四级汉译英讲义

汉译英讲义

一、汉译英应试原则和基本程序

（一）汉译英应试原则

手法灵活（如遇难译之处，换用其它相近说法表达）语法正确（避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误）

内容忠实（必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来，不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删）

语言闪光（译文符合英语表达习惯，且用词准确、多样）

（二）汉译英基本程序

1．理解通读并透彻理解原文含义

2．翻译确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词3．审校首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译；其次，检查是否有语言

上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼

写、大小写、标点符号等。发现错误，及时

改正。

二、汉译英专项练习

一、倍数增减的表示法

1)Force N1 _2.5 times greater than Force N2.(比力N2

大2.5倍).

2)This substance _reacts three times as fast as the other one (反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).

3)The earth _is 49 times as size as the moon.(是月球大小的49倍).

4)The landlord房东want to raise the rent租金by a third.(想将租金提高三分之一).

5)They plan double their investment投资(计划将投资增加一倍).

二、时态

1)Be quick, or the wedding will have finished by the time到……的时候we get to church(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).

2)When she got home, the children had fallen asleep(孩子们已经睡着了).

3)When I prepare for the college entrance examination, my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside(我姐姐将在海边度假).

4)I_is revising my resume all the morning(一上午都在修改我的简历).

5)Do you often go on holiday? No,I haven't already gone

on holiday.(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).

6)He joined the army in October, 2001. He has been in the army for 5 years.(他参军已五年了).

三、被动语态

1)The blackboard and chalk are being instead of the computer and the projector(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).

2)The book _will have been published by the end of this year.(到今年年底就将已出版).

3)Computer models __can be used to demonstrate the way of the cells work(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).

4)When the bill of fare was brought, I was startled, for the prize were a great higher than I had anticipated(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料).

5)Effective measures must be taken immediately(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.

四、情态动词

1)The phone is ringing, but there is no answer ,she can't

be at home(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).

2)I can’t find my sunglasses. _I may have left them in

the coffee shop yesterday(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).

3)You screamed in your sleep last night. You must

have dreamed of something terrible(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了).

4)It’s a pity. You should have invited her to your

graduation ceremony(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的).

5)In fact,I needn't put on my best suit to go to the

party(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.

五、虚拟语气

1)I wish I had had your opportunities when I was

young(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).

2)If only he had known this disease ie curable__(他知

道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.

3)——Would you like him to paint your door with

yellow stars?