate of consumers seems pernicious.__17__.In fact,price-fixing is normal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides,as an effortless consequence of its own development,the price-fixing that it requires.Modern industrial planning requires and rewards great size.Hence,a comparatively small number of large firms will be competing for the same group of consumers.That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-market economic theories.__18__.Each large firm will thus avoid significant price-cutting,because price-cutting would be prejudicial to the common interest in a stable demand for products. Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect it to be brought about by a number of explicit agreements among large firms;it is not.Moreover,those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most efficient method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of non-socialist countries other than the United states.These economies employ intentional price-fixing,usually in an overt fashion.Formalprice-fixing by cartel and informal price-fixing by agreements coveringthe members of an industry are common-place.__19__,the countries that have avoided the first and used the second would have suffereddrastically in their economic development.There is no indication that they have.Socialist industry also works within a framework of controlled prices.In the early1970’s,the Soviet Union began to give firms and industries some of the flexibility in adjusting prices that a more informalevolution has accorded the capitalist system.__20__;rather,Soviet firms have been given the power to fix prices.A.But each large firm will also act with full consideration of the needsthat it has in common with the other large firms competing for the same customersB.Consequently,nothing seems good or normal that does not accord withthe requirements of the free marketC.Economists in the United States have hailed the change as a returnto the free market.But Soviet firms are no more subject to pricesestablished by a free market over which they exercise little influence than are capitalist firmsD.Accordingly,it requires a major act of will to think of price-fixing（the determination of prices by the seller）as both“normal”and having a valuable economic functionE.Were there something peculiarly efficient about the free market andinefficient about price-fixing-o.Part4:Writing.（30P）Write an English essay of250-300words describing Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs and analyze this model with ONE example.Your writing will be assessed for language,format,structure and content.育明教育考研专业课第一品牌，考研信息可咨询育明教育官网育明教育孙老师解读：翻译硕士报考院校选择遵循原则随着现阶段的专业硕士越来越受欢迎，以及就业趋势的引导，翻译专业硕士愈加受欢迎。
对外经济贸易大学211翻译硕士英语2010-2015年考研真题
对外经济贸易大学2015年翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试初试试题考试科目：211翻译硕士英语Part I Vocabulary and Grammar(30%)Section One:Choose from A,B,C or D the one that best complete the sentence,and mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET(20points,1 point each)1.()the delay on the part of the suppliers,we must ask you to extend the date of shipment from July11th to August12th.A.Owing toB.According toC.In order toD.So as to2.The buyer made a bid()$600per ton for peanut meat.A.inB.atC.forD.With3.So far we()business relations with the firms in more than one hundred countries in the world.A.are establishedB.have establishedC.had establishedD.shall establish4.()the goods under Contract No.1986are ready for shipment, please rush your L/C with the least possible delay.A.IfB.UnlessC.AlthoughD.As5.Under separate cover,we have already sent you samples of() sizes of shoes.A.varyingB.variousC.variableD.Variant6.We shall be glad to send you the necessary information about our machine tools on().A.replyB.orderC.requestD.Call7.We wish to()that this is the best price we can quote,and therefore any counteroffer from you cannot be considered.A.point atB.point toC.point ofD.point out8.We find your price is rather on the high side.We wonder()you can do better in the near future.A.ifB.whyC.whatD.As9.All the cases are strongly packed____compliance_____your request.()A.for...withB.in...withC.for...inD.In...for10.Please()that the letters of credit are established with the least possible delay.A.see to themB.see themC.see itD.See11.Can you offer us machine tools with the following().rmationsB.messagesC.specificationsD.Arrangements12.The analysis of the first shipment is not()certified by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau.A.satisfyB.satisfiedC.satisfactionD.Satisfactorily13.It is in pushing the sale of Chinese toys in your country()we assure you of our cooperation.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.Where14.It is necessary for you to()our shipment instructions.ply withB.consist ofC.insist onD.persist in15.Because there is no direct steamer from here to your port,we suggest that you accept()at Hong Kong.A.transportationB.transshipmentC.transformationD.Transmission16.Samples and quotations_____favourable prices will be immediately sent to you_____receipt of your specific enquiry.()A.at…atB.upon…uponC.at…uponD.upon…at17.We are glad that in the past few years,we,by joint efforts,() both business and friendship.A.have greatly promotedB.have greatly been promotedC.had greatly promotedD.had greatly been promoted18.We regret()that your price for iron nails is out of line with the market here.A.to sayB.sayingC.saidD.to be said19.()is hoped that you would do your utmost to effect punctual shipment.A.ThisB.ThatC.OneD.It20.The firm is well connected with the manufacturers of lathes and, (),is able to supply various kinds of lathes.A.howeverB.thoughC.thusD.therewithSection Two Identify Stylistic Problems(10points,1point each)Identify the stylistic problem with each of the following sentences by choosing A,B,C,D.Write your correct sentence on the ANSWER SHEET. Part II Reading Comprehension(40%,2points each)Read the following passage and answer the questions by choosing A,B, C,D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage1Google:soul searchingSearch is losing market share in digital advertising There comes a time when all monopolies falter.Think of telecoms operators or utilities,for example.For Google,too,its near-monopoly on search ads will someday end.The company is nowhere near this point yet, of course.But recently there have been signs that Google is no longer quite as untouchable as it once was.Start with online ads.The market for digital advertising has weakened recently.According to IAB,US digital ad spend grew14per cent in the second quarter.Not bad.But that was the lowest rate of growth in two years.More concerning still for Google is that search ads’share of the digital advertising pie has been shrinking since2011.Google is still outgrowing the market–revenues from its own sites, including YouTube,grew20per cent in the most recent quarter.But the move away from search is starting to hurt:Bernstein estimates that Google search revenue growth slowed to17per cent.Google’s fastest-growing source of revenue has become its lower-margin“other”category,which includes sales from Google Play and is growing at50per cent a year.As ad dollars move away from search,Google has been losing share of the overall online advertising market to Facebook.In the US, eMarketer expects Google’s share of digital ads to fall from40per cent (2013),to38per cent(2014),to34per cent(2016).Facebook’s market share is expected to climb from8per cent to11per cent in the same period.Part of the problem is that search ads do not seem to be quite as successful on mobile(the fastest-growing part of digital ad spend)as on desktop.People do use search on phones–search is about half of mobile ad spending.But these ads appear to have less impact than targeted social media ads,and could fall off quickly as more effective forms of mobile advertising are found.Facebook,which has a higher ad market share on mobile than on desktop,has seen its click-through rate triple over the past year,according to Nanigans.Unfortunately for Google,mobile advertising is getting increasingly crowded.Snapchat,a popular photo-sharing app,is launching ads.And Yahoo is trying to boost its mobile ad offering with its acquisition of Flurry.The search business naturally tends towards monopoly.But the advertising business,ex-search,does not.1.What dose the word"shrink"mean?A.ThriveB.StableC.Expandpress2.Why dose the author mention IAB in the second paragraph?A.To explain why the digital advertising market has weakened recently.B.To support the viewpoint that digital advertising market has weakened.C.To argue the point that digital advertising market has weakened recently.3.According to this article,which company might NOT be the competitor of mobile advertising for Google?A.FacebookB.YahooC.SnapchatD.MicrosoftPassage2India/Brazil:A tale of two subsidies“The value of Petrobras . . . is a growing value.Everyone who has invested in Petrobras will make lots of money.”President Dilma Rousseff of Brazil was in rousing form when defending the country’s state-owned oil company in an election debate on Sunday.She once chaired its board.But the good news was slightly marred by Ms Rousseff’s admission that some may have made their Petrobras money by siphoning it off the company directly.And if this did not make Petrobras’minority shareholders feel glum about destruction of value,they could also have looked at India this weekend for a contrast.At the stroke of midnight Delhi time on Saturday, the market took over setting diesel prices after the government ended subsidies.These were a burden on the state and made profits less predictable at refiners(many themselves state-owned).Petrobras’R$225bn(or$102bn)market value dwarfs any of these companies–even India's state owned ONGC,which like Petrobras is both a producer and a refiner.But the Brazilian government requires Petrobras to apply its own fuel subsidies.Prices are kept under control to stop inflation rising further.Between2011–a year after a$70bn equity offering to foreign investors–and2013,Petrobras’net income was R$78bn overall.But its refining division,partly because of the subsidies, posted net losses of R$51bn.And this year the Brazilian real’s weakening against the US dollar may make importing fuel dearer.The Indian government has been canny.It picked the fall in oil prices to deregulate.The first breath of market forces was thus a Rs3.4 price cut per litre.The drop in crude prices is the equivalent of Rs5, HSBC thinks,so refiners could either pass more on to consumers or increase margins.Such opportunities do not often present themselves. The case for reforming Petrobras’pricing must get through an election first.It trades8times forecast2015earnings.To quote Ms Rousseff,thereis muito dinheiro(a lot of money)at stake.1.What is the Lex's stand on fuel subsidies?A.ForB.AgainstC.Not clear2.Indian government ended what exactly?A.All kinds of fiscal subsidies.B.State ownership of oil companies.C.Subsidies on diesel.3.Petrobras has a2013profit of Real78bn,a market value of225bn, which is8times forcast2015earnings.Is the company's profits going up or down?A.Going up.B.Going down.C.More or less the same.Passage3US loans:growing broodBanks are lending more–putting regulators on edge If the economy is a family,equity represents the grown ups,debt the children.Kids are great–new life and all that.They grow naughty, though,when too many are underfoot.The US has grown fecund.Are congratulations in order?Or is it off to the orphanage again,to dump the worst of the ankle-biters for restructuring?Rates remain very low,and net interest margins remain slim.Banks are responding by lending more.In October,loans to customers stood at $7tn,according to the St Louis Federal Reserve,about a10th higher than in2008,before Lehman Brothers went bust.With the US economy growing robustly(by global standards),more businesses feel confident about mercial and industrial loans issued by banks have grown nearly50per cent since the post-crisis lows of late2010. Commercial real estate(CRE)loans are growing at a particularly fast pace as banks back new development projects.In the last quarter JPMorgan’s CRE loan portfolio grew13per cent from a year earlier.The figures at Wells Fargo,Citigroup and Bank of America are also rising, albeit more modestly.Banks have eased credit conditions for large companies in19out of the past20quarters,according to Credit Suisse.A US Federal Reservesurvey shows that10.5per cent of US banks have lowered their standards (giving loans to companies with lower credit scores)for big and midsized groups.Meanwhile,risky leveraged lending has continued to grow despite a regulatory crackdown.All this activity has put regulators on edge.They fear a repeat of the crisis,when all the bawling and dirty diapers took the family to the edge of insolvency.Specifically,the Fed is worried that growing competition between banks to win over new customers will lead many to weaken their underwriting standards and risk management assessments.Yet,non performing loans have halved since the2010peaks.And bad debt charges have fallen to0.23per cent in the second half of this year,down from the2.5per cent high in the last quarter of2009,Credit Suisse analysis shows.Today’s banks are better capitalised than they were before the crisis. But high levels of risky debt could undermine those buffers.For the moment,the growing brood looks comfortable enough.But the more it grows,the riskier it becomes.1.In the second paragraph,the author mentions data from St Louis Federal Reserve to illustrate that______.A.rates remain lowB.banks lend more interest margins remain slim2.According to the author,the Fed is worrying about some problems, EXCEPT______.A.a repeat of the crisisB.the undermine of underwriting standardsC.the weaken of risk management assessmentsD.the robustly grow of the US economy3.The word"halved"in the last but one paragraph can be replaced by "_______".A.raisedB.modifiedC.reducedD.VanishedPassage4Alibaba:swinging singlesAmerican capitalism could not bear a holiday devoted only to gratitude–a notoriously hard concept to monetise.So after Thanksgiving comes Black Friday–and the country shops.China’s Singles’Day(named for all the ones in the date,11/11)was for romance.That did not set registers ringing,either.Alibaba charged into the breach a few years ago with a Singles’Day sale.The results make the Americans cramming into Walmart look like timid socialists.This Singles’Day,the total volume of merchandise bought through Alibaba was Rmb57.1bn($9.3bn),blowing past last year’s$5.9bn.Total US retail sales for the entire four-day Thanksgiving weekend of2013, online and in stores,were roughly$57bn.Alibaba,a marketplace operator rather than a retailer,takes up to5 per cent of each transaction–no discount on Alibaba’s merchant fees for Singles’Day,thank you.So the day’s discounts of at least50per cent compresses revenues,especially considering that before the big day some sales are put off(one merchant has said that in the two weeks before Singles’Day its online sales drop80per cent).Alibaba has not disclosed the revenues it makes from Singles’Day.The big winners,other than consumers,might be the delivery companies.Given all this,and that Alibaba’s$300bn market capitalisation is about50times net income,profitability matters.Alibaba’s shareholders will have to wait for the next earnings report for clues to whether Singles’Day2014was an economic success as well as a promotional one.Cash flow,in particular,bears watching.Capital expenditures tripled in Alibaba’s latest reported quarter,to$550m,as the company spent money on data centres,land rights and construction.Cash flow after capital spending therefore grew much more slowly than profit(even putting aside the$775m Alibaba lent to its merchants in the quarter).Chinese consumers are proving their buying power and Alibaba is proving its selling power.Earnings power will determine whether investors keep clicking buy,buy,buy.1.How do we define Alibaba?A.Alibaba is a retailer.B.Alibaba is a marketplace operator.2.According to the writer,who might be the big winner of the Singles’Day?A.RetailersB.ConsumersC.Delivery companiesD.Both consumers and delivery companies3.Why dose the cash flow of Alibaba grow much more slowly than theirprofit?A.Because they spent money on data centres.B.Because they spent money on land rights.C.Because they spent money on construction.D.All the above.Part III Writing(30%)The chart below shows the figures for imprisonment in five countries between1930and1980.Write a report of350-400words in English for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.Your writing will be assessed for language,format,structure,content and length. Write your report on the ANSWER SHEET.1930-1980五十年间五个国家囚禁犯人的数据情况该图表对比的是1930-1980五十年间五个国家囚禁犯人的数据情况。
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NationalAssociationofSecuritiesDealAutomatedQuotations(NASDAQ)
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NationalClimateCentre国家气候中心
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nationaldefence国防
nationaleconomies国民经济
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Flood-ControlandDraught-ReliefCommandSystem国家防汛抗旱指挥系统
NationalPopulationandFamilyPlanningCommission国家人口和计划生育委员会
nationalpricedeterminationsunderthePriceLaw按价格法实行国家定价
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nationaltreatment国民待遇★★★★★
nationallydesignatedpoorcounties国家贫困县
Nation-wideAdvancedEnterpriseonEnvironmentalProtection全国环境保护先进企业
nationwidecensus★★★★★
nationwideimplementation全国范围内实行
naturaleco-environmentstatus自然生态环境状况
naturalhandicap不利的自然条件
naturalmonopoly自然独占-
naturalperson自然人
naturalresourcedepletion自然资源的消耗
NaturalResource,Space,andGeographyInformationDatabase(NRSGID)自然资源与空间地理信息数据库
NBS,NationalBureauofStandards美国国家标准局
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