超详细完整版托福写作笔记，提升托福写作成绩
托福综合写作干货小技巧
托福综合写作干货小技巧为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理一些托福考试作文小技巧，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
托福综合写作干货小技巧.托福综合写作是个很冲突的部分：由于在写作前，有阅读和听力两个部分供应足够的参考信息，看上去简洁;但是又由于信息的庞杂，要求考生对信息进行整理写作，又给考生造成了困难。
对于托福综合写作，有哪些技巧可以把握呢?托福综合写作一般技巧1.短文阅读还是听力中讲演部分都必需要做笔记。
2.短文与讲演虽然是同一主题，但内容肯定有所不同，甚至观点相左。
3.作文中总结短文和讲演的观点时，不要仅仅把所看到的和所听到的简洁地复制。
而是尽可能地使用自身语言来表达，比如使用同义词，转变句子结构等。
这样不但可以显示对短文和讲演的理解程度，而且也呈现应用英文的力量。
4.尽量完整地总结出短文和讲演中的主要信息，并进行综合。
如有必要，还要将短文和讲演中的不同观点进行比较。
5. 除非特地要求，不要发表自己的观点，只是进行客观的总结。
这一点与.型的作文恰恰相反。
应对托福综合写作阅读部分：关键词阅读英美人写文章的总体规律可以概括为总分或总分总。
托福综合写作的阅读材料多为总分布局，且多为四段式。
首段主要用来供应背景信息或者提出话题，而的立场或论点多位于首段的最终一句，聪慧的考生会把留意力多集中于首段的尾句，确定的立论点，从而对于下一阶段的听力大致话题和论述做到心中有底。
随后的段落即绽开给出之所以立论的三个分论点或论据，在单个的段落当中，又遵循了西方人惯有的总分模式，单个段落的首句多为主旨句，考生可以只关注三个段落的首句以快速猎取段落主要内容，从而避开全文通读速度不够而导致的来不及看完阅读。
应对托福综合写作听力部分：记录观点和论据听力环节的笔记是打算综合写作能否顺当完成的关键因素。
为了增加笔记的可用性，要知道听力该记什么。
听力的开头段是表明说话者立场和论点，需要记录，接下来一般和阅读相像，说话者会从三个方面阐述支持自己的观点，许多状况下，这三点和阅读中的三点是刚好契合，一一对应的。
TPO小站托福备考系列：分阶段提升作文水平
TPO小站托福备考系列：分阶段提升作文水平根据TPO小站一线老师的反馈，很多学员对于托福作文备考的抱怨都集中在：时间不够、各方面都要加强手忙脚乱、组织不出好的语句等。
相信这些问题也同样存在于广大托福考生中。
在此，TPO小站写作金牌总监老师提醒大家：托福作文的备考不能眉毛胡子一把抓，无计划地盲目苦练，到头来只会造成每个环节都薄弱，都没有彻底攻克。
TPO小站的Pacific老师给大家提供了一套分阶段的备考方式，以供大家参考。
前期：重结构，强化写作训练从托福作文备考初期开始，就应该累积词汇和短语，这个自然是不必多说了。
相信只要是在备考托福的学生，都应该知道词汇的重要性。
而对于写作来说，除了词汇以外，学会结构建设也是基础中的基础。
一般在托福作文考题中，会有观点对比型、支持反对型、观点选择型、问题分析型等题型。
想要在短期内适应托福的作文，就要针对这些可能在考试出现的题型进行结构模式化的写作训练。
中期：练语句，优化内容描述在熟悉了托福写作的结构化训练后，学生应该在每次拿到题目时，会在短时间内构建出文件的架构，并列出文章的分论点。
那么，这时我们就应该把中心集中在内容的建设中，因为精彩的语言描述，可以让托福作文有得分更高的机会。
在托福作文的用句中，TPO小站建议大家要尝试学会多样化。
在例证内容的描述中，要求大家清晰、明了的说清整件事。
但这并不是说全文都用简单句来写，只有复杂句和简单句合理交叉出现在全文中，才能让文章更显地道，更具优势。
后期：看范文，主要考前强化临近备考的时候，练习的重点应该是“宜精不宜多”。
TPO小站建议大家拿起之前写过的文章再次回顾一下。
同时，也推荐大家可以在网上找些范文，和自己的文章做些对比，找找差异，反复修改，在最短的时间内吸收经典范文的精华。
当然，每个人都有属于自己的特殊情况，比如有些人单词量很丰富，却语法薄弱；而有些人英语整体水平都很高，却没有表达思路。
在托福备考过程中，还是要根据自身情况作出合理的时间规划。
新东方托福冲刺精讲班笔记吐血
Listening1.开头——复习+主旨例外：①课堂复习——不考标志过去时态开始标志：now,today, OK, while②老师道歉③归纳法的开头,先给出例子,再给出结论--记例子的主体&论点2.结尾——推断+细节3.注意重复的细节与观点4.举例——记例子主体,注意提示词5.定义解释——其中的关系6.注意可以的停顿7.注意课堂引导词——remember now OK while imagine today8.讲课中的问答9.因果关系10.听清层次——firstly secondly...11.注意转折12.Listen again 专业术语不变避免原词重复Speaking notesQ1&Q2To start with I believe most of people would choose... However i would like to choose...today i have two arguments to supports to support my idea.Today i mainly have one important argument to back up my ideaTake me for example... For instance... For exampleFurthermore what's moreTo summarize to conclude all in allBased on the two points i have already mentioned ...will always be my choice...Q31.The school wants/plans to doThe school policy is...The school wants to carry out a policy which is...2.sb suggests/advises that the university should stop do...3.In the conversation, the man disagrees, and he has two pointsIn the listening material, the man agree with the policy because of the following reasons...4.First, the school think, however the man think...Second...Based on the two points the man disagree.Q4In this set of material, the reading passage introduce a theory/principle/definition...which meanssuggests that...In the lecture, the professor uses/gives us/provides us/offers us one/two examples to explain/illustrate/demonstrate/clarify this theory.The first is about...The second is ...Q51.time conflict①to find sb else to replace/take place of youto find sb to help him②drop, give up,cancel one of the plans③reschedulePut off, delay, postpone,to find another day to do.Do/finish...before...④ask for extension/extra days/putting off the dead line2.course is not available①to take the same/similar course next semester②take it in another school③choose the graduate lessonQ6The lecture is about/the topic is about...The professor mainly talked about ...According to the lecture...In this listening material the professor explain...All in all/in conclusion...Tips1.DefinitionThe term ...is defined as..The definition of the term is...2.ResultThe/it result turn out to be...pareIn the experiment, students are divided into two groups.The first group is... In the second group the situation is totally different/is on the contrary.Writing一、Heading一方案1凸显主题引述观点我的立场1.凸显主题①As is often the case, Under many circumstances,Currently / In contemporary society, +X/ the issue of X+is widely discussed.is so much concerned that it has aroused a wide discussion.is much concerned to a point where a wide discussion has been aroused. is much concerned at such a degree that a wide discussion has beenaroused.is much/ widely discussed to a point where a deep contemplation has been aroused.②so…that…He is so 2 that he is used to running outside at cold winter mid-night with nothing on.= subj+ v. + adj. / ved. + to a / the point whereHe is 2 to a point where he is used to running outside at cold winter mid-night with nothing on.= subj+ v. + adj. /ved. + at such a degree that…He is 2 at such a degree that…2.引述观点againstSome people maintain/ hold that it is …that…A few people hold the opinion that…One point is that…One perspective is that…One conventional idea/ acceptance / view / notion is that…forA common belief is that…A prevailing notion/ acceptance is that…题目核心名词不动题目中观点的方向不动3.我的立场程度+ 态度①程度to large extent,at large degree,on large scale,②态度I agree with this opinion.I am on the side of this claim / assumption / assertionI side with this claim.I stand with this claim.I would nod in agreement with this claim.I lean toward this claim.I disagree with this opinion.I am on the opposite side of this claim.I side on the opposite.I stand against this claim.I would cast doubt on this claim.I would frown on this claim.全局Currently, the issue of X is much concerned to a point where a wide discussion has been aroused. Some people maintain that it is … that…. To large extent, however, I am on the opposite side of this claim. 二方案2一分钟快捷法：Some people hold / maintain that…I reckon/ deem thatagainstSome people maintain that…. To large extent, however, I am on the opposite side of this claim and reckon that it assumes a distorted and narrow view.forA prevailing acceptance is that…. To large extent, I am on theside of this claim and reckon that it sensible and rational. Body structureBody+support+strong二、基本思路框架：一1.让步Concede：客观性—题目观点有点道理To begin with, I have to concede that…2.主旨段1：分析—题目观点/言论谬误NeverthelessNonethelessthe claim—problematicAttention: 探讨论点 > 议论话题3.主旨段2:推理—后果严重,危害巨大At last, the influence—negative4.其他备选思路Optional 1: 可行性欠佳not feasibleOptional 2: 效用差ineffectiveOptional 3: 当A>B时,支持弱者B is also significantOptional 4：当题目中X is the …est,质疑“最”X is not the …est. Optional 5：因果关系不合理No direct relation between A and B二中心句：1 .让步To begin with, I have to admit that…To begin with, it is undisputable that…First of all, I have to concede that X, at some / certain degree, is/ can…First of all, I have to concede that doing some writing, at certain degree,is beneficial与题目立场一致.限制级让步—避免喧宾夺主…, to some / certain extent,……, at some/ certain degree,……, on some/ specific occasions,….…, in particular / certain cases, ……, under some / particular circumstances,……, theoretically speaking,……, in short-terms,…… is/ can somewhat…… is/ can relatively…2. against1—分析：题目观点谬误本质使然驳斥言论>质疑话题Nevertheless, X/ the assumption that…is not immune to several defects, which makes this claim / assertion open to question.Nevertheless, X/ the assumption that… is not immune to several defects, which degrades this claim as problematic / misrepresentative. Nevertheless, the assumption that… is also contaminated with several defects/ irrationalities, which degrades this claim as problematic / misrepresentative.Do—undertake Be engaged inTip:下定义A isB B=n. –A functionA serves asB / A functions as BFriends serve as companionships.media serve as sources of influence.作判断A is B B=adj. / n.A is accepted / acknowledged as BThis proposal is accepted as beneficial.This proposal, to large extent, is accepted as beneficial.3. against2—推理：后果很严重/危害巨大effect vs influenceNegative influence—destructive consequencesdisastrous consequencesAt last, the consequences/ misleading of…would be negative / destructive / pernicious.At last, the consequences/ misleading that … is expected to bring about would turn out to be destructive.4.其他备选思路中心句Option1: 这样做不可行 feasible = viable--It is not feasible the feasibility of … is open to question.--It is not viable the viability of… is open to question.The feasibility/ viability of … is vulnerable to any question or challenge.… can hardly be converted from blueprint into reality.… can merely rest on the blueprint.Option1 效果欠佳--切断联系Step1 It can not solve this problemStep2 It fails to offer solutions to this problem.Step3For 建议This proposal / solution/ approach/ X is awkward in serving as a key to….For 结论This definition/ conclusion/ X is awkward in serving as a reference for...PracticeThis proposal / solution/ approach/ X is awkward in serving as a key to….Option2: B重要 for A>B 话题B is of great significance for …Great significance for…is closely attached to B--Great significance for the rise of a nation is closely attached to the promotion of education.--Great significance for leading a healthy life is closely attached to the preservation of environment.--Great significance for the duty of celebrities is closely attached to the participation of social services.Option4: X并非最佳There is no point to claim that X serves as the best/ ultimate/ the most approved solution / definition.It is groundless to assert that…serve as—function asOption5: 因果关系不合理There is no direct causal relation between A and BThis claim suffers from a fallacy of causal oversimplification.This assumption/ assertion fails to establish a causal relation betweenA and B.三、Body一1.让步First of all/ to begin with, I have to concede that X, at certain degree, is beneficial / is effective.2.观点谬误Nevertheless, the assumption that… is not immune to several defects, which makes this claim/ assumption / assertion open to question. Nevertheless, the assumption that… is also contaminated with several irrationalities, which degrades this claim as problematic / misrepresentative.3 .后果严重At last, the consequences / the misleading that X is expected to bring about would turn out to be destructive. / disastrous/ pernicious.4.可行性欠佳The feasibility / viability of X is vulnerable to any question or challenge.5. Ineffective即使有结果,也很难达到目的for 建议类话题To carry the idea further, this proposal / solution/ approach is awkward in serving as a key that guarantees the effectiveness and efficiency.for 定义/结论类话题To carry the idea further, this definition/ conclusion is awkward in serving as a convincing reference that can offer objective and accurate / reliable / trustworthy guidance.6. not the best/ --est for 最…话题There is no point to claim that... serves as the best/ ultimate/ the most approved solution / definition.7. 挽救B—B重要 for A>B 话题Great significance is also supposed to be attached to B.8. 因果关系不能建立This claim suffers from a fallacy of causal oversimplification.First of all, I have to concede that…, at some / certain degree, is/ can…For one thing, X, on some occasions, is/ can…For the other, it is/ can also somewhat/ relatively…, on the ground that…, for the reason that…, for the sake that…First of all, I have to concede that doing some writing, at certain degree, is beneficial. For one thing, such exercises, on some occasions, contribute to promoting writing skills. For the other, writing can somewhat sharpen the mind.二方案1—双论据论点First of all, I have to concede that X, on certain occasions, is beneficial. 论据1For one thing, X serves as 是什么 through which 作用/效果论据2For the other, X also contributes to/ X is also effective in人例case of/ the case concerning … serves as an example/ evidence / an evident example which, to large extent, can support / solidify /consolidate my claim that it is… that…事例the personal experience of … serves as an example / evidence that/ which can largely consolidate/lend credible support to my claim that…方案2—单论据论点First of all, I have to concede that X, on certain occasions, is beneficial, CS2. against1—本质不好i Nevertheless, the inherited/intrinsic /inborn defect of X can largelyundermine the claim/ assumption that….ii Nevertheless, X/ the conclusion that…/ the proposal that… is not immune to several defects, which makes this claim/ assumption / assertion open to question.Nevertheless, X/ the conclusion that…/ the proposal that… is not immune to several defects, which degrades this claim as problematic /misrepresentative.For 建议类话题：复杂任务简单化As is often the case, / Under many circumstances,/ As a matter of fact, 待解决之问题/达成之目标 is acknowledged as a complicated task/ project/ cause whose solution involves/ requires a combination/ joint of efforts on both the internal and external layers and cannot possibly be tackled/ accomplished by XAs is often the case, 待介定之事物 is acknowledged as a complicated phenomenon / concept/ existence whose definition involves/ requires/ concerns a combination of elements / factors on both the subjective and objective layers and cannot possibly be defined by highlighting X.数据With reference for a survey by International …, % of the people / respondents between and in European countries / . claimed that…With reference for a survey by International …, % of the people / respondents between 15 and 65 in European countries / . claimed that X is the last option employed to…With reference for a survey by International …, %of the people / respondents between 15 and 65 in European countries / . had gloomy views over the effectiveness / the prospect of XAccording to a survey by International Deserts , the deserts all over the world are extending at a rate of 250 football fields every 3 hours.实事—caseThe case concerning … serves as an example/ evidence / an evident example which can, to large extent, support/ solidify/ justify / reinforce / bolster / consolidate my claim that…人例—personal experienceThe personal experience concerning … serves as an evident example which can largely consolidate my claim that…Optional结论/建议未必适用于所有情形无视个案差异… is not unexceptionally acceptable… is not undisputable all the time / under any circumstances The other flaw is that the validation of the view presented in this topic is not universally self evident. On occasions that…,/ On conditions that… , the utmost significance is supposed to be attached to X, whereas when this prerequisite/ the condition removes, the emphasis/ focus would also be switched to other….Tip: 本段质疑言论的组织架构：言论谬误The assumption/ assertion that… is problematic.谬误/漏洞1—复杂的事物被简化X复杂,解决/定义需要诸多 a combination of 努力 efforts/ 因素elements谬误/漏洞2—观点的合理性是有条件的X 不总正确not universally self-evident, 只有在…条件下,on conditions that…, 才合理,否则就不行X has been proved to be the most effective …/ the best …Any other efforts / possibilities have been proved to be vain attempts X has been proved to be the most effective …/ the best … that can ruleout any other …X enjoys the widest preference后果很严重At last, the consequences/ influence of… is negative / destructive / pernicious.At last, the consequences that X is expected to bring about would turn out to be destructive.子论据1：负面影响+小的个体 individual 大到整体 society/ system/ industry One point that is worth of mentioning is that…The negative influence of X would be infectious.The negative influence of X would result in a series of chain reaction. The negative influence of X would give rise to Domino Effect/ Butterfly Effect.it can inevitably endanger/ jeopardize both the individual… and the whole society/ industry/ system.The negative influence of X would be infectious, which can inevitably jeopardize / endanger both the individual… and the whole…子论据2：弊大于利To carry the idea further,Other than that,In addition, advantages vs. disadvantagesthe disadvantages outweigh the advantages.= the advantages are outweighed by the disadvantages.the disadvantages overshadow the advantages.= the advantages are overshadowed by the disadvantages.Advantages:The expected/ the foreseeable benefits and opportunities / solutions…can offerFor conclusion The expected reference and guidance … can offer Disadvantages:the potential risks and uncertainties … can incurFor conclusion--the potential confusions and misleading … can incurDisadvantage > advantage--the potential risks and uncertainties … incurs far outweigh the expected benefits and opportunities it can offer.--the potential confusions and misleading … incurs can rule out any reference and guidance it can offer.To be exact, it is tantamount to an act of trading A for Btrade long-term … for short term…trade … in the long run for … at presenttrade the possibility of sustainable development for the reality of present interests.trade the unique… for common…trade the cherished… for common / ordinary …trade the invaluable … for the valueless …trade everything for nothing子论据3影响负面且深远Even worse, It runs the risk of driving …to a dead end.This proposal / conclusion is acknowledged as an illogical and irrational assumption/ assertion which indicates / reveals / mirrors a set of misplaced values that run the risk of driving … to a dead end.三思路框架：1.让步To begin with, I have to concede that knowing how to use money effectively, at certain degree, is beneficial. For one thing, it somewhat minimizes the risk of financial problems in the future. For the other, the acquisition of such knowledge and skills, at certain degree, contributes to relatively sensible consuming habits.2．因素分析Nevertheless, the claim of emphasizing the role that learning money management at young age plays in making a financially responsible adult is contaminated with several intrinsic irrationalities. As is often the case, implanting a sense of financial responsibility into an individual is acknowledged as a complicated task whose solution involves a combination of efforts on both the internal and external respects and cannot possibly be tackled/ accomplished by simply making children learn management. The personal experience of Madoff serves as an evident example which can largely consolidate my claim. Although Madoof received good education for money management since he was young, he did not have any sense of responsibility and was labeled as a cheater in 2008. The other flaw this assumption suffers from is that it ignores the differentials among cases. On conditions that that the learning of managing money is combined with the instillation of conscience and moral, or that this proposal has been proved as the most effective measure which can rule out any other solutions, making children learn to manage money is acceptable, whereas when this prerequisite removes, the things would be otherwise.3. 演绎推理At last, the consequences that this proposal is expected to bring about would turn out to be destructive. One point that is worth of mentioning is that the misleading and confusion that relating managing money to financial responsibility can incur far outweigh the expected benefits and solutions it can offer. Other than this, learning money management on early stage bears the possibility of bringing in materialism into our education and misplacing the values, which runs the risk of driving the healthy growth of our next generation to a dead end.EndingTo sum up, at large degree, I would cast doubt on this assumption. What is more, it is essential for us to have circumspection over all the factors before any critical decision-makings.Tip:其他备用思路：Option1--可行性欠佳What is more, the feasibility of X is vulnerable to any question or challenge.A host of impediments that are expected to encounter like A, B, C andD are acknowledged as significant factors that play decisive rolesin minimizing the viability.In this sense, it is almost a mission impossible to…重要因素表达—用于论点+论据… serves as a significant factor that plays decisive role in….… serves as an indispensable element that is not supposed to be overlooked.Tip :不可行的障碍--show no respect the legal principles--overlook the basic laws of nature--violate the ethical bottom line--the unsatisfactory voices from the public--limited budgets or financial problemsOption2--即使有结果,也很难达到目的个性化方案—选配--牵强的联系For 建议This proposal / solution/ approach/ X is awkward in serving as a key to….For 结论This definition/ conclusion/ X is awkward in serving as a convincing/ credible reference for...教师是否应该根据他们的表现而支付薪水Paying teachers in accordance with their performance is awkwardin serving as a key to enhancing / improving/ promoting /upgrading the education.This proposal / solution/ approach/ X is awkward in serving as a key to….+切断联系 For 建议As a matter of fact/ In effect, A/ the former does not function as the exclusive prerequisite for B/ the latter.+冲淡联系1 原因多样Under many circumstances, a host of solutions/ possibilities such as A1, A2, A3 and A4 are also indispensable/ significant approaches that are not supposed to be overlooked....is a significant factor that plays a decisive role in…… is also an indispensable element that is not supposed to be overlooked.+冲淡联系2 结果无效On the other hand, such oversimplified strategy would be doomed/ deemed as counterproductive.+阶段性结论In this sense, there exists no direct causal relation between A andB the result and the proposal.For 结论This definition/ conclusion/ X is awkward in serving as a convincing/ credible reference for...+切断联系For 结论A does not serve as an exclusive prerequisite for gaining a betterunderstanding about B+冲淡联系1可能性多样Under certain circumstances, B can be concluded as A1, whereas under others, the definition/ conclusion like A2, A3, A4 are also sensible/ acceptable/ rational.+冲淡联系2 定义/概括无效GeneralOn the other hand, such over generalized conclusion fails to be representative.+阶段性结论In this sense, there exists no direct relation between the conclusion/ definition and the phenomenon.In this sense, A can tell just part of the story.Option 3-- ... is not the ..estThere is no point to claim that A serves as the best/ ultimate/ the most approved solution / definition.A multitude of other options/ elements/ possibilities / solutions such as B, C, and D are also significant factors that are not supposed to be overlooked.In this sense, it is groundless to put ultimate premium on A.Option 4--挽救B-B重要 for A>B 话题Great significance is also supposed to be attached to B.Option5—因果无法建立：Furthermore, the claim that… suffers from a fallacy of causal oversimplification.Furthermore, the claim that … rests on a gratuities causal relationship which is in short of legitimacy.In effect, the former does not serve as the exclusive prerequisite for the latter.Under many circumstances, a host of approaches / solutions/ reasons/ possibilities as A, B, C and D are also acknowledged as significant factors that are not supposed to be overlooked.In addition, this conclusion runs the risk of misleading the understanding / the definition of…In addition, this proposal bears the possibility of driving the result to quite different paths.In this sense, there exists no direct causal relation between A and B.Topics:Because we are busy, we can do few things well.Because we are busy, politeness has become unnecessary and out of fashion. In order to make ourselves happy, we should learn how to make others happy first.For这样很好本性使然… is blessed/ gifted withadvantagemerit in …./thatgeniusX is blessed with a multitude of merits.As it stands, X enjoys many advantages like A, B, C and D.According to a survey by…, X% of the respondents …这是不可避免的 indispensable / 重要部分A is a part of B= A is included in B= A serves as / functions as an indispensable episode in composing B the absence of… would result in…Families serve as indispensable episode in composing our society.Failures in every segment of our life serve as indispensable episodes in composing our growth.Competition serves as indispensable episode in composing our market. The multimedia and the internet serve as indispensable episodes in composing our modern life.The quantum leaps in science and technology serve as indispensable episode in composing our civilization.这样做可行且运转良好What is more, the feasibility of X can withstand question or challenge.A host of factors such as A, B, C and D are acknowledged as significantelements that play decisive roles in maximizing the viability.Not only does it enjoy feasibility, but also it can operate in a smooth way.如果这样,结果诱人Other than this, the positive consequences of X would turn out to be profound.it will benefit both the individual and the whole systemit contributes to promoting …., boosting …..and …will thereafter beenhancedIt contributes to promoting the advance of economy, boosting the communication among cultures and the reputation of a city is thereafter enhanced.It contributes to promoting the efficiency, boosting the effectiveness and our self-confidence is thereafter enhanced.It contributes to promoting our skills in getting along with others, boosting our abilities in thinking over things and our minds are thereafter sharpened.Advantage> Disadvantage应该这样,因为这样做不仅有益,而且无害;A andB can co-exist harmoniouslyA andB are not 2 mutually exclusive matters.A andB are compatibleA andB are 2 mutually exclusive matters. As a matter of fact, the former andthe latter can co-exist harmoniously.The existence/ advance of A does not act/ serve as a terminator forBThe existence / advance of A does not bring negative influence / consequenceon BTo sum up, I side on the opposite of the claim that… What is more, it is essential for us to pay more attention to …/ What is more, special attention is called for to四、Tip1.若要/为了X目的, 就得YX and Y are closely relatedthere is a direct causal relation between X and YY serves as the exclusive prerequisite for Xcreate—creativity,advent,reckon,doomed to be,the sin revelation 2.这样不好/不应该本性/本质使然be born with / to be inherit intrinsic natureinborn problematiclast, the consequences/ influence of… is negative / destructive / pernicious.At last, the consequences that X is expected to bring about would turn out to be destructive.and more--an/ the increasing number of +可数名词--the increasing + 不可数名词--the increasingly + adj. + n.Give rise toof great significance for…great significance for… is closely attached to…great significance for your future career is closely attached to your study.great significance for the effectiveness of leadership is closely attached to the respect from the public.7.可能…, to large extent, …… bears the possibilities that…… runs the risk of…--This measure runs the risk of triggering disasters.switch alter convertDo undertake be engaged in estimate assess9.10.没有上过大学Lyndon Johnson AbrahamLincolnGrover Cleveland—honest + independent Andrew Jackson—the incarnation of courageMike Dell Stephen Jobs Zuckburge接受过优秀教育OxfordMargaret Hilda Thatcher David Cameron Bill ClintonStephen Hawking Mr. BeanHarvardFranklin Roosevelt Obama John F. KennedyGeorge W. Bush Gary Faye Locke素材accumulate the knowledge train the skills broaden the horizon experience the defeats/ failures strengthen the willsharpen the mind develop personalities shape valuespurify the soul detach the view12.媒体books:magazine; text book; bibliography; encyclopedia; novelTV programs; TV networksvideo; audience; display; screenread—reading—reader words; lines; passages重要影响力杂志New Yorker；the Times—实事评论性杂--through which we can extract insightful thoughts.Vogue；ELLE;—时尚杂志--let us breathe fashionable airReader’s Digest—综合性期刊National Geography—人文景观the Palace museumthe Louver Palacethe Expos—有必要出现暴力内容的娱乐the western movies—pioneering spiritGone with Wind--setting Atlanta on fire—chaosSchindler's List--Whoever saves one life, saves the world entireSaving Private Ryan-- the value of lifeBrave Heart-- shedding blood and sacrificing for just one chance for freedom Negative—过分暴力的娱乐-- Transformer 3-- justice do not have to be exchanged by extreme violencenor at the price of the whole Chicago City with thousandsof innocent lives.small step though it is for young people, a giant leap for the future life.That's one small step for me, one giant leap for mankind.Achilles’ Heelthe absence of innovation/ sympathy is acknowledged as the Achilles’Heel of our education.the absence of creditability is acknowledged as the Achilles’ Heel of political leadership.significant五、综合写作一HeadingThelecturerefutesobjects tosides on the opposite ofthepointsillustratedinthereadingmaterial.In accordance with With reference forAccordingto the listening,theprofessorthe lecturerclaims /asserts that。
“康奈尔笔记法”教你拿下托福
“康奈尔笔记法”教你拿下托福声明：本篇文章是学为贵老师原创整理发布，未经同意严禁抄袭与非法出版，呼吁尊重原创作品坚决抵制抄袭。
相信同学们都知道，托福备考过程中，笔记的重要性。
今天给大家分享一下如何用“康奈尔笔记法”记好笔记，高效备考托福吧！“康奈尔笔记法”是集中将记与学，思考与运用有效地结合。
A. 5R 笔记法1.记录（Record）在听或读过程中，在主栏（将笔记本的一页分为左边大右边小两个部分，左为主，右为副）尽量多记有意义的论据、概念等内容。
2.简化（Reduce）下课后，尽早将这些论据、概念简要地概括在副栏。
3.背诵（Recite）把主栏遮住，只用副栏中的摘记提示，尽量叙述课上讲过的内容。
4.思考（Reflect）将自己的听课随感、意见、经验体会等，与讲课内容区分开，写在卡片或笔记本的某一单独部分，加上标题和索引，编制成提纲、摘要，分成类目。
随时归档。
5.复习（Review）每周花十分钟左右，快速复习笔记，先看副栏，适当看主栏。
这种笔记方法最开始时，可以以一科为例练习。
在这一科不断熟练的基础上，然后再用于其他科。
B 符号记录法指在课本、参考书原文的旁边加上各种符号，如直线、双线、黑点、圆圈、曲线、箭头、红线、蓝线、三角、方框、着重号、惊叹号、问号等，便于找重点，加深印象，或提出质疑。
什么符号代表什么意思，可以自己决定，但最好形成一套比较稳定的符号系统。
这种方法比较适合于自学笔记和预习笔记。
操作时需注意以下事项：1.读完再做记号在未将整段或有标题部分读完并思考前，不要在课本上做记号。
在读的时候，要分清作者是在讲一个新的概念，还是只是用不同的词语说明同样的内容，只有等读完这一段或部分后，才能回头来看出那些重复的内容。
这样可不至于抓住那些看上去仿佛重要的东西。
2.善于选择不要一下在很多项目下划线或草草写上许多项目，这样会使记忆负担过重，使不得不同一时刻从几个方面来思考问题，会加重思维负担。
少做些记号，但也不要少到在复习时只会将整页内容通读一遍。
托福考试：新托福写作满分作文范例11个
托福考试：新托福写作高分满分作文范例11If you could ask a famous person one question, what would you ask? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.If I had the opportunity to sit down and meet one of my idols or heroes, I could come up with hundreds of questions to find out what they did to get where they are, but in particular I like to have asked Helen Keller, what would she have made of the technology available today to blind and deafblind individuals?When Helen Keller was nineteen months old, a serious illness almost took her life. She survived the disease had left her both blind and deaf. Her education contributed to her first teacher, Anne Sullivan. Anne taught Helen to finger spell, and manage to let her understand the meaning of words. Imagine how hard it is for a person both blind and deaf to relate words with real world objects, although she never had a chance to see those objects!Another teacher Mary Swift Lamson who over the coming year was to try and teach Helen to speak. This was something that Helen desperately wanted and although she learned to understand what somebody else was saying by touching their lips and throat, her efforts to speak herself proved to be unsuccessful. However, Helen moved on to the Cambridge School for Young Ladies and later entered Radcliff College, becoming the first deaf blind person to have ever enrolled at an institution of higher learning.After World War Two, Helen spent years traveling the world fundraising for the American Foundation for the Overseas Blind. They visited Japan, Australia, South America, Europe and Africa. Her hard work and achievements was widely recognized throughout the world, and she was acknowledged as "the Miracle Worker".If Helen Keller were born today her life would undoubtedly have been completely different. Her life long dream was to be able to talk, something that she was never really able to master. Today the teaching methods exist that would have helped Helen to realize this dream. What would Helen have made of the technology available today to blind and deaf blind individuals? Technology of today has enabled blind and deaf blind people, like Helen, to communicate directly, and independently, with anybody in the world.Some people prefer to live in places that have the same weather or climate all year long. Others like to live in areas where the weather changes several times a year. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.There is no denying the fact that whether to choose a place that have the same weather all year long, or a place where the weather changes several times a year is a popular topic which is much talked about. Although it seems that normally we cannot tell which one outweigh the other between these two kinds of places, they deserve some close examination.If three criteria were taken into account, I would prefer living in areas where the weather changes several times a year to living in places that have the same weather or climate all year long. There are no less than three advantages in this as rendered below.First, varied weather or climate broadens the range of our pastimes. For example, we can go swimming in summer and go skiing in winter. If the place we live in has only hot weather all year long, like Singapore, most of us can never go skiing in our lives.Secondly, the change of climate gives us opportunities to wear many kinds of clothes. Some say it is a waste of money to buy clothes depending on seasons. However, wearing various clothes, looking at others’ fashion, and feeling the change of seasons is very interesting for me. Thirdly, changing of seasons is good for our health. When winter comes our body’s metabolism slows down, and when summer comes it speeds up, so that our body can maintain a good rhythm.Also snows in the winter can kill a lot of bacteria and bad insects, so that in the spring our chance of being infected to a disease is decreased and we can enjoy nice atmosphere and sceneries.For these reasons, I prefer to live in areas that have several changes of weather. Only these three reasons can make a person draw the conclusion that living in areas that have season changes is better, not to mention there are more.Many students have to live with roommates while going to school or university. What are some of the important qualities of a good roommate? Use specific reasons and examples to explain why these qualities are important.The important qualities of a good roomateWe become more independent and learn more life experience while live without families, but your roommates. However, to live with other people is neither easy nor difficult. You should learn how to be a good roommate, basically.Believe or not, dormitory life is a extremly happy thing. You make new friends, experience independece, difficulties and enjoy the freedom. But all of these are base on your behaves as a good roommate.Firstly, you should know how to respect people. Not only your roommate, also people around you. It is the most important factor in our communications. Whatever what is your background, you are the same as your roommates, you guys are all equal. To respect your roommate, respect their religions and cultures. Do not laugh at enthetic people or racism. That is rude and stupid. We should respect what God created for us. Besides, you must respect your roommates' privately, everyone have right to have their secrets.Take your duty and responsibility. You can not ingore and think about those are negligible. Do not tend to ask your mates to do things what you have to do. Remember, no one will like a lazy and irresponsible roommate. In general, you should help to cleaning, put litter bags to dustheap, put things back after you used .To be quite when others are studying, take care of your men is another factor among.In addition, You are one of members of your dormitory. Do not hide yourself behind, you are buddy of your roommates. Try to share your ideas, experience of study and life, your happiness etc. And you listen to your mates experience as well. Take care of your mates You dormitory will be lively then.All in all, as long as you enjoy your dormitory life, get well with your friends, then you should be a good roommate. Whatever what you experiences, those of them will be a beautiful memorial of your rest of life. TRY IT.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Dancing plays an important role in a culture. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Dancing is an important art form, and also plays an important role in a culture. Some dance spontaneously happens at celebrations as an expression of emotion or some happen in a more structured manner at ceremonies.Dancing plays an important role in ceremonial events in many cultures. For example, during the Pukumani ceremony the dances performed reflect the relationship to the deceased. In Lebanon, the classical belly dancing still plays an important part at weddings, representing the transition from virgin bride to sensual woman, and is also popular in nightclubs. On the other hand, residents of the Greenland believe that the dancing and drum can be used as a tool to dissolve conflicts between people.As we may see from the above examples, dancing is an integral part of many cultures. Of course, dancing does not have the same functions in our modern life, but many people in our society still find dancing an enjoyable form of entertainment and art. Young people go to disco with their friends to release their energies, and they find dancing a good way to relax and make friends.Older people dance together as a social event and a good means of exercise. In addition, many people go to theatres to enjoy performances of ballet and modern dances. Enjoying those beautiful dancing, music and costumes in a dance performance, can give us a beautiful experience, and help us develop appreciation of art, and enrich our after work life.In conclusion, no one can deny that dancing plays an important role in a culture.托福考试：新托福写作高分满分作文范例7Some people think governments should spend as much money as possible exploring outer space (for example, traveling to the Moon and to other planets). Other people disagree and think governments should spend this money for our basic needs on Earth. Which of these two opinions do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.When we see photographs of starving children, it's hard to say that we should spend billions of dollars on space exploration. But that's just what we should do. Children don't need to be starving, but we do need to explore space. Right now, we have enough money to feed every person on Earth. Children are starving because of mismanagement of resources and simple human greed. Those are problems we can solve right here on earth. That shouldn't stop our need to find out what's beyond our own solar system.We may never make contact with whatever other species there may be out there in space. Even so, there are still two very practical and positive consequences of space exploration. One is a certainty and the other is a possibility. The certainty is medical research. Yes, we can conduct research here on earth. But much of the research done in space, for example, on the effects of gravity on bone marrow, is making a difference in medicine here on Earth. When we do research in space, we also learn more about space exploration. Also, many of the inventions that were developed for space travel have been adapted to good use on Earth.The possible consequence of space exploration is finding another planet human beings can colonize. Overpopulation is a huge problem on our planet. People are living longer, more healthful lives, and that's a good thing. But it means there are fewer people dying and more people being born. Eventually we'll have less space, fewer resources, and major distribution problems. If we can find another planet to live on, we can relieve the problems of overpopulation on our planet.It's a tragedy that there are human beings suffering on Earth. However, if we wait until everyone has a perfect life, we will never explore space-and that, too, would be a kind of tragedy.托福考试：新托福写作高分满分作文范例6People have different ways of escaping the stress and difficulties of modern life. Some read; some exercise; others work in their gardens. What do you think are the best ways of reducing stress? Use specific details and examples in your answer.Stress is one of our biggest enemies. It affects our health, our personality, and our relationships with others. In order to get rid of stress, I first have to identify the cause.I have different antidotes to stress depending on the cause. The most common types of stress I face are with work, with friends, and with myself.Work-related stress is the easiest to combat. I simply stop working for a while. If I find myself picking up the same piece of paper four times a day and never doing anything with it, I blame stress. If I find- myself staring at the computer without finishing a report, I blame stress.The best thing to do is to do something else. Sometimes, I get up from my desk and go down the hall to talk to my colleagues, but I don't talk about work related subjects. Other times, I will take a short walk around the block and get some fresh air. Work-related stress can be cured by getting away from the work.Stress caused by friends is more difficult to cure. Often the cause is more complicated. My friends could have a personal problem that causes them and me both anxiety. Or my friends could be angry at me or vice versa. Here, the cure for stress is talking about the problem and being with my friends. Unlike work, you can't walk away from your friends.Stress I cause myself is also not so easy to get rid of. If I feel bothered by an exam or anxious about the future, there is very little for me to do. I just have to tell myself that I can only do my best and leave the rest up to fate.It is important to try to lead a stress-free life. If you can avoid stress by walking away from it (like at work), talking through it (like with your friends) or facing it head on (like with yourself), your health, personality and relationships will benefit.托福考试：新托福写作高分满分作文范例5Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers should be paid according to how much their students learn. Give specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.Some communities have decided to base evaluations of teachers on students' test scores. It's these evaluations that determine how much teachers will be paid.I don't think this is a very good idea for several reasons.First of all, if teachers' salaries are going to be based on how much students learn, then some teachers will start to teach their students only what they need to get high test scores. This means that students will miss out on a lot of education that can't be measured on a test.For instance, one of the best methods to help students understand a subject is encouraging them to discuss it. A common practice is to divide the class into groups, have each group discuss the subject, and then have them report back to the whole class. This kind of shared learning can lead to a fuller understanding. It also teaches students how to discuss and debate ideas. However, it doesn't supply facts to show off on a test.Another problem with basing teachers' salaries on how much their students learn is that teachers may ignore students who have learning difficulties. Some students learn more slowly than others and need more personal attention. If a teacher is worried about tests, he may feel he has to push the majority of the students to cram facts. That effort will take all his time. He won't be able tohelp the less able students.It's true there are teachers who "burn out" after many years teaching and just don't care how much their students learn. Basing their salaries on their students' test scores may improve their efforts. However, it's not fair for the majority of teachers. They deserve and need to be judged by other criteria.托福考试：新托福写作高分满分作文范例4If you were asked to send one thing representing your country to an international exhibition, what would you choose? Why? Use specific reasons and details to explain your choice.If I were asked to send one thing representing my country to an international exhibition, I'd send something unexpected: one week's worth of television programming. These programs would best represent my country. They show how the citizens of my country live and what they think and feel.The dramas on television are very realistic. They show how people in different parts of the country go about their daily lives. They show how they earn their livings, how they deal with crime, and how they interact with each other. The dramas also show how people in various economic groups dress, what kinds of houses they live in, and what kinds of education their children receive.The comedies indicate what people in my country think is funny. Even though the situations are exaggerated, they reflect how my culture deals with very basic human situations. People everywhere understand falling in love, raising a family, and earning a living.托福考试：新托福写作高分满分作文范例3Some people think that governments should spend as much money as possible on developing or buying computer technology. Other people disagree and think that this money should be spent on more basic needs. Which one of these opinions do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.I realize that it's important to stay up to date with our technology. So much, like our space and defense programs, depends on it. I've also read that we shouldn't let other governments get ahead of ours in the race for better technology. This could eventually put us at a disadvantage and our whole economy could suffer. Despite all this, I think our government should spend our tax dollars on more basic items before it gets into the business of developing computer technology.We have so many problems in our society, and it seems every solution needs money. For instance, we talk about getting people off welfare. To do that we need money to give them jobs until they can support themselves. That means support training, day care for their children, and probably a monthly rent subsidy. All of those things can cost hundreds of millions of dollars. However, if we could solve a major problem like that, wouldn't it improve our society even more than new technology?Another problem is that our transportation system is falling apart. Bridges have cracks in them. Highways buckle. Accidents happen because of these problems. We shouldn't put money into improving a computer chip when we have basic needs like these.Besides, why should the government be in the business of developing technology? Aren't there several very successful corporations doing just that? Yes, it's probably less expensive in the long run for the government to develop-the technology. Nevertheless, in the short run, there are basic needs in our society that aren't being met. I think that's where the money should go.托福考试：新托福写作高分满分作文范例2You have been told that dormitory rooms at your university must be shared by two students. Would you rather have the university assign a student to share a room with you, or would you rather choose your own roommate? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer.I'd rather have the university assign a roommate to share a room with me. As far as I'm concerned, this is part of the university experience. Students should meet new people and be open to new experiences. I like leaving this up to chance.Actually, even though the university will choose, it's not totally a matter of chance. We all filled out information sheets. The school knows what we're majoring in, what our interests are, and our study habits and our goals. I think they're probably very good at matching roommates using this information. They've had a lot of practice. Besides, if a mistake is made, I can change my room assignment next semester.If I did want to choose my own roommate, I'd first pick some candidates from the list supplied by the university. Then I'd write to them and they'd write back. Through our letters, we'd find out if we shared common interests, such as sports or movies. More importantly, we'd find out if we liked doing the same things in our free time. Because of my investigation, I'd probably get someone compatible with me. It's a lot of work to go through, though. Besides, the process of finding similar interests isn't all that different from what the university does.Trying to predict whom I'm going to get along with is not a science. I might choose someone who sounds just like me and still find that the two of us just don't get along as roommates. Besides, I think it would be boring to room with somebody who's just the same as me. I'd rather be with someone who has different interests and likes to do different things. Maybe I'd even get a roommate from another culture. After all, one of the reasons I'm going to the university is to be exposed to a lot of new experiences. So, I'd rather have the university choose my roommate for me.托福考试：新托福写作高分满分作文范例1Some people like doing work by hand. Others prefer using machines. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Here's the problem. I'm sloppy. That's why I like to use machines to do my work rather than do things by hand. Machines can be creative, precise, and efficient.Most people think that you can only be creative if you do things by hand. However, it takes creativity to set the machine up. Once it's set up, it can repeat the same task over and over and over perfectly. If you want to write ten letters, you can set up your word processor to do it, press a button, and ten letters will be printed. It would take me forever by hand, and I would make a lot of mistakes. By hand, each letter would be different. By machine, each one is perfect.Machines are very precise. They don't get tired and cut the wrong way. They don't get distracted and drop some mustard on the paper. As I said, I'm sloppy, but I like neatness. That's why I prefer to use machines.Machines are also more efficient. I'm too tired to pick up the phone and see who is calling me. My answering machine isn't tired. It's always on duty. It doesn't get tired, upset, or moody.I can depend on my machines, but I can't always depend on my hand to be creative, precise, or efficient.。
新托福TPO11综合写作详细解析
阅读材料： A recent study reveals that people especially young people are reading far less literature – novels, plays, and poems –than they used to. This is troubling because the trend has unfortunate effects for the reading public, for culture in general, and for the future of literature itself. 最近的研究显⽰⼈们，尤其是年轻⼈不再像以前那样爱读想⼩说、喜剧或者诗歌这类⽂学作品了。
这个现象是令⼈担忧的。
这是因为这对⼴⼤读者受众、对⼴义⽂化以及对于⽂学本⾝未来的发展都是⾮常不幸的。
While there has been a decline in book reading generally, the decline has been especially sharp for literature. This is unfortunate because nothing else provides the intellectual stimulation that literature does. Literature encourages us to exercise our imaginations, empathize with others, and expand our understanding of language. So, by reading less literature, the reading public is missing out on important benefits. 在书籍阅读量下降的⼤⽓候下，⽂学类书籍阅读量下降更为明显。
托福综合写作9个万能模板
在托福写作过程中，除了文章的结构和内容，还有一些细节是一直是被大家所忽视的。
下面就为大家带来托福综合写作实用模板9个，希望能为大家的托福备考带来帮助。
一、旅行交通工具You need to travel from your home to a place 40 miles (64 kilometers) away. Compare the different kinds of transportation you could use. Tell which method of travel you would choose. Give specific reasons for your choice.There are many different types of transportation which I could use to travel 40 miles from my home. The type of transportation I would choose depends mainly on how fast I need to get there and how much money I have. Some possibilities are walking, horse backriding, driving, or using a taxi, bus, or train.The most economical choice is walking. It costs nothing, is healthful, but it is time consuming. The average person can walk about 4-5 miles per hour, so this trip would take atleast 10 hours to complete. That means I would probably have to spend the nightsomewhere along the way. If I have to spend money for a hotel, then this choice really isn'tfree. Plus, I might arrive at the end tired and with sore feet! After walking comes animaltransportation. In my area, horses are not common, so it wouldn't be a likely choice. I believe that a 40-mile trip would take 2 or 3 hours on a horse. If I had free access to a horse,the cost would be minimal. Of course, I'd have to know how to ride!With a car, the travel time is minimal (under one hour), with onl the cost of gasoline toconsider. However, I don't own a car, and car rentals are expensive. Shared taxis are oneform of affordabletransportation, with 4 or 5 people sharingthe cost of a car trip to acommon destination. The only downside is finding people to share the fare with me.Fortunately, I live in an urban area, where there are buses and 'trains to ride. One of these would be my first choice.In short the kind of transportation depends on how fast I need to get to my destination and how much money I have. If I need to get there fast, and money isn't important, I can hire a private taxi.Since I don't own my own car, I don't have that option, and I have never walked 40 miles in one trip. I usually depend on the bus and trains, and would do so in this circumstance. They are cheap, dependable and reliable.二、人类对社会的贡献When you write your answer, you are not limited to the examples listed in the question.It is generally agreed that society benefits from the work of its members. Compare the contributions of artists to society with the contributions of scientists to society. Which type of contribution do you think is valued more by your society? Give specific reasons to supportyour answer.Artists and scientists both make valuable contributions to our society. It may seem sometimes that artists are more valued. That's because those artists who are famous make a lot of money.However, they are relatively few. The fact is that scientists are more valued.They get more respect from society for the work they do.Artists reflect their times and their culture. A painter or a writer shows us in pictures and words what we're like as a people. They record our culture for future generations.Actors and other performers, like singers and dancers, entertain us. They take our minds off our troubles, and remind us how beautiful and exciting our imaginations can be. Artists also help keep their societies mentally and emotionally healthy.For example, children that participate in the arts, such as painting or music, in school do better in their other studies. Art of all types is necessary to the human spirit.The contributions scientists make to society are more obvious. They include the cars we drive, the computers we use at home and at work, and the appliances that help us cook our meals and clean our houses. All of these come from the ideas and hard work of scientists.Because of scientific discoveries, we're living longer and more healthful lives. Scientists also contribute to the arts. Movies are the result of science. So are television, radio, and the recording of music on CDs.Generally, scientists don't make as much money as famous artists like film stars, opera singers or successful painters. However, our society gives them more respect, and they generally make a good living. Scientists are considered to be serious professionals, while artists are sometimes viewed as flaky, irresponsible people. So overall, I'd have to conclude that we value scientists more.二、学习亲身体验Some people believe that the best way of learning about life is by listening to the adviceof family and friends. Other people believe that the best way of learning about life is throughpersonal experience. Compare the advantages of these two different ways of learning about life. Which do you think is preferable? Use specific examples to support your preference.Both learning through personal experience and learning through the advice of others can help you in life. If you don't have a lot of knowledge about something, the advice of people you trust can be very valuable. They can tell you about their own experiences, and about the advantages and disadvantages of a situation. Then you can consider your ownwants and needs and decide what you should do. Pretty soon, you'll have more experience of your own.When you 're thinking about what you want to do with your life, friends and relatives are a great resource. They can give you information about things like jobs, school, volunteering, and traveling to other parts of the world. They've done a lot of learning in their lives, and you can use it to decide what you want to do with yours. In some cases, there's no real substitute for personal experience. For example, I really don't like to make presentations in class. I know I'll make mistakes, even if I'm thoroughly prepared and know all about my topic. Nothing but experience can help me deal with the nervousness I feel. I know that the feedback I get from the teacherand from the other students will help me learn from those mistakes. At least I'm confident that the next class presentation I make will be much better than the last one.In the end, I think that the best way to learn about life is by experiencing it firsthand.No one else can teach you how to get along with other people, how to realistically judge your own abilities, or how to understand who you are. You can only learn these things by dealing with situations every day. Experience is the best teacher. 四、药品广告(drug advertisement)提出命题：药品广告所提供的信息都是客观全面的，且病人对药物了解得越多越好1.病人可以更多了解处方药的相关信息(information)2.医生开药时，病人可以与广告上进行比较，有利于选药3.通过广告，病人可以了解到新药的发展，提醒医生挑战命题：病人不需要对药物了解太多，因为有时候了解得太多会对非专业的病人产生困扰，而且广告所提供的信息也不完整全面1.广告通常只有宣传好处，对副作用(side effects)一笔带过，病人很难判断2.病人对药物的准确用法用量不了解，可能会用错3.广告只宣传新药，对旧药没有宣传，但是针对不同的病情，也许旧药更为合适托福综合写作满分范文：The speaker raises serious counterarguments against the reading paragraphs by providing drastically different evidences regarding the effects of the advertisement, the impact of self-selecting medication, and the impact of trends in thepharmaceutical industry.Firstly, knowing more information from the ads will not necessarily help the patients make better-informed decisions, as the reading argues. On the contrary, patients, without professional training and knowledge, will be more susceptible to misunderstanding information. For example, they would focus only on the positive sides of a certain medicine while ignoring the serious side effects.In addition, if the patients bear the responsibility of prescribing their own medication,they assume more responsibility to their own health. This makes doctors less liable for potential risks and undesirable consequences.Lastly, as for the new trends' benefits to the patients, the speaker does not challenge the reading directly. Instead, he argues that the new medicine, which will count for most of the ads may not necessarily be the best medicine, even though the patients can inform their doctors about the new products.五、网络问卷(web based survey)reading网络问卷相对传统问卷的优势1.调查范围更广，所以调查结果就更为准确(逻辑错误：参加人多并不代表范围广，也不能保证效果好)2.发放，填写和收集问卷更加方便简单3.成本低lecture反驳网络问卷的优势1.所取得的调查结果不全面(biased)，因为不是所有人都会上网，中老年人上网会比较少，而年轻人上网比较多2.成本并不会低，因为一个好的网络问卷需要一个团队的大量工作(提出新的证据：网络问卷也需要成本和人力资源)3.大多数人对网络问卷都不严肃，会得到不正确的信息，容易混淆视听。
新东方TOEFL笔记
所以要想保证听得懂，就要保证说得对） （4）不看只听，跟读，要求同上 （5）不看不听，复述或背诵 （6）以上步骤适当重复，直到达到目的
#听 lecture 需要的能力和锻炼方法（二十段法） （1）听觉识别力――句法结构、专业词汇 训练方法（二十段法） ： (材料下载地址: /dispbbs.asp?boardid=19&id=190221) a. 节选出 20 段 lecture（见附带文件，此 20 段包含了所有教授讲 lecture 时的说话套路） ，将这 20 段分成 5×4 四部分 b. 对于第 1－5 段，听一句，写一句（听写） ，每句听不超过三遍， 每段听完后打开原文，扫清障碍，没听懂处便是听力薄弱环节。 （以上前 5 天完成） 第 6 天泛听（不看材料）以上 5 段材料 c. 对于第 6－10 段，每听 2－3 句总结大意，听完整篇后，所写出的 东西应该通顺完整。之后打开原文，核实，扫清障碍（以上 5 天 完成） 第 6 天泛听（不看材料）以上 10 段材料 d. 对于第 11－15 段，听全文，写 keypoint（听三遍，每遍补充） （一 般不只一个 keypoint。之后打开原文，核实，扫清障碍（以上 5 天完成）
单词建立联系，或者将一个单词与一件事物、一个事情联系起来去 记，这样便不仅记住了你要记的东西“是什么” ，还记住了这个东 西“在哪里” ，效果就会很好。 （5 ） 词汇的维度： #强、弱（程度） #正式、非正式 # 褒义、贬义 #单词、词
根(同样一个词会有这样两种写法，就像中文中， “水”字写成汉字 和偏旁部首时写法也是不同的一样) （6 ） #高级、低级（用法）
第 6 天泛听（不看材料）以上 15 段材料 e. 对于第 16－20 段，听全文 3 遍，之后用英文复述，打开原文，核 实，扫清障碍（以上 5 天完成） 第 6 天泛听（不看材料）以上 20 段材料 f. 20 篇都听完后，找出听得不熟的。用跟读法再解决 *此方法综合训练听说读写能力 （2）提高记忆力：关键是提高听力水平！ （3）提高听段子时的注意力：关键还是提高听力水平！ （4）猜的能力：把注意力放在听懂了的地方！没听懂的地方随便一猜 就行了，别花太多心思，以免因小失大。而且越是不容易听懂的 地方，越不容易是出题点。
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超详细完整版托福写作笔记，提升托福写作成绩很多考托党为了快速提升托福写作成绩，买了一堆一堆的书，做了一本一本的笔记.......当你累的不堪重负，冲出书海的时候，成绩却还是不尽人意。
为什么?因为你没有一份真正完整!真正干货的托福写作笔记 !今天就把这份压箱底的货都拿出来了，还不滚粗来店铺!托福写作笔记:托福写作概述托福考试写作分为两个部分：综合写作和独立写作1.The Integrated Writing Task：Reading, Listeningand Writing(150-225 words, 20 minutes)2.The Independent writing Task:(300 words, 30 minutes)托福写作笔记:英汉两种语言的区别1、美国人与中国人思维方式的不同。
2、英汉句子结构的特点。
英语重形和，重结构，汉语重意和, 重语义。
英语中常用复合句;汉语则常用短句，简单句。
3、英语多变化，汉语多重复。
4、英语被动句多。
汉语中主动句多。
托福写作笔记:中国学生写作最易犯的十大错误1. Nowadays, collegestudent should learn competition and cooperation.2. The problem that is created bycomputers attract(draw, spark, captivate, intrigue, arouse, yield, give riseto) much attention.3. In present-day society, there are agreat many young people go abroad.4. In my opinion, I think that smokingshould be banned in public places.5. The computer can not instead thepivotal role played byteachers in education.6. Some people welcome raising pets,others hold different opinions.7. In large cities ofChinahas manyfast food shops.8. At college, we should learn as muchknowledge as possible so that we can be well prepared for our future career.9. Some students are interested inplay computer games.10. You really have two down sons.托福写作笔记:托福写作25分必备的50个意群词汇1、持某观点：claim ( contend reckon share the belief that )2、支持某观点：advocate (maintain vote for side with be in favor of )3、反对某观点：contradict (criticize be against cast doubts on )4、合理的：justified ( sensible feasible convincing hold water bear much analysis)5、好处：advantage (benefit, merit, positive side)6、弊端：disadvantage( defect, demerit, negative side)7、肯定：undoubtedly (indeed undeniably there is no denying that)8、不确定：be likely to ( potentially presumably)9、重要的：essential (significant, vital, crucial, critical, fundamental, indispensable)10、有益的：beneficial (conducive instrumental )11、有害的：detrimental (harmful virulent)12、有争议的：controversial (disputable, contentious)13、普遍的：widespread ( prevalent, universal)14、显著地：considerably (significantly, remarkably, dramatically, tremendously, substantially)15、明显的：evident (apparent, manifest)16、增强：enhance (strengthen intensify)17、减少：decline (descend, collapse, relieve)18、大约：approximately(nearly, around, estimated, roughly)19、趋势：trend(tendency, inclination)20、预见：predict (expect, project)21、带来：bring about (result in, lead to)22、引起：create (spark ; yield;; give rise to)23、建立：establish (found, institute)24、要求：call for (request，demand)25、去除：eliminate(remove, eradicate)26、探讨：explore (examine, identify)27、描绘：depict (portray, illustrate)28、后果：consequence( aftermath; outcome)29、足够：adequate (enough; sufficient)30、解决:tackle ( resolve, address)31、意识:awareness(consciousness)32、控制:curb ( regulate, censor)33、解释：account for ( be responsible for)34、投资：finance (invest in, subsidize)35、缓解：relieve ( ease, alleviate)36、压力：stress ( pressure, strain)37、和谐：harmony ( concordance)38、继承：inherit (hand down)39、培养：cultivate (train, foster)40、促进：promote ( contribute to, upgrade)41、适应：adapt to (adjust to, acclimate to)42、提供：provide (render, afford)43、替代：replace (substitute, take the place of)44、保护：preserve (protect)45、证据：evidence (proof)46、赢得：gain (acquire, attain)47、国外的：foreign( alien, exotic)48、灾难：disaster (misfortune, catastrophe)49、发展：advance (progress)50、倾向于：tend to ( be inclined to , be apt to)托福写作笔记:实用加分句子托福写作常用“十大句式”一、否定句1、Instead of indulging in playing computer games, children should betaught how to benefit from useful information on the internet.应该教孩子们如何从互联网获取有益的信息，而不是沉溺于玩电脑游戏。
2、On no account (Under no circumstances)can we ignore the immensevalue of knowledge.我们绝不能忽视知识的巨大价值。
3、College students take part-time jobs not for more money but for abetter understanding of societies.大学生参加兼职工作不是为了赚更多钱，而是为了更好地了解社会。
4、One’s salary doesnot depend so much on his educational background as on his ability andcontribution to the society.一个人的工资与其说取决于他的教育背景倒不如说取决于他的能力和对社会的贡献。
5、In terms of nutrition, fast food is far from satisfactory.从营养角度来说，快餐远非令人满意。
6、Parents would not expect their children to become useful personswithout working hard.父母们不能指望孩子们不经过刻苦努力就可以成才。
二、非限制性定语从句1、Undoubtedly, practical courses can be used to the reality, which isof vital importance to their development in the future.毫无疑问，实用性课程可以用于实际中，这对于他们未来发展是非常重要的。
2、Children tend to imitate what they have seen and heard on massmedia, which is sometimes dangerous and harmful.孩子们倾向于模仿大众媒体上的所见所闻，这在有时是危险和有害的。
3、The majority of students believe that part-time jobs will providethem with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which mayput them in a favorable position in the future job markets.大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力, 这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的.三、让步句1、This view is widely acknowledged;however，there is little evidence that smoking is beneficial to people’s health.这个观点被广泛认可，然而，几乎没有证据表明吸烟对人们健康有利。