研究生英语读写教程提高级译文
研究生英语阅读教程(提高级) Lesson 6
Language Points
1. strain (v.) to stretch sth tightly by pulling; to make the greatest possible effort; to injure or weaken a part of your body by stretching too much or trying too hard; to force sth beyond a limit of what is acceptable (Para. 1) 那条绳子快要被拉断了。 ① 那条绳子快要被拉断了。 The rope was strained almost to the breaking point. 那位歌手声嘶力竭才把高音唱出来。 ② 那位歌手声嘶力竭才把高音唱出来。 The singer had to strain to reach the high notes. 你在这样的光线下看书会伤害眼睛的。 ③ 你在这样的光线下看书会伤害眼睛的。 You’ll strain your eyes trying to read in this light. 难民的涌入使我们有限的设施不堪重负。 ④ 难民的涌入使我们有限的设施不堪重负。 The influx of refugees is straining our limited facilities.
Language Points
4. be jealous of formal wanting to keep or protect something that you have because you are proud of it 小心守护，珍惜，惟 小心守护，珍惜， 恐失去 他们尽力维护自己的权利。 ① 他们尽力维护自己的权利。 They are jealous of their rights. 这里的人们很珍惜他们的自由。 ② 这里的人们很珍惜他们的自由。 The people here are jealous of their freedom. 她极度害怕失去她的男朋友。 ③ 她极度害怕失去她的男朋友。 She was extremely jealous of her boy-friend.
当代研究生英语读写教程上下册课文译文_嘉成制作
当代研究生英语读写教程上下册课文译文_嘉成制作第一篇：当代研究生英语读写教程上下册课文译文_嘉成制作当代研究生英语读写教程上下册课文译文当代研究生英语读写教程（上）A课文译文当代研究生英语读写教程上下册课文译文让顾客直接支付账单。
当代研究生英语读写教程上下册课文译文一些私人组织和地方团体已经在不声不晌地建立各种标签服务系统，并建立了适合儿童的网站，如“儿童连接”、“儿童空间”等。
具有不同品味和抱有不同价值观念的人如同挑选书刊、杂志一样，可以从网上挑选出适合自己的服务机构。
如果愿意，他们还可以在网上无拘无束地逍遥漫游，完成自己的旅程。
总之，我们的社会需要发展，要发展就意味着我们必须明白，世上没有完美无缺的答案，没有能够解决各种问题的妙方，没有政府认可的安全避难所。
我们不能在地球上建立一个十全十美的社会，同样也不能在信息空间营造一个这样的社会。
但是至少我们可以有个人的选择——也有个人的责任。
当代研究生英语读写教程上下册课文译文当代研究生英语读写教程上下册课文译文男孩的群体比女孩的要大，所包括的人更广泛，也更具有等级特色。
因此，男孩们势必要努力争取不在群体中处于从属地位。
这也许是为什么女人抱怨男人不听她们说话的根源之一。
当女的对男的说“你没有在听”，而男的反对说“我在听”时，常常男的是对的。
这种给人没有在听的印象是由于男女对话方式的不同而引起的。
这种不同在男女各自就位时就已表现出来了。
我对心理学家布鲁斯·多维尔录制的关于儿童与成人分别与他们的同性好友交谈时的录像带进行了研究。
研究发现，无论多大年龄的女孩和成年女性，都采取面对面的姿势，眼睛看着对方的脸。
而各种年龄的男孩和成年男子就座时，相互位置都成一定的角度，眼睛看着屋子别的地方，只有时不时瞥对方一眼。
男性这种看着别处的习惯，可能给女性一种印象，那就是他们没有在听，即使他们在听也会给人以没有在听的印象。
一个年轻的女大学生感到很失望，因为每当她告诉男朋友她想跟他谈谈时，他总是躺在地上，闭上眼睛，并用手臂挡住脸。
贵州大学研究生英语阅读教程提高级第三版课后词汇及翻译答案
贵州大学研究生英语阅读教程提高级第三版词汇及翻译答案Lesson 21、the story about the brothers grimm may evoke warm memoriesof story time in the comforting arms of a parent.A recallB createC releaseD collect2、one of the secrets of successful travel lies in always turningadversity to your advantage.A unfamiliarityB explorationC pleasureD difficulties3、The claws of bears may be used to climb trees, rip opennests and beehives ,or catch prey.A clearB tearC throwD dig4、The analysts are dissecting intrusions and other attacks that havebreached their computer systems.A interceptingB fightingC analyzingD discussing5、He spent whole days in his room, headphones on lest he disturbanyone.A unlessB whenC so thatD in case6、As the unemployment lines lengthened and factories closed,therewas talk of apocalypse.A emergencyB uncertaintyC disasterD reduction7、The odor of the hospital was so unforgiving that every so often shewould bring the cloud of white flowers to her nose.A unexpectedB uniqueC impressiveD terrible8、Critics argue that the lavish park itself is incongruous in a countrywhere around half the population lives below the poverty line.A inappropriateB creativeC unnecessaryD enjoyable9、Many believed optimistically the new would soothe markets ,but itseems to have had the opposite effect.A pushB misleadC calmD discourage10、 A stoical person tends to show admirable patience and endurancein the face of adversity without getting upset.A confidentB uncomplainingC unconventionalD reliable Lesson 41、During the lecture all the audience listened to china’s firstastronaut with rapt admiration.A obscureB obviousC obligedD obsessed2、Most of her colleagues didn’t like her because she was adept atthe fine art of irritating people.A ambitiousB annoyingC skillfulD scornful3、In the schools today we need, more than ever, the training of defthands,quick eyes and ears ,and above all thebroader,deeper,higher culture of gifted mind and pure hearts.A skillfulB cleverC delicateD elegant4、At last the judge decided to give the custody of the child to hisfather.A supervisionB cateringC raisingD fostering5、Denver residents continued to dig out from what was called theworst blizzard in nearly a century.A catastropheB disasterC snowstormD landslide6、After all ,the candidate was endorsed by the governor’s board andmany of the local party members.A ignoredB rejectedC sponsoredD supported7、His expression gave temporary meaning to a set of features but itwas nondescript.A unclearB distinctiveC impliedD ambiguous8、She came home spouting off about the subjects she was taught atschool and basked in her teacher’s praise.A pridedB enjoyed C. criticized D narrated9、It was evident that the administrative officials did not believe theexcuse that he held forth for the delayed delivery.A liedB toldC emphasizedD compiled10、When frank heard that the war had started ,it didn’t sink in for along time until his father was drafted into the army.A be understoodB be acceptedC be takenD beillustratedLessson 61、another common use of the tag question is in small talk when thespeaker is trying to _____ conversation:”sure is hot here,isn’t it?”A IllicitB elicitC solicitD explicit2、napster says it is delaying the launch of its subscription serviceyet again,after running into serious problems in its talks withother firms .so here is napster’s _____ ：still not ready.A refrainB renownC restraintD retention3、The path from initial lab work on a drug to final approval of thedrug by the food &drug administration is a long and _____process.A hilariousB notoriousC industriousD laborious4、When I was a child,I always refused to write thank-you notes forbirthday presents from a faraway relative.my mother would_____ me and say,”paul ,you must learn to be polite.”A glideB slideC abideD chide5、A(a) ____ memory may be a good thing,but the ability to forget isthe true token of greatness.A attentiveB inattentiveC retentiveD irretentive6、There’s still a great deal of _____ on the weapons of massdestruction ,which despite what president bush and primeminister blair say,have not yet been found.A evidenceB skepticismC knowledgeD consensus7、Even though exercise has many positive benefits,too much can beharmful.teens who exercise_____ are at risk for both physical and psychological problems.A comparativelyB competitivelyC compulsively Dcomprehensively8、Some of the maids were quiet and affectionate.but others were____,driving the young women crazy by complaining to them allthe time.A querulousB fabulousC pretentiousD conscientious9、There is nothing more fascinating than observing citizens of manydifferent nationalities _____ and exchanging greetings in aninternational airport.A singlingB dinglingC jinglingD mingling10、When dallas police notifed the hospital that president kennedyhad been shot,at first,the young neurosurgeon thought it was a____.A blankB flankC prankD frankLesson 71、Upon hearing these critical remarks ,he was in a complete stateof bewilderment and did not know what to do next.A astonishmentB frustrationC depressionD perplexity2、For many women ,the harrowing prospect of giving evidence in arape case can be too much to bear.A promisingB embarrassingC hauntingD upsetting3、The company’s disappointing sales figures are an ominous sign ofworse thing to come.A disgracefulB disgustingC scandalousD threatening4、He said that people are too obsessed with utopian visions thatnever come,instead of thinking of the quality of life now.A promisingB unrealisticC unbelievableD unprecedented5、We eliminated the possibility that it could have been an accidentbecause it was so well timed.A elicitedB despisedC removedD elevated6、Things would never change if people weren’t prepared toexperiment with new teaching methods.A endeavorB campaignC swerveD try7、The national interest is most important than the sectional andpersonal interests of individual politicians.A segregatedB factionalC inviolableD dismantled8、Despite differences in background and outlook,their partnershipwas based on mutual respect,trust and understanding.A unilateralB reciprocalC obligatoryD optional9、Desirous of knowing something about the operations ,I stood andwatched the spectacle.A desperate forB desirable ofC detached fromD deprived of10、He spoke eloquently with the self-effacing humor that endearedhim to the American press.A elegantlyB persuasivelyC arrogantlyD expressively Lesson 91、When she arose to speak in their assemblies ,her commandingfigure and dignified manners _____ every trifler into silence.A rushedB hushedC cashedD pushed2、In many of his paintings of towns,harbors,and rivers ,marquetshowed a particular gift for simplification thatseized_____upon the essentials in the scene before him.A unexpectedlyB unavoidablyC unerringlyD unbelievably3、The old gentleman was so much immersed in business ,that hewas unable to ____ much attention upon me.A bestowB bewilderC bewareD betray4、The most famous _____ whiteface clown is felix adler,whoperformed in the early and mid-20th century.A picturesqueB uniqueC techniqueD grotesque5、By the 1st century B.C,roman power was growing and greekinfluence had begun to _____.A waneB waverC weaveD warp6、To starboard ,at hurghada,behind _____ ranks of coral reefs,laythe important marine biological station of the university of Egypt.A severeB serriedC seducedD sentimental7、At first,the downturn was confined to industries most sensitive tohigh interest rates.but ______,the loss of income in these areashad a ripple effect throughout the economy.A inexorablyB intensivelyC inevitablyD infinitely8、The puppet theater combines three elements:the puppets;thechanters who sing and ____ for the puppets;and the players ofthe three-stringed instrument.A declineB reclaimC declaimD proclaim9、This is your daily life; to me it is like a scene from a play,overwhich one sighs to see the curtain fall-all _____,all light ,allhappiness.A enchantmentB engagementC enlargementD endurance10、“it was really rural when we moved here,”says Stanley.”but thesenewcomers are _____ the rural atmosphere.”A justifyingB citifyingC ratifyingD simplifying Lesson 111、The supporters of GM foods say that it should be possible tomake foods that are less likely to trigger allergies.A preventB reduceC causeD transfer2、The relationship between men and their cars would terminate inthe event of irreparable mechanical breakdown(equivalent to thedeath of a spouse).A endB declineC failD proceed3、The combination of miscommunication ,ignored warnings andgeneral hubris virtually guaranteed disaster.A misunderstandingB misconductC angerD arrogance4、Despite an occasional glimmer of hope ,this campaign has notproduced any results.A proofB indicationC releaseD consequence5、These kids had been further insulated by their wealthy familiesfrom reality with the privilege that money could buy.A protectedB awokenC coveredD isolated6、I found myself constantly pondering the question:”how couldanyone do these things?”A arguingB answeringC coveredD isolated7、Interactive technology augments traditional methods with newand yet-to-be invented collaboration tools ranging from e-mail toweb logs to digital video to peer-to-peer systems.A communicationB entertainmentC cooperation Dimprovement8、For people who feel too intimidated or shy to ask questionsduring class,the internet creates a “safe environment”to speaktheir mind.online ,nobody knows who you are.A frightenedB frustratedC depressedD disappointed9、On this day after September 11 ,most planes were stillgrounded ;the skies were eerily quiet.A particularlyB unusuallyC mysteriouslyD pleasantly10、Considered by many archaeologists to be the first humancivilization ,sumer has yielded many huge stonecarvings .deciphered, they described”gods”who came anotherplanet in flying machines.A inspiredB interpretedC improvedD implanted Lesson 21 It is a cliché, as it is to talk of apocalypse and nightmare, but when something is beyond our experience, we reach for the points of reference we have.说到世界末日和噩梦又是老生常谈，但是当事情超出我们的经验时，我们总会寻找现有的东西作为参照。
研究生英语提高版课后翻译
第二单元1.It is a cliche,as it is to talk of apocalypse and nightmare, but when something is beyond our experience,we reach for the points of reference we have.说到世界末日和恶梦又是老生常谈了，但是当事情超出我们的经验时，我们总会寻找现有的东西作为参照。
2.Lest you should ever forget the smallness of being human, the iconic Mount Fuji, instantly recognizable yet somehow different on every viewing, is an extinct volcano. 唯恐你会忘记作为人类的渺小，标志性的富士山，一眼即能认出但不知何故每次观看又呈现出不同景象，就是一座死火山。
3.It surprised me, over the following months that the gas attack seemed to dominate the national media coverage, whereas Kobe, after the initial weeks of horrifying footage, slipped somewhat into the background.在随后的几个月里，让我吃惊的是毒气攻击似乎占据了国家媒体报道的主要内容，而神户大地震经过了最初几周骇人听闻的电视报道后，已经退居次位了。
4.Rather than immersing ourselves in the language of horror films and the end of the world, when the time is right to try to glimpse this new territory, we might for thought reach for a book by Japan’s most popular contemporary novelist.我们不能沉浸在恐怖片和世界末日的语言中，在合适的时间，如果想要了解这一新的领域，我们可以看看日本最流行的现代小说家的一本书。
贵州大学研究生英语阅读教程提高级第三版课后词汇及翻译答案
贵州大学研究生英语阅读教程提高级第三版课后词汇及翻译答案贵州大学研究生英语阅读教程提高级第三版词汇及翻译答案Lesson 21、the story about the brothers grimm may evoke warm memoriesof story time in the comforting arms of a parent.A recallB createC releaseD collect2、one of the secrets of successful travel lies in always turningadversity to your advantage.A unfamiliarityB explorationC pleasureD difficulties3、The claws of bears may be used to climb trees, rip opennests and beehives ,or catch prey.A clearB tearC throwD dig4、The analysts are dissecting intrusions and other attacks that havebreached their computer systems.A interceptingB fightingC analyzingD discussing5、He spent whole days in his room, headphones on lest he disturbanyone.A unlessB whenC so thatD in case6、As the unemployment lines lengthened and factories closed,therewas talk of apocalypse.A emergencyB uncertaintyC disasterD reduction7、The odor of the hospital was so unforgiving that every so often shewould bring the cloud of white flowers to her nose.A unexpectedB uniqueC impressiveD terrible8、Critics argue that the lavish park itself is incongruous in a countrywhere around half the population lives below the poverty line.A inappropriateB creativeC unnecessaryD enjoyable9、Many believed optimistically the new would soothe markets ,but itseems to have had the opposite effect.A pushB misleadC calmD discourage10、 A stoical person tends to show admirable patience and endurancein the face of adversity without getting upset.A confidentB uncomplainingC unconventionalD reliable Lesson 41、During the lecture all the audience listened to china’s firstastronaut with rapt admiration.A obscureB obviousC obligedD obsessed2、Most of her c olleagues didn’t like her because she was adept atthe fine art of irritating people.A ambitiousB annoyingC skillfulD scornful3、In the schools today we need, more than ever, the trainingof defthands,quick eyes and ears ,and above all thebroader,deeper,higher culture of gifted mind and pure hearts.A skillfulB cleverC delicateD elegant4、At last the judge decided to give the custody of the child to hisfather.A supervisionB cateringC raisingD fostering5、Denver residents continued to dig out from what was called theworst blizzard in nearly a century.A catastropheB disasterC snowstormD landslide6、After all ,the candidate was endorsed by the governor’s board andmany of the local party members.A ignoredB rejectedC sponsoredD supported7、His expression gave temporary meaning to a set of features but itwas nondescript.A unclearB distinctiveC impliedD ambiguous8、She came home spouting off about the subjects she was taught atschool and basked in her teacher’s praise.A pridedB enjoyed C. criticized D narrated9、It was evident that the administrative officials did not believe theexcuse that he held forth for the delayed delivery.A liedB toldC emphasizedD compiled10、When frank heard that the war had started ,it didn’t sink in for along time until his father was drafted into the army.A be understoodB be acceptedC be takenD beillustratedLessson 61、another common use of the tag question is in small talk when thespeaker is trying to _____ conversation:”sure is hot here,isn’t it?”A IllicitB elicitC solicitD explicit2、napster says it is delaying the launch of its subscription serviceyet again,after running into serious problems in its talks with other firms .so here is napster’s _____ ：still not ready.A refrainB renownC restraintD retention3、The path from initial lab work on a drug to final approval of thedrug by the food &drug administration is a long and _____ process.A hilariousB notoriousC industriousD laborious4、When I was a child,I always refused to write thank-you notes forbirthday presents from a faraway relative.my mother would _____ me and say,”paul ,you must learn to be polite.”A glideB slideC abideD chide5、A(a) ____ memory may be a good thing,but the ability to forget isthe true token of greatness.A attentiveB inattentiveC retentiveD irretentive6、There’s still a great deal of _____ on the weapons of massdestruction ,which despite what president bush and prime minister blair say,have not yet been found.A evidenceB skepticismC knowledgeD consensus7、Even though exercise has many positive benefits,too much can beharmful.teens who exercise_____ are at risk for both physical and psychological problems.A comparativelyB competitivelyC compulsively Dcomprehensively8、Some of the maids were quiet and affectionate.but others were____,driving the young women crazy by complaining to them allthe time.A querulousB fabulousC pretentiousD conscientious9、There is nothing more fascinating than observing citizensof manydifferent nationalities _____ and exchanging greetings in an international airport.A singlingB dinglingC jinglingD mingling10、When dallas police notifed the hospital that president kennedyhad been shot,at first,the young neurosurgeon thought it was a____.A blankB flankC prankD frankLesson 71、Upon hearing these critical remarks ,he was in a complete stateof bewilderment and did not know what to do next.A astonishmentB frustrationC depressionD perplexity2、For many women ,the harrowing prospect of giving evidence in arape case can be too much to bear.A promisingB embarrassingC hauntingD upsetting3、The company’s disappointing sales figures are an ominous sign ofworse thing to come.A disgracefulB disgustingC scandalousD threatening4、He said that people are too obsessed with utopian visions thatnever come,instead of thinking of the quality of life now.A promisingB unrealisticC unbelievableD unprecedented5、We eliminated the possibility that it could have been an accidentbecause it was so well timed.A elicitedB despisedC removedD elevated6、Things would never change if people weren’t prepared toexperiment with new teaching methods.A endeavorB campaignC swerveD try7、The national interest is most important than the sectionalandpersonal interests of individual politicians.A segregatedB factionalC inviolableD dismantled8、Despite differences in background and outlook,their partnershipwas based on mutual respect,trust and understanding.A unilateralB reciprocalC obligatoryD optional9、Desirous of knowing something about the operations ,I stood andwatched the spectacle.A desperate forB desirable ofC detached fromD deprived of10、He spoke eloquently with the self-effacing humor that endearedhim to the American press.A elegantlyB persuasivelyC arrogantlyD expressively Lesson 91、When she arose to speak in their assemblies ,her commandingfigure and dignified manners _____ every trifler into silence.A rushedB hushedC cashedD pushed2、In many of his paintings of towns,harbors,and rivers ,marquetshowed a particular gift for simplification thatseized_____upon the essentials in the scene before him.A unexpectedlyB unavoidablyC unerringlyD unbelievably3、The old gentleman was so much immersed in business ,that hewas unable to ____ much attention upon me.A bestowB bewilderC bewareD betray4、The most famous _____ whiteface clown is felix adler,whoperformed in the early and mid-20th century.A picturesqueB uniqueC techniqueD grotesque5、By the 1st century B.C,roman power was growing and greekinfluence had begun to _____.A waneB waverC weaveD warp6、To starboard ,at hurghada,behind _____ ranks of coral reefs,laythe important marine biological station of the university of Egypt.A severeB serriedC seducedD sentimental7、At first,the downturn was confined to industries most sensitive tohigh interest rates.but ______,the loss of income in these areas had a ripple effect throughout the economy.A inexorablyB intensivelyC inevitablyD infinitely8、The puppet theater combines three elements:the puppets;thechanters who sing and ____ for the puppets;and the players ofthe three-stringed instrument.A declineB reclaimC declaimD proclaim9、This is your daily life; to me it is like a scene from a play,overwhich one sighs to see the curtain fall-all _____,all light ,allhappiness.A enchantmentB engagementC enlargementD endurance10、“it was really rural when we moved here,”says Stanley.”but thesenewcomers are _____ the rural atmosphere.”A justifyingB citifyingC ratifyingD simplifying Lesson 111、The supporters of GM foods say that it should be possible tomake foods that are less likely to trigger allergies.A preventB reduceC causeD transfer2、The relationship between men and their cars would terminate inthe event of irreparable mechanical breakdown(equivalent to thedeath of a spouse).A endB declineC failD proceed3、The combination of miscommunication ,ignored warnings andgeneral hubris virtually guaranteed disaster.A misunderstandingB misconductC angerD arrogance4、Despite an occasional glimmer of hope ,this campaign has notproduced any results.A proofB indicationC releaseD consequence5、These kids had been further insulated by their wealthy familiesfrom reality with the privilege that money could buy.A protectedB awokenC coveredD isolated6、I found myself constantly pondering the question:”how couldanyone do these things?”A arguingB answeringC coveredD isolated7、Interactive technology augments traditional methods with newand yet-to-be invented collaboration tools ranging from e-mail toweb logs to digital video to peer-to-peer systems.A communicationB entertainmentC cooperation Dimprovement8、For people who feel too intimidated or shy to ask questionsduring class,the internet creates a “safe environment”to speaktheir mind.online ,nobody knows who you are.A frightenedB frustratedC depressedD disappointed9、On this day after September 11 ,most planes were stillgrounded ;the skies were eerily quiet.A particularlyB unusuallyC mysteriouslyD pleasantly10、Considered by many archaeologists to be the first humancivilization ,sumer has yielded many huge stonecarvings .deciphered, they described”gods”who came anotherplanet in flying machines.A inspiredB interpretedC improvedD implanted Lesson 21 It is a cliché, as it is to talk of apocalypse and nightmare, but when something is beyond our experience, we reach for the points of reference we have.说到世界末日和噩梦又是老生常谈，但是当事情超出我们的经验时，我们总会寻找现有的东西作为参照。
研究生英语读写教程(提高级)
研究生英语读写教程(提高级)English:The advanced level graduate English reading and writing course is designed to equip students with the necessary skills to critically analyze complex texts, write academic essays, and communicate effectively in academic and professional settings. The course covers a wide range of advanced topics, including in-depth reading and analysis of academic articles, mastering the art of persuasive and argumentative writing, and honing critical thinking skills. Students are expected to engage in rigorous reading and writing assignments that require them to synthesize information from various sources, develop well-structured arguments, and present their ideas clearly and cogently. In addition, the course also focuses on enhancing students' abilities to conduct independent research, cite sources effectively, and adhere to academic writing conventions.中文翻译:这门提高级研究生英语读写课程旨在为学生提供必要的技能，使其能够批判性地分析复杂的文本、撰写学术论文，并在学术和职业环境中有效沟通。
(完整word版)当代研究生英语读写教程上Unit3课文+翻译
Unit 31The first mistake is to think of mankind as a thing in itself. It isn’t.第一个错误是把人看作是某种独立的事物。
其实并不是。
It is part of an intricate web of life.人是复杂的生命网络系统中的一部分。
And we can’t think even of life as a thing in itself. It isn’t.我们甚至不能将生命本身视为某种独立的事物。
它确实不是。
It is part of the intricate structure of a planet bathed by energy from the Sun. 生命是一颗沐浴着太阳能的行星上的复杂结构的一部分。
2The Earth, in the nearly 5 billion years since it assumed approximately its present form, has undergone a vast evolution.地球自从呈目前的形状近50 亿年以来，已经历了一场巨大的演变。
When it first came into being, it very likely lacked what we would today call an ocean and an atmosphere. 在形成的初期，地球上很可能没有我们今天称之为海洋和大气层之类的东西。
These were formed by the gradual outward movement of material as the solid interior settled together.当地球的内部固体紧压在一起时，物质的逐渐向外运动就形成了海洋和大气层。
3Nor were ocean, atmosphere, and solid crust independent of each other after formation. 地球形成之后，海洋、大气层以及坚固的地壳之间也并非相互独立。
研究生英语阅读教程(提高级 第三版)
课文全文参考译文第一课漏油经济：低估风险戴维伦哈特·[1] 回想起来，模式似乎很清楚。
早在“深水地平线”钻机自爆前的很多年，BP 石油公司为了省钱甘冒安全的风险就已经声名狼藉。
2005 年得克萨斯州炼油厂爆炸中有15 名工人丧生。
联邦监管机构和前国务卿詹姆斯·贝克三世领导的专门小组认为，削减成本是事故的部分原因。
第二年，阿拉斯加腐蚀的管道将石油漏入普拉德霍湾。
就连乔·巴顿，对全球变暖持怀疑态度、来自得克萨斯州的共和党众议员，都谴责BP 管理人员“对安全和环境问题表现得漠不关心”。
[2] 这种冷漠大部分源于对利润的过度追求，不管出现什么情况。
但似乎也还有另一个因素在起作用，一个更普遍的人性的因素。
BP 的管理人员在估计似乎不太可能发生但一旦发生就会带来巨大损失的事件真正会发生的可能性时，犯了一个可怕的错误。
[3] 也许理解这一点最简单的方法就是思考一下BP 高管们如今的想法。
显然，考虑到清理费用和对BP 声誉的影响，高管们真希望可以回到过去，多花些钱让“深水地平线”更安全。
他们没有增加这笔费用就表明他们认为钻机在当时的状态下不会出问题。
[4] 尽管针对BP 高管的所有批评可能都是他们应得的，但是他们绝不是唯一艰难应对这种低概率、高成本事件的人。
几乎每个人都会如此。
“这些正是我们人类处理时很难做出合理反应的一类事件，”哈佛大学环境经济学家罗伯特·斯塔文斯说。
我们经常犯两种基本且性质相反的错误。
当一件事情是很难想象的，我们往往会低估它的可能性。
这就是众所周知的黑天鹅（稀有之物）现象。
大多数在“深水地平线”工作的人可能从未经历过钻井平台爆炸。
因此他们认为这不会发生，至少不会发生在他们身上。
[5] 同样，不久以前，本·伯南克和艾伦·格林斯潘也喜欢称全国房地产市场没有泡沫，因为以前从未有过泡沫。
华尔街交易员也持同样观点，他们建立的数学模型根本不存在房价下降的可能性。
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研究生英语读写教程提高级译文研究生英语读写教程提高级译文：
Unit 1: Academic Reading Strategies
1.1 Skimming and Scanning
Skimming and scanning techniques are important for efficient academic reading. Skimming involves quickly reading through a text to get a general idea of its content. Scanning, on the other hand, involves searching for specific information by quickly moving the eyes over the text. These strategies help students identify the main points, key details, and relevant information in an academic text.
1.2 Annotating and Note-Taking
Annotating and note-taking are crucial skills for effective reading comprehension. Annotation involves underlining or highlighting important information, writing brief summaries or key words in the margins, and asking questions to engage with the text. Note-taking entails jotting down key points, organizing them in a logical manner, and using abbreviations and symbols to save time. These techniques aid in remembering and reviewing the material.
Unit 2: Critical Reading and Thinking
2.1 Analyzing Arguments
Critical reading requires the analysis of arguments presented in academic texts. Students must identify the main claim, supporting evidence, and logical fallacies in an argument. They need to assess the validity and credibility of the information provided and evaluate the strength of the author's reasoning. This skill allows students to engage with the text critically and form their own opinions.
2.2 Evaluating Sources
Evaluating sources is crucial to ensure the credibility and reliability of information. Students must assess the author's credentials, the publication date, the reputation of the publisher, and any potential biases. They need to consider whether the source is scholarly, peer-reviewed, or from a reputable institution. This skill helps students differentiate between credible sources and unreliable ones.
Unit 3: Research Skills
3.1 Effective Library Use
Using library resources effectively is essential for successful research. Students must learn how to navigate library catalogs, databases, and search engines to find relevant sources. They need to understand how to use advanced search techniques, such as Boolean operators and truncation, to refine their search results. This skill enables students to locate and retrieve the appropriate materials
for their research.
3.2 Proper Citation and Referencing
Proper citation and referencing are necessary to acknowledge the sources used in academic writing. Students must learn the rules and conventions of various citation styles, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago. They need to understand how to format in-text citations, create reference lists, and avoid plagiarism. This skill ensures the integrity and credibility of their research.
Unit 4: Academic Writing Skills
4.1 Essay Structure and Organization
Mastering essay structure and organization is essential for effective academic writing. Students should learn how to create a clear and concise introduction, develop coherent body paragraphs, and present a logical conclusion. They need to understand the importance of topic sentences, supporting evidence, and transition words in constructing an argument. This skill enhances the clarity and coherence of their written work.
4.2 Writing Style and Vocabulary
Developing an appropriate writing style and expanding vocabulary are crucial for academic writing. Students must aim for a formal tone, avoid colloquial expressions, and use discipline-specific terminology. They need to use a variety of sentence structures, demonstrate critical thinking, and present their ideas in a clear and concise manner. This skill helps students effectively communicate their thoughts and arguments.
注：以上译文仅供参考，具体翻译请根据需要和语境进行调整和修正。