潮汐能 tides and waves
专业英语四级(听写听力)模拟试卷124(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语四级（听写听力）模拟试卷124(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. DICTATIONPART I DICTATIONDirections: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.1．正确答案：New Renewable Energy Sources Scientists and engineers are constantly working / to make new renewable energy sources. / Three of the most promising are as follows. / The first one is tidal energy, / which exploits the power of tides to produce electricity. / Some tidal energy projects use the moving tides / to turn the blades of an engine. / Other projects use small dams to control the flow of water. / The next is wave energy, which uses waves from the ocean, lakes, or rivers. / Some wave energy projects use the same equipment that tidal energy projects do. / Other wave energy projects float directly on waves. / The water’s constant movement over and through the floating pieces of equipment can create electricity. / The last one is algae fuel, a type of energy / that uses the unique chemicals in seaweed to create a clean and renewable fuel. / And it does not require acres of crop land to get this kind of fuel. /解析：新的可再生能源科学家和工程师不断致力于开发出新的可再生能源。
潮汐的力量
潮汐的力量Tides are the rhythmic rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. This natural phenomenon is not only a spectacle of nature but also a powerful force that shapes our planet and influences human activities.The power of tides is immense, and it is a force to be reckoned with. Tidal forces can move massive amounts of water, creating currents that can be harnessed for energy. In fact, tidal energy is considered a form of renewable energy that is both sustainable and environmentally friendly. It is estimated that the energy potential from tides is enough to power a significant portion of the world's energy needs.Moreover, the gravitational pull that causes tides also influences the Earth's rotation. This interaction between the Earth and the moon has a stabilizing effect on our planet's axial tilt, which in turn affects our climate and seasons. Without the moderating influence of the tides, the Earth's climate could be much more extreme and unpredictable.Tides also play a crucial role in the coastal ecosystems. They create a dynamic environment that supports a diverse array of marine life. The intertidal zone, where the ocean meets the land, is particularly rich in biodiversity. Here, organisms must adapt to the constantly changing conditions brought on by the ebb and flow of the tides.However, the power of tides can also be destructive. Storm surges, which are abnormal rises in sea level during a storm, can be exacerbated by high tides, leading to flooding and damage to coastal areas. This is a growing concern as climate change leads to more frequent and severe weather events.In conclusion, the power of tides is a testament to the interconnectedness of our natural world. It is a force that can be harnessed for good, but also one that can bring about destruction. As we continue to explore ways to harness tidal energy and protect our coastal environments, we must also be mindful of the potential risks associated with this powerful force of nature.。
潮汐发电的原理英语作文
潮汐发电的原理英语作文Tidal power generation utilizes the energy of the rising and falling tides to produce electricity. Here is an overview of the principle behind this method of generating power.One of the key aspects of tidal power generation is the natural cycle of the tides. The gravitational forces of the moon and the sun cause the ocean waters to rise and fall in a predictable manner.The infrastructure for tidal power generation typically consists of turbines or other devices placed in areas with significant tidal variations. These turbines are designed to rotate as the water flows in and out.As the tide rises, the incoming water drives the turbines, generating electricity. When the tide recedes, the outgoing water continues to power the turbines in the opposite direction.The amount of electricity produced depends on various factors such as the size and strength of the tides, the efficiency of the power generation equipment, and the design of the facility.One of the advantages of tidal power is its predictability. The tides follow a regular cycle, allowing for better planning and management of the power generation process.However, there are also challenges associated with tidal power generation. The construction and maintenance of the infrastructure can be costly, and the availability of suitable sites may be limited.In addition, the impact on the local ecosystem needs to be carefully considered to ensure minimal disturbance to marine life and the surrounding environment.Overall, tidal power offers a promising source of renewable energy that can contribute to a more sustainable future.。
The Power of Tides
The Power of TidesThe power of tides is a natural phenomenon that has been around for millions of years. The tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun on the Earth's oceans. This pull causes the water to move in a rhythmic pattern, creating waves and currents that can be harnessed for energy. The power of tides is a renewable energy source that has the potential to provide a significant amount of electricity to homes and businesses around the world. In this essay, we will explore the power of tides from multiple perspectives.From an environmental perspective, the power of tides is a clean and renewable energy source. Unlike fossil fuels, which emit harmful greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, tidal energy produces no pollution or emissions. This means that it has the potential to significantly reduce our carbon footprint and help mitigate the effects of global warming. Additionally, tidal energy has a low impact on the environment. Unlike hydroelectric dams, which can disrupt river ecosystems and harm fish populations, tidal energy devices can be designed to have minimal impact on marine life. This makes tidal energy a sustainable and eco-friendly energy source.From an economic perspective, the power of tides has the potential to create jobs and stimulate economic growth. The development and deployment of tidal energy devices require skilled workers, engineers, and scientists. This means that the tidal energy industry could create new jobs and stimulate economic growth in coastal communities. Additionally, tidal energy has the potential to reduce our dependence on foreign oil and gas, which can help stabilize energy prices and reduce our trade deficit. This makes tidal energy an attractive investment for governments and businesses looking for sustainable and profitable energy sources.From a technological perspective, the power of tides presents unique challenges and opportunities. Unlike wind and solar energy, which are intermittent and variable, tidal energy is predictable and consistent. This means that tidal energy devices can be designedto produce a steady and reliable source of electricity. However, tidal energy devices must also be designed to withstand the harsh marine environment, including strong currents, waves, and corrosion. This requires innovative engineering solutions and advancedmaterials. Additionally, tidal energy devices must be designed to minimize their impact on marine life and ecosystems. This requires a deep understanding of marine biology and ecology.From a social perspective, the power of tides can have both positive and negative impacts on communities. The development and deployment of tidal energy devices can create new jobs and stimulate economic growth in coastal communities. However, tidal energy devices can also disrupt traditional fishing and boating activities, which can negatively impact local communities. Additionally, the construction and operation of tidal energy devices can have visual and noise impacts on coastal landscapes, which can affect the quality of life for nearby residents. Therefore, it is important for developers and policymakers to engage with local communities and stakeholders to ensure that tidal energy projects are designed and implemented in a socially responsible manner.In conclusion, the power of tides is a renewable energy source with the potential to provide clean and reliable electricity to homes and businesses around the world. From an environmental perspective, tidal energy is a sustainable and eco-friendly energy source. From an economic perspective, tidal energy has the potential to create jobs and stimulate economic growth. From a technological perspective, tidal energy presents unique challenges and opportunities. From a social perspective, tidal energy can have both positive and negative impacts on communities. Therefore, it is important for developers and policymakers to work together with local communities and stakeholders to ensure that tidal energy projects are designed and implemented in a socially responsible manner.。
潮流英语怎么说
潮流英语怎么说潮流的英语：tide ; trend ; tideway。
例句：我们必须顺应新的世界潮流。
We should be naturalized to the new tide of the world.例句：1. 我们必须顺应新的世界潮流。
We should be naturalized to the new tide of the world.2. 凡是逆历史潮流而动的人，都没有好下场。
Whoever goes against the tide of history will come to no good end.3. 但是突然之间，就像在诉讼中常常发生的那样，潮流转向了。
But at that point, as often happens in litigation, the tide turned.4. 当然，我在工作中观察那些优秀的人，然后跟随他的潮流。
Naturally, I watch the best people at work and keep up with the trends.5. 那么多重要的机构有赖于公民独立思考的能力，有赖于他们抗拒最新潮流或泡沫的能力。
So many essential institutions depend on the ability of citizens to think for themselves, to resist the latest trend or bubble.6. 就象风能涡轮机靠气流来驱动一样，潮汐能涡轮机是靠水流来驱动的，将潮流或深海洋流转化为电能。
Like wind turbines, but powered by the flow of water instead of the flow of air, tidal power turbines transform tides or deep ocean currents into electricity.。
The Potential of Wave and Tidal Energy Resources
The Potential of Wave and Tidal EnergyResourcesWave and tidal energy resources have been gaining increased attention in recent years due to their immense potential as renewable sources of energy. With the growing concern over climate change and the need to transition to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources, wave and tidal energy offer a promising solution.Wave energy is generated by the power of ocean waves, which are continuously produced by the wind. Tidal energy, on the other hand, is generated by the natural rise and fall of tides. Both of these forms of energy are abundant and predictable, making them a reliable source of renewable energy.One of the key advantages of wave and tidal energy resources is their consistency. Unlike solar and wind energy, which are intermittent and dependent on weather conditions, wave and tidal energy can be consistently generated regardless of the time of day or weather conditions. This reliability makes wave and tidal energy an attractive option for meeting the energy needs of communities and industries.Another advantage of wave and tidal energy is their high energy density. The power contained in a small volume of water is significantly higher than that of other renewable energy sources, making wave and tidal energy more efficient in terms of space utilization. This high energy density also means that wave and tidal energy can potentially generate large amounts of electricity, making them a valuable resource for meeting the increasing demand for energy.Furthermore, wave and tidal energy are considered to be environmentally friendly. Unlike fossil fuels, which produce greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to air and water pollution, wave and tidal energy produce no harmful emissions. This makes wave and tidal energy a clean and sustainable alternative to traditional sources of energy, helping to reduce the impact of global warming and protect the environment.In addition to their environmental benefits, wave and tidal energy resources also have the potential to create economic opportunities. The development of wave and tidal energy technologies can create jobs and stimulate local economies, particularly in coastal regions where these resources are abundant. Furthermore, investing in wave and tidal energy can help reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, leading to greater energy security and independence.Despite the numerous advantages of wave and tidal energy, there are still challenges that need to be addressed in order to fully harness their potential. One of the main challenges is the high initial costs of developing wave and tidal energy projects. The installation of wave and tidal energy devices and infrastructure can be expensive, requiring significant investment. However, as technology advances and economies of scale are achieved, the cost of wave and tidal energy is expected to decrease, making it more competitive with traditional energy sources.Another challenge is the potential impact of wave and tidal energy on marine ecosystems. The installation of wave and tidal energy devices can disrupt marine habitats and affect wildlife, particularly marine mammals and fish. It is important for developers to conduct thorough environmental assessments and mitigation measures to minimize these impacts and ensure the sustainable development of wave and tidal energy projects.In conclusion, wave and tidal energy resources have great potential to become a significant contributor to the global energy mix. With their reliability, high energy density, environmental benefits, and economic opportunities, wave and tidal energy offer a sustainable and clean alternative to traditional sources of energy. By overcoming the challenges and investing in research and development, we can unlock the full potential of wave and tidal energy resources and help build a more sustainable future for generations to come.。
第11章、潮汐与潮流
潮汐产生的原动力： 天体引潮力
最主要的是月引潮力 ，其次是太阳引潮力 航海中研究潮汐的理论依据： 平衡潮理论
平衡潮理论(静力学)假设 （一）整个地球被等深的大洋所覆盖，所有自 然地理因素对潮汐不起作用 （二）海水没有惯性力和摩擦力 ，外力使海 水在任何时候都处于平衡状态
第一册：中国渤海和黄海沿岸，从鸭绿江至长江口。 第二册：中国东海沿岸，从长江口至台湾海峡。 第三册：中国南海沿岸及诸岛，从台湾海峡至北部湾。 第四册：太平洋及邻近海域。 第五册：印度洋沿岸（含地中海）及欧洲水域。 第六册：大西洋沿岸及非洲东海岸。
主要内容：①主港潮汐预报表：
刊载各主港的逐日高、低潮 高和潮时以及部分 港口的逐时潮高
②潮流预报表 ③差比数和潮信表：
中版《潮汐表》中的差比数 是指主、副港间的 高、低潮时差、潮差比、改正值 ；潮信资料包括平 均大、小潮升、平均高（低）潮间隙、平均海面资 料
④其他：
《格林尼治月中天时刻表》、《部分港口潮高订正 值表》、《东经120°月中天时刻表（北京标准 时)》、《月赤纬表（世界时0时）》以及梯形图 卡，后三卷还有“地名索引”
使用注意事项：
1、中版《潮汐表》中潮时是当地标准时，我国港口都用的是 北京时，国外港口标准时在每页左下脚有说明。
2、中版《潮汐表》预报潮时误差量在一般情况下为0~30分钟； 潮高的误差为20~30厘米。
3、有台风，寒潮，气旋，降水，结冰，气压急剧变化等现象 发生时，实际水位会发生较大变化引起《潮汐表》误差较 大，如台风会引起“增水” ，寒潮会引起 “减水”，长 江口 附近春季气旋入海会引起潮汐预报值与实际值相差较大。
英版潮汐潮流中流速前的正负号是指涨潮流的流向和落潮流的流向正负号代表的具体流向在表中有说明正号一般代表落潮流向负号一般代表落潮流向本章结束高潮间隙低潮间隙小潮差大潮差小潮升大潮升山高月中天低潮时高潮时海图水深mhws平均大潮高潮面mhwn平均小潮高潮面msl平均海面mlwn平均小潮低潮面mlws平均大潮低潮面cdtd海底潮汐术语示意图编号m2平均海面潮汐性质东经北纬厘米厘米厘米辽宁省1001丹东124244007大连0037020310725103305483022440261500521002三道浪头124204002大连0014011016113094104554573880252500411003沙子沟124163957大连0120002620412083503195914660143200341004124123953大连0143005620516081202496214940113500381005丹东新缸124113950大连01250107216083002386305150053590321006西水道内124053947大连0129011521117082602306325040043600311007西水道外124013946大连0137012320514081802225804640043200301008石山子123403958大连0005012110628100005063372850212000561009123453945081902175734650043320361010大孤山123333946大连010401061941508520239538454300032差比数和潮信表部分平均海面msl潮高与水深示意图cdtd任意时海面海图水深实际水深海底地转偏向力
Tidal_Energy潮汐发电
▫ High spring tides occur when the sun and moon line up with the earth. This occurs whether they are either on same or opposite side. ▫ Low neap tides occur when the sun and moon line up at 90 ͦ to each other.
•Located in Orkney, Scotland. Comprises an area of 975 km2 and 70 islands. •Orkney Islands could generate 18,000 GW h per year. •Operational since 2005. •Test center for full-scale grid-connected prototypes of tidal current turbines. •Monitor impact on the environment. •/ti dal_devices.asp
▫
•
The EuropeanMarine Energy Centre
Tidal current turbines
• Extracts kinetic energy from moving water generated by tides. • Operate during flood and ebb tides. • Consists of a rotor, gearbox, and a generator. These three parts are mounted onto a support structure. There are three main types: ▫ Gravity structure ▫ Piled structure ▫ Floating structure
大学精读第二册课文第五单元
The V illain in the Atmosphere （大气层中的恶棍）The villain in the atmosphere is carbon dioxide.大气层中的恶棍乃是二氧化碳。
It does not seem to be a villain. It is not very poisonous and it is present in the atmosphere in so small a quantity — only 0.034 percent — that it does us no harm.二氧化碳看上去不像一个恶棍。
它毒性不大，在大气层中的含量极小——只占0.034％——不会对我们造成任何伤害。
What's more, that small quantity of carbon dioxide in the air is essential to life. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and convert it into their own tissue, which serve as the basic food supply for all of animal life (including human beings, of course). In the process they liberate oxygen, which is also necessary for all animal life.再者，空气中的那一点点二氧化碳对生命至关重要。
植物吸收二氧化碳并将其转化成它们自己的组织，充当所有动物（当然也包括人类）的基本食物供给。
在这一过程中，植物释放氧气，而氧气又是所有动物生命所不可缺少的。
close4RT But here is what this apparently harmless and certainly essential gas is doing to us:然而，这一看上去无害而且无疑又必不可少的气体却正在对我们产生影响。
TidalPower潮汐能（剑雅9）
TidalPower潮汐能（剑雅9）Tidal PowerUndersea turbines which produce electricity from the tides are set to become an important source of renewable energy for Britain. It is still too early to predict the extent of the impact they may have, but all signs are that they will play a significant role in the future.A.Operating on the same principle as wind turbines, the power in the sea turbines comes from tidal currents which turn blades similar t o ships’propellers,but, unlike wind, the tides are predictable and the power input is constant. The technology raises the prospect of Britain becoming self sufficient in renewable energy and drastically reducing its carbon dioxide emissions. If tide, wind and wave power are all developed, Britain would be able to close gas, coal and nuclear power plants and export renewable power to other parts of Europe. Unlike wind power, which Britain originally developed and then abandoned for 20 years allowing the Dutch to make it a major industry, undersea turbines could become a big export earner to island nations such as Japan and New Zealand.B.Tidal sites have already been identified that will produce one sixth or more of UK’s power--and at price competitive with modern gas turbines and undercutting those of the already ailing nuclear industry. One site alone, the Pentland Firth, between Orkney and mainland Scotland, could produce 10% of the country’s electricity with banks of turbines under the sea, and another at Alderney in the Channel Islands three times the 1200 megawatts of Britain’s largest and newest nuclear plant, Sizewell B, in Suffolk. Other sites identified include the BristolChannel and the west coast of Scotland, particularly the channel between Campbeltown and Northern Ireland.C.Work on designs for the new turbine blades and sites are well advanced at the University of Southampton’s sustainable energy research group. The first station is expected to be installed off Lynmouth in Devon shortly to test the technology in a venture jointly funded by the department of Trade and Industry and the European Union. AbuBakr Bahaj, in charge of the Southampton research, said: ‘The prospects for energy from tidal currents are far better than from wind because the flows of water are predictable and constant. The technology for dealing with the hostile saline environment under the sea has been developed in the North Sea oil industry and much is already known about turbine blade design, because of wind power and ship propellers. There are a few technical difficulties, but I believe in the next five to ten years we will be installing commercial marine turbine farms.’ Southampton has been awarded ￡215,000 over three years to develop the turbines and is working with Marine Current Turbines, a subsidiary of IT power, on the Lynmouth project. EU research has now identified 106 potential sites for tidal power, 80% round the coasts of Britain. The best sites are between islands or around heavily indented coasts where there are strong tidal currents.D.A marine turbine blade needs to be only one third of the size of a wind generator to produce three times as much power. The blades will be about 20 meters in diameter, so around 30 meters of water is required. Unlike wind power, there are unlikely to be environmental objections. Fish and other creatures are thought unlikely to be at risk from the relatively slow-turning blades. The towers will stick out of the water and be lit, to warnshipping, and also be designed to be lifted outof the water for maintenance and to clean seaweed from the blades.E.Dr Bahaj has done most work on the Alderney site, where there are powerful currents. The single undersea turbine farm would produce far more power than needed for the Channel Islands and most would be fed into the French Grid and be re-imported into Britain via the cable under the Channel.F.One technical difficulty is cavitation, where low pressure behind a turning blade causes air bubbles. These can cause vibration and damage the blades of the turbines. Dr Bahaj said: ‘We have to test a number of blade types to avoid this happening or at least make sure it does not damage the turbines or reduce performance. Another slight concern is submerged debris floating into blades. So far we do not know how much of a problem it might be. We will have to make the turbines robust because the sea is a hostile environment, but all the signs that we can do it are good.’。
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reservoirs). Machinery able to exploit wave
power is generally known as a wave energy converter (WEC).
Waves
Tides
What causes tides?
3
Gravitational pull on the earth.
Tides
What causes tides?
3
This results in higher high tides and lower
low tides.
Tides
characteristics
二级目录
Waves
What are wave?
A wave is a rhythmic movement that carries energy through matter or space.
Waves
Main parts
All waves have the same main parts: Still-water line:静水线 the level of the ocean if it was flat without any waves. Crest:波峰 the highest part of the wave
二级目录
Waves and tides
Disadvantages
6) Frozen sea, low or weak tides, straight shorelines, low tidal
rise or fall are some of the obstructions.
7) This technology is still not cost effective and more technological advancements are required to make it commercially viable. 8) Usually the places where tidal and wave energy are
Main parts
All waves have the same main parts:
Waves
Main parts
All waves have the same main parts:
Waves
What causes waves?
1
Most ocean waves are caused by wind that
Waves
Wave energy
Wave energy is the transport of energy
1
by ocean surface waves, and the capture of
that energy to do useful work – for
example, electricity generation water
above the still-water line. Trough:波谷 the lowest part of the wave below the still-water line.
Waves
Main parts
All waves have the same main parts:
Waves
2
do not. The water particles move in a circular pattern as they are temporarily displaced by the energy of the wave. Transfer of energy A wave is really a transfer of energy from one water molecule the to next. If all the water itself moved forward all the oceans would empty onto the shore.
二级目录
Tides
What is tide?
Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by
the combined effects of the gravitational forces
exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation
Characteristics:
Sea level rises over several hours,
covering the intertidal zone; flood tide. The water rises to its highest level, reaching high tide. Sea level falls over several hours, revealing the intertidal zone; ebb tide. The water stops falling, reaching low tide.
produced are far away from the places where it is consumed.
This transmission is expensive and difficult.
二级目录
Wave energy
Modern technology
1
Waves and tides
Advantages
Disadvantages
二级目录
Waves and tides
Advantages
1) they are inexhaustible sources of energy.
2) they are environment friendly energy and don't produce greenhouse gases. 3) As 71% of Earth’s surface is covered by water, there is scope to generate this energy on large scale. 4) As for tides, we can predict the rise and fall as they follow cyclic fashion. 5) Efficiency of them is far greater as compared to coal, solar or wind energy. their efficiency is around 80%.
of the Earth.
Tides
What causes tides?
1
The moon, being nearest, has the greatest
effect even though the sun is the larger of the
two.
High tides are generated on sides of the earth
blows across the surface of the water.
Friction between the wind and water
transfer energy from the wind to the water.
Waves
What causes waves?
Wave movement The wave travels forward, but the water particles
二级目录
Waves and tides
Advantages
6) Although cost of construction is high but maintenance costs are relatively low. 7) Tidal and wave Energy don’t require any kind of fuel to run. 8) The life of energy power plant is very long. 9) The energy density of energy is relatively higher than other renewable energy sources.
Group members: Wu Aizhen 3112011089 Diao Lizhu Wang Yue 3112011178
CONTENTS
Tides
Waves
Good points and bad points
Tides
What is tides?
characteristics
What causes tides?
二级目录
Waves and tides
Disadvantages
1) Cost of construction of power plants is high.
2) There are very few ideal locations for construction of plant and they too are localized to coastal regions only. 3) Intensity of sea waves is unpredictable and there can be damage to power generation units. 4) Influences aquatic life adversely and can disrupt migration of fish. 5) The actual generation is for a short period of time. The tides only happen twice a day so electricity can be produced only for that time.