全国2009年1月高等教育自学考试英语(二)
自考英语二历年真题及答案
自考英语二历年真题及答案【北京骄能教育】2010年4月全国自考英语(二)真题及答案/view/aa2225bd960590c69ec37615.html 2009年4月全国自考英语(二)真题及答案/view/6c39642d7375a417866f8f15.html 2009年10月全国自考英语(二)真题及答案/view/0e45235c3b3567ec102d8a15.html 2008年10月份全国自考英语(二)真题及答案/view/af4f791e650e52ea55189815.html 2007年04月份全国自考英语(二)真题及答案/view/2f082f7101f69e3143329415.html 2006年04月份全国自考英语(二)真题及答案/view/bf24f669a45177232f60a215.html 2006年10月份全国自考英语(二)真题及答案/view/6648f4687e21af45b307a815.html 2005年04月份全国自考英语(二)真题及答案/view/d100b1c66137ee06eff9180a.html 2005年10月份全国自考英语(二)真题及答案/view/ba11606e58fafab069dc020a.html 【二：真题系列】2009年4月自考英语(二)试卷答案/view/aaff1208763231126edb1134.html2009年7月自考英语(二)试题答案/view/eee8ba51f01dc281e53af037.html2009年10月全国自考英语(二)试题答案/view/09174ffb770bf78a65295436.html2008年1月英语(二)试题答案/view/88880d37f111f18583d05a34.html2008年4月全国自考英语(二)试题答案/view/31aff23a580216fc700afd2a.html2008年7月英语(二)答案/view/0a207b175f0e7cd184253634.html2008年10月自考英语(二)试题/view/e9c6ad0d4a7302768e993934.html2007年4月自考英语(二)试题/view/f0f2c2bbfd0a79563c1e7234.html 2007年4月自考英语(二)试卷答案/view/b7b5aed528ea81c758f57834.html全国2007年10月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题/view/7478393f5727a5e9856a6131.html全国2007年10月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题答案/view/d5e3d6c708a1284ac8504331.html2006年4月自考英语二试卷/view/6019865f804d2b160b4ec034.html 2006年4月自学英语二试卷答案/view/6e8ed07da26925c52cc5bf34.html2006年10月英语(二)试题/view/fa2a87c69ec3d5bbfd0a742a.html 2006年10月英语(二)试题答案/view/532cb400a6c30c2259019e35.html 2006年10月全国自考自学考试“英语(二)”历年试卷试题(北京卷) /view/b67624687e21af45b307a834.html 2006年10月全国自考自学考试“英语(二)”试题(北京卷)答案/view/4d97e224ccbff121dd368334.html2005年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试/view/873aac68a98271fe910ef934.html 2005年10月自考英语(二)试题/view/6fdbf709581b6bd97f19ea34.html2004年10月英语(二)试题/view/1aa793868762caaedd33d42a.html 2004年10月英语(二)试题答案/view/910eca36a32d7375a417802a.html全国2003年1月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题/view/0f1f2669a45177232f60a231.html2003年4月全国自考英语(二)试题/view/6cdf49f7ba0d4a7302763a35.html2003年10月英语(二)试题答案/view/2a30a9d5b9f3f90f76c61b35.html浙江省2002年1月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题/view/0a257b175f0e7cd184253631.html浙江省2002年1月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题答案/view/26bd7f0203d8ce2f00662331.html全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题/view/aff57637ee06eff9aef80736.html全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题答案/view/294d018884868762caaed531.html浙江省2002年7月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题/view/aafa1208763231126edb1131.html全国2002年10月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题/view/71b1fb3a87c24028915fc331.html全国2002年10月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题答案/view/a2df002ded630b1c59eeb531.html2001年4月份全国高等教育自学考试自考英语二试卷/view/6672246c1eb91a37f1115c35.html2001年4月份全国高等教育自学考试自考英语二试卷答案/view/746aa923482fb4daa58d4b35.html全国2001年10月自考英语(二)试题/view/0f31c980d4d8d15abe234e36.html全国2001年10月自考英语(二)试题答案/view/c021b51614791711cc791736.html2000年上半年全国高教自考英语(二)/view/24d2454de518964bcf847c35.html1999年下半年全国高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题/view/fa3587c69ec3d5bbfd0a7435.html自考英语二一直是自考生的一道难题，很多人都是因为英语二而不能完成学业，有的甚至放弃了自考！辛苦自考多年，最后却因为英语二而不能毕业是多么可惜的一件事啊！因为英语的特性,在短时间内很难学好英语！短时间内学好英语是不可能的！但是，现在你却有了一个可以通过英语二考试的机会----北京骄能教育自考英语二保过班！北京骄能教育拥有多位权威英语教师，一直致力于自考英语二，公共英语三级考试的研究，经过多年的努力和实践，终于总结出一套行之有效考前应试技巧，并且在考前进行押题，保证学生通过考试。
09年自考“综合英语(二)”笔记(23)
09年自考“综合英语（二）”笔记（23）lesson23 Some Meanings Of Authentic LoveSome meaning of authentic love1.So far，we’ve discussed mostly what we think love is not.Now we’d like to share some of the positive meanings love has for us.2.Love means that I know the person I love.I’m aware of the many sides of the other person——not just the beautiful side but also the limitations，inconsistencies and flaws.I have an awareness of the other’s feelings and thoughts，and I experience something of the core of that person.I can penetrate social masks and roles and see the other person on a deeper level.3.Love means that I care about the welfare of the person I love.To the extent that it is genuine，my caring is not a smothering of the person or a possessive clinging.On the contrary，my caring liberates both of us.If I care about you，I’m concerned about your growth，and I hope you will become all that you can become.Consquently，I don’t put uproadblocks to what you do that enhances you as a person，even though it may result in my discomfort at times.4.Love means having respect for the dignity of the person I love.If I love you，I can see you as a separate person，with your own values and thoughts and feelings，and I do not insist that you surrender your identity and comform to an image of what I expect you to be for me.I can allow and encourage you to stand alone and to be who you are,and I avoid treating you as an object or using you primarily to gratify my own needs.5.Love means having a responsibilit toward the person I love.If I love you，I’m responsive to most of your major needs as a person.This responsibility does not entail my doing for you what you are capable of doing for yourself；nor does it mean that I run your life for you.It does imply acknowledging that what I am and what I do affects you，so that I am directly involved in your happiness and your misery.A lover does have the capacity to hurt or neglect the loved one，and in this sense I see that love entails an acceptance of some responsibility for the impact my way of being has on you.6.Love means groth for both myself and the person I love.If I love you，I am growing as a result of my love.You are a stimulant for me to become more fully what I might become，and my loving enhances your being as well.We each grow as a result of caring and being cared for；we each share in an enriching experience that doesn’t detract from our being.7.Love means making a commitment to the person I love.This commitment doesn’t entail surrendering our total selves to each other；nor does it imply that the relationship is necessarily permanent.It does entail a willingness to stay with each other in times of pain，uncertainty，struggle，and despair，as well as in times of calm and enjoyment.8.Love means trusting the person I love.If I love you，I trust that you will accept my caring and my love and that you won’t deliberately hurt me.I trust that you will find me lovable and that you won’t abandon me；I trust the reciprocal nature of our love.If we trust each other，we are willing to be open to each other and can shed masks and pretenses and reveal our true selves.9.Love can tolerate imerfection.In a love relationship there are times of boredom，times whenI may feel like giving up，times of real strain，and times I experience an impasse.Authentic love does not imply enduring happiness.I can stay during roufh times，however，because I can remember what we had together in the past ，and I can picture what we will have together in our future if we care enough to face our problems and work them through.We agree with reverendMaier when he writes that love is a spirit that changes life.Love is creative and that transforms.However，Maier does not view love as being reserved for a perfect world.“Love is meant for our imperfect world where things go wrong.Love is meant to be a spirit that works in painful situations.Love is meant to bring meaning into life where nonsense appears to reign.”In other words，love comes into an imperfect world to make it livable.10.Love is freeing.Love is feely given，not doled out on demand.At the same time，my love for you isn’t dependent on whether you full fill my expectations of you.Authentic love does not imply “I’ll love you when you become perfect or when you become what I expect you to ecome.”Authentic love isn’t given with strings attached.There is an unconditional quality about love.11.Love is expansive.If I love you，I encourage you to reach out and develop other relationships.Although our love for each other and our commitment to each other might bar certain actions on our parts,we are not totally and exclusively wedded to each other.It is a pseudolove that cements one person to another in such a way that he or she is not given room to grow.Casey and Vanceburg put this notion well：12.The honest evidence of our love is our commitment to encouraging another’s full development.We are inter dependentpersonalities who need one another’s presence in order to fullfill our destiny.And yet,we are also separate individuals.We must come to terms with our struggles alone.13.Love means having a want for the person I love without having a need for that person in order to be complete.If I am nothing without you,then I’m not really free to love you.I love you and you leave,I’ll experience a loss and be sad and lonely，but I’ll still be able to survive.If I am overly dependent on you for my meaning and my survival，then I am not free to challenge our relationship；nor am I free to challenge and confront you.Because of my fear of losing you，I’ll settle for less than I want，and this settling will surely lead to feelings of resentment.14.Love means identifying with the person I love.If I love you，I can empathize with you and see the world through your eyes.I can identify with you because I’m able to see myself in you and you in me.This closeness does not imply a continual“togetherness”for distance and separation are sometimes essential in a loving relationship.Distance can intensify a loving bond，and it can help us rediscover ourselves，so that we are able to meet each other in a new way.15.Love is selfish.I can only love you if i genuinely love,value，appreciate，and respect myself.If I am empty，then all I can give you is my emptiness.If I feel that I’m complete and worthwhile in myself，then I’m able to give to you out of my fullness.One of the best ways for me to give you love is by fully enjoying myself with you.16.Love involves seeing the potential within the person we love.In my love for another,I view her or him as the personshe or he can become，while still accepting who and what the person is now Goethe’s observation is relevant here：by taking people as they are，we make them worse，but by treating them as if they already were what they ought to be，we help make them better.17.We conclude this discussion of the meanings that authentic love has for us by sharing a thought from Fromm’s The Art of Loving （1956）His description of mature love sums up the essential characteristics of authentic love quite well：18.Mature love is union under the condition of preseving one’s integrity,one’s individuality.In love tihs paradox occurs that two beings become on eand yet remain two.。
2009年全国高考全国卷2试题答案(英语)
初四历史下册复习题1、俄国十月革命原因是：A、它是一个经济不够发达的帝国主义国家B、列宁和布尔什维克党采取了正确的方针C、二月革命后临时政府继续进行第一次世界大战D、俄国工人阶级力量比较集中2、十月革命的历史意义A、是人类历史上第一次获得胜利的社会主义革命B推动了国际社会主义运动的发展C鼓舞了殖民地半殖民地人民的解放斗争D沉重打击了帝国主义的统治3、与十月革命相关的地名是：A彼得格勒B斯莫尔尼宫C冬宫D莫斯科4、十月革命后建立的政权是：A工人苏维埃政府B人民委员会C苏联D临时政府5、与1921年苏俄实施新经济政策相关的是：A允许多种经济并存B大力发展商品经济C促进国民经济的恢复和发展D向农民征收余粮6、1922年苏联成立当时加入苏联的有：A外高加索联邦B乌克兰C白俄罗斯D立陶宛7、苏联1936年通过新宪法：A建立了社会主义国家基本制度B标志苏联高度集中的政治经济体制的形成C宣布苏联是“工农社会主义国家”D苏联完成了农业集体化8、对斯大林模式评价正确的是：A优先发展重工业B在计划经济体制下片面强调产值产量C对农民伤害大D经济发展粗放小号浪费了资源9、使苏联经济恢复到战前1913年的水平：A战时共产主义政策B新经济政策C斯大林模式D农业集体化10、对苏联卫国战争描述正确的是：A国内外联合起来企图扼杀苏维埃B经过四年艰苦的国内战争C巩固了世界上第一个无产阶级国家D涌现了战斗英雄恰巴耶夫11、彼得格勒起义有什么特点：A武装夺取政权B建立了世界上第一个社会主义国家C走农村包围城市的道路D中心城市暴动12、巴黎和会三巨头是：A法国总理孟梭B英国首相乔治C美国总统威尔逊D苏联斯大林13、1919年协约国与德国签订凡尔赛和约对德国作出的规定是：A法国收回阿尔萨斯和洛林B德国的海外殖民地由英法日等国瓜分C允许德国实行义务兵制D协约国设立赔款委员会14、对巴黎和会叙述正确的是：A中国没有参加B中国提出了收回德国在山东的权益C由英法日操纵D引发了五四爱国运动15、凡尔赛体系确立了帝国主义在哪里的体系：A欧洲B西亚C非洲D太平洋16、1920年1月成立的国际组织是：A国际联盟B联合国C欧洲经济共同体D七十七国联盟18、华盛顿会议签订有关中国的条约是：A四国公约B五国公约C九国公约D中日解决山东悬案跳跃及其附约19、关于华盛顿会议叙述正确的是：A华盛顿会议是凡尔赛会议的继续B确立帝国主义在东亚、太平洋地区秩序C帝国主义确立了战后的政治格局D这一体系消除了帝国主义国家的矛盾20、1929-1933年的经济危机的特点是：A涉及范围特别广B持续时间比较长C破坏性特别大D危害性特别深21、发生在1933年的事件是：A罗斯福就任美国总统B德国希特勒上台C国会纵火案D意大利墨索里尼组织法西斯22、对罗斯福新政描述正确的是：A目的是在资本主义内部进行调整B中心措施是对工业的调整C特点是国家对经济的干预指导D颁布了国家工业复兴法23、罗斯福新政的影响是：A美国经济缓慢地恢复过来B从根本上消除了经济危机C美国联邦政府的权力明显增强D 资本主义制度得到调整巩固与发展24、组织法西斯政党的国家是“A德国B意大利C日本D奥地利25、直接在1929-1933年经济危机打击下建立法西斯政权的国家是：A德国B意大利C日本D法国26、属于法西斯国家政权建立的事件是：A国会纵火案B向罗马进军C二二六兵变D希特勒上台27、1929-1933年经济危机爆发的原因是：A资本主义制度的根本矛盾B股票投机导致股价大幅度哄抬C美国市场盛行分期付款D银行信贷刺激了市场的虚假繁荣28、希特勒法西斯独裁统治实施的政策有：A逮扑和迫害大批共产党和进步人士B取缔除纳粹党以外的所有政党C掀起迫害犹太人的狂潮D允许思想自由29、标志着世界大战欧亚战争策源地形成的事件是：A1933年希特勒上台B日本军部法西斯专政建立C墨索里尼组织法西斯政党D德意日结成轴心国集团30、迄今为止美国已有40多位总统，其中受命与危难之中力挽狂澜的有：A林肯B罗斯福C杜鲁门D华盛顿31、第二次世界大战突袭事件有：A德国军队突袭波兰B日本偷袭珍珠港C德军突袭苏联D德军突袭英国32、雅尔塔会议的内容是：A打败德国以后，要对德国实行军事占领B决定成立联合国C苏联承诺参加对日本法西斯作战D各国签署联合国家宣言33、为什么战争初期法西斯国家的侵略屡屡得手A、帝国主义国家采取了缓靖政策B、反法西斯国家没有走向联合C、反法西斯国家人力少D、反法西斯国家物资力量差34、迫使日本法西斯在亚洲、太平洋地区尽快投降的因素有A、中国等亚洲各国人民对日本侵略者展开了猛烈的进攻B、诺曼底登陆C、苏联对日作战C、美军在太平洋上进攻35、第二次世界大战的影响A、是人类历史上的一次空前浩劫B、几千万人失去了生命无数财产被毁C、改变了世界面貌影响了世界历史的发展进程D、引发了经济危机36、发生在第二次世界大战中的事件是A、斯大林格勒战役B、凡尔登战役C、敦刻尔克大撤退D、莫斯科保卫战37、与二战战役相关的时间是A、1945年2月B、1945年8月15日C、1941年12月7日D、1941年6月38、20世纪五六十年代美国经济繁荣发展的原因是A、美国国际地位的提高和政治经济实力增强B、大力发展科技教育C、利用高新技术成果D、改进传统工业的生产技术39、20世纪七八十年代美国经济的特征A、70年代后期到80年代初缓慢回升通货膨胀B、80年代中期以后调整好负债加重C、70—80年代是美国经济持续发展繁荣阶段D、美国进入新经济时代40、20世纪90年代美国经济发展的原因A、美国政府进行社会经济改革B、大力发展科技教育事业C、以信息产业为代表的高新技术发展D、完成了传统产业的技术改造41、二战后西欧经济发展的原因A、西欧国家发挥高素质的劳动力优势B利用美国援助C采用最先进的科学技术成果D制定恰当的经济发展政策42对欧盟叙述正确的是A1999年成立B是在欧洲共同体基础上成立的C欧盟成员国内部人员资本货物自由流通D欧盟总部设在瑞士的日内瓦43二战后日本经济发展的原因：A推行非军事化政策B日本政府制定了适当的经济政策C引进最新的科学技术成果D 发展教育和科学技术44、二战后西欧和日本经济共同原因：A制定适当的经济政策B发展教育和科学技术C利用美国的援助D采用最先进的科学成果45美国五六十年代与九十年代经济发展原因的共同点是：A大力发展科技教育B改进传统工业的生产技术C利用高新技术成果D进行社会经济改革46美国90年代经济与以前有哪些很大不同：A经济政策B经济结构C信息化D全球化47能够体现弱国无外交的条约是：A九国公约B凡尔赛合约C五国公约D四国公约。
全国高等教育自学考试英语(二)历年真题及答案
B
15. A . simply B. necessarily C. reluctantly D. inevitably
A
16. A. of
B. with
C. for
D. at
C
17. A leaves B. makes
C. prevents D. produces
D
18. A at once B. at first
B. general
C. ordinary
D. usual
5. As for family education, parents are encouraged to rely on ____rather than punishment.
A. criticism B. intimidation
C. persuasion D. scolding
When we first met , I fell hard for Christopher right away , although I wouldn’t call it love. I’d never been with a man who was prettier than I was , but after a while I got used to this , and it didn’t bother me so much .I was recovering from a broken heart and needed something to help me move on . If it wasn’t love , it was good enough ,and when he asked me to marry him I jumped at the chance ,knowing that it might be my last.
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷Ⅱ
2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷H）英语试卷第I卷（选择题）第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：haveA. gaveB. save C . hat D. ,made答案是C o1. JulyA . diaryB . energyC . reply.D .d aily.2 . medici neA . twiceB . medicalC . perfectD .c linic.3 . seizeA . neighbourB . weighC . eightD .r eceive4 . determi neA . remindB . mi nisterC . smileD .t idy5 . existA . experie neeB . exam ineC . exciteD .e xplode第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
八、、°例: It is gen erally con sidered un wise to give a child _________ he or she wan ts.A. however B . whatever C. whichever D . whenever 答案是B。
6. ________________ It is often that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.A. said B . to say C. saying D . being said7. _________________________________ Charles was alone at home, with looking after him.第三节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30 分）Progress ______ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.The childre n loved their day trip, and they enjoyed the horse ride ______They use computers to keep the traffic ______ smoothly. A . being run B . run C . to run D . runningMy friend showed me round the town, ____ was very kind of him.8.9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.17. 18. 19. 20.A . whichB . thatC . whereD . itIt ' s high time you haobyr hair cut; it ' s getting A . too much long B . much too long C . long too much D . too long muchDo you mind my ope ning the win dow? It s a bit hot i nhere._______ , as a matter of fact A . Go ahead B . Yes, my pleasure C . Yes, I do D . Come onI can ' t leave. She told me tha ______ stay here until she comes back.A . canB . mustC . willD . mayA . some oneB . anyoneC . not oneD . no oneA . wasB . had beenC . has beenD . will beA . mostB . moreC . lessD . littleAll the dishes in this menu, _______ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A . asB . ifI ' m sure that your letter will get _______ A . con ti nuedB . immediateThe CDs are on sale! Buy one and you get A . otherB . othersC . thoughD . uni essatte nti on. They know you 're waiting for the reply.C . carefulD . gen eralcompletely free.C . oneD . onesJenny nearly missed the flight ______ doing too much shopping.A . as a result ofB . on top of What I need is book that contains A . a;不填 B . the;不填If you leave the club, you will not be A . receivedB . admittedC . in front ofD . in n eedofABC of oil pain ti ng.C . the; anD . a; theback in.C . turnedD . moved阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2009年教育硕士考试英语二试卷一A真题及答案
2009英语二试卷一A[供报考学科教学(英语)专业考生使用]Section ⅠUse of English (20 minutes,10%)Section ⅡReading Comprehension (70 minutes,50%)SectionⅠUse of English (20 minutes,10%)Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank from A. B. C or D.Can you “think” yourself younger?Anti-aging may be more than herbs, creams, or exercise. Recently, more and more people are01 towards anti-aging psychology, a major claim of 02 is that anti-aging requires you to learn life 03 attitudes, beliefs. and coping skills that 04 youthfulness and health. It is said only 30% of your aging is predetermined by your genetic code, and the 05 is your decisions and attitude.So can you ―think‖yourself younger? Many people 06 these sorts of attitude adjustments as opposed to 07 your body with countless chemicals. Often, people say mind over matter, and to a degree 08 psychology works when you are looking 09 better performance on sports or other tests, but you cannot use your mind to 10 a physical injury, such as a broken bone, or in our 11 , get a wrinkle out of our forehead. Your attitude can change your 12 personality, and smiling may make other people 13 you more, but I am not sure it is truly anti-aging.14 , your attitudes and believes can change your outward appearance and 15 as a possible effective anti-aging agent 16 by changing your attitude you reduce stress, which is a large 17 in aging. So, indirectly you can ―think‖ yourself younger if your thoughts lead to less stress, but you will never become younger 18 simply thinking about becoming younger. Thinking positively and anti-aging is not 19 , rather thinking positively is correlated with anti-aging 20 it reduces stress and helps you live a more active life.01. [A] moving [B] going [C] turning [D] coming02. [A] that [B] which [C] what [D] who03. [A] enhanced [B] enhance [C] enhancing [D] enhances04. [A] include [B] constitute [C] construct [D] foster05. [A] rest [B] other [C] others [D] opposite06. [A] like [B] prefer [C] enjoy [D] support07. [A] covering [B] checking [C] changing [D] filling08. [A] positive [B] reliable [C] advanced [D] modern09. [A] for [B] to [C] at [D] up10. [A] deal [B] heal [C] reveal [D] recover11. [A] case [B] sense [C] mind [D] time12. [A] major [B] born [C] outward [D] obvious13. [A] to like [B] like [C] liking [D] liked14. [A] Therefore [B] However [C] Although [D] Furthermore15. [A] are [B] find [C] play [D] act16. [A] unless [B] but [C] if [D] after17. [A] problem [B] factor [C] issue [D] question18. [A] when [B] for [C] by [D] with19. [A] cause [B] caused [C] causing [D] causation20. [A] because [B] while [C] whether [D] howSectionⅡReading Comprehension (70 minutes, 50%)Part ARead the following text and answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D.The True Meaning of Self-HelpAccording to self-help expert Tony Robbins, walking barefoot across 1,000-degree red-hot coals ―is an experience in belief. It teaches people in the most intuitive sense that they can do things they never thought possible.‖I’ve done three fire walks myself, without chanting ―cool moss‖or thinking positive thoughts. I didn’t get burned. Why? Because charcoal is a poor conductor of heat, particularly through the dead calloused skin on the bottom of your feet and especially if you walk across the bed of coals as quickly as fire walkers are likely to do. Physics explains the ―how‖ of fire walking. To understand the ―why,‖ we must turn to psychology.In 1980 I attended a bicycle industry trade convention whose keynote speaker was Mark Victor Hansen, well known coauthor of the wildly popular Chicken Soup for the Soul book series. I was surprised that Hansen didn’t require a speaker’s fee, until I saw what happened after his talk; people were lined up out the door to purchase his motivation tapes. I listened to those tapes over and over during training rides in preparation for bicycle races.The ―over and over‖ part is the key to understanding the ―why‖ of what journalist Steve Salerno calls the Self-Help and Actualization Movement (SHAM). In his recent book: How the Self-Help Movement Made America Helpless, he explains how the talks and tapes offer a momentary lift of inspiration that fades after a few weeks, turning buyers into repeat customers. Surrounding SHAM is a builetproof shield: if your life does not get better, it is your fault--your thoughts were not positive enough. The solution? More of the same self-help--or at least the same message repackaged into new products. Consider the multiple permutations of John Gray’s Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus. SHAM takes advantage by cleverly marketing the dualism of victimization and empowerment. SHAM experts insist that we are all victims of our wild and cruel ―inner children‖ who are produced by painful pasts that create negative ―tapes‖ that replay over and over in our minds. Liberation comes themselves, for prices that range from $500 one-day work-shops to Robbins’s $5,995 ―Date with Destiny‖ seminar. Do these programs work? No one knows. According to Salerno, no scientific evidence indicates that any of the countless SHAM techniques—from fire walking to 12-stepping—works better than doing something else or even doing nothing . The law of large numbers means that given the millions of people who have tried SHAMs. Inevitably some will improve. As with alternative, ineffective medicine, the body naturally heals itself and whatever the patient was doing to help gets the credit. Patient, heal thyself—the true meaning of self-help.21. What does Tony Robbins say about fire walks?[A] Fire walkers are actually cheaters.[B] Fire walkers should have experience.[C] Fire walking is a special experience.[D] Fire walking requires much self-confidence.22.‖…turning buyers into repeat customers‖ implies[A] SHAM may lead to a dramatic shopping inspiration.[B] SHAM believers buy more books of similar content.[C] usually SHAM will only last for several weeks.[D]tapes of Steve Salerno’s talks are sold at different time.23.the advantage that SHAM takes is possibly the[A] economic benefit.[B] scientific advances.[C] public indulgence.[D] believers’ vulnerability.24. What is the author’s attitude towards SHAM?[A] Critical.[B] Understanding.[C] Admiring.[D] Indifferent.25. The purpose of mentioning the prices (for prices that range from $500 … to …$5,995 …) is to[A] tell readers the actual cost of such activities.[B] satirize the high cost and a not-much-useful activity.[C] recommend some of the worthwhile soul trainings.[D] show the quality discrepancy among such activities.26. Which of the following statements would the author agree with?[A] SHAM will work together with certain medicine.[B] SHAM techniques are better than other techniques.[C] SHAM may work for only a small number of people.[D] SHAM works as effectively as physical healing.Part BYou are going to read an extract about the work of the Master of Ceremony. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (27-32). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use .Preparation for the Master of CeremonyThe Master of Ceremony (MC) performs a variety of duties during a program. As theMC you are responsible for getting things started, keeping the program moving, and closing the meeting. All that occurs between the opening and closing is your responsibility.27As in preparing for any speaking situation, it may work to your advantage to outline the program and then the ―body‖of the presentation before you prepare your introduction and conclusion. In some instances, however, your welcome may be an established custom, and is preparation may well be your first and easiest task.28In preparing the welcome, remember to start on time. Then, greet your guests and fellow members. Briefly make your remarks welcoming all present. Never let your welcome be presented impromptu. Plan ten wording carefully as your beginning is likely to set the mood for the entire program. If you are serious or humorous, the atmosphere will have thus been set for the occasion.29On the other hand, you don’t want people waiting for a speaker long after they have completed their dessert. It is best to prepare a time schedule for your entire program, check it with your caterer and speakers, and then stick to it as closely as you can.3As you arrange the program, have a reason for putting one event or speaker first, another second, and so on. This will help you provide continuity and will help the audience to see connections between speakers. In some instances, you may need to provide impromptu remarks to tie one speaker’s presentation to the next speaker.31Finally, as you prepare for the closing, review the suggestions in chapter 33 for the farewell speech. While the two are not exactly the same, there are similarities. Even the best program needs some sense of finality. Don’t simply dismiss your audience; you need to take a few seconds and thank the audience and tie the program to them one final time. Plan a way of tying the program to something in the future, and point out the benefits of having attended meeting.32As you can see, the preparation for being an MC is very extensive and needs to be planned carefully. Nothing should be left to chance. On the other hand, you should also prepare to speak, change, and adapt to the circumstances of the situation at hand. Adapt to the specific remarks of the speakers.[A] Next, prepare your introductions and transitional remarks so they tie your programtogether and provide continuity. When you speak, make your comments brief and related to the speeches or events that have just occurred or are about to take place.[B] It is essential that you keep a constant reminder that your purpose as MC is to; get thingsstarted, keep the program moving, and close the meeting. Resist any temptation during your preparation to think the audience has come to hear you. Whatever the occasion, you are not the featured speaker, so you will not want to ―spotlight‖ your speeches.[C] As you introduce speakers, remember, it is your responsibility in introducing speakers toarouse interest in the speaker and the speaker’s topic. Again, try to avoid lengthy or toobrief introductions. Otherwise, you may find yourself in a predicament by having used too much of the speaker’s time or not have properly prepared the audience for the speaker.[D] As a follow-up, stop and shake hands and thank all of your guest speakers again. Let themknow that you are pleased with their performance and appreciate their help in making your job easy and enjoyable. Wait until all guests have departed before leaving. It is generally rude and impolite for the MC to leave the banquet or dinner before the special guests.[E] Sometimes the MC has other responsibilities within the organization. These duties mustalso be maintained. Handle these first, so the duties do not interfere with your responsibilities as MC. Once you have accounted for your official duties, you can begin to prepare for the responsibilities of being MC.[F] Once the program is under way, it is your responsibility to see that things keep moving.Try to avoid long gaps of time between events, but you don’t want to rush things too quickly either. If it is a dinner or banquet, you don’t want to have people eating their main course while the guest is speaking.[G] On some occasions, you may also need to prepare yourself for either presenting orreceiving awards or gifts. As in the other speeches by the MC, these speeches are generally brief. All you need to do is to highlight the honoree and stimulate the audience to appreciate the person being honored.Part CYou are going to read a passage about habits. From the list of headings A – G. choose the best one to summarize each paragraph (33-38) of the passage. There is one extra heading that you do not need to use.Habits are bad only if you can’t handle them33We are endlessly told we’re creatures of habit. Indeed, making this observation as if it were original is one of the most annoying habits of pop psychologists. The psychologist William James said long ago that life ―is but a mass of habits …our dressing and undressing, our eating and drinking. our greetings and partings. our giving way for ladies to precede are things of a type so fixed by repetition as almost to be classed as reflex actions.‖What pop psychology can’t decide, though, is whether this state of affairs is good or bad. Are habits, properly controlled, the key to happiness? Or should we be doing all we can to escape habitual existence?34This isn’t a question of good versus bad habits: we can agree, presumably, that the habit of eating lots of vegetables is preferable to that of drinking a three-litre bottle of White Lightning each night. Rather, it’s a disagreement about habituation itself. Since habit is so much more powerful than our conscious decision-making. What are needed are deliberately chosen routines. No matter how hard you resolve to spend more time with your spouse, it’ll never work as well as developing the habit of a weekly night out or of doing the hardest task first each morning.35You on the other hand, as we know all too well, habits lose their power precisely because they’re habitual. An expensive cappuccino, once in a while, is a life-enhancing pleasure; an expensive cappuccino every day soon becomes a boring routine. Even proven therapeutic techniques. such as keeping a diary, work better when done occasionally, not routinely.36I don’t have an answer to this dilemma. But there is one way to get the best of both worlds: develop habits and routines that are designed to disrupt your habits and routines, and keep things fresh. One obvious example is the ―weekly review‖, which time-management experts are always recommending: a habit, yes, but one that involves stepping out of the daily habitual stream to gain perspective. Or take Bill Gates’s famous annual ―think week‖, in which he holes up in the mountains with a stack of books and journals, to reflect on future paths of action. You don’t need a week in the mountains, though: an hour’s walk in the park each week might prove as beneficial.37A smaller-scale kind of routinised disruption is a method known as burst working, involving tiny, timed sprints of 5 to 10minutes, with gaps in between. Each burst brings a microscopic but refreshing sense of newness, while each tiny deadline adds useful pressure, preventing a descent into torpor. Each break, meanwhile, is a moment to breathe – a miniature ―think week‖, to step back, assess your direction, and stop the day sliding into forgetfulness. 38All these techniques use the power of habituation to defeat the downsides of habituation. Like jujitsu (柔道). You’re turning the enemy’s strength against him; unlike jujitsu, we physically malcoordinated types can do it, too.[A] Breaking routines does not need a lot of time[B] Things done too much lose their value.[C] Psychologists are not sure about the value of habits.[D] It is possible to change habits deliberately.[E] Disrupting habits and routines may lead to fresh ideas.[F] There is a way out from habituation.[G] Habits are indication of laziness.Part DYou are going to read a passage about productive postponement. Decide whether the statements in the box agree with the information given in the passage. You should choose from the following:A Yes = the statement agrees with the information in the passageB No = the statement contradicts the information in the passageC NOT GIVEN = there is no information on this in the passageProductive postponementIt’s frustrating irony of the universe that the way to get something you really want is often not to want is so badly. Worry too hard about a task and the anxiety will prevent you performing your best: stop looking for love, goes the cliché, and that’s when you’ll find it. Try too hard to be happy and you’ll find yourself on a misery-inducing treadmill (单调的工作) of self-improvement efforts, contradictory advice and motivational seminars conducted by exceptionally dubious men in hotel ballrooms.The solution is to ―leg go‖ of worry, of seeking happiness. But implementing that advice is close to impossible: it’s a tall order just to stop feeling anxious or to stop wanting something you want. Mercifully, some authors offer a far more palatable alternative: instead of getting embroiled in trying to let go of thoughts and emotions that get in your way, postpone them instead.Understandably, putting things off has often been considered as undesirable: see the bestseller Excuse Me, Your Life Is Waiting and similar warnings not to ―postpone your dreams‖. But there’s a flipside –a technique you might call productive postponement. The psychiatrist Robert Leahy, for example, recommends ―worry postponement‖; writing down your worrier as they arise, and scheduling time to fret. It sounds strange, but there’s researchevidence for it, and logic: we worriers derive huge payoffs from worrying – we believe, on some level, that it makes things go better – and so the idea of giving if up can be terrifying. Just putting it off, safe in the knowledge that you can return to it later, is easier. (If you’re worried you’ll forget to worry, consider an email reminder service, and if worrying you’ll forget to worry strikes you as absurd, well. consider yourself lucky and welcome to my world.)Psychotherapists call techniques such as postponement ―metacognitive‖, meaning that they make you aware of your habitual thought processes, and therefore work more lastingly than, say, trying to relieve a particular worry by addressing its specific content. Postponement works with perfectionism, too. If you can’t get rid of the notion that some task must be done perfectly, can you suspend that requirement just for now, resolving to revert to your perfectionism at some predetermined point in the near future? The essayist Anne Lamott, in her book Bird By Bird, calls this the principle of ―shitty first drafts‖. but, like so much of her counsel, it applies beyond writing.NotNo givenYes39 The more we try to get something, the more difficult if[A] [B] [C]becomes.40 It is advisable to give up what we are looking for. [A] [B] [C]41 Temporarily postponing things may be a good way to[A] [B] [C]get what we want.42 If you forget your worries. They will disappear. [A] [B] [C]43 Most people forget about their worries if they[A] [B] [C]postpone worrying about them.44 If you want to do things perfectly, you have to[A] [B] [C]postpone.45 Sometimes things can be done better when postponed. [A] [B] [C]。
全国高等教育自学考试英语(二)
全国高等教育自学考试英语（二)主讲人:胥国红北京航空航天大学主要内容•试卷分析和最新出题思路•重点语法•备考要诀及学习方法最新英语（二）试卷主观题统计数据考题满分平均分•单词拼写10 2.48•词形填空10 2。
17•汉译英15 5.53•英译汉15 10.75•总分50 20.93最新出题思路（1）与课文的关系往年与课文有关的大题:第一、第四、第五和第六大题近年与课文有关的大题：第四和第六大题建议：熟读课文，掌握课文中的大纲词汇,特别留意课文中体现重点语法和经典句型的句子。
（2）与课文无关的大题：第二、第三、第七大题。
文章选材:主要涉及社会文化、风俗习惯、教育、历史、和生活常识等内容。
建议:广泛阅读此类题材的文章,最好是中英文对照版本。
推荐杂志：《英语沙龙》，《大学英语》,《英语学习》.每道题的考点：第一题：词汇语法题主要考点:定语从句、名词性从句的引导词;状语从句的连接词；词汇辨析；固定搭配；常用句型。
近年来词汇题比重增加。
建议：通过学习教材上下册，熟练掌握基本语法，背熟大纲词汇，加强同义词、近义词、和形似词的比较，牢记固定搭配.历年试题举例:1。
At the end of 1994 the British government introduced new measures to help____domestic workers from abuse by their employers。
［A］protect ［B] suspect [C] expect [D]inspect Ａ2. I’m wondering why he hasn’t turned ___ at the meeting。
［A］down ［B］up [C] out ［D] over Ｂ3。
By using both ears one can tell the direction ___ a soundcomes。
[A］in which ［B］from which[C］over which[D] with which Ｂ第二题：完型填空题主要考点：除了第一大题已提到的考点外，还注重考察介词、连词、副词、代词等虚词的用法。
全国高等教育自学考试英语（二）
全国高等教育自学考试英语（二）主讲人：胥国红北京航空航天大学主要内容试卷分析和最新出题思路重点语法备考要诀及学习方法最新英语（二）试卷主观题统计数据考题满分平均分单词拼写10 2.48词形填空10 2.17汉译英15 5.53英译汉15 10.75总分50 20.93最新出题思路（1）与课文的关系往年与课文有关的大题：第一、第四、第五和第六大题近年与课文有关的大题：第四和第六大题建议：熟读课文，掌握课文中的大纲词汇，特别留意课文中体现重点语法和经典句型的句子。
(2) 与课文无关的大题：第二、第三、第七大题。
文章选材：主要涉及社会文化、风俗习惯、教育、历史、和生活常识等内容。
建议：广泛阅读此类题材的文章，最好是中英文对照版本。
推荐杂志：《英语沙龙》，《大学英语》，《英语学习》。
每道题的考点：第一题：词汇语法题主要考点：定语从句、名词性从句的引导词；状语从句的连接词；词汇辨析；固定搭配；常用句型。
近年来词汇题比重增加。
建议：通过学习教材上下册，熟练掌握基本语法，背熟大纲词汇，加强同义词、近义词、和形似词的比较，牢记固定搭配。
历年试题举例：1. At the end of 1994 the British government introduced new measures to help____domestic workers from abuse by their employers.[A] protect [B] suspect [C] expect [D]inspect Ａ2. I’m wondering why he hasn’t turned ___ at the meeting.[A] down [B] up [C] out [D] over Ｂ3. By using both ears one can tell the direction ___ a soundcomes.[A] in which [B] from which[C] over which[D] with which Ｂ第二题：完型填空题主要考点：除了第一大题已提到的考点外，还注重考察介词、连词、副词、代词等虚词的用法。
2009英语一text2讲解 -回复
2009英语一text2讲解-回复主题: 回答2009年英语一Text2文章题目文章标题: 中国教育改革的问题与展望导语:在2009年英语一Text2文章中，作者探讨了中国教育改革中面临的问题以及未来的展望。
本文将以中括号内的内容为主题，从教育资源分配、教育内容和评价、教育改革推进等方面逐步回答。
本文旨在探讨中国教育改革的现状和发展方向，为读者提供有关教育改革的思考和建议。
一、[中国的城乡教育资源分配不均现象，造成了城乡之间的教育差距。
请你以城乡教育资源分配不均为话题，解析城乡教育资源分配不均:城乡教育资源分配不均是中国教育改革中的重要问题之一。
在城市地区，教育资源丰富，基础设施完善，教师队伍优秀，学校条件良好。
而在农村地区，尤其是边远地区，教育条件相对较差，学生数量多、学校建设滞后、师资力量不足，限制了农村学生的教育发展。
解决城乡教育资源分配不均问题的办法:1. 加大投入: 政府应该增加对农村教育的投入，包括改善学校设施，提高教师待遇，优化教育资源的配置，确保城乡教育资源分配更加均衡。
2. 发展远程教育: 在边远地区，可以利用现代技术手段推广远程教育，让农村学生享受到同等的教育资源。
3. 加强协作: 城市学校可以与农村学校建立合作关系，共享教育资源、经验和信息，通过师资交流、远程教育等方式促进城乡教育一体化发展。
二、[教育内容和评价方法不合理，导致学生缺乏创造力。
请你以教育内容和评价方法为话题，解析教育内容和评价方法的问题:中国教育一直以来注重考试成绩和传统知识的灌输，这导致了学生在知识积累方面偏重而对创造力的培养不足。
教育内容缺乏多样性和实用性，无法满足学生发展多元化的需求。
评价方法更是以分数为主，忽视了学生的综合素养和能力培养。
改进教育内容和评价方法的措施:1. 引入多元化的教育内容: 为学生提供更多的选择，鼓励学生发展自己的兴趣和特长，开设实践性课程，培养学生的实践能力和创新精神。
2. 推行综合评价: 评价方法应该从单一的考试分数扩展到综合评价体系，包括学科考试成绩、学生综合素质评价、社会实践表现等多个方面，全面展示学生的能力和潜力。
全国高等教育自学考试英语(二)
全国高等教育自学考试英语（二）主讲人：胥国红北京航空航天大学主要内容•试卷分析和最新出题思路•重点语法•备考要诀及学习方法最新英语（二）试卷主观题统计数据考题满分平均分•单词拼写10 2.48•词形填空10 2.17•汉译英15 5。
53•英译汉15 10。
75•总分50 20.93最新出题思路（1)与课文的关系往年与课文有关的大题：第一、第四、第五和第六大题近年与课文有关的大题:第四和第六大题建议：熟读课文，掌握课文中的大纲词汇，特别留意课文中体现重点语法和经典句型的句子.（2) 与课文无关的大题：第二、第三、第七大题。
文章选材：主要涉及社会文化、风俗习惯、教育、历史、和生活常识等内容。
建议：广泛阅读此类题材的文章，最好是中英文对照版本。
推荐杂志：《英语沙龙》，《大学英语》，《英语学习》。
每道题的考点：第一题：词汇语法题主要考点：定语从句、名词性从句的引导词;状语从句的连接词；词汇辨析；固定搭配;常用句型。
近年来词汇题比重增加。
建议:通过学习教材上下册，熟练掌握基本语法，背熟大纲词汇，加强同义词、近义词、和形似词的比较，牢记固定搭配。
历年试题举例:1。
At the end of 1994 the British government introduced new measures to help____domestic workers from abuse by their employers。
[A］protect [B］suspect [C] expect [D]inspect Ａ2. I’m wondering why he hasn’t turned ___ at the meeting.[A］down ［B］up [C］out [D] over Ｂ3。
By using both ears one can tell the direction ___ a soundcomes。
［A］in which [B] from which[C] over which［D] with which Ｂ第二题：完型填空题主要考点:除了第一大题已提到的考点外，还注重考察介词、连词、副词、代词等虚词的用法.近年来词汇题比例有所增加。
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全国2009年1月高等教育自学考试
马克思主义基本原理概论试题
课程代码：03709
一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分）
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是最符合题目要求的。请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或
未选均无分。
1.在马克思主义理论体系中，科学社会主义是其（ ）
A.理论基础 B.核心内容
C.指导原则 D.前提条件
2.下列选项中不属于．．．马克思主义直接理论来源的是（ ）
A.德国古典哲学 B.法国启蒙思想
C.英国古典经济学 D.英法两国空想社会主义学说
3.对物质和意识哪个是第一性问题的不同回答，形成了哲学上的两大基本派别。这两大基本派别是（ ）
A.唯物主义和唯心主义 B.辩证法和形而上学
C.一元论和二元论 D.可知论和不可知论
4.马克思主义哲学认为，物质的唯一特性是（ ）
A.广延性 B.持续性
C.可知性 D.客观实在性
5.唯物辩证法的实质与核心是（ ）
A.内容和形式相互作用规律 B.否定之否定规律
C.对立统一规律 D.质量互变规律
6.人们正确发挥主观能动作用的根本途径是（ ）
A.认识客观规律 B.制定周密计划
C.依靠广大群众 D.参加社会实践
7.下列选项中，正确表述了认识的客体的含义的是（ ）
A.认识的客体是主体实践和认识的对象
B.认识的客体是主体创造出来的对象
C.认识的客体是一切客观事物
D.认识的客体是整个外部自然界
8.下列选项中，正确表述一个完整认识过程的是（ ）
A.感觉——知觉——表象 B.概念——判断——推理
C.实践——认识——实践 D.意识——物质——意识
9.一种理论是不是真理，根本之点是看它（ ）
A.是否与已有的理论相一致 B.是否与客观实际相一致
C.是否说得清楚明白 D.是否被大多数人承认
10.马克思主义把人类社会的发展划分为五种社会形态，这种划分法所依据的标准是（ ）
A.意识形态的不同性质 B.生产关系的不同性质
C.生产力的不同水平 D.人的发展的不同状况
11.生产方式是（ ）
A.地理环境和人口因素的统一 B.社会存在和社会意识的统一
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C.经济基础和上层建筑的统一 D.生产力和生产关系的统一
12.阶级斗争是阶级社会发展的（ ）
A.基本动力 B.最终动力
C.直接动力 D.唯一动力
13.社会革命的最深刻根源在于（ ）
A.社会基本矛盾的激化 B.先进思想的传播
C.英雄人物的组织 D.人口数量的增多
14.决定商品价值量的是（ ）
A.社会必要劳动时间 B.最多劳动时间
C.个别劳动时间 D.最少劳动时间
15.商品经济的基本经济规律是
A.自由竞争规律 B.追求垄断利润规律
C.货币流通规律 D.价值规律
l6.根据资本不同部分在剩余价值生产中的不同作用，可以把全部资本划分为（ ）
A.生产资本与商业资本 B.职能资本与货币资本
C.不变资本和可变资本 D.固定资本和流动资本
17.资本积累的源泉是（ ）
A.使用价值 B.剩余价值
C.价值 D.交换价值
18.下列选项中，属于君主立宪制类型的是（ ）
A.合议制和专制独裁制 B.合议制和二元君主制
C.议会君主制和二元君主制 D.专制独裁制和二元君主制
19.生产资料的购买时间属于（ ）
A.运输时间 B.劳动时间
C.非劳动时间 D.流通时间
20.资本主义不同生产部门之间的竞争会导致（ ）
A.社会必要劳动时间的变化 B.平均利润的形成
C.资本主义生产关系本质的变化 D.全社会的利润总量小于剩余价值总量
21.下列关于利息率的表述中不正确．．．的是（ ）
A.它的最低界限不能等于零
B.通常在平均利润率和零之间变动
C.由国家的习惯和法律传统决定
D.与平均利润率和企业利润率按相同比例变动
22.资本主义绝对地租形成的原因是（ ）
A.资本主义农业中的土地私有权垄断
B.资本主义农业中的土地经营权垄断
C.农业资本有机构成低于社会平均资本有机构成
D.土地肥沃程度及地理位置的差别
23.决定股票价格的基本因素是（ ）
A.股息和贷款利息率 B.股息和汇率
C.股息和存款利息率 D.存款利息率和贷款利息率
24.从资本形态来看，资本输出的形式主要是（ ）
A.借贷资本输出和商业资本输出 B.借贷资本输出和生产资本输出
C.商业资本输出和生产资本输出 D.借贷资本输出和职能资本输出
25.当代国际垄断组织保证其垄断统治和垄断利益的最主要形式是（ ）
A.卡特尔和托拉斯 B.辛迪加和托拉斯
C.跨国公司和国际垄断同盟 D.跨国公司和托拉斯
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26.当代资本主义所发生的许多新变化属于（ ）
A.资本主义生产方式的根本改变
B.资本主义生产关系性质的根本改变
C.资本主义总量变过程中的爆发式质变
D.资本主义总量变过程中的阶段性部分质变
27.提出并实施新经济政策的是（ ）
A.列宁 B.恩格斯
C.马克思 D.斯大林
28.马克思主义政党的最高纲领和最终奋斗目标是（ ）
A.建立社会主义制度 B.实现共产主义
C.成为社会主义事业的领导核心 D.使工人阶级成为统治阶级
29.世界上第一个社会主义国家是（ ）
A.波兰人民共和国 B.巴黎公社
C.苏维埃俄国 D.中华人民共和国
30.社会主义民主的本质是（ ）
A.人民当家作主 B.解放和发展生产力
C.消灭剥削和压迫 D.促进人的自由全面发展
二、多项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）
在每小题列出的四个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选、
少选或未选均无分。
31.下列选项中，说明要坚持适度原则的有（ ）
A.因地制宜 B.掌握火候
C.注意分寸 D.适可而止
32.实践是认识发展的动力，主要表现在（ ）
A.实践不断提出新的认识课题
B.实践不断为认识发展提供经验材料
C.实践不断为人们提供新的认识工具
D.实践不断提高人们的认识能力
33.经济基础对上层建筑的决定作用表现为，经济基础决定上层建筑的（ ）
A.产生 B.性质
C.具体特点 D.变化发展
34.人民群众推动历史发展的作用主要表现为（ ）
A.人民群众是物质财富的创造者
B.人民群众是精神财富的创造者
C.人民群众是实现社会变革的决定力量
D.人民群众可以随心所欲地创造历史
35.劳动力商品的价值包括（ ）
A.维持劳动者自身生存所必需的生活资料的价值
B.劳动者繁衍后代所必需的生活资料的价值
C.劳动者接受教育和训练所支出的费用
D.劳动者用于娱乐消费所支出的费用
36.社会资本简单再生产的实现条件有（ ）
A.I（v+m）=Ⅱc
B.I（c+v+m）=Ic+Ⅱc
C.Ⅱ（c+v+m）=I（v+m）+Ⅱ（v+m）
D.I（c+m）= Ⅱv
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37.社会主义的基本特征表现为（ ）
A.解放和发展生产力
B.建立和完善社会主义的生产资料公有制
C.以马克思主义为指导
D.实行按劳分配的原则
38.国家垄断资本主义的基本形式有（ ）
A.金融寡头
B.国家直接掌握的垄断资本
C.国家和私人资本在企业内部的结合
D.国家和私人资本在企业外部的结合
39.无产阶级革命的广泛性、彻底性和深刻性在于（ ）
A.它要消灭私有制，建立公有制
B.它最终要彻底消灭一切阶级剥削和阶级统治
C.它为绝大多数人谋利益
D.它的最终目标是实现共产主义，使人得到全面发展
40.共产主义为人的自由全面发展创造的有利条件有（ ）
A.劳动成为解放人而非奴役人的手段
B.劳动者成为生产资料的所有者
C.人们可以根据自己的意愿和社会需要自由选择职业
D.全民教育的普及使人们的潜能和爱好得到充分发挥
三、简答题（本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分）
41.简述马克思主义的根本理论特征。
42.简述意识的本质。
43.简述级差地租两种形态的形成条件及本质。
44.简述垄断利润及其来源。
45.简述实现共产主义需要具备的基本条件。
四、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）
46.试述科学技术是第一生产力。
47.试述相对剩余价值的生产过程。