高中英语简单句、并列句和复合句

高中英语简单句、并列句和复合句考点复习突破学案

（一）句子种类两种分类法

1、按句子的用途可分四种：

1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.

2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?

3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class

4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!

2、按句子的结构可分三种：

1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。

e. g. He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

e. g. You help him and he helps you.

The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。

e. g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

（二）简单句的五种基本句型

1、主语+系动词+表语：e. g. He is a student.

2、主语+不及物动词：e. g. We work.

3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e. g. Henry bought a dictionary.

4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e. g. My father bought me a car.

5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e. g. Tom made the baby laugh.

注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。

主语——动词——表语：

在这一句型中，动词是系动词，划线部分为表语。

1. Mr. Brown is an engineer. (名词作表语)

2. Gradualy he became silent. (形容词作表语)

3. She remained standing for a hour. (现在分词作表语)

4. The question remained unsolved. (过去分词作表语)

5. The machine is out of order. (介词短语作表语)

6. The television was on. (副词作表语)

7. His plan is to keep the affair secret. (动词不定式作表语)

8. My job is repairing cars. (动名词作表语)

9. The question is what you want to do. (从句作表语，即：表语从句)

注意：在下面的句子中，形容词作表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。

I’m happy to meet you.

They are willing to help.

We are determined to follow his example.

主语——动词：

在这一句型中，动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中，不及物动词可以有状语修饰。

1. The sun is rising.

2. I’ll try.

3. Did you sleep well？(well做状语，修饰不及物动词sleep)

4. The engine broke down.

注意：在此句型中，有少数不及物动词表达被动含义，表达主语本身所具有的特性，不用被动语态。

1. The book sells well.

2. The window won’t shut.

3. The pen writes smoothly.

4. Cheese cuts easily.

主语——动词——宾语：

在此句型中，动词为及物动词，划线部分为宾语。

1. Do you know these people (them)？(名词或代词作宾语)

2. I can’t express myself in English. (反身代词作宾语)

3. He smiled a strange smile. (同源宾语)

4. We can’t afford to pay such a price. (不定式作宾语)

5. Would you mind waiting a few minutes？(动名词作宾语)

6. I hope that I have said nothing to pain you. (从句作宾语，即：宾语从句)

注意：并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况作宾语，不同的动词有不同的用法，