日本大地震

Chubu
Gifu
Nagoya
Kanto
1921
Tokyo 1924 Kawasaki 1923 Yokohama 1923
1923 1923 1923
1965
1938
1938
1982
1924
1923
1923
1974
1909
1916
1909
1944
1906 1984
1948
2004 2004
2009 1910
11 March 2011 5:46:23 UTC
38.322° N., 142.369° E. Depth 24.4 km Mw = 9.0 (USGS)
Aomori
1939 Tohoku
1914
1974
1901 1901 1931
1968 1994
1995
1989 1968
1935 1960
1928 1968
Kita Kyushu
Divergent Others
Kyushu
1964
M7.9 Near the East Coast of Honshu, Japan of March 11, 2011 11 March 2011 6:15:40 UTC 36.186° N., 141.192° E. Depth 35 km Mw = 7.9 (USGS)
1913 1917
1919
1935
M7.1 Near the East Coast of Honshu, Japan of March 11th, 2011
11 March 2011 6:25:50 UTC
40°
1917 38.106° N., 144.553° E. Depth 19.7 km M = 7.1 (USGS)
Kuril
Ba
K
s
u
in
ri
l
150°
Isla
n
d
s
KURIL - KA
80 mm/yr
N o r t h w e s t 40° Pacific Basin
132° 40°
Epicentral Region
134°
136°
138°
140°
142°
144°
146°
1983
M9.0 Great Tohoku Earthquake of March 11th, 2011
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
The M9.0 Great Tohoku Earthquake (northeast Honshu, Japan) of March 11, 2011
EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY MAP XXX
T N
0
The red vectors represents the motion of the Pacific Plate relative to the Philippine Plate, and the Philippine Plate relative to the Eurasia Plate in the region. The motion of the Pacific Plate is generally 60 mm/yr north westward with respect to the Philippine Plate. The motion of the Philippine Plate is generally 44 mm/yr north westward with respect to the Eurasia Plate.
M7.9 Aftershock
M7.2 Foreshock
36°
M7.1 Aftershock
Mag ≥ 7.0
0 - 69 km
702M0°-i2d99300 - 600
P
a
c
i
f
i
c
Mountains
Plate Boundaries
34°
Shimonoseki
Subduction Transform
Seismic hazard is expressed as peak ground acceleration (PGA) on firm rock, in meters/sec², expected to be exceeded in a 50-yr period with a probability of 10 percent.
EXPLANATION
M9.0 Great Tohoku
36°
M7.9 Aftershock
M7.2 Foreshock
M7.1 Aftershock
Earthquake Magnitude
5.50 - 5.99 6.00 - 6.99
34°
7.00 - 7.99 8.00 - 8.99
9.00 - 9.99
The Japan Trench subduction zone has hosted nine events of magnitude 7 or greater since 1973. The largest of these, a M 7.8 earthquake approximately 260 km to the north of the March 11 epicenter, caused 3 fatalities and almost 700 injuries in December 1994. In June of 1978, a M 7.7 earthquake 35 km to the southwest of the March 11 epicenter caused 22 fatalities and over 400 injuries. Large offshore earthquakes have occurred in the same subduction zone in 1611, 1896 and 1933 that each produced devastating tsunami waves on the Sanriku coast of Pacific NE Japan. That coastline is particularly vulnerable to tsunami waves because it has many deep coastal embayments that amplify tsunami waves and cause great wave inundations. The M 7.6 subduction earthquake of 1896 created tsunami waves as high 38 m and a reported death toll of 22,000. The M 8.6 earthquake of March 2, 1933 produced tsunami waves as high as 29 m on the Sanriku coast and caused more than 3000 fatalities.
1915
1906
1953
1972 1972
2005
A'
38°
M7.2 Near the East Coast of Honshu, Japan of March 9, 2011
09 March 2011 2:45:20 UTC
38.424° N., 142.836° E. Depth 32 km Mw = 7.2 (USGS)
Prepared in cooperation with the Global Seismographic
Network
MCHATKA TRENCH
120° 40°
Tectonic Setting
AMUR1P30L° ATE
140°
Japan Basin
AMUR PLATE
NORTH KOREA
EPICENTRAL REGION SEA OF JAPAN
RENCH
GH
20°
PHILIPPINE SEA PLATE
OU H
Kyushu - Palau Ridge
120°
RELATIVE PLATE MOTIONS
P H13I0°L I P P I N E S E A
140°
Scale 1:20,000,000
R C
15N0M°OARRTIHAENRAN ISLANDS (U.S.)
The March 11 earthquake was preceded by a series of large foreshocks over the previous two days, beginning on March 9th with a M 7.2 event approximately 40 km from the epicenter of the March 11 earthquake, and continuing with another three earthquakes greater than M 6 on the same day.
1933
1904
2003 1900
1915
1901
1981
1939
1902
PAGER
JAPAN T REN CH
-02 lit)(r°kcs6591goenaNDmW
0 -851 23510
Depth (km)
EURASIA PLATE
YELLOW SEA
SOUTH KOREA
Chang Jaing 30°
YAwk.baidu.comGTZE PLATE
EAST CHINA
SEA
J A PA N
)
TREN CH
44 mm/yr
OKINAWA PLATE
PACIFIC PLATE
60 mm/yr
SHOTO (RYUKYU
I Z U T R E N CBHO N
TA I WAN
NANSEI -
IN T
MARIANAS PLATE
A Sendai
1937 1933
1978 1927 1962
1915 1915
1905 1908
2008
1938
1959 1938 1938 1938
1915
1943
Chugoku Hiroshima
1905 Matsuyama
Shikoku
1948
1927
Kinki
Kyoto
Kobe Osaka
125
250
Seismic Hazard
IA T
N R
500
750
MAR AN A
MARI
A E
1,000 Miles
120°
130°
140°
150°
40°
Seoul
EPICENTRAL REGION
Tokyo
Distancedowp(km)15°Nrh
40°
Shanghai
30°
30°
120°
130°
140°
Scale 1:20,000,000
0
135
270
540
810
Peak Ground Acceleration in m/sec**2
150°
1,080 Miles
.2
.4
.8 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.0 4.8
Shatsky Rise
38°
EXPLANATION
30°
M9.0 Great Tohoku
Earthquake Depth
Did You Feel It?
132°
M9.0 GREAT TOHOKU TECTONIC SUMMARY
The magnitude 9.0 Tohoku earthquake on March 11, 2011, which occurred near the northeast coast of Honshu, Japan, resulted from thrust faulting on or near the subduction zone plate boundary between the Pacific and North America plates. At the latitude of this earthquake, the Pacific plate moves approximately westwards with respect to the North America plate at a rate of 83 mm/yr, and begins its westward descent beneath Japan at the Japan Trench. Note that some authors divide this region into several microplates that together define the relative motions between the larger Pacific, North America and Eurasia plates; these include the Okhotsk and Amur microplates that are respectively part of North America and Eurasia.