2010年中山大学655医学综合考研试题(暂缺答案)
中山大学外科学(移植外科)2010年考博真题试卷
11. PEG中英文全称及适应症？
12.如何评价目前外科治疗甲状腺功能亢进症？
二、选答题（20’）
移植外科
1.肝移植术后发生中远期肾功能不全及肾衰竭的相关因素，如何处理？（10’）
2.肾
中山大学
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
中山大学
2010年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：移植外科
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、所有外科考生必答题（80’）
1.在手术切口铺无菌巾或者贴无菌敷料的目的？
2.肱骨髁上骨折的分型及并发症？
3.儿茶酚胺症的原因及临床表现？
4.若病人体液急性丧失达体重的5%，有何临床表现？
5.心脏疾病可增加病人术后死亡的风险，Goldman指数哪两项得分最高？
6.临床诊疗过程中如何预防潜在的HIV感染？
7. SIRS的中英文全名及诊断的临床指标？
8.伤口按表现不同如何分类？手术切口愈合如何分级？试举例说明。
9. Crohn disease外科治疗适应症及手术原则？
2010年中山大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题及答案精编
2010年中山大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题及答案精编各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上研究生，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。
第1卷：基础英语Part 1: Grammar and V ocabulary. （30 POINTS）01. ____ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.A. Unpopular has as white beenB. Unpopular as white has beenC. Unpopular has been as whiteD. White has been as unpopular02. What the government should do urgently is to take actions to ____ the economy.A. brookB. blushC. broodD. boost03. Windstorms have recently established a record which meteorologists hope will not be equaled for many years ____.A. that will comeB. to comeC. that are comingD. coming04. We expect Mr. Smith will ____ Class One when Miss White retires.A. take toB. take upC. take offD. take over05. Tom hardly seems middle-aged, ____ old.A. let aloneB. less likelyC. much worseD. all else06. All was darkness ____ an occasional glimmer in the distance.A. exceptB. no more thanC. besidesD. except for07. The prospect of increased prices has already ____ worries.A. irritatedB. provokedC. inspiredD. hoisted08. Her father is so deaf that he has to use a hearing ____.A. aidB. helpC. supportD. tool09. From the cheers and shouts of ____, I guessed that she was winning the race.A. stimulusB. hearteningC. urgingD. encouragement10. Although the model looks good on the surface; it will not bear close ____A. temperamentB. scrutinyC. contaminationD. symmetry11. It is the first book of this kind ____ I’ve ever read.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. when12. The kid is reaching ____ a bottle from the shelf when I came in.A. toB. forC. atD. in13. The police chief announced that the case would soon be inquired ____.A. intoB. ofC. afterD. about14. Her grandfather accidentally ____ fire to the house.A. putB. setC. tookD. got15. ____ can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by science fiction.A. AnybodyB. EverybodyC. SomebodyD. Nobody16. The ____ outcome of contest varies from moment to moment.A. aptB. likelyC. liableD. prone17. Anyone going into a bar, whether they ____ suspicion or not, will be asked to takea test, which highlights any drug use.A. ariseB. riseC. raiseD. arouse18. His accent is ____ to people in that small town.A. typicalB. peculiarC. characteristicD. special19. Stealing a book or a toy is a minor ____ which, if left uncorrected, will get worse.A. offenseB. guiltC. crimeD. sin20. This book comes as a____ to him who learns a lot from it.A. revelationB. replacementC. resolutionD. revolution21. He managed to save ____ he could to tend the homeless boy.A. what little timeB. so little timeC. such little timeD. how little time22. After reviewing the troops, ____ visiting general commented that he had finally seen the kind of ____ soldier that the nation needs.A. a/aB. a/theC. the/-D. the/the23. I never think of fall ____ I think of the hardships I have experienced when I was a child.A. thatB. whenC. butD. and24. Within decades, PAN-type research will transform the Internet into the Life Net, acomprehensive ____ environment for human habitation.A. sensoryB. sensibleC. sensitiveD. sensational25. Outside people were cheering and awaiting the arrival of the New Year while inside Harry was lying severely ill in bed feeling thoroughly ____.A. ignobleB. compassionateC. unconsciousD. wretched26. For most companies and factories, the fewer the injury ____, the better their workman’s insurance rate.A. proclamationsB. confirmsC. declarationsD. claims27. I am ____ grateful for the many kindnesses you have shown my son.A. excessivelyB. muchC. certainlyD. exceedingly28. It was requested that all of the equipment ____ in the agreed time.A. erectedB. be erectedC. would be erectedD. will be erected29. We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours ____ miracle.A. is workingB. worksC. will be workingD. worked30. Within two hours his complexion____ color and his limbs became warm.A. took onB. took toC. took upD. took downPart 2: Readings. （40 POINTS）Passage AChildren as young as four will study Shakespeare in a project being launched today by the Royal Shakespeare Company.The RSC is holding its first national conference for primary school teachers to encourage them to use the Bard’s plays imaginatively in the classroom from reception classes onwards. The conference will be told that they should learn how Shakespearian characters like Puck in A Midsummer Night’s Dream are “jolly characters”and how to write about them.At present, the national curriculum does not require pupils to approach Shakespeareuntil secondary school. All it says is that pupils should study “texts drawn from a variety of cultures and traditions”and “myths, legends and traditional stories”. However, educationists at the RSC believe children will gain a better appreciation of Shakespeare if they are introduced to him at a much younger age. “Even very young children can enjoy Shakespeare’s plays,”said Mary Johnson, head of the learning department. “It is just a question of pitching it for the age group. Even reception classes and key stage one pupils (five-to-seven-year-olds) can enjoy his stories.”For instance, if you build up Puck as a character who skips, children of that age can enjoy the character. They can be inspired by Puck and they could even start writing about him at that age.It is the RSC’s belief that building the Bard up as a fun playwright in primary school could counter some of the negative images conjured up about teaching Shakespeare in secondary schools. Then, pupils have to concentrate on scenes from the plays to answer questions for compulsory English national-curriculum tests for 14-year-olds. Critics of the tests have complained that pupils no longer have the time to study or read the whole play—and therefore lose interest in Shakespeare.However, Ms. Johnson is encouraging teachers to present 20-minute versions of the plays—a classroom version of the Reduced Shakespeare Company’s Complete Works of Shakespeare (Abridged) which told his 37 plays in 97 minutes—to give pupils a flavor of the whole drama.The RSC’s venture coincides with a call for schools to allow pupils to be more creative in writing about Shakespeare. Professor Kate McLuskie, the new director ofthe University of Birmingham’s Shakespeare Institute—also based in Stratford—said it was time to get away from the idea that there was “a right answer”to any question about Shakespeare. Her first foray into the world of Shakespeare was to berate him as a misogynist in a 1985 essay but she now insists this should not be interpreted as a criticism of his works—although she admits: “I probably wouldn’t have written it quite the same way if I had been writing it now. What we should be doing is making sure that someone is getting something out of Shakespeare.”she said. “People are very scared about getting the right answer. I know it’s different but I don’t care if they come up with a right answer that I can agree with about Shakespeare.”01. What is this passage mainly concerned with? ____A. How to give pupils a flavor of Shakespeare drama.B. The fun of reading Shakespeare.C. RSC project will teach children how to write on Shakespeare.D. RSC project will help four-year-old children find the fun in Shakespeare.02. What’s Puck’s characteristic according to your understanding of the passage? ____A. Rude, rush and impolite.B. Happy, interesting and full of fun.C. Dull, absurd and ridiculous.D. Shrewd, cunning and tricky.03. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? ____A. RSC insists on teaching Shakespeare from the secondary school.B. Pupils should study “texts drawn from a variety of cultures and traditions”required by the national curriculum.C. The national curriculum does not require pupils to approach Shakespeare until secondary school now.D. RSC believes children will gain a better appreciation of Shakespeare if they are introduced to him at a much younger age.04. Ms. Johnson encourages teachers to present 20-minute versions of the plays in order to ____.A. introduce them into the world of ShakespeareB. deal with the final examination on ShakespeareC. give pupils a flavor of the whole dramaD. strengthen the students with the knowledge of Shakespeare05. Which of the following is NOT true according to the last paragraph? ____A. Professor Kate McLuskie once scolded Shakespeare in her essay.B. Professor Kate McLuskie insisted on her view on Shakespeare till now.C. Professor Kate McLuskie has changed her idea now.D. Ms. Kate thinks it was time to get away from the idea that there was “a right answer”to any question about Shakespeare.Passage BSome believe that in the age of identikit computer games, mass entertainment and conformity on the supermarket shelves, truly inspired thinking has gone out of the window. But, there are others who hold the view that there is still plenty of scope for innovation, lateral thought and creative solutions. Despite the standardization of modern life, there is an unabated appetite for great ideas, visionary thinking and inspired debate. In the first of a series of monthly debates on contemporary issues, we ask two original thinkers to discuss the nature of creativity. Here is the first one. Yes. Absolutely. Since I started working as an inventor 10 or 12 years ago, I’ve seen a big change in attitudes to creativity and invention. Back then, there was hardly any support for inventors, apart from the national organization the Institute of Patentees and Inventors. Today, there are lots of little inventors’clubs popping up all over the place, my last count was 19 nationally and growing. These non-profit clubs, run by inventors for inventors, are an indication that people are once again interested in invention.I’ve been a project leader, a croupier, an IT consultant and I’ve written a motor manual. I spent my teens under a 1950s two-tone Riley RME car, learning to put it together. Back in the Sixties, kids like me were always out doing things, making go-karts, riding bicycles or exploring. We learned to overcome challenges and solve problems. We weren’t just sitting at a P1ayStation, like many kids do today.But I think, and hope, things are shifting back. There’s a lot more interest in design and creativity and such talents are getting a much higher profile in the media. It’s evident with TV programmes such as Channel4’s Scrapheap Challenge or BBC2’s The Apprentice and Dragon’s Den, where people are given a task to solve or face the challenge of selling their idea to a panel.And, thankfully, the image of the mad scientist with electrified hair working in the garden shed is long gone—although, there are still a few exceptions!That’s not to say there aren’t problems. With the decline in manufacturing we are losing the ability to know how to make things. There’s a real skills gap developing. In my opinion, the Government does little or nothing to help innovation at the lone-inventor or small or medium enterprise level. I would love to see more money spent on teaching our school kids how to be inventive. But, despite everything, if you have a good idea and real determination, you can still do very well.My own specialist area is packaging closures—almost every product needs it. I got the idea for Squeeze open after looking at an old tin of boot polish when my mother complained she couldn’t get the lid off. If you can do something cheaper, better, and you are 100 percent committed, there is a chance it will be a success.I see a fantastic amount of innovation and opportunities out there. People don`t realize how much is going on. New materials are coming out all the time and the space programme and scientific research are producing a variety of spin-offs. Innovation doesn’t have to be high-tech: creativity and inventing is about finding the rightsolution to a problem, whatever it is. There’s a lot of talent out there and, thankfully, some of the more progressive companies are suddenly realizing they don’t want to miss out—it’s an exciting time.01. What is the debate concerned with? ____A. What should we do to inspire people’s creativity?B. Will people’s invention and inspiration be exhausted in the future?C. Is there still a future for invention and inspiration?D. Who will be winner of the future technology?02. According to the opinion of the interviewer ____.A. the future for invention dependsB. there is still a future for invention and inspirationC. there is no future for invention and inspiration in modern societyD. the future for invention and inspiration is unclear03. Which of the following is NOT true about the kids in the sixties? ____A. Out doing things, making go-karts.B. Riding bicycle and exploring.C. Sitting before computers to play games.D. Like to overcome challenges and solve problems.04. Which of the following is the suggestion of the interviewer to the problem? ____A. The government should spend more money helping innovation.B. The kids should cultivate their love of science and invention.C. More inventors’clubs should be set up.D. Invention courses are necessary to children.05. What’s the central idea of the last paragraph? ____A. We should miss out the exciting time.B. A variety of spin-offs are produced by the scientific research.C. The nature of innovation.D. The nature of talent.Passage CFor the executive producer of a network nightly news programme, the workday often begins at midnight as mine did during seven years with ABC’s evening newscast. The first order of business was a call to the assignment desk for a pre-bedtime rundown of latest developments.The assignment desk operates 24 hours a day, staffed by editors who move crews, correspondents and equipment to the scene of events. Assignment-desk editors are logistics experts; they have to know plane schedules, satellite availability, and whom to get in touch with at local stations and overseas broadcasting systems. They are required to assess stories as they break on the wire services—sometimes even before they do—and to decide how much effort to make to cover those stories.When the United States was going to appeal to arms against Iraq, the number of correspondents and crews was constantly evaluated. Based on reports from the fieldand also upon the skilled judgments of desk editors in New York City, the right number of personnel was kept on the alert. The rest were allowed to continue working throughout the world, in America and Iraq ready to move but not tied down by false alarms.The studio staff of ABC’s “World News Tonight”assembles at 9 a.m. to prepare for the 6:30 “air”p.m. deadline. Overnight dispatches from outlying bureaus and press services are read. There are phone conversations with the broadcast’s staff producers in domestic bureaus and with the London bureau senior producer, who coordinates overseas coverage. A pattern emerges for the day’s news, a pattern outlined in the executive producer’s first lineup. The lineup tells the staff what stories are scheduled; what the priorities are for processing film of editing tape; what scripts need to be written; what commercials are scheduled; how long stories should run and in what order. Without a lineup, there would be chaos.Each story’s relative value in dollars and cents must be continually assessed by the executive producer. Cutting back satellite booking to save money might mean that an explanation delivered by an anchor person will replace actual photos of an event. A decline in live coverage could send viewers away and drive ratings down, but there is not enough money to do everything. So decisions must be made and made rapidly—because delay can mean a missed connection for shipping tape or access to a satellite blocked by a competitor.The broadcasts themselves require pacing and style. The audience has to be allowed to breathe between periods of intense excitement. A vivid pictorial report followed byless exacting materials allows the viewer to reflect on information that has just flashed by. Frequent switches from one anchor to another or from one film or tape report to another create a sense of forward movement. Ideally, leading and tags to stories are worked out with field correspondents, enabling them to fit their reports into the programme’s narrative flow so the audience’s attention does not wander and more substance is absorbed.Scripts are constantly rewritten to blend well with incoming pictures. Good copy is crisp, informative. Our rule: the fewer words the better. If a picture can do the work, let it.01. What does the word “rundown”possibly mean? ____A. The rehearsal of tomorrow’s programme.B. A working report or summary to his superior or head.C. An explanation of the programme.D. Preparation for the programme.02. What is the function of the third paragraph? ____A. To lustrate the important role and function of the assignment desk.B. To give us a brief introduction of their working conditions.C. To exemplify the cooperation of all sections in the company.D. To emphasize the mission of the correspondent.03. All the following can be employed to make the report more effective EXCEPT ____.A. providing more vivid pictures and detailsB. changing the style to cater for the audience’s appetiteC. more live coverage to replace the linguistic explanationD. interval shifts of the materials of the coverage04. What will the executive producer mostly be concerned with? ____A. The cost and the effect.B. The truth of the coverage.C. The audience’s interest.D. The form of the coverage.05. What is the text mainly about? ____A. Ways to cut down the cost of the coverage.B. How to make the report more attractive.C. To describe the work of the executive producer.D. To introduce the style and feature s of the news programme.Passage DIt’s nothing new that English use is on the rise around the world, especially in business circles. This also happens in France, the headquarters of the global battle against American cultural hegemony. If French guys are giving in to English, something really big must be going on. And something big is going on.Partly, it’s that American hegemony. Dither Bench mol, CEO of a French e-commerce software company, feels compelled to speak English perfectly because the Internet software business is dominated by Americans. He and other French businessmen also have to speak English because they want to get their message out to American investors, possessors of the world’s deepest pockets.The triumph of English in France and elsewhere in Europe, however, may rest on something mare enduring. As they become entwined with each other politically and economically, Europeans need a way to talk to one another and to the rest of the world. And for a number of reasons, they’ve decided upon English as their common tongue. So when German chemical and pharmaceutical company Hoechst merged with French competitor Rhone-Poulenc last year, the companies chose the vaguely Latinate Aventis as the new company name—and settled on English as the company’s common language. When monetary policymakers from around Europe began meeting at the European Central Bank in Frankfurt last year to set interest rates for the new Euro land, they held their deliberations in English. Even the European Commission, with 11 official languages and a traditionally French-speaking bureaucracy, effectively switched over to English as its working language last year.How did this happen? One school attributes English’s great success to the sheer weight of its merit. It’s a Germanic language, brought to Britain around the fifth century A. D. During the four centuries of French-speaking rule that followed Norman Conquest of 1966, the Language morphed into something else entirely. French words were added wholesale, and most of the complications of Germanic grammar were shedwhile few of the complications of French were added. The result is a language with a huge vocabulary and a simple grammar that can express most things more efficiently than either of its parents. What’s more, English has remained ungoverned and open to change—foreign words, coinages, and grammatical shifts—in a way that French, ruled by the purist Academia Francoise, has not.So it’s a swell language, especially for business. But the rise of English over the past few centuries clearly owes at least as much to history and economics as to the language’s ability to economically express the concept win-win. What happened is that the competition—first Latin, then French, then, briefly, German—faded with the waning of the political, economic, and military fortunes of, respectively, the Catholic Church, France, and Germany. All along, English was increasing in importance: Britain was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, and London the world’s most important financial center, which made English a key language for business. England’s colonies around the world also made it the language with the most global reach. And as that former colony the U.S. rose to the status of the world’s preeminent political, economic, military, and cultural power, English became the obvious second language to learn.In the 1990s more and more Europeans found themselves forced to use English. The last generation of business and government leaders who hadn’t studied English in school was leaving the stage. The European Community was adding new members and evolving from a paper-shuffling club into a serious regional government that would need a single common language if it were ever to get anything done.Meanwhile, economic barriers between European nations have been disappearing, meaning that more and more companies are beginning to look at the whole continent as their domestic market. And then the Internet came along.The Net had two big impacts. One was that it was an exciting, potentially lucrative new industry that had its roots in the U.S., so if you wanted to get in on it, you had to speak some English. The other was that by surfing the Web, Europeans who had previously encountered English only in school and in pop songs were now coming into contact with it daily.None of this means English has taken over European life. According to the European Union, 47% of Western Europeans (including the British and Irish) speak English well enough to carry on a conversation. That’s a lot more than those who can speak German (32%) or French (28%), but it still means more Europeans don’t speak the language. If you want to sell shampoo or cell phones, you have to do it in French or German or Spanish or Greek. Even the U. S. and British media companies that stand to benefit most from the spread of English have been hedging their bets—CNN broadcasts in Spanish; the Financial Times has recently launched a daily German-language edition.But just look at who speaks English: 77% of Western European college students, 69% of managers, and 65% of those aged 15 to 24. In the secondary schools of the European Union’s non-English-speaking countries, 91% of students study English, all of which means that the transition to English as the language of European businesshasn’t been all that traumatic, and it’s only going to get easier in the future.01.In the author’s opinion, what really underlies the rising status of English in France and Europe is ____.A. American dominance in the Internet software businessB. a practical need for effective communication among EuropeansC. Europeans’eagerness to do business with American businessmenD. the recent trend for foreign companies to merge with each other02. Europeans began to favor English for all the following reasons EXCEPT its ____.A. inherent linguistic propertiesB. association with the business worldC. links with the United StatesD. disassociation from political changes03. Which of the following statements forecasts the continuous rise of English in the future? ____A. About half of Western Europeans are now proficient in English.B. U. S. and British media companies are operating in Western Europe.C. Most secondary school students in Europe study English.D. Most Europeans continue to use their own language.04.The passage has discussed the rise in English use on the Continent from thefollowing perspectives EXCEPT ____.A. economicsB. national securityC. the emergence of the InternetD. the changing functions of the European Community05. The passage mainly examines the factors related to ____.A. the rising status of English in EuropeB. English learning in non-English-speaking E. U. nationsC. the preference for English by European businessmenD. the switch from French to English in the European CommissionPassage EThe role of governments in environmental management is difficult inescapable. Sometimes, the state tries to manage the resources it owns, and does so badly. Often, however, governments act in an even more harmful way. They actually subsidize the exploitation and consumption of natural resources. A whole range of policies, from farm-price support to protection for coat-mining, do environmental damage and (often) make no economic sense. Scrapping them offers a two-fold bonus: a cleaner environment and a more efficient economy. Growth and environmentalism can actually go hand in hand, if politicians have the courage to confront the vested interest that subsidies create.No activity affects more of the earth’s surface than farming. It shapes a third of the planet’s land area, not counting Antarctica, and the proportion is rising. World food output per head has risen by 4 percent between the 1970s and I980s mainly as a result of increases in yields from land already in cultivation, but also because more land has been brought under the plough.All these activities may have damaging environmental impacts. For example, land clearing for agriculture is the largest single cause of deforestation; chemical fertilizers and pesticides may contaminate water supplies; more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods tend to exacerbate soil erosion; and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the disappearance of old varieties of food plants which might have provided some insurance against pests or diseases in future. Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land in both rich and poor countries. The United States, where the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate likely to diminish the soil’s productivity. The country subsequently embarked upon a programme to convert 11 percent of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China is vanishing much faster than in America.Government policies have frequently compounded the environmental damage that farming can cause. In the rich countries, subsidies for growing crops and price supports for farm output drive up the price of land. In the late 1980s and early 1990s some efforts were made to reduce farm subsidies. The most dramatic example was that。
2010年中山大学考研教育硕士(Ed.M)教育综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2010年中山大学考研教育硕士（Ed.M）教育综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 名词解释题 2. 简答题 3. 论述题1．教育学正确答案：教育学是以教育现象、教育问题为研究对象，归纳总结人类教育活动的科学理论与实践，探索解决教育活动在产生、发展过程中遇到的实际教育问题，从而揭示一般教育规律的一门社会科学。
当代教育学的特征包括：①教育学研究的问题领域急剧扩大；②教育学的研究基础和研究模式呈现多样化；③教育学发生了细密的分化。
形成了初步的教育学科体系；④教育学研究与教育实践改革的关系日益密切；⑤教育学加强了对自身的反思，形成了教育学的元理论。
教育学的价值可以概括为反思日常教育经验、科学解释教育问题以及有效沟通教育理论与实践三个方面。
2．因材施教正确答案：因材施教是指教育要从学生的实际情况、个别差异出发，根据他们的年龄特征和个性差异进行不同的教育，使每个学生都能扬长避短、获得最大程度的发展，这是教育原则之一，也是德育原则之一。
德育中贯彻因材施教原则的基本要求是：①深人了解学生的个性特点和内心世界，这是因材施教的前提和基础；②根据学生个人特点有的放矢地进行教育，要找到能适合学生特点、开启学生心灵的德育内容和方法，创造性地进行教育；③根据学生的年龄特征有计划地进行教育。
3．教育目的正确答案：教育目的是指社会对教育所要造就的社会个体质量规格的设想或规定。
教育目的有广义和狭义之分，广义的教育目的是指人们对受教育者的期望；狭义的教育目的是国家对教育培养什么样人才的总要求。
历史上教育思想家对教育目的有不同论述，大致可分社会本位论和个人本位论两类。
从社会的需要来认定教育目的，是社会本位论；从个体发展来确定教育目的，是个人本位论。
教育目的对一切教育工作都有意义，教育目的是整个教育工作的方向，是一切教育工作的出发点，教育目的的实现是教育活动的归宿。
4．陶冶正确答案：陶冶是通过创设良好的生活情境，潜移默化地培养学生品德的方法。
2010、2011中山大学大口综
口解# 组病* 口外%牙体牙髓@修复&11年名解5’*10 简答10’*15 问答20’*5名解1.Malassez epithelial rest2.acantholysis3.lip region4.mandibular postural position5.oral and maxillofacial surgery6.odontgenic cyst7.concussion of the teeth8.master apical file9.endosteal implant10.mucosa support denture简答1.简述口腔黏膜上皮内非角质形成细胞的种类、来源及功能*2.简述舌背黏膜的组织学特点*3.简述牙源性钙化上皮瘤的病理变化*4.以下颌第一磨牙为例简述牙体外形的生理意义#5.简述颞下颌关节盘的形态结构#6.简述后牙牙合运动循环#7.简述颈淋巴结分组Ⅰ.Ⅱ.Ⅲ.Ⅳ.Ⅴ.Ⅵ等各区的位置划分#8.简述牙挺使用的力学原理%9.请问口腔鳞癌发生的物理因素有哪些%*10.窝洞充填时复合树脂斜向分层固化的目的@11.牙根纵裂的临床表现@12.牙源性疼痛诊断三步骤@13.严重缺损磨牙经根管治疗后如何选择修复体&14.影响全口义齿固位的因素有哪些&15.全瓷修复后出现瓷崩裂的原因有哪些&问答1.试述疣状癌的临床表现和病理变化*%2.试述牙尖交错牙合时唇（颊）舌向咬合接触特征#3.请叙述甲状舌管囊肿的诊断和鉴别诊断%*4.何谓主牙胶尖？请详细叙述临床上筛选主牙胶尖的步骤@5.患者男，45y，因修复体陈旧要求重新修复。
PE上颌缺牙A14568、B23678，余留A237、B145，现有上颌全牙列锤造金属塑料固定义齿，边缘不密合，咬合面破损，异味；下颌缺牙C5678、D678，现有下颌C56、D67可摘局部义齿，原基牙C7近期拔出。
请问：①该患者牙列缺损如何分型？②现有修复体有什么问题？③再修复如何设计？&Tips口腔黏膜上皮内非角质形成细胞、舌背黏膜、牙源性钙化上皮瘤、疣状癌、颞下颌关节盘、牙体外形、下颌第一磨牙、牙合运动、颈淋巴结分组位置、牙尖交错牙合接触特征、牙挺使用、甲状舌管囊肿、口腔鳞癌、窝洞充填时复合树脂、主牙胶尖、牙根纵裂、牙源性疼痛、全口义齿固位、全瓷修复后瓷崩裂、严重缺损磨牙修复体10年名解5’*10 简答10’*15 问答20’*5名解1. Enamel lamellae2、 Junctional epidhelium3、 Attrition4、 Intercuspal occlusion5、 Apical seat6、 Dens invaginatus7、 Gingival retraction technique8、 Fulcrum line9、 Anesthes1a10、Tr1gemina1 neura1gia简答1、简述釉质龋透明层的形成机制。
中山大学基础医学综合历年考研真题汇编
2015 年中山大学 679 基础医学综合考研真题
2016 年中山大学 671 基础医学综合考研真题
2017 年中山大学 676 基础医学综合考研真题
2018 年中山大学 675 基础医学综合考研真题
2010 年中山大学 662 基础医学综合考研真题
2011 年中山大学 669 基础医学综合考研真题
2012 年中山大学 667 基础医学综合考研真题
2013 年中山大学 672 基础医学综合考研真题
2014 年中山大学 679 基础医学综合考研真题
目录
2010 年中山大学 662 基础医学综合考研真题.................................................................................................... 4 2011 年中山大学 669 基础医学综合考研真题.................................................................................................. 20 2012 年中山大学 667 基础医学综合考研真题.................................................................................................. 34 2013 年中山大学 672 基础医学综合考研真题.................................................................................................. 44 2014 年中山大学 679 基础医学综合考研真题.................................................................................................. 58 2015 年中山大学 679 基础医学综合考研真题.................................................................................................. 74 2016 年中山大学 671 基础医学综合考研真题.................................................................................................. 89 2017 年中山大学 676 基础医学综合考研真题.................................................................................................103 2018 年中山大学 675 基础医学综合考研真题.................................................................................................109 2019 年中山大学 677 基础医学综合考研真题................................................................................................. 115
(NEW)中山大学心理学系654心理学研究方法历年考研真题汇编(含部分答案)
目 录2011年中山大学心理学系640心理学研究方法考研真题2011年中山大学心理学系640心理学研究方法考研真题及部分答案2012年中山大学心理学系640心理学研究方法考研真题2012年中山大学心理学系640心理学研究方法考研真题及部分答案2013年中山大学心理学系656心理学研究方法考研真题2013年中山大学心理学系656心理学研究方法考研真题及部分答案2014年中山大学心理学系661心理学研究方法考研真题2014年中山大学心理学系661心理学研究方法考研真题及部分答案2015年中山大学心理学系661心理学研究方法考研真题2015年中山大学心理学系661心理学研究方法考研真题及部分答案2016年中山大学心理学系661心理学研究方法考研真题2016年中山大学心理学系661心理学研究方法考研真题及部分答案2017年中山大学心理学系655心理学研究方法考研真题2011年中山大学心理学系640心理学研究方法考研真题2011年中山大学心理学系640心理学研究方法考研真题及部分答案一、选择题：请选择一个最恰当的答案。
把题号和答案写在答题纸上。
（每题3分，共45分）1．如果一个变量的所有数值都差不多相等，另外一个变量的数值之间却差异很大，那么这两个变量间的相关系数接近（ ）。
A．零B．1.0C．1.0或－1.0D．－1.0【答案】A【解析】r＝0时表示完全独立，说明两个变量之间不相关或零相关；相关系数r＝＋1.00时表示完全正相关，相关系数r＝－1.00表示完全负相关，这两种情况都说明两个变量之间为确定关系；相关系数的取值在－1.00至＋1.00之间，表示不同程度的相关。
一个变量基本不变，另一个变量却变化很大，说明这个变量的变化与前面的变量无关，所以这两个变量之间的相关系数接近0。
2．一个实验中包含控制组或控制条件是为了（ ）。
A．为感兴趣的变量提供一个可比较的基线B．避免天花板效应或地板效应C．估计实验者效应和要求特征D．增强结果的普遍性【答案】A【解析】实验组是进行实验处理的组，如进行光照或使用某种教学方法，控制组是对照实验组，不进行实验处理。
中山大学外科学(普外科)2010年考博真题考博试卷
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攻 读 博 士 学 位 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 试 卷
医学考博真题试卷
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中山大学
2010 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：外科学（普外科） 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、 所有外科考生必答题（80’） 1. 在手术切口铺无菌巾或者贴无菌敷料的目的？ 2. 肱骨髁上骨折的分型及并发症？ 3. 儿茶酚胺症的原因及临床表现？ 4. 若病人体液急性丧失达体重的 5%，有何临床表现？ 5. 心脏疾病可增加病人术后死亡的风险，Goldman 指数哪两项得分最高？ 6. 临床诊疗过程中如何预防潜在的 HIV 感染？ 7. SIRS 的中英文全名及诊断的临床指标？ 8. 伤口按表现不同如何分类？手术切口愈合如何分级？试举例说明。 9. Crohn disease 外科治疗适应症及手术原则？ 10. 下肢深静脉血栓非手术治疗方法？ 11. PEG 中英文全称及适应症？ 12. 如何评价目前外科治疗甲状腺功能亢进症？
2010中山大学考研真题--普通物理
2010中山大学考研真题--普通物理对于准备考研的学子来说，中山大学的考研真题无疑是极具参考价值的学习资料。
2010 年中山大学考研真题中的普通物理部分，涵盖了众多重要的知识点，也对考生的理解能力、分析能力和解题能力提出了全面的要求。
从力学部分来看，真题可能涉及到牛顿运动定律、动量守恒、能量守恒等基础而核心的概念。
比如，可能会给出一个具体的物体运动情景，要求考生运用牛顿定律分析物体的受力情况，从而计算出加速度、速度等关键物理量。
又或者通过一个碰撞的实例，考察考生对动量守恒定律的理解和应用能力，看能否准确计算出碰撞前后系统的动量变化。
热学方面，理想气体状态方程、热力学第一定律和第二定律往往是重点。
可能会给出一定量理想气体的初始状态和变化过程，让考生计算其最终状态的温度、压强等参数，并判断这个过程是吸热还是放热。
同时，关于热力学第二定律的表述和理解，也可能会以简答题的形式出现，要求考生阐述其内涵以及在实际问题中的应用。
电磁学部分在普通物理中占据着重要的地位。
库仑定律、电场强度、高斯定理、安培环路定理等都是常见的考点。
真题可能会给出一个带电体的分布情况，让考生计算周围空间的电场强度和电势分布。
或者给出一个载流回路，要求考生运用安培环路定理计算磁感应强度。
对于电磁感应现象，也可能会通过一个具体的实验装置或实际应用场景，考察考生对法拉第电磁感应定律的掌握程度。
光学部分，光的干涉、衍射和偏振是重点内容。
可能会让考生分析双缝干涉、薄膜干涉的条纹特征和形成条件，计算条纹间距等。
对于衍射现象，可能会给出单缝衍射或圆孔衍射的情况，要求考生理解衍射现象的特点和规律。
偏振光的产生和检验，以及偏振光在实际中的应用，也有可能成为考题的一部分。
在处理这些真题时，考生需要具备扎实的基础知识，能够熟练运用所学的公式和定理进行推导和计算。
同时，还需要有较强的逻辑思维能力，能够从复杂的问题中提取关键信息，构建合理的解题思路。
例如，在一道关于力学的综合题中，可能会同时涉及到多个物体的运动和相互作用。
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2010年中山大学655医学综合考研试题（暂缺答案）(总分：300.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、单选题(每题3分,共20题,共60分)请选择正确答案的代码写在答题纸上,并标明题号(总题数：20，分数：60.00)1.再生能力强,经常更新的细胞是( )A.造血细胞B.肝细胞C.成纤维细胞D.平滑肌细胞E.心肌细胞2.混合血栓通常见于( )A.静脉血栓尾部B.毛细血管内C.心瓣膜闭锁缘D.动脉血栓头部E.静脉血栓体部3.白细胞游出血管后,主动向某些化学刺激物所在部位作单一定向的移动,称为( )A.吞噬作用B.趋化作用C.吸附作用D.阿米巴样运动作用E.细胞渗出4.促进静脉回流的最主要因素是( )A.心脏泵血能力B.重力作用C.呼吸运动D.骨骼肌收缩E.体温影响5.下列生理过程中,属于负反馈调节的是 ( )A.排尿反射B.减压反射C.分娩D.血液凝固E.呼吸运动6.突触前抑制的发生是由于( )A.突触前膜兴奋性递质释放量减少B.突触前膜释放抑制性递质C.突触后膜超极化D.中间抑制性神经元兴奋的结果E.突触后膜除极化7.帕金森病的产生是由下列哪个系统受损所致( )A.黑质-纹状体多巴胺能系统B.脑干网状结构胆碱能系统C.纹状体、黑质γ-氨基丁酸能系统D.中缝核5-羟色胺能系统E.蓝斑核上部去甲肾上腺素能系统8.与DNA修复调节基因突变相关的肿瘤是( )A.Li-Fraumeni综合征B.肾母细胞瘤C.家族性腺瘤息肉病D.神经纤维瘤病E.遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌9.血糖浓度低时,脑仍能摄取葡萄糖而肝不能是因为( )A.脑细胞膜葡萄糖载体易将葡萄糖转运入细胞B.肝葡萄糖激酶的Km值低C.脑己糖激酶的Km值低D.葡萄糖激酶具有特异性E.血脑屏障在血糖低时不起作用10.下列关于核蛋白体的叙述,正确的是( )A.是遗传密码的携带者B.由rRNA与蛋白质构成C.由snRNA与hnRNA构成D.由DNA与蛋白质构成E.由引物、DNA和蛋白质构成11.下列DNA中,一般不用作克隆载体的是( )A.质粒DNAB.大肠杆菌DNAC.病毒DNAD.噬菌体DNAE.酵母人工染色体12.下列哪种乳糖操纵子序列能与RNA聚合酶结合 ( )A.P序列B.O序列C.CAP结合位点D.I基因E.Z基因13.无法鉴别心源性哮喘与支气管哮喘时,治疗应选用( )A.吗啡B.地高辛C.异丙肾上腺素D.氦茶碱E.糖皮质激素14.心力衰竭时下述减轻心脏负荷的治疗措施中,哪一项是不正确的( )。
A.根据病情适当安排生活,劳动和休息B.凡是心力衰竭的患者均应卧床休息C.控制钠盐摄入D.合理应用利尿剂E.合理应用血管扩张药15.治疗洋地黄中毒,下列哪一项是错误的( )。
A.停用洋地黄制剂B.停用利尿药C.凡是快速性心律失常均可给予苯妥英钠治疗D.利多卡因可用于室性心律失常的治疗E.阿托品可用于缓慢性心律失常的治疗16.劳累型心绞痛含服硝酸甘油后疼痛缓解时间多为A.几秒钟B.1~2分钟C.10~15分钟D.20~30分钟E.半小时以上17.选择性蛋白尿的特点是以( )。
A.清蛋白为主B.白蛋白为主C.本-周蛋白为主D.IgA为主E.β2-微球蛋白为主18.门脉高压症常见的原因为( )A.肝肿瘤B.慢性肝炎C.肝硬化D.门静脉主干先天性畸形E.脂肪肝19.椎管内麻醉术前应用阿托品是为了A.镇静B.催眠C.抗惊厥D.抑制迷走神经反射E.止吐20.多种原因引起的休克都有一个共同点( )A.血压下降B.脉压缩小C.有效循环血量锐减D.中心静脉压下降E.脉压升高二、填充题:(每题3分,共20题,共60 分)请把答案按顺序写在答题纸上,并标明题号。
(总题数：20，分数：60.00)21.心脏活动的正常起搏点在 122.细胞坏死时核的形态学改变有 1、 2、 3。
23.心迷走神经兴奋时,其末梢释放 1,和心肌细胞膜上的 2受体结合,可使心率 3。
24.遗传密码中的终止密码是: 1， 2， 3。
25.甲状腺激素作用的主要机制是 126.冈崎片段是指 127.机体功能调节的三种方式是 1， 2， 3。
28.发热开始前,先出现寒战的原因是 129.动脉粥样硬化的病变过程可分为 1， 2和 3期。
30.胆固醇合成的限速酶是 131.复制过程中参与催化3′ ,5′磷酸二酯键生成的酶有: 1， 2， 3。
32.混合血栓的形态学特征是: 1， 2及 3。
33.交感神经节后纤维支配的组织有: 1， 2， 3。
34.糖酵解的关键酶有 1， 2， 3等三个酶。
35.肝硬化的特征性病变是 136.脂褐素大量增加最常见于细胞 137.预激综合征并发快速心房颤动患者治疗可选择: 1， 2， 3。
38.渗出性蛋白尿中的蛋白是指 1， 2， 3。
39.当病人出现血容量不足的症状时,说明短期内体液丧失至少已达体重的 1% 。
40.炎症灶的病原微生物或某些毒性产物可侵入血循环或被吸收入血,引起菌血症、 1， 2，和 3等。
三、名词解释:(每题5分,共10题,共50分)(总题数：10，分数：50.00)41.血栓形成:__________________________________________________________________________________________ 42.脂肪变性:__________________________________________________________________________________________ 43.凋亡:__________________________________________________________________________________________ 44.兴奋性突触后电位__________________________________________________________________________________________ 45.内环境:__________________________________________________________________________________________ 46.应激反应：__________________________________________________________________________________________ 47.操纵子:__________________________________________________________________________________________ 48.癌基因:__________________________________________________________________________________________ 49.阿司匹林哮喘:__________________________________________________________________________________________ 50.肿瘤标志物:__________________________________________________________________________________________四、简答题(每题10分,共7题,共70分)(总题数：7，分数：70.00)51.何谓炎症介质并简述5-羟色胺、前列腺素、缓激肽的来源及其在炎症中的作用。
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 52.根据所学生理学知识,简要说明如何降低高热病人的体温。
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 53.试述心脏的神经支配及其作用机制。
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 54.蛋白质变性作用与变构效应两个概念有什么区别?__________________________________________________________________________________________ 55.血浆脂蛋白用超速离心法可分为哪几类?各自的功能是什么?__________________________________________________________________________________________ 56.恶性高血压临床特点有哪些?__________________________________________________________________________________________ 57.简述无菌手术概念。
__________________________________________________________________________________________五、论述题(每题20分,共3题,共60分)(总题数：3，分数：60.00)58.试述心肌细胞动作电位的特点、形成机理及意义。
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 59.试述细胞信号转导的主要途径。
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 60.试述医学背景学生从事药学研究的优势和不足之处,并述个人科研兴趣和研究计划。
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