教学法

1.What is FLT?Foreign language teaching methodology is a science which studies the process and patterns of foreign language learning, aiming at revealing the nature and laws of foreign languages.2.ZPD（最近发展区）体现了什么？ZPD is a new means of process-oriented intelligent evaluation.ZPD’s definition:Vygotsky (1978) maintained that the child follows the adults’ example and gradually develops the ability to do certain tasks without help or assistance. He called the difference between what a child can do with help and what she or he can do without guidance.The ZPD represents the sphere of potential intellectual growth within which an individual can develop with the stimulus and intervention of other more skilled individuals. The ZPD has been linked in concept to Krashen’s concept of it. However, the ZPD places more emphasis on the process of learning development than on the stages. It is the interaction with others such as teachers,guides, mentors or even computers that triggers the arousal of internal development process.3.为什么ZPD 体现了 Humanistic approaches？是如何体现的？Humanistic approaches: Approaches that emphasize the development of human values, growth in self-awareness and in the understanding of others, sensitivity to human feelings and emotions and active student involvement in learning and in the way human learning takes place.Total physical response methodAsher’s approach begins by placing primary importance on listening comprehension,emulating the early stages of mother tongue acqusition, and them moving to speaking,reading,writing. Activities eventually include games and skills.4. Relation among the three words:区分Approaches、method、technique1. The organizational key is that techniques carry out a method which is consistent with an approach.（技巧用来实施“方法”，而方法与某一“途径”相吻合）2. A technique is implementational that which actually takes place in a classroom. It is a particular trick. Technique must be consistent with a method, and therefore in harmony with an approach as well.3. Approach is a set of correlative self-assumptions dealing with the nature of language teaching and learning. It is axiomatic. It describes the nature of the subject matter to be taught.4.Method is an overall plan for the orderly presentation of language material, no part of which contradicts,and all of which is based upon ,the selected approach. An approach is axiomatic, a method is procedural. Within one approach, there can be many methods.5. CLT (communicative language teaching)为什么CLT被称为 approach而不是method ?1.Approach和method的定义2.CLT自己的定义；本质The ultiamte goal of foreign language teaching is to enable students to use the foreign language in work or life when necessary. There is a big gap between the language used in real life and the language learned in classrooms. One possible solution to bridge the gap between classroom language teaching and real life language use is the adoption of communicative language teaching.6. Linguistic competence : a person’s internalized grammar of a language/ a person’s knowledge of a language.Linguistic performance: the actual use of the language by individuals in speech and writing.7.What is communicative competence?The goal of CLT is to develop student’s communicative competence, which include both the knowledge about the language and the knowledge about how to use the language appropriately in communicative situations.8.When the PPP model used? (p32)A typical PPP lesson would start by the teacher introducing a new language item in a context followed by some controlled practice,such as drilling,repetition,dialogue reading. Student then move on to produce the language in a more meaningful way,such as a role play,a drama,an interview,etc.9.Macro planing / micro planing 宏观规划/ 微观规划 p54Macro planning is planning over a longer period of time,for example,planning for a whole program or a whole-year course. This is often done by a group of teachers who are to teach the same course.Micro planning: is planning for a specific unit or a lesson, which usually lasts from one or two weeks or forty to fifty minutes respectively. It is often an individual activity and different teachers may have different ways of writing their own lesson plans.10.The role of a teacher p69 题目Before the class: a plannerAfter the class: an evaluatorDuring the class:controller, assessor, organizer, prompter, participant, resource, provider11. Ways to correct errors: 书p87direct teacher correction, indirect teacher correction, self correction,peer correction, whole class correction.12. Practicing sounds 给例子说名词、给名词举例子Perception practice: p96Use minimal pairs/ which order/ same or different/ add and out/ completion 13. Grammar presentation p104The deductive method/ the inductive method/ the guided discovery method14. Grammar practice/ Mechanical practice/ Meaningful practice/ Using prompts for practice15.Transfer the meaning in paragraph to a table or the form you prefer.P194 题目16.A process approach to writing contains what ? P213Creating a motivation to write/ Brainstorming,Mapping/ Free writing/ Outlining/ Drafting/ Editing/ Revising / Proofreading/ Conferencing17.Give examples of following words. 书p120Denotative meaning ：a name or a signConnotative meaning：dog means friendship and loyaltyCollocations: see a movie, watch a play and look at the picturesHeavy traffic, heavy smoker ,heavy rain/snow/fogSynonyms antonyms, hyponymy：big/ huge cheap/expensivebody (head ,eyes,ears,mouth,arms,and legs）。