高级英语1 lesson 6 课文翻译及词汇
高级英语课文翻译(上册)
课文翻译(Translation of the text)第一课超级摇滚巨星——关于我们自己和我们的社会，他们告诉我们些什么？摇滚乐是青少年反叛的音乐。
一—摇滚乐评论家约翰·罗克韦尔由其崇拜的人即可知其人。
——小说家罗伯特·佩恩·沃伦1972年6月中旬的一天，芝加哥圆形露天剧场里观众如潮，群情激昂，狂摇猛摆。
台上，滚石乐队的米克·贾格尔正在演唱“午夜漫步人”。
演唱结束时评论家唐·赫克曼在现场。
他说：“贾格尔抓起一个装有半加伦水的罐子沿着舞台前沿跑动，把里面的水往前几排狂热的听众身上洒。
他们蜂拥地跟随他，热切地希望能淋上几滴这洗礼的圣水。
”1973年12月下旬的一天，大约一万四千名尖声叫喊的歌迷在华盛顿市外的首都中心剧场嘈杂地涌向台前。
美国的恐怖歌星艾利斯·库珀正要结束自己表演。
他借助断头台假装结束自己生命来结束表演。
他的“头”落人一个草篮中。
“啊！”一个穿黑衣服的女孩惊呼道，“啊，太了不起了！”十四岁的迈克·玻利也在场，但他的父母并不在。
“他们觉得他令人恶心，”迈克说，“他们对我说，‘你怎么能忍受那种东西？’”1974年1月下旬的一天，在纽约州尤宁代尔的拿骚体育馆里，鲍勃·狄伦和乐队正在为音乐会上用的乐器调音。
场外瓢泼大雨中，摇滚乐迷克利斯·辛格正等着入场。
“这是朝圣，”克利斯说，“我应该跪着爬进去。
”你是如何看待所有这些溢美之词与英雄崇拜？当米克·贾格尔迷们把他视为至高的神父或神明时，你是赞成他们还是反对他们？你和克利斯·辛格一样对鲍勃·狄伦怀有几乎是宗教般的崇敬吗？你认为他或狄伦步入歧途了吗？你是否嫌艾利斯·库珀表演恶心而不接受他？还是你莫名其妙地被这个怪异的小丑吸引，因为他表现了你最疯狂的幻想？这并非是些随便问问的问题。
有些社会学家认为，你对这些问题的回答，很能说明你在想些什么，社会在想些什么。
《高级英语》课文逐句翻译（6）
lesson6 ⼀个好机会 Lesson Six A Good Chance 我到鸭溪时，喜鹊没在家，我和他的妻⼦阿⽶莉亚谈了谈。
When I got to Crow Creek， Magpie was not home. I talked to his wife Amelia. “我要找喜鹊，”我说，“我给他带来了好消息。
”我指指提着的箱⼦，“我带来了他的诗歌和⼀封加利福尼亚⼤学的录取通知书，他们想让他来参加为印第安⼈举办的艺术课。
” “I need to find Magpie，” I said. “I've really got some good news for him.” I pointed to the briefcase I was carrying. “I have his poems and a letter of acceptance from a University in California where they want him to come and participate in the Fine Arts Program they have started for Indians.” “你知道他还在假释期间吗？” “Do you know that he was on parole？” “这个，不，不⼤清楚。
”我犹豫着说，“我⼀直没有和他联系，但我听说他遇到了些⿇烦。
” “Well， no， not exactly，” I said hesitantly， “I haven't kept in touch with him but I heard that he was in some kind of trouble. 她对我笑笑说：“他已经离开很久了。
你知道，他在这⼉不安全。
他的假释官随时都在监视他，所以他还是不到这⼉来为好，⽽且我们已经分开⼀段时间了，我听说他在城⾥的什么地⽅。
现代大学英语精读1 UNIT6 The Green Banana 课文翻译
2014101018第六单元Translation of Text A青香蕉1尽管这种事情在任何地方都可能发生，但我与青香蕉的邂逅却源自于巴西腹地一条险峻的山路上。
我那老式吉普车正吃力地穿过景色优美的乡村，这时，水箱突然漏水了，而离我最近的汽车修理站也还要十英里。
发动机过热迫使我在临近的村庄停了下来。
村里有一个小商店和分布在四处的几座房子。
有村民围过来看，三股细细的热水柱从水箱外壳上的小孔喷出来。
“这容易解决，”一个人说到。
他让一个小男孩跑去拿些青香蕉来。
这个人还拍了拍我的肩膀，安慰我问题会解决的。
“青香蕉。
”他笑了，其余的人都这么说着。
2我和他们闲聊起来，心里却一直在想他们用这青香蕉怎么能修补好水箱。
毫无疑问，提问会暴露我的无知，因此我开始赞叹眼前美丽的乡村景色。
耸立在我们周围巨大的岩石群，很像里约热内卢著名的糖面包山。
“看见那边那块高高的岩石了吗？”那人指着一块特别高而且细长的黑色石柱问我，“那块岩石标志着世界的中心。
”3我看着他，想知道他是否在和我开玩笑，但他却表情严肃，反过来认真地审视着我，似乎想确定我是否领会了他那句话的深刻含义。
这种情况要求我必须表现出认同。
他点头说：“绝对是中心。
这儿的人都知道。
”4这时，小男孩抱着青香蕉回来了。
那个男子把其中一根掰成两半，将其断口处按在水箱的外壳上。
香蕉遇到炙热的金属融成了胶，立刻就堵住了漏洞。
面对如此情景，我惊呆了，我当时的表情一定是傻傻的，所有的人都笑了起来。
他们把我的水箱装满水，又让我带上一些香蕉，以防沿途中水箱再出问题。
路上，我又用了一次青香蕉，一个小时后，我开着车到达了目的地。
当地的一修理工笑着问我：“谁教你用青香蕉的？”我告诉了他那个村子的名字。
“他们有没有指给你看标志世界中心的那块岩石?”他问道。
我告诉他，他们指给我看了。
“我祖父就是那儿的人，”他说，“那的确是中心。
一直以来这儿的人都知道。
”5作为美国教育的产物，除了把青香蕉当作还没长熟的水果，我从来就没注意过它。
高级英语(第三版)第一册第六课 Mark Train[精]
![高级英语(第三版)第一册第六课 Mark Train[精]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/27c89c7269eae009581becfc.png)
• As a man, he grew up with America as a country (a young country)
His love/feeling for his country was profound. profound anger/ shock/ disagreement. a profound idea, work, person---shows great intellectual depth and understanding. This book is full of profound insights 深邃的见解.
Part Two
Paragraphs 2-6
His Life
______ Historic Events of USA
Tramp printer
River pilot --
Prosperous Mississippi River
Transcontinental Railroads
Guerrilla –
The Civil War
Prospector --
deal, obsess with , frailties
• deal sb. a blow… to cause sb. great difficulties
He dealt me a hard blow on the chin The news dealt me a severe blow
• obsess: v . To occupy the mind of excessively, keep thinking about sth and find it difficult to think about anything else. 使着迷, 困扰
高级英语(1)第三版 Lesson 6 Mark Twain Paraphrase&Translation 答案
1) Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure2) The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied-- a cosmos.3) All would resurface in his books, together with the colorful language that he soaked up with a memory that seemed phonographic4) Steamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but its flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as well.5) He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada's Washoe region.6) Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.7) "It was a splendid population – for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home...8) 'Well, that is California all over’'"9) "What a robust people, what a nation of thinkers we might be, if we would only lay ourselves on the shelf occasionally and renew our edges."10) The last of his own illusions seemed to have crumbled near the end.参考答案1) Mark Twain is known to most Americans as the author of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and its sequel Huckleberry Finn, which are generally acknowledged to be his greatest works. Huck Finn is noted for his simple and pleasant journey through his boyhood which seems eternal and Tom Sawyer is famous for his free roam of the country and his adventure in one summer which seems never to end. The youth and summer are eternal because this is the only age and time we knew them. They are frozen in that age or season for all readers.2) In his new profession he could meet people of all kinds. His work on the boat made it possible for him to meeta large variety of people. It is a world of all types of characters.3) All would reappear in his books, written in the colorful language that he seemed to be able to remember and record as accurately as a phonograph.4) Steamboat decks were filled with people of pioneering spirit (people who explored and prepared the way for others) and also lawless people or social outcasts such as hustlers, gamblers and thugs.5) He took a horse-drawn public vehicle and went west to Nevada, following the flow of people in the Gold Rush.6) Mark Twain began working hard to became well known locally as a newspaper reporter and humorist.7) Those who came pioneering out west were energetic, courageous and reckless people, because those who stayed at home were slow, dull and lazy people.8) That's typical of California.9) If we relaxed, rested or stayed away from all this crazy struggle for success occasionally and kept the daring and enterprising spirit, we would be able to remain strong and healthy and continue to produce great thinkers. 10) At the end of his life, he lost the last bit of his positive view of man and the world.1）汤姆很聪明，丝毫不亚于班上的第一名学生。
高级英语第一册unit6 blackmail
• Arthur Hailey
• Blackmail ( n.) :the obtaining of money or advancement by threatening to make known unpleasant facts about a person or group敲诈；勒索 ;（盗匪征收的）保护费;免 抢税 ( vt. )胁迫;勒索;敲诈;讹诈 • 随着故事的发展,作者对“讹诈”的对象进行巧妙 置换,从而使故事结局发生戏剧性逆转--由“侦探 长对公爵夫妇的讹诈”转为“公爵夫妇对侦探长 的讹诈”,旅馆警长由掌握罪证主动出击的强势 交际角色到被动服从的弱势社会角色的转换， 公爵夫人由被讹诈的弱势交际角色到强势社会 角色的回归,揭露社会权力拥有者对弱势阶层的 统治和控制。
• 6. the moon-faced male secretary: (line.9) • the moon – faced male用了暗喻的修辞。 在此暗指男秘书比较怯懦阴柔， 公爵夫妇 可以随时把他解雇。 • The use of male before secretary is to avoid possibility of the reader‟s assuming otherwise, for commonly in the U.S. secretaryship is the female profession.
• ① The chief house officer, Ogilvie, who had declared he would appear at the Croydons suite an hour after his cryptic telephone call actually took twice that time. As a result the nerves of both the Duke and Duchess were excessively frayed when the muted buzzer of the outer door eventually sounded.
高级英语第一册课文翻译,词汇,课后答案6,7课
第六课讹诈阿瑟•黑利负责饭店保安工作的欧吉维探长打了那个神秘的电话，本来说好一个小时后光临克罗伊敦夫妇所住的套房的，可实际上却过了两个小时才到。
结果，当外间门上的电铃终于发出沉闷的嗡嗡声时，公爵夫妇的神经都紧张到了极点。
公爵夫人亲自去开门。
此前她早已借故把女仆支开，并且狠心地给那位脸儿圆圆的、见到狗就怕得要死的男秘书派了一个要命的差事，让他牵着贝德林顿狼犬出去散步。
想到这两个人随时都会回来，她自己的紧张情绪怎么也松弛不下来。
随着欧吉维进屋的是一团雪茄烟雾。
当他随着她走进起居室时，公爵夫人目光直射着这个大肥佬嘴里叼着的那烧了半截的雪茄。
“我丈夫和我都讨厌浓烈的烟味，您行行好把它灭了吧!”探长那双夹在面部隆起的肉堆中的猪眼睛轻蔑地将她上下打量了一番。
接着，他便移动目光，对这个宽敞豪华、设备齐全的房间扫视了一周，看到了那位正背朝窗户、神色茫然地望着他们的公爵夫人。
“你们这套房间布置得倒挺讲究的呢。
”欧吉维慢条斯理地从口中拿下雪茄，敲掉烟灰，然后将烟蒂扔向靠右边的一个装饰性壁炉，但他失了准头，烟蒂掉到地毯上，他也不去管它。
公爵夫人的嘴唇绷得紧紧的。
她没好气地说道，“我想你该不是为谈论房间布置到这儿来的吧。
”他乐得咯咯直笑，肥胖的身子也跟着抖动起来。
“不是的，夫人，怎么会呢!不过，我确实喜爱高雅的东西。
”他压低了他那极端刺耳的尖嗓音接着说，“比如像你们那辆小轿车，就是停在饭店的那辆，美洲虎牌，是的吧?”“噢!”这声音不像是从口中说出来的，倒像是从克罗伊敦公爵鼻子中呼出来的。
他的夫人马上瞪了他一眼，以示警告。
“我们的车子与你有什么相干呢?”公爵夫人的这句问话似乎是个信号，一听到这个信号，探长的态度马上就变了。
他猝然问道，“这儿还有别的人么?”公爵回答道，“没有。
我们早把他们都打发出去了。
”“还是检查一下的好。
”这个大胖子以敏捷得出奇的动作对整个套房前前后后地巡查了一遍，凡是有门的地方就打开往里看看。
显然，他对整套房间布局是极为熟悉的。
高级英语第一册lesson6-Blackmail-课文详解2-detail-study、背景知识、文章结构及修辞学习
高级英语第一册lesson6-Blackmail-课文详解2-detail-study、背景知识、文章结构及修辞学习高级英语第一册lesson6 Blackmail 课文详解2 detail study、背景知识、文章结构及修辞学习2008-02-11 12:11:18| 分类：默认分类| 标签：|字号大中小订阅高级英语第一册lesson6 Blackmail 课文详解2 detail study、背景知识、文章结构及修辞学习2007年01月01日星期一下午11:4896. bulbous: shaped like a bulb, swelling and disgustingly fat and roundbulbous dome / nose97. peremptorily: (fml) showing an expectation of being obeyed at once and without questi on, impolitely and unfriendly, commanding, insisting obedience98. rivet: metal pin for fasten plates.to hold or fasten with or as if with rivetscf: glare, stare, fix99. feature: any of the noticeable parts of the facea man with Oriental featuresHer mouth is her worst feature / best feature, like a cherry.100. set in a mould:When you take a picture, you set your body, your countenance ...in a certain way. That is to set in a mould.(A lame one-eyed king taking a picture)mould (Am.E) = mould (Br.E): character, distinctive nature, a person's character, nature, et c., considered as having been shaped by family type, education, training, experience, etc.Be cast in a mould of a particular kind means to have the characteristics, attitudes, behavio ur or lifestyle that are typical of that kind of personbe made / cast in mould ofHe is made in his father's mould. (He has the same personality and character as his father' s)101. imperious: in tensely compelling, marked by arrogant assurance, dominating. This wo rd is related to imperial.The whole sentence can be paraphrased as follows:Her handsome high-cheekboned features were set in a way which shows her imperial char acter.102. respite: a short period of pause or rest, during a time of great effort pain, or trouble, a t ime of relief (as from labour, suffering or war) or delay (as before sentencing or executing).The patient said he never had any respite from the pain.Sentence sb. to death with 2-years' respite.103. bore: make a hole inThis machine can bore through solid rock.104. swallow: to take back, to keep from expressing or showing, to accept without question ing, protest or resentmentto swallow one's words: take back what was said105. sullen: silently bad-tempered, unforgiving, dark, gloomylook sullen, to wear a sullen look106. comply: act according to a demand, order, ruleto comply with the law / regulations107. vacillation: hesitation, uncertainty, waver, continuous changing of one's opinionsThis word implies prolonged hesitation resulting from one's inability to reach a decisionHe vacillates between accepting & not accepting.The earthquake caused the entire house vacillate.108. dally: to waste time or be slowDon't dally or we'll be late.dally over one's work109. bulge: to swell out as a result of the pressure from within110. bead: small ball of glass or other material with a hole through it for a string worn with other others on a thread, esp. round the neck for ornament.She is wearing a string of green beads.背景知识Background informationTitle of the novel: HotelSetting:The story happened in a hotel named St. Gregory /'greg ri/ in New Orleans, Louisiana which is in the south of US.Main character of the novel:Peter McDermott, assistant general managerMain characters in this part of the novel:Ogilvie: chief house officerthe Duke of Croydon: newly appointed British ambassador to the United Statesthe Duchess of Croydon: wife of the Dukea prostitute called lady friend by OgilviePlot:Gregory was now at the brink of bankruptcy, but Peter McDermott is trying every means he could to save it.Several events happened during the week with the present text as part of it.The Duke of Croydon was an internationally famous statesman and the newly appointed Br itish ambassador to Washington. They occupied the best suite of the hotel.Monday evening, the Duke went to the gambling house. Later, his wife pursued and found him. On their way back, the car Jaguar knocked down a woman and her child. Both killed.Then we have the present text....At one o'clock Thursday morning, Ogilvie drove the car north. But he was seen leaving the hotel by McDermott. Later in the afternoon, McDermott witnessed the funeral of the two victims o f the accident. He suddenly realized the relation between these two events and contacted police.Ogilvie was caught in Tennessee and sent back to New Orleans.The Duke decided to go to the police to confess his crime (to surrender himself / to give hi mself up). But he was hurled out the elevator due to the breakdown of it. He hit the cement groun d and died instantly.Anyway, the novel had a pleasant ending.One of the guests, who looked old and sick, turned out to be a millionaire. Earlier he was s eriously ill and was saved by McDermott and his girl friend. To show his gratitude and to repay t he hotel staffs' kindness, he bought the hotel and appointed McDermott executive vice president of the hotel.This kind of novels are called thrillers. Generally defining, a thriller is a work of fiction or dr ama designed to hold the interest by the use of a high degree of intrigue, adventure or suspense. (thrill: to cause sudden strong feeling of joy, fear, excitement, pleasure etc. that seems to flow r ound the body like a wave)Others can be called cop-criminal novels, detective novels. The main purpose is for enterta inment, amusement. Very often this kind of novels contain a lot of action, usu. suspension, not v ery much deep thought, without moral intention, not considered classic.The basic technique is to make the whole story of crime into sth. like a jigsaw puzzle. You c an not see the outcome until the final part is put in.文章结构Structural and stylistic analysisPart 1. PreludeThe chief house officer...Ogilvie remained standing {p.84 (old book, ditto)}.Section 1. The chief house officer...that both might return at any moment.The setting, main characters, and the suspension.Section 2. A wave of cigar smoke...Ogilvie remained standing.The preliminary encounter between the house detective and the Croydons.Part 2: Process of unveiling the crimeNow then...the Duchess turned away (p. 89).Section 1. Now then...Now we're getting somewhere (p. 86).First round of clash. the Duke confessed his crime.Section 2. Wearily, in a gesture...I can prove all I need to (p.87).Second round of clash. Ogilvie spelt out what he found out about the activity of the Croydo ns and tried to confirm all the detailed. The Duchess tried to win back the upper hand.Section 3. The Duke cautioned...the Duchess turned away (p. 89).The Croydons realized that they were convicted of the crime. The conviction was undeniabl e.Part 3. The Dirty DealSection 1. Her husband asked...You people are hot (p.91).Eliminating the possibility of having the car repaired in New Orleans.The possibility of not being found.Section 2. The Duchess ...Or had they? (p. 93)The interior monologue of the Duchess. Her judgement, analysis and calculation of the situ ation, weighing the advantages and disadvantages, the pros and cons.Section 3. (The Duchess faced Ogilvie... the silence hung (p. 94)The Duchess' decision to gamble on the greed of the house detective.Section 4. The ending.The dirty deal reached.修辞学习RHETORICMetaphor:...the nerves of both ... were excessively frayed...his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.The words spat forth with sudden savagery.Her tone ...withered......self-assurance...flickered...The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind. Her voice was a whiplash.eyes bored into himI’ll spell it out.Euphemism:...and you took a lady friend.Metonymy:won 100 at the tableslost it at the barthey'll throw the book,...Onomatopoeia:appreciative chuckleclucked his tongue。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
课文翻译第6课马克•吐温——美国的一面镜子(节选)诺埃尔•格罗夫在大多数美国人的心目中，马克•吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克•费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆•索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。
但我发现还有另一个不同的马克•吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克•吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。
印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克•吐温原名塞缪尔•朗赫恩•克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。
他的笔名取自他在蒸汽船上做工时听到的报告水深为两口寻(12英尺)——意即可以通航的信号语。
他的作品中有二十几部至今仍在印行，其外文译本仍在世界各地拥有读者，由此可见他的享誉程度。
在马克•吐温青年时代，美国的地理中心是密西西比河流域，而密西西比河是这个年轻国家中部的交通大动脉。
龙骨船、平底船和大木筏载运着最重要的商品。
木材、玉米、烟草、小麦和皮货通过这些运载工具顺流而下，运送到河口三角洲地区，而砂糖、糖浆、棉花和威士忌酒等货物则被运送到北方。
在19世纪50年代，西部领土开发高潮到来之前，辽阔的密西西比河流域占美国已开发领土的四分之三。
1857年，少年马克•吐温作为蒸汽船上的一名小领航员踏人了这片天地。
在这个新的工作岗位上，他接触到的是各式各样的人物，看到的是一个多姿多彩的大干世界。
他完全地投身到这种生活之中，经常在操舵室里听着人们谈论民间争斗、海盗抢劫、私刑案件、游医卖药以及河边的一些化外民居的故事。
所有这一切，连同他那像留声机般准确可靠的记忆所吸收的丰富多彩的语言，后来都有机会在他的作品中得以再现。
蒸汽船的甲板上不仅挤满了富有开拓精神的人们，而且也载着一些娼妓、赌棍和歹徒等社会渣滓。
从所有这些形形色色的人身上，马克•吐温敏锐地认识了人类，认识了人们的言与行之间的差距。
他在蒸汽船上工作的四年半时间是他真正接受教育的开端，而且也是最具有深远意义的教育。
到了晚年，马克•吐温还声言是密西西比河使他了解了各种各样的人的本性。
这种生活体验对他的全部创作都起了促进作用，然而他描写得最为成功的还是那些密西西比河上的人物。
随着铁路运输的发展，社会上对汽船领航员的需求日渐减少，而内战的爆发又阻碍了商业贸易的发展。
这时，马克•吐温便离开了密西西比河流域。
他在南方邦联游击队的一支杂牌队伍里当了两个星期的兵。
那支队伍想方设法避免与敌军交战。
在确信“我比发明撤退的人更精通撤退”之后，马克•吐温离开了那支队伍。
他乘驿站马车来到西部，在内华达州的华苏地区受到当时正流行的淘金热的诱惑。
同那只有既幸运而又锲而不舍的追求者才能取得的巨大财富三心二意地打了八个月交道之后，他遭到了失败。
在破产和灰心之余，他接受了为弗吉尼亚市《领土开发报》当记者的工作，这一行动将获得文学界永久的感激。
自从他因淘金失败而感到心灰意冷之后，马克•吐温便开始努力博取作为一名报社记者和幽默作家的地区性声望。
从事新闻报道工作当然不能使他像淘金成功者一样立成巨富，但在挣钱方面他的笔杆却比他的锄镐要有效得多。
1864年春季，在他加盟《领土开发报》还不足两年之时，他又乘驿站马车前往旧金山，那儿在当时和现在都是有前途的年轻作家成长的摇篮。
马克•吐温磨炼并试验了他的新笔力，但他却因写了一些尖锐的评论文章而被迫暂时离开这座城市。
他围绕着虐待华人等一类问题对市政府提出的尖锐批评惹得一些官员大为恼火，因之他只好逃到萨克拉门托山谷的金矿区暂避风头。
他对那儿的拓荒者们的描写使西海岸地区富有创新精神的现代人倍感亲切。
“这儿的人们真是了不起——因为那些笨手笨脚、无精打彩、呆头呆脑的懒汉都呆在家里……正是那些人们为加利福尼亚赢得了这样的声誉：当他们着手进行一项宏伟的事业时，他们会不计代价或风险而以一种豪迈的气概和闯劲勇往直前，一千到底。
加利福尼亚人至今仍保持着这样的声誉，因而，每当他们发起一项新的惊天动地的壮举时，那些素来稳重的人便会像往常一样微笑着说：‘看吧，这完全是加利福尼亚的风格’。
”1864年与1865年之交的那个冬天，马克•吐温是在安吉尔斯矿区度过的。
在这段沉闷的日子里，他记了一本笔记。
在杂乱无章的有关天气情况和乏味无趣的有关矿区饭食情况的记录条目中夹着一条叙述当天听到的一则故事的记录——这条记录决定了他一生事业的发展方向：“科尔曼用他的跳蛙——与陌生人赌50美元——陌生人没有跳蛙，科尔曼去给他弄来一只——陌生人利用这段时间将科的跳蛙肚子塞满铅弹，这样，科的跳蛙跳不起来，陌生人的跳蛙便得以获胜。
”经过马克•吐温的生花妙笔改写之后，这个故事登在美国各地的报纸上，成了家喻户晓的“卡拉韦拉斯县有名的跳蛙”。
至此，马克•吐温作为“太平洋海岸狂放的幽默大师”的声望已在全国范围内牢固地确立起来了。
两年之后，他得到了一个以美国人特有的眼光去观察欧洲旧大陆的机会。
在纽约市，“费城号”蒸汽船准备进行一次到欧洲和圣地的观光航行。
这是美国人第一次组织较大规模的团体观光旅行——也可以看作是一个国家发展史上的某种里程碑。
马克•吐温作为加利福尼亚一家报纸的记者被委派随同观光团采访。
如果读者们期望能读到有关这次旅行见闻的神采飞扬的描写的话，那他们是要倍感意外的。
举例来说，他对于那没有给他留下什么好印象的土耳其君主苏丹是这样报道的，“人们可以任意选择一个地方设一个陷阱，一夜之间准可捕捉到十几个更有能耐的人。
”他信口开河地对一些受人景仰的艺术家和艺术珍品加以鄙薄，甚至对宗教圣地也敢于以亵渎性的言辞加以侮蔑。
回国以后，越来越多的报纸开始刊登他的文章，整个美国都同他一齐欢笑。
他一回到美国，他的旅行杂记《傻子出国旅行记》立即成为畅销书。
三十六岁时，马克•吐温开始定居于康涅狄格州哈特福德镇，他的最优秀的作品全是在那段时间里问世的。
早在1870年，马克•吐温就试着写了一篇关于一个他名之为比利•罗杰斯的男孩子的童年历险故事。
两年后，他又将主人公的名字改为汤姆，并着手将故事改编成剧本。
直到1874年他才开始认真地扩展故事情节。
《汤姆•索亚》于1876年出版后，很快成为美国儿童故事的经典之作。
这部描写汤姆的顽皮、勇敢、机智以及他对贝琪•莎切尔的天真纯洁的感情的故事几乎像《独立宣言》一样成了今天美国学校里的必读书本。
马克•吐温本人的独立宣言却是由另一个人物表达出来的。
在《汤姆•索亚》第六章里，他引出了“村里的流浪少年，镇上酒鬼的儿子哈克贝利•费恩”。
哈克不愿在清教徒道格拉斯寡妇家过上等人的体面生活，从那里逃出来后对他的朋友汤姆•索亚发牢骚说：“我试过了，还是不行；不行啊，汤姆。
那不是我过的日子……那寡妇家吃饭要听钟声，睡觉要听钟声，起床也要听钟声，什么事情都得规规矩矩，简直叫人受不了。
”《汤姆•索亚》风靡美国九年之后，哈克被赋予独立的生命，成为一本被许多人认为是最成功的描写美国人的作品的书中的主人公。
他同一个逃跑出来的奴隶一起乘坐木筏沿着密西西比河顺流而下的漂流航程展现了一幅幅揭示美国社会生活全貌的生动画面。
通过对密西西比河，尤其是对哈克•费恩这一人物的描写，马克•吐温将自己想从那束缚着自己并常常令自己苦恼的生活步调中摆脱出来，从生活中的各种清规戒律以及为了事业成功而进行的艰苦挣扎中解放出来的愿望表达得淋漓尽致。
马克•吐温认为，美国人的理想中缺少了一种成分。
他说：“我们只消偶尔地躺下来好好放松休息一下，保持锋棱利角，我们将有可能成为一个多么朝气蓬勃的民族，一个多么富有思想的民族啊!”马克•吐温的一生都笼罩在悲剧的阴影之中，自己的亲人一个接一个地去世：他的父亲在他十二岁那年死于肺炎，他的兄弟亨利在一次汽船爆炸事故中遇难；他的儿子朗顿才满十九个月即离开人世。
他的大女儿苏茜死于脊膜炎；克莱门斯夫人在佛罗伦萨死于心脏病；而他的小女儿也因癫痫病的发作淹死在楼上的浴盆里。
这位曾令全世界欢笑的人自己却饱尝了人世的辛酸。
他早期作品中的道德说教厚厚地包着一层幽默的外衣，现在幽默换成了辛辣的讽刺。
对于美国军队在一个火山口上屠杀六百名菲律宾摩洛人的行为，他没有直接进行抨击，而是假装为之高唱赞歌。
在《神秘的陌生人》中，他指出人类应该抛弃宗教幻想，依靠自己而不是上帝的力量去创造一个更加美好的世界。
他自己的最后一个幻想到后来似乎也破灭了。
在晚年口述自传的时候，他以极端绝望的心情谈到人从尘世的苦难中的最终解脱：“……他们从世界上消失了，在这个世界上他们无足轻重，无所成就；甚至他们的存在本身就是个错误，是个失败，是种愚蠢。
这个世界上也没有留下丝毫能表明他们存在过的痕迹。
这个世界赠给他们的只是一日的哀伤和永久的遗忘。
”词汇短语词汇(Vocabulary):pastoral or picturesque；pleasing and simple 田园诗的；田园风光的；生动逼真的；质朴宜人的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:believing that people are notivated in all their actions only by selfishness；denying the sincerity of people's motives and actions，or the value of living玩世不恭的；愤世嫉俗的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:haunt or trouble in mind，esp. to an abnormal degree；preoccupy greatly使分心；使心神困扰(尤指精神反常、着迷)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:the quality or condition of being frail；weakness(esp. moral weakness)脆弱性；虚弱性(尤指意志薄弱)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:the act of tramping；a journey on foot；hike步行；徒步旅行----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a person who prospects for valuable ores，oil，etc．(矿藏等的)勘探者；探矿者----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:with the eyes sparkling in a glow of wonder，romance，visionary dreams，etc．过于理想的；不切实际的；盲目乐观的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:sharp，sarcastic in speech说话尖刻的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a cynical person玩世不恭的人；好挖苦人的人；愤世嫉俗的人----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:wide and deep enough，or free enough from obstructions，to be traveled on by vessels可行船的；可通航的；可航行的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:serve as proof of；demonstrate；make clear作为……的证据，为……作证；论证；表明----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a main road or channel干线，干道，大路；干渠----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a large，shallow freight boat with a keel，formerly used on the Mississippi，Missouri，etc．(旧时密西西比河、密苏西河等用的)龙骨船----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a boat with a flat bottom，for carrying freight in shallow waters or on rivers平底船----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a thick，usually dark brown syrup produced during／he refining of sugar，or from sorghum，etc．糖蜜，糖浆----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:an inexperienced，awkward youth阅历浅的年轻人----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:the universe considered as a harmonious and orderly system宇宙----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a bitter，long—continued，and deadly quarrel，esp. between clans of families(尤指部落或家族间的)世仇，累世宿仇，夙怨，长期不和----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:[Am．]murder(an accused person)by mob action and without lawful trial，as by hanging[美]私刑处死----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:[Am．]of a phonograph or the sounds made by sb. [美]留声机的，唱机的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:be full，as though ready to bring forth young；abound；swarm充满；富于；大量地出现；涌现----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:transient，unemployed people；vagrants流离失所者，流浪者，游民；失业者；被毁掉的人----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:[Am．slang]a prostitute[美俚]妓女----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a rough，brutal hoodlum，gangster，robber，etc．恶棍；暴徒；强盗----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:having or composed of many different or clashing elements；heterogeneous混乱的；杂乱的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:①give way(to)；yield；submit ②die ①屈服，屈从(常与to连用)②死----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:the rapid，widespread occurrence of a fad，fashion，etc．(风尚、风气、爱好等的)一时流行，风行----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:trifle or toy(with)玩弄，戏耍；做着玩；不认真地对待，不认真地考虑(常与with 连用)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:1ike a colossus in size；huge；gigantic；enormous巨大的，庞大的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:check or repulse挫败；阻止----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:[colloq．]having little or no money；bankrupt[口]无钱的，身无分文的；破了产的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:sharpen with or as with a hone把……放在磨石上磨----------------------------------------------------------------------------------: searing；withering；injurious；harsh or caustic严厉的，尖刻的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:slow or slow—moving；not active；dull(行动)缓慢的；迟钝的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a lazy person懒汉----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:bewilder with sudden surprise；astonish greatly；amaze使震惊，使惊愕，使大吃一惊----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:long or verbose and vearisome；triesome；boring冗长乏味的；使人厌倦的；沉闷的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a lecture on travels, usually accompanied by the showing of pictures旅行见闻讲座----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:a Moslem ruler苏丹(一些伊斯兰教国家统治者的称号)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:[Am．colloq．]expose the false or exaggerated claims，pretensions，glamour，etc．[美口]揭露，揭发，揭穿----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:regard with deep respect，love，and awe；venerate尊敬，崇敬；敬畏----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:the quality of being ingenious；cleverness，originality，skill，etc．机灵，机智，足智多谋；独创性，创造力；熟练，巧妙----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:young and youthful年轻的；青年的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:any person despised or rejected by others；outcast为社会所遗弃者；流浪者----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:extremely or excessively strict in matters of morals and religion宗教(或道德)上极端拘谨的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:an unlimited view in all directions全景；全图----------------------------------------------------------------------------------:be regretful or sorry about懊悔，悔恨，对……深感遗憾----------------------------------------------------------------------------------sap ( v．) :undermine in any way；weaken；exhaust削弱；耗竭----------------------------------------------------------------------------------clamor ( n.) :a loud outcry；uproar大声呼喊，喧嚷，喧嚣，吵闹----------------------------------------------------------------------------------robust ( adj. ) :strong and healthy；full of vigor；hardy健壮的；精力充沛的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------haunt ( v．) :appear or recur repeatedly to，often to the point of obsession(思想、回忆等)萦绕；(疾病等)缠住----------------------------------------------------------------------------------pneumonia ( n.) :inflammation or infection of the alveoli of the lungs of varying degrees of severity and caused by any of a number of agents，such as bacteria or viruses肺炎．----------------------------------------------------------------------------------meningitis ( n.) :inflammation of the meninges．esp. as the result of infection by bacteria or viruses脑脊膜炎----------------------------------------------------------------------------------epileptic ( n.) :a person who has epilepsy癫痫患者----------------------------------------------------------------------------------pad ( v．) :stuff，cover，or line with a pad or padding填塞；衬填----------------------------------------------------------------------------------crater ( n.) :a bowl—shaped cavity，as at the mouth of a volcano or on the surface of the moon碗形洞(如火山口、环形山、月亮表面的坑状地方)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------crumble ( v．) :fall to pieces；disintegrate；decay破碎，破裂；使溃散，使瓦解，消灭----------------------------------------------------------------------------------lament ( v.) :feel or express deep sorrow for；mourn or grieve for为……而悲痛；哀悼；为……而伤心----------------------------------------------------------------------------------短语(Expressions)every bit: (infml)equalIy；entirely完全，同样地例：He is every bit as mean as she is．他与她同样平庸。