简单句、并列句与复合句导学案(定稿)
2016届中考英语(译林版)复习语法整合学案：第12课时 简单句、并列句和复合句
第12课时简单句、并列句和复合句2015中考对并列句和复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上,如并列连词:and,but,or,while以及其他连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词,如:when,who,that,where,if等。
预计2016年中考将继续考查并列句,宾语从句,状语从句和定语从句。
另外对定语从句的考查将向深度发展。
根据语法形式,即句子的结构,英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
(一)简单句简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。
其他各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来,如五大基本句型:1. 主语+谓语,这种句型简称为主谓结构,其谓语一般都是不及物动词,如:Things change. 事物是变化的。
Nobody went. 没有人去。
2. 主语+连系动词+表语,这种句型称为主系表结构,其实连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词,但实质上表语成了谓语,如:Mr Turner is an artist.特纳先生是位画家。
3. 主语+谓语+宾语,这种句型可称为主谓宾结构,它的谓语一般多是及物动词,如:We never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。
4. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语,这种句型可称为主谓宾结构,其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词,两个宾语一个是间接宾语,一个是直接宾语,如:He gave the book to his sister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补,这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构,其补语是宾语补语,与宾语一起即构成复合宾语,如:I found the book easy.我发现这本书不难。
(形容词easy作补语)I’ll let him go. 我将让他去。
(动词go用作补语)注意:有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语,甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语,这样的句子仍然是简单句,例如:China and other countries in the East Asia are developing rapidly.中国和东亚其他国家正在迅速地发展。
高考英语句子成分：简单句、并列句和复合句(精品资料)
(六)宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语 英语中有些及物动词, 以外,还要有一个宾语补语, 以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子 的意义完整. 的意义完整.带有宾语补足语的一般句型 某些及物动词( 宾语+宾 为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语 宾 等 宾语 ).宾补可由名词 形容词,副词, 宾补可由名词, 补).宾补可由名词,形容词,副词,不 定式,分词,介词短语和从句充当.例如: 定式,分词,介词短语和从句充当.例如:
高考英语语法
句子成分;简单句, 句子成分;简单句, 并列句和复合句
简单句的五种基本句型
1,主语+系动词 表语:e.g. He is a student. ,主语 系动词 表语: 系动词+表语 2,主语 不及物动词:e.g. We work. 不及物动词: ,主语+不及物动词 3,主语+及物动词 宾语:e.g. ,主语 及物动词+宾语: 及物动词 宾语 Henry bought a dictionary. 4,主语 及物动词 双宾语(间接宾语 直接 及物动词+双宾语 ,主语+及物动词 双宾语(间接宾语+直接 宾语): ):e.g. My father bought me a car. 宾语): 5,主语 及物动词 复合宾语(宾语 宾补): 及物动词+复合宾语 宾补): ,主语+及物动词 复合宾语(宾语+宾补 e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展, 其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展, 变化或省略而构成. 变化或省略而构成.
(四)表语
表语用以说明主语的身份,特征和状态, 表语用以说明主语的身份,特征和状态, 它一般位于系动词( 它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后.表语一 等 之后. 般由名词,代词,形容词,分词,数词, 般由名词,代词,形容词,分词,数词, 不定式,动名词,介词短语, 不定式,动名词,介词短语,副词及表语 从句表示.例如: 从句表示.例如:
第四讲：简单句、并列句和复合句(句子按结构分类)
Does the shop close at 7 tonight?
9
连接成分
连接成分实际上是一个连词,用来连接两个或几个平行的
词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。
另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于
另一个句子（即从句）的连词。这类连词叫从属连词。从
属连词主要用于引导各种从句。
一个完整的句子（主句或从句）必须包含2个到4个基本成 分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他 的句子成分。
5
There is a book on the desk.
附属成分
基本成分的修饰语。可以是: • 定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 • 状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、 短语或从句。
定语
Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby． She likes oranges imported from the USA. John gave Mary many books,which are full of illustrations ． Have you seen the book on the desk? The boy playing over there is my brother.
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简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结 构）,它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种作 用中的一种。 • 作一种陈述 • 提出一个问题 • 发出一种命令或请求 • 表示一种感叹
Examples:
The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy.
The girl read the books. / The books pleased the girl.
简单句及并列句和复合句
一．五种简单句1.主语+不及物动词(主+谓)He laughed.2.主语+及物动词+宾语(主+谓+宾)I like Chinese food.3..主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(主+谓+宾1+宾2)She taught them physics.4.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补)We must keep the room warm.5. 主语+连系动词+表语(主+系+表)The weather is very cold.二．并列句He is a worker and I am a worker, too.He is very happy but his mother is very sad.上述两句地位一样，如同湖北的省长和湖南的省长一样，地位相等，称为并列句。
三．主从复合句If you are free, we will go to Beijing to play.前者地位低，为后面的主句服务，叫从句。
后者地位高，为主句。
两句合二为一，为主从复合句。
问题：主句与从句怎么辨别？四．从句种类很多。
句子成分划分：主语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，补语，表语，同位语。
（8种）（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）-----名词性从句（定语从句）------形容词性从句（状语从句）------副词性从句Whether we will go shopping depends on the weather.( )He said that he wanted to go to town. ( )That is what I wanted. ( )Y ou are the man who I am looking for. ( )I will help you although I am not very rich. ( )The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true. ( )。
简单句-并列句-复合句
简单句-并列句-复合句(总3页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--简单句、并列句和复合句一句子可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句:1) 简单句:有时句子虽长, 但只有一个主谓结构, 仍是简单句, 例如:Yesterday we went to an exhibition on the life and work of Lenin, the great revolutionary leader of the working class.有时一个句子有两个(或两个以上)并列的主语或谓语, 也仍然是简单句There he was a leader of the student movement and took an active part in revolutionary work. Both the teachers and the students were very active in physical labour.Comrade Yang and I often study together and help each other.2) 并列句:一个句子如果包含两个或更多的互不依从的主谓结构, 就称为并列句。
He was always close to the people, and the people loved him.I didn't make any mistakes in the test, but my handwriting was poor.Some are walking by the lake, others are sitting on the benches and chatting.并列的各个部分(即各个主谓结构)称为分句。
各个分句用并列连词(如 and, but 等)连接；在上下文紧密联系的情况下也可不用连词, 而以逗号隔开(如上面第三句)。
1. 讲学案(简单句 并列句 复合句 省略句)
高考复习专题融合串讲学案（简单句并列句复合句省略句）一.简单句简单句的定义：简单句就是由一个分句构成的句子。
在简单句中，分句和句子合二为一，从而结构合一，分句的成分就是句子的成分。
陈述句、疑问句和感叹句都可以在简单句中使用。
如：（1）In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States .你在来信中问到美国不同地区的时间问题。
（陈述句）（2）Is American country music about modern life ?美国乡村音乐写的是现代生活吗？（疑问句）（3）Wash your hands with soap at the end of your experiment . 在做完实验后要用肥皂洗干净你的双手。
（祈使句）（4）What a difficult case I must have been to this young teacher ! 对这位年轻教师来说，我是一个多么难教的学生啊！（感叹句）简单句的结构简单句包含一个分句，也就是一个“主语+谓语”（基本成分）的结构。
如：（1）It is a very slow task . 它是一项费时的工作。
（2）Flies and mosquitoes are very dangerous insects。
苍蝇和蚊子是害虫。
（主语并列）（3）He studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer . 他在业余时间学法律，还当了律师。
（谓语并列）（4）The north has warm , dry winters and hot , wet summers . 北方有温暖、干燥的冬天和炎热、潮湿的夏天。
（宾语并列）二.并列句并列句（compound sentence）就是由两个或两个以上的分句构成、且各个分句地位相等的句子。
句子结构：简单句、复合句、并列句的划分与运用
叙述事件：叙述一件事 情的发生过程
描述关系：描述事物之 间的关系或联系
复合句的划分与运
02
用
复合句的定义
复合句是由两个或 两个以上的简单句 组成的句子
复合句中的简单句 之间存在一定的逻 辑关系
复合句可以分为并 列复合句、转折复 合句、因果复合句 等类型
复合句的划分与运 用需要掌握句子成 分、句型结构等基 础知识
并列句的构成要素
并列句由两个 或两个以上的
分句组成
每个分句的语 法结构相同，
词性相同
每个分句表达 的意思相关， 可以独立成句
并列句的连接 词包括“和”、
“或”、 “既……又……”
等
并列句的类型
简单并列句：由两个或两个以上的简单句组成，每个简单句都表达一个完整的意思。
复杂并列句：由两个或两个以上的复杂句组成，每个复杂句都表达一个完整的意思。
简单句的构成要素
主语：句子的主要行 动者或接受者
谓语：表示主语的行 为或状态
宾语：表示动作的承 受者或结果
定语：修饰名词或代 词，表示其特征或属
性
状语：修饰动词、形 容词、副词，表示时 间、地点、方式等
补语：补充说明谓语 的结果或程度
同位语：对名词或代 词进行解释说明或补
充说明
插入语：对句子进行 补充说明或解释，不
同位语：对主语或宾语
进行补充说明
连词：连接句子成分， 表示逻辑关系
复合句的类型
名词性从句： 包括主语从句、 宾语从句、表
语从句等
定语从句：包 括限制性定语 从句和非限制
性定语从句
状语从句：包 括时间状语从 句、地点状语 从句、原因状
语从句等
同位语从句： 用于解释或说 明前面的名词
句子结构及种类
新高一衔接
新高一衔接学案（一） ：句子结构及种类
主备人： 审核： 学习目标： 复习词性及简单句的五种句型； 掌握句子成分（主、谓、宾、表、定、状、补及同位语）为高中语法 以及整个高中英语学习打下基础。 学习过程： 1. Categories of Words（词类） 请写出下列词性的简略形式并举例： 名词： ________ _____________ 动词： ________ ______________ 形容词：________ _____________ 副词： ________ ______________ 代词： ________ _____________ 数词： ________ ______________ 冠词： ________ _____________ 介词： ________ ______________ 连词： ________ _____________ 感叹词：________ ______________ 2. Basic Sentence Patterns（基本句子结构） 观察下列例句并予以总结 1). Autumn has come. Her father works in Nanjing. They are walking. Summary: ____________________________________ 2). I am a teacher. Everyone will grow old. It is getting late. The flowers smell sweet. Summary: ____________________________________ 3). My brother broke the window. He forgot to post the letter. Mary likes listening to music. Summary: ____________________________________ 4). He gave his sister a piano. She wrote him a long letter. Would you tell me where to get the ticket? Summary: ____________________________________ 5). I found him busy. The news made her happy. They consider Jim a good student. She kept us waiting. Summary: ____________________________________
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简单句、并列句和复合句导学案【学习目标】1、了解什么是简单句、并列句和复合句。
2、熟悉简单句五种基本句型。
3、掌握并列句中表并列、选择、转折和因果关系的连词;4、了解复合句中的三大从句。
5、根据上下文的逻辑关系确定合适的连词；【预习导学】句子按其结构可以分为___________、___________、___________三类。
一、简单句：只有一个_______（或并列_______）和一个_______（或并列_______）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.（一）简单句的五种基本句型1、_______+_______（vi.）e.g. The caris running fast.Theyworked day and night.2、_______+_______（vt.）+_______e.g. Henryboughta dictionary.Wecan playthe piano.3、_______+_______（vt.）+双宾语（_______宾语+_______宾语）：e.g. My fatherboughtmea car.=My fatherboughta car for me.IlentLi Haisome money.=Ilentsome money to Li Hai.4、_______+_______（vt.）+复合宾语（_______+_______）e.g. Tommadethe babylaugh.Ifoundthe bookvery interesting.5、_______+_______+_______e.g. Heisa student.The dishtastesdelicious.注：其他各种句子都可由这几种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
二、并列句：由_______连词（and, but, or等）或_______（；）把_______或_______以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
（二）并列句的分类1、联合关系常用的连词有_______( 同，和),_______(=and just at this time 就在这时，然后), ____________________________( 不仅……而且…… ), _______________________（既不……也不……）等。
如：(1) The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.(2) I was just leaving when the telephone rang.(3) Not only did he give us a lot of advice, but also he helped us to study English.(4) Neither has she changed her mind, nor will she do so.2、选择关系常用的连词有______ ( 或者，否则), _______( 否则), _______( 否则), ______________( 不是……就是，要么……，要么……；或者……或者…… ) 。
如：(1) Hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late.(2) You can stay here, or you can leave.(3) You must go early, otherwise you will miss the bus.(4) Either you come to my home or I get to yours.3、转折关系常用的连词有but( 但是，可是), while( 然而、可是), yet( 可是) 等。
如：(1) He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes livelyand interesting.(2) I like tea while she likes coffee.(3) She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.4、因果关系常用的连词有_____（因为,由于）和_____（所以，因此）等。
如：(1) It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.(2) I’m busy, so I can’t go with you.三、复合句：包含两个或多个主谓结构，并且，其中一个主谓结构充当_____，另一个或多个主谓结构为_____，充当该主句的_____、_____、_____、_____、_____或状语，这样的句子叫做复合句。
复合句包含：名词性从句（_______从句、_______从句、_______从句和_______从句）、_______从句和状语从句等。
e.g. That she was chosen made us very happy.She did not know what had happened.The question is whether we can get in touch with her.We heard the news that our team had won.This is the house where I lived two years ago．The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.【高考考点】1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。
虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。
2、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。
如：and, but, or, while以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。
3、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。
如：We will go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow。
【实战演练】一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：I hope you are very well（）. I'm fine, but tired（）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（）. August is the hottest month here（）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（）Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（）. But he employs more men for the harvest（）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here （）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（）. Every evening we pump water from a well（）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（）.Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（）. These parties often make us very happy（）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（）. It's great（）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（）. Some of my friends drink beer（）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（）. There are five different time areas in the States（）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（）. How many different time areas do you have in China（）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（）. Please give my best regards to your parents（）.三、选择填空：1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.A. andB. orC. ifD. so2. Train as hard as you can ____ you’ll win the swimming competition.A. thenB. butC. andD. or8. I’m sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.A. andB. butC. soD. because3. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, ____ others enjoy swimming.A. orB. forC. whileD. so4. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home?---- I’d like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so5. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.A. orB. soC. forD. yet6. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger.A. was makingB. makesC. is makingD. made7. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library.A. butB. andC. orD. yet8. ---- I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.---- ____ what you want and I can get it for you.A. Tell meB. If you would say to meC. You will tell meD. If you tell me9. ---- I thought you had an umbrella. ---- I had, ____ I’ve lost it.A. sinceB. butC. becauseD. so10. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.A. TurningB. To turnC. TurnedD. Turn11. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ fish.---- I don’t like chicken ____ I like fish very much.A. and, andB. and, butC. or, andD. or, but12. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight? ---- I’d like to, ____ I’m too busy.A. andB. soC. asD. but13. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?A. andB. thenC. orD. otherwise14. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.A. arrivingB. to arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived15. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A. whomB. whereC. whichD. while16. ____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave 17．Work hard，_______ you'll catch up with others．A．and B．but C．or D．for18．Be quick，_______ you'll be late for the football match．A．so B．but C．and D．or19．We bought Granny a present，_______ she didn't like it．A．but B．and C．when D．if20．That was our first lesson，_______ she didn't know all our names．A．for B．but C．so D．or21．The boy is only ten，_______ he can do some washing himself．A．though B．but C．or D．so22．He is listening to the music _______ she is washing clothes．A．after B．before C．that D．while23．He is rich，_______ he isn't happy．A．or B．so C．and D．but24．_______ Saturday _______ Sunday is OK．I will be free in these two days．A．Either；or B．Neither；nor C．Both；and D．One；the other 25．Mr．Zhang felt very tired，_______ he needed a good rest．A．and B．so C．or D．but26．_______ human beings（人类）_______ animals can live without air．A．Not only ；but also B．Both；and C．Either；or D．Neither；nor27．—Have you got any brothers _______ sisters？—I have a sister．A．nor B．or C．but D．for28．Jim is an American，_______ he can speak very good Chinese．A．if B．so C．but D．because。