太阳能热水器控制系统的设计

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太阳能热水器控制器的设计 摘 要 太阳能是现在社会巨大的能源，人们利用太阳能可以节省好多的能源，所以要好好利用太阳能，发挥它应有的作用。太阳能热水器因利用太阳能、无污染、使用方便、长期使用投入费用低等特点而倍受人们的青睐，得到很好的发展。 本设计以单片机89S52做为控制核心并协调整个系统的工作，通过数字温度传感器检测当前水的温度，由于是数字信号就直接送入单片机89S52内，通过单片机的处理在LED数码管上显示当前的温度值。另外一路是在水箱中的水压传感器测水的压力从而得到水位的高低，水压传感器输出的是0～5V的模拟量，要经过A/D转换成为数字量再送入单片机89S52进行处理，在LED数码管上显示水位值。按键用来设定想要控制的温度值，单片机在内部通过比较设定的温度和当前温度，当前温度小于设定温度时就会闭合电磁开关，开启加热装置。高于设定温度时断开开关停止加热。自动上水方面是设置水位的上限和下限，水位低于下限时就会闭合电磁开关，开始上水，当水位高于上线时就会自动断开电磁开关，停止上水。温度和水位值在时时检测，达到控制目的。

关键词：太阳能热水器,传感器,控制,单片机 II Design of Controller of Solar Water Heater ABSTRACT Solar energy is now a great resources, people use solar energy can save a lot of energy, so make good use of solar energy, to play its proper role. Solar water heater due to use of solar energy, no pollution, easy to use, long-term use of inputs and low cost has attracted people's favor, well developed. This design mostly 89S52 microcontroller core as a control and coordinate the work of the entire system, digital temperature sensor by detecting the current water temperature, because the number of digital signal directly into the MCU 89S52, through SCM handle LED digital tube displays the current temperature. Another way is the pressure in the tank pressure sensor measuring the water level to get the water level, water pressure sensor output is 0 ~ 5V for analog to go through A/D converted into digital and then processed into the MCU 89S52, in LED digital tube display level value. Button is used to set the desired temperature, microcontroller internally by comparing the set temperature and current temperature, current temperature is less than the set value will be closed when the electromagnetic switch, open the heating device. Sheung Shui aspect automatically set the upper limit water level, water level less than the lower limit will be closed electromagnetic switch, will begin to water, the water level reaches the line is automatically disconnected when the electromagnetic switch, stop watering . Temperature and water values detect constantly to controlling purposes.

KEY WORDS: Solar heater, Sensor, control ,MCU III 目 录 摘要 ..................................................................... I ABSTRACT ................................................................ II 1 前言 ................................................................... 1 1.1 课题背景和意义 .................................................... 1 1.2 本课题研究内容与主要工作 .......................................... 2 1.3 本课题的研究预期成果 .............................................. 2 2 总体系统设计 ........................................................... 3 3 总体硬件设计 ........................................................... 4 3.1 系统总体硬件框图与工作原理 ........................................ 4 3.2 温度传感器 ........................................................ 4 3.2.1 温度传感器DS18B20 ........................................... 4 3.2.2 DS18B20的结构 ............................................... 6 3.3 水压传感器及A/D转换 .............................................. 7 3.3.1 水压传感器 .................................................. 7 3.3.2 ADC0832结构及原理 ........................................... 7 3.4 电磁开关电路及原理 ................................................ 8 3.4.1 光电隔离器的原理 ............................................ 9 3.4.2 电磁继电器的原理 ........................................... 10 3.5 单片机控制系统 ................................................... 11 3.6 LED数码管显示电路 ............................................... 13 3.7按键电路设计 ..................................................... 15 4 软件设计方案 .......................................................... 16 4.1 DS18B20驱动程序设计 ............................................. 17 4.1.1 DS18B20工作过程及时序 ...................................... 17 4.1.2 DS18B20的驱动程序 .......................................... 19 4.2串行AD转换器ADC0832程序设计 .................................... 21 4.3 按键控制程序设计 ................................................. 25 IV 4.4 LED数码管显示程序设计 ........................................... 27 5 硬件电路仿真结果 ...................................................... 30 5.1 温度仿真 ......................................................... 30 5.1.1 温度显示仿真 ............................................... 30 5.1.2 温度控制仿真 ............................................... 30 5.2 水位仿真 ......................................................... 32 5.2.1 水位显示仿真 ............................................... 32 5.2.2 水位控制仿真 ............................................... 32 5.3 仿真结果分析 ..................................................... 33 致谢 .................................................................... 35 参考文献 ................................................................ 36 附录Ⅰ 系统总原理图 ..................................................... 37 附录Ⅱ 系统源程序 ....................................................... 38