(完整版)口译笔记符号汇总
口译笔记速记符号汇总及简写规则
口译笔记速记符号汇总简写规则目录[1].Note-taking symbols and abbreviations[2].关于缩略词[3].关于字母和图像[4].用箭头、数字符号、标点符号来表示1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology department UK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budget ind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples: bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples: decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting,initialscan be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <---> resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
英语口译笔记常用符号总结
英语口译笔记常用符号总结记笔记：常用符号和缩略语(Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations)1．常用笔记符号：符号信息意义箭头符号↑上升；提高；增强；上涨；增长；扩大；起飞；升空；提拔；晋升（grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase , a scend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation, promote, upwards）↓下降；下沉；降低；滑坡；轰炸；减少；恶化；降职；削减/裁减（drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, d eteriorate, depreciation, reduce, downwards）↗上扬；渐渐好转（become better and better）↘下挫；不断亏损（become worse and worse）→出口；去；向前；出国；前往；运往；导致；发展成为…（export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, s end to, transmit to, lead to, export to, cause）←回顾；从前；进口；倒退；来自；源于（come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from）例如：café← French意为: café源自于法语数学符号+ 增加；补充；除此之外另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc)—减少；删除；缺乏（minus, lack）×表示“不对的，错的，坏的，不好的，臭名昭著的”（incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious）> 超过，大于，胜过，优于（more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to）< 小于，不足，次于，逊色（fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to）= 等于符号（equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”（equal to, the same as)，另外可以表示“是…的对手“（a ri -val, a competitor)等意思。
口译笔记常用符号
❖ admire, look back, remember ❖ 进口 ❖ 出口 ❖ stop, cease, halt, suspend, call off, setback,
dwelling, interruption, quit, rest, ❖ 农业（agriculture）
❖
❖ 世界，国际（globe, world, international） ❖ 高兴，满意（happy, excited, satisfied, pleased,
↑ ❖ 4. 国宝回到了中国。（ CN←宝 ） （ 宝CN ）
❖ 表示: 增长、扩大、提高、发展、升起、加强、上涨、发射、起飞、升 空、提拔、晋升（grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, strengthen, increase, improve, launch, ascend, promote）
❖
2
笔记的九大要点
❖ 1．少写多划。 ❖ 2．少字多意。 ❖ 3．形式固定。 ❖ 4．少横多竖。
❖ 5．快速书写。 ❖ 6．明确结束。 ❖ 7．口译笔记应记要点，切忌追求记“全”。
❖ 8．口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。
❖ 9．口译笔记可以使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也
可双语兼用。
3
二、常用口译笔记介绍
❖ 表示: 出口, 输出、打入、出国、到达、前往、派遣、交给、运往、导致 （export to, enter, arrive in, lead to, present to, give to, submit to, result in, send to, cause） 例如
❖ 1.在大连生产，然后出口给日本 （ 大 → J ） ❖ 2.我们每年向欧洲输出劳务。（ L → E ） ❖ 3.中国的产品已经打入国际市场。（ 中 P → W 市） ❖ 4.中国代表队将于四月12日抵达美国参加比赛。（中 4.12 → US 比） ❖ 5.中国政府将派遣20名专家赴南极考察。（中 → 20专 S） ❖ 6.此次灾害造成约50亿美元的经济损失。（灾→5b$失） ❖ 7. Our services reach 40 countries. （服→40 口） ❖ 8. 1997年香港回归祖国。（97’ HK →中）
口译中笔记法重点符号汇总
口译笔记速记符号归总缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表acc = account, accountantacdg = accordingacpt = acceptad = advertisementadm = administrationads = addressadv = adviceagr = agricultureagt = agentalt = altitudea.m. = ante meridiem = before noon AMAP = as much as possibleamb = ambassadoramt = amountanal = analysisanc = ancientanon = anonymousans = answerapp = appendixApr = Aprilapt = apartmentarch = architecturearr = arrive; arrivalASAP = as soon as possibleass = assistant; associationat = atmosphere; atomicatt = attorney; attentionAug = Augustaux = auxiliaryav = averageave = avenuea.w.l. = absent with leave (准假)a.w.o.l. = absent without official leave (无故缺席) B.A. = Bachelor of Artsbal = balanceB.C. = before Christbd = boardbdl = bundlebk = bank; bookbkts = basketsB/L = bill of lading (提单)BLDG = buildingbp = birthplacebr = branch; brotherB.S. = Bachelor of Sciencebu = bureauC = capacity; century; chapter; centigrade; cost; city; center cal = calendar; caliber; caloriescap = capital; captaincat = catalogcc = carbon copy (复印件；抄送)CEO = chief executive officercert = certificateCFM = confirmcncl = cancelcp. = comparecit = citizenciv = civil; civilizationclk = clerkcml = commercialco. = companyc/o = care of(转交)col = college; colorcom = commentary; common; communication; community comm = commissioncomp = complete; computer; competition con = conclusion; againstcond = conditioncont. = continent; continuedcorp = corporationcust = customer; custom; customsDec = Decemberdec = deceased; declarationdef = defender; defensedeg = degreedep = depositDEPT = departmentdisc = discountdist = distance; distinguishdiv = divide; divorceddo. = ditto (同上）dorm = dormitorydpt = departuredz = dozene = east; earth; engineeringecon = economics; economyed. = education; editore.g. = exempli gratia = for example encl. = enclosed; enclosureesp. = especiallyetc. = et cetera = and so onex. = example; exception; extraexp. = exportexpln = explainext = extend; extensionFAX = facsimileFeb. = Februaryfem = female; feminineff. = followingfig = figuresfin = finance; financialfl = fluidFLT = flightFOB = free on board (船上交货；离岸价格) for = foreign; forestryfp = freezing pointfr = frequentFri. = Fridayfrt = freight (货物；货运)ft = foot; feet (脚；英寸)fut = futureFYR = for your reference (仅供参考)g = gold; grain; guide; gender; gravity G.A. = General Assembly (联合国大会) gen. = generallygent = gentleman; gentlemengm = gram; general managergov = governmentgs = general secretary (秘书长)h = harbor; hundred; husband; hydrogen hd = head (头部；首脑)hf = halfHon = honorable; honoraryH.Q. = headquartershr = hourht = heighthypoth = hypothesis; hypotheticali.a. = in absence; absentib. = ibidem = in the same placeID = identity; identity cardi.e. = id est = that isimp = import; imperialIMPS = impossibleIMPT = importantin. = inch; inchesind = industrial; independentindiv = individualinfo = informationins = insuranceinst. = instant; instituteint. = interior; interest (兴趣；利息)I/O = instead ofIOU = I owe you (借据)I.Q. = intelligence quotientIVO = in view of (鉴于，考虑到)is. = islandJ = judge; justicejour = journal; journalistjr. = junior (大学三年级学生; 年少的; 初级的)kg = kilogram (千克；公斤)km = kilometer (公里)lat. = latitudelb. = pounds (磅；英镑)L/C = letter of credit (信用证)leg = legallib = library; librarianliq = liquidlit = literaturelong. = longitudeM.A. = Master of Artsmach = machinerymag = magazineman. = manual; manufactureMar = Marchmath = mathematicsMDL = model (型号；模特)Mdm = Madammed. = medicine; medicalmem = member; memoir (回忆录) memo = memorandum (备忘录)mid = middlemin = minute; minimummkt. = marketmod = moderate; modernMon. = Mondaymph = mile per hour (每小时英里数; 车速) Mr. = MisterMrs. = MistressMS = manuscripts (手稿)msg = messageMt = Mount; mountainmus = music; museumn = north; noon; name; normalnat = national; native; naturaln.d. = no date (无日期)NLT = not later than (不迟于)No. = numberNov. = Novembernr = nearobj = object; objectiveobs = obsolete (过时的); observeobt = obtainOct. = Octoberoff. = office; officialop. = opera; operation; oppositeord = ordinaryorg = organizationorig = originaloz. = ounce (盎司)p. = page; power; pressurepara = paragraphpart = particular; partnerpass = passive; passengerPAT = patentpayt = paymentpc = piece; personal computerpd. = paid (钱款)已付perf = perform; performancePh.D. = Doctor of Philosophypk = park; peak (备注：pk这个符号大家可以根据时髦的用语来灵活拓展其含义) pkg = packagePLS = pleasep.m. = post meridiem = [w]afternoon POB = post-office boxpop = popular; populationpr. = pair; preferredprec = precedingprim = primary; primitiveprin. = principlepro = productProf. = professorpub. = public; publishqr. = quarterqt. = quantityqua = qualityr. = radius; railroad; retiredrcd = receivedrcpt = receiptRd = roadre = about (关于)reg = register; regionrep = representativerev = revise; reverse; revenuerm. = roomrpt = report; repeatSat. = Saturdaysch = schoolsci = sciencesec = second; section; sectorsig. = signal; signaturesitn = situationsp. = species (物种); specimen (标本) sq. = squareSTD = standardSun. = Sundaysurg = surgery; surgeontech = technologytel. = telephonetemp = temporary; temperature Thur. = ThursdayTKS = thankstrans = transaction; translationtrf = trafficTu. = TuesdayT.U. = Trade Union (英)工会ult = ultimateUN = United Nationsuniv = universityup = upperusu. = usuallyvil = villageV.P. = Vice Presidentvs. = versusv.v. = vice versa (反之亦然)wel = welcome; welfareXL = extra large (特大号)二、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
Ctnzrnz口译笔记符号大汇总
生命是永恒不断的创造，因为在它内部蕴含着过剩的精力，它不断流溢，越出时间和空间的界限，它不停地追求，以形形色色的自我表现的形式表现出来。
－－泰戈尔口译笔记符号大汇总一、地名简写高级口译听力部分要求考生准确拼写出主要国家的名称和首都。
如果要把每个国家的名称完整的记录下来．会很费时间。
因此，常用国名的记录方法应常记心中，比如K=Korea, SD= Sweden, SW=Switzerland等等。
有时还可以借助“|－”来表示东、西、南、北、中等方位。
例如：the Republic of Korea(ROK，南朝鲜)，表示为“－K”; 相应的the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea （DPRK，北朝鲜）, 就可以表示为“K－”, Central London,表示为LD。
Western Europe （西欧）表示为“|EU”，Eastern Germany (东德)表示为“G|”。
练习：Eastern Europe, South Africa, North China, Western Germany, South Asia，Central Ital二、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：（一）拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive（二）保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O（三）保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people（四）根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through（五）口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU Communication CO. Company DEPT Department DISC Discount EXCH ExchangeEXT ExtentINFO InformationI/O In stead of IOU I owe you MDL ModelMEMO Memorandum MIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG Message PKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleaseREF Reference SEC Section STD Standard TEL Telephone THO ThoughTKS ThanksTRF TrafficWT WeightXL Extra large三、字母、图像ｏ表示“人”people/person，因为“ｏ”看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
口译笔记速记符号大整理
常用笔记速记符号一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possible BAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitive CMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNL FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY Necessary NLT No later than OBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD Ordinary PAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS Please POSN Position POSS(BL) Possible PROD Product QLTY Quality QUTY Quantity RCV ReceiveREF Reference REGL RegularREP Representative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat RESPON Responsible SEC SectionSITN Situation STD StandardTEL Telephone TEMP Temporary TGM Telegraph THO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large二、字母、图像°表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
口译笔记常用符号总结
记笔记：常用符号和缩略语(Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations)1．常用笔记符号：符号信息意义箭头符号↑上升；提高；增强；上涨；增长；扩大；起飞；升空；提拔；晋升（grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase , ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation涨价,promote, upwards）↓ 下降；下沉；降低；滑坡；轰炸；减少；恶化；降职；削减/裁减（drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, deteriorate腐烂变坏, depreciation小看轻视贬值减价reduce, downwards）↗上扬；渐渐好转（become better and better）↘下挫；不断亏损（become worse and worse）→出口；去；向前；出国；前往；运往；导致；发展成为…（export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, export to, cause）←回顾；从前；进口；倒退；来自；源于（come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from）例如：café← French意为: café源自于法语数学符号+ 增加；补充；除此之外另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc) —减少；删除；缺乏（minus, lack）×表示“不对的，错的，坏的，不好的，臭名昭著的”（incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious）> 超过，大于，胜过，优于（more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to）< 小于，不足，次于，逊色（fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to）= 等于符号（equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”（equal to, the same as)，另外可以表示“是…的对手“（a ri-val, a competitor)等意思。
口译速记符号大全(超实用)
2021/3/11
7
i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所 以用来可以用来表示工业。
U U 看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议 （treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协 议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"。如果在U内填入2， 就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）, 填入3表示为 trilateral(三边的)。填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。如果在U上加一个"/"表示谈判破 裂。
-ize 简写为 z 例如：recognize regz
-ful 简写为 fl 例如：meaningful mnfl
2021/3/11
17
2021/3/11
9
3. Arrows
→表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc. 表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc. 表示屈服：submit to
←表示来自于：be/come from，return， receive from, etc.
I: Use g to represent ing endings. ckg = checking estg = establishing decrg = decreasing exptg = experimenting
2021/3/11
4
J: If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
二. 货币简写三．时间简写四．度量衡五. 缩略词六．较长单词的处理办法七．字母、图像、符号一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekPL peopleF根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through二、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如：日本人：JZ。
C 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。
governmental official 可以表示为 CZP 表示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。
那么politician就可以表示为 PZE 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。
G 表示效率：efficient, effective。
G为效率符号。
Q 表示"通货膨胀"：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商业：business。
C×表示冲突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。
W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。
它是work的第一个字母。
所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。
i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。
U U 看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"。
如果在U内填入2××××，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）, 填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。
填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。
如果在U上加一个"/"××××表示谈判破裂。
O 表示"国家"、"民族"、"领土"等：country, state, nation, etc.gO表示进口，Og这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主办：chair, host, preside over。
那么在此符号上加Z表示主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc.T 表示"领导人"：leader, head那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 CT⊙圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposiumk 这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示"捕鱼业"等合fishery 有关的词汇。
O 圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.J 表示开心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc.L 表示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.EO 表示听到、总所周之：as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.O 表示漠不关心、无动于衷：indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don't care much, etc四、数学符号+ 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2) 表示"多"的比较级：more+3 表示"多"的最高级：most－表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.×表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 表示"多于"概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示"高" 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 表示"少于"概念：less/smaller，etc.表示"低"概念：inferior to，etc.= 表示"同等"概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.表示"对手"概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示"在......之间"：among, within, etc.≠表示"不同"概念：be different from, etc.表示"无敌"概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示"大约"概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc./ 表示"否定"，"消除"等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.五、标点等: 表示各种各样"说"的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc. 表示"问题"：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?. (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。
"y"表示this year, "y2." two year later"next week", 可以表示为"wk."∧表示转折√表示"好的"状态，right/good，famous/well-known，etc.表示"同意"状态，stand up for，support， agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.☆表示"重要的"状态：important，exemplary（模范的） best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.n 表示"交流"状态：exchange，mutual, etc.& 表示"和"，"与"：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，etc.∥表示"结束"：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.六、较长单词的处理办法-ism 简写为 m 例如：socialism Sm-tion 简简写为 n 例如：standardization (标准化) stdn-cian 简简写为 o 例如：technician techo-ing 简写为 g 例如：marketing (市场营销) MKTgA 。
保留大写字母或第一音节经济： E 教育： Edu 文化： C 政治： P 科技： ST 卫生： H旅游： T 环境： En 工业： I 农业： AB ．简写缩略AFAC ： as far as … is concerned( 就……而言 )LFT ： look forward to ( 期待 )ASAP ： as soon as possible( 尽快 )D ．符号﹢高兴，男性，同意，增加等，如happy ， male ， agree ， many ， +2=more ， +3=most ， beneficial ， good ，beautiful ， great ， gorgeous…－悲伤，女性，不同意，减少等，如sad ， female ， disagree ， little ， few ， -2=less ， -3=least ， lack of ，short of…√同意，正确等，如： agree ， correct ， right…×不同意，错误等，如： disagree ， incorrect…↑增长，进步等，如： increase ， soar ， mushroom ， rocket ， make progress…↓下降，退步，恶化等，如 decrease ， sink ， slide ， subside ， plump ， plunge ，drop ， degrade ，deteriorate…＞多于，超过，比……低一级等，如： more than ， greater than ， begger than ，better than ， superior to ， surpass ， transcend ， overtake…＜少于，比……低级等，如： less than ， lower than ， smaller than ， inferior to…～大约，如： approximately ， about ， around ， some ， nearly ， almost ，similar to…／否定，清除，如： clear ， settle ， solve ， tackle ， conquer ， eliminate ，extinct…≠与……不同，如： differ from ， different from ， distinct ， unique…$ 金钱，利益，如： interest ， benefit ， money ， fund ， capital…E ．标点问题，麻烦，障碍，如： question ， issue ， difficult ， hardship ， barrier ，obstacle…: 主观想法和说辞，如： think ， consider ， speak ， say ， talk ， mark ，announce ， declare ， hope ，例： repeat 或 reaffirm 可以用 :2 来替代，声明支持可以用 + ：来替代，谴责用 - ：。