Big-Rip, Sudden Future, and other exotic singularities in the universe

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tbbt主题曲词+sheldon语录

主题曲《The Big Bang Theory Theme》歌词歌词（英文）歌词（中文）Our whole universe was in a hot dense state,宇宙一度又烫又稠密Then nearly fourteen billion years ago expansion started. Wait.140亿年前终于爆了炸等着看吧！The Earth began to cool,地球开始降温The autotrophs began to drool,自养生物来起哄Neanderthals developed tools,尼安德特人发明工具We built the wall （we built the pyramids）,我们建长城（我们建金字塔）Math, science, history, unraveling the mysteries,数学自然科学历史揭开神秘That all started with the big bang!一切由大爆炸开始Since the dawn of man is really not that long,其实人类历史没有多久As every galaxy was formed in less time than it takes to sing this song.星系形成时间比唱完这支歌还要短A fraction of a second and the elements were made.元素在微秒间便形成了The bipeds stood up straight,两足动物直立行走The dinosaurs all met their fate,恐龙都得认命了They tried to leap but they were late想要突变没来得及And they all died （they froze their asses off）就死光光了（pp都冻成了化石）The oceans and pangaea大洋和泛古陆See ya, wouldn't wanna be ya拜拜才不想学你Set in motion by the same big bang!都是爆炸惹的祸It all started with the big BANG!一切都从大爆炸开始It's expanding ever outward but one day宇宙向外膨胀但有一天It will cause the stars to go the other way,星球会反方向运动Collapsing ever inward, we won't be here, it wont be hurt 向内坍塌我们将不会在那里所以不会觉得疼痛Our best and brightest figure that it'll make an even bigger bang!我们最美好光辉的形象将引发一场更大的爆炸Australopithecus would really have been sick of us南方古猿肯定不爽我们Debating out while here they're catching deer （we're catching viruses）在他们捉鹿时唧唧歪歪（我们现在捉电脑病毒了）Religion or astronomy, Encarta, Deuteronomy 宗教或是天文，e百科旧约申命记It all started with the big bang!一切都从大爆炸开始Music and mythology, Einstein and astrology音乐和神话，爱因斯坦和占星术It all started with the big BANG!一切都从大爆炸开始It all started with the big BANG!一切都从大爆炸开始sheldon语录经典语录1、我不需要那些不如我的人对我的肯定。

高三宇宙奥秘英语阅读理解30题

高三宇宙奥秘英语阅读理解30题1<背景文章>Black holes are one of the most fascinating and mysterious phenomena in the universe. A black hole is formed when a massive star collapses at the end of its life. The gravitational pull of a black hole is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it.The formation of a black hole begins with the collapse of a massive star. As the star runs out of fuel, it can no longer support its own weight and begins to collapse. The collapse continues until the star reaches a critical density, at which point it becomes a black hole.Black holes have several unique characteristics. One of the most notable is their event horizon, which is the boundary beyond which nothing can escape. Another characteristic is their intense gravitational field, which can distort the space and time around them.Black holes can have a significant impact on the surrounding celestial bodies. They can attract and swallow nearby stars and planets, and their gravitational pull can also affect the orbits of other celestial bodies.Scientists are still working to understand black holes better. They use a variety of tools and techniques, such as telescopes and computer simulations, to study these mysterious objects. Despite significant progressin recent years, there is still much that we don't know about black holes.1. What is a black hole formed by?A. A small star collapsing.B. A massive star collapsing.C. A planet collapsing.D. A moon collapsing.答案：B。

时间简史经典语录与好句摘抄

时间简史经典语录与好句摘抄（最新版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如诗歌散文、原文赏析、读书笔记、经典名著、古典文学、网络文学、经典语录、童话故事、心得体会、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor.I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as poetry and prose, original text appreciation, reading notes, classic works, classical literature, online literature, classic quotations, fairy tales, experience, other sample essays, etc. if you want to know the difference Please pay attention to the format and writing of the sample essay!时间简史经典语录与好句摘抄【导语】：时间简史是霍金写的一部书籍，其中有很多的经典语录，本店铺来给大家分享一下。

有关宇宙的文案英文短句

有关宇宙的文案英文短句Title: Exploring the Vast Mysteries of the UniverseIntroduction:The universe, a realm of infinite wonders and mysteries, has captivated humanity's imagination since time immemorial. Spanning countless light-years, this cosmic expanse stirs curiosity and fascination in both scientists and dreamers alike. In this article, we embark on a journey to delve into the captivating realm of the universe, a spectacle that continues to astonish us with its endless possibilities.1. Overview:1.1 The Vastness of the CosmosThe universe is a breathtaking canvas of celestial bodies,from shimmering galaxies and sparkling stars to enigmaticblack holes and dazzling nebulae. With its sheer vastness, it encompasses everything we know and yet holds countlesssecrets waiting to be unveiled.1.2 The Birth of Stars and PlanetsDeep within the cosmic abyss, stars are born. As clouds ofgas and dust collapse under gravity, they ignite to form blazing beacons scattered throughout the universe. These celestial bodies pave the way for planetary systems to emerge, potentially harboring life in the vastness of space.1.3 The Expanding UniverseThe universe is ceaselessly expanding. The famous Big Bang theory suggests that the universe originated from a singular point, rapidly expanding and giving rise to what we know today. Evidence of this expansion lies within the redshift oflight from distant galaxies, painting a vivid picture of the ever-expanding cosmos.1.4 Dark Matter and Dark EnergyDespite the tremendous advancements in astrophysics, a large portion of the universe's composition remains unknown. Dark matter and dark energy, elusive entities that cannot bedirectly observed, are believed to account for the majorityof the universe's mass and energy. Their nature continues to perplex scientists and drive research forward.2. The Quest for Extraterrestrial Life2.1 The Possibility of Habitable ExoplanetsExoplanets, planets orbiting stars outside our solar system, offer tantalizing prospects for the existence ofextraterrestrial life. Through space telescopes and other observational tools, scientists have identified numerous exoplanets within habitable zones, where liquid water – akey ingredient for life – may potentially exist.2.2 The Search for Intelligent LifeThe age-old question of whether intelligent life existsbeyond Earth remains unanswered. Initiatives such as the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) actively scan the skies, sifting through the cosmic noise in hopes of detecting signals or signs of intelligent alien civilizations. While no conclusive evidence has emerged, the searchcontinues unabated.3. Cosmic Mysteries and Unanswered Questions3.1 Black Holes and Event HorizonsBlack holes, gravitational powerhouses with such immense density that nothing, not even light, can escape their grasp, captivate both scientists and the public. Exploring their nature, behavior, and the existence of event horizons is anongoing pursuit, shedding light on the boundaries of our understanding.3.2 The Fate of the UniverseWhat lies ahead in the future of our universe? Scientists ponder over the possibilities, considering scenarios such as the Big Crunch, where the universe collapses upon itself, or the eventual heat death, where all energy is evenly distributed and extinguished. The ultimate fate of our universe is yet unknown.Conclusion:The universe, a captivating enigma, continues to beckon us to explore its vast mysteries. From the birth of stars and potential for extraterrestrial life to the enigmas of dark matter and the fate of the cosmos, the universe remains an intriguing realm awaiting further discovery. As we strive to unravel its secrets, we gain not only scientific knowledge but also a deeper appreciation for the magnificence and grandeur of the cosmos that surrounds us.。

神秘博士名言

神秘博士名言1. "All of time and space, everything that ever happened or ever will —where do you want to start?"2. "We're all stories in the end. Just make it a good one, eh?"3. "The universe is big, it's vast and complicated, and ridiculous and sometimes, very rarely, impossible things just happen and we call them miracles."4. "The way I see it, every life is a pile of good things and bad things. The good things don't always soften the bad things, but vice versa, the bad things don't always spoil the good things and make them unimportant."5. "You want weapons? We're in a library! Books! The best weapons in the world!"6. "You want to know what's coming? Cataclysm. The mother of all storms. And you're standing right in its path."7. "Some people live more in 20 years than others do in 80. It's not the time that matters, it's the person."8. "The universe is full of empty space, empty space, my empty space, you just took it away."9. "There's a lot of things you need to get across this universe. Warp drive…wormhole refractors…You know the thing you need most of all? You need a hand to hold."10. "The universe is rarely so lazy. Sometimes it just needs a little push.And you’ve just given it one hell of a great big monster shove."。

爱因斯坦的未竟交响曲

00:00:13,544 --> 00:00:16,006I never think of the future.200:00:19,615 --> 00:00:22,013I find that it comes soon enough.300:00:32,443 --> 00:00:36,816In Spring 1951 the mostfamous scientist in the world400:00:37,216 --> 00:00:41,136celebrated his 72nd birthday.500:00:41,404 --> 00:00:44,850A horde of photographers were waiting to take his picture. 600:00:45,343 --> 00:00:48,095Hey Professor, hey Professor.700:00:50,298 --> 00:00:56,431And when he appeared that day he created one of themost endearing images of the twentieth century.800:01:03,153 --> 00:01:07,106Playful, irreverent, enigmatic and brilliant:900:01:08,816 --> 00:01:13,772Albert Einstein was the physicist withthe fame of an 'A' list movie star.1000:01:16,126 --> 00:01:21,182When I was young all I wanted and expected from life1100:01:21,724 --> 00:01:27,599was to sit in some corner doing my workwithout the public paying attention to me.1200:01:28,658 --> 00:01:32,641And now see what has become of me.1300:01:36,857 --> 00:01:43,564But behind that public image the greatest scientiston earth was facing professional ridicule.00:01:51,184 --> 00:01:56,808This is the extraordinary story of howAlbert Einstein spent the last years of his life1500:01:57,577 --> 00:02:01,896battling to destroy the consequences of his own work.1600:02:02,795 --> 00:02:07,735It was a quest that would end in his failure and isolation.1700:03:15,581 --> 00:03:18,419Professor Einstein?1800:03:21,588 --> 00:03:23,556Professor Einstein?1900:03:29,686 --> 00:03:32,080Hello Professor Einstein.2000:03:40,629 --> 00:03:44,427Miss... My notes?2100:03:45,671 --> 00:03:51,006Professor, I... OK, but just for a while.2200:03:55,394 --> 00:03:56,723Thank you.2300:04:03,793 --> 00:04:10,286Albert Einstein, the greatest scientist of ourage, was nearly at the end of his life.2400:04:17,394 --> 00:04:19,724Great theories were behind him,2500:04:20,926 --> 00:04:25,536but as he lay on his deathbed he continuedworking on what he hoped would be2600:04:26,096 --> 00:04:28,187his greatest theory of all.2700:04:29,144 --> 00:04:31,935It would have been the holy grail of science.2800:04:32,381 --> 00:04:33,920It would have been the philosopher's stone,2900:04:34,280 --> 00:04:37,718it would have been the crowningachievement of all scientific endeavours3000:04:38,104 --> 00:04:40,755ever since humans walked the face of the earth.3100:04:46,089 --> 00:04:50,283He had been working on this last greattheory for more than thirty years,3200:04:50,986 --> 00:04:56,373but throughout this period many scientiststhought that he was wasting his time.3300:04:56,750 --> 00:04:59,346In his later years the rest of the physics community3400:04:59,944 --> 00:05:05,850looked upon Einstein as somebody who hadcompletely lost touch with modern research3500:05:06,582 --> 00:05:09,273and almost you know like an old fuddy-duddy like a relic.3600:05:27,189 --> 00:05:31,176The tragedy was that to many,Einstein's last great theory3700:05:31,879 --> 00:05:38,488was doomed before it even began, and it wasall because of his personal prejudices.3800:05:42,219 --> 00:05:46,902He could not accept that the consequencesof his own work clashed with his belief3900:05:47,801 --> 00:05:51,167of how God had built our universe.00:05:56,638 --> 00:06:00,180Einstein's odyssey began here in Berne in 1905,4100:06:00,836 --> 00:06:04,688when he was on the verge of his greatest scientific triumphs.4200:06:05,835 --> 00:06:08,328Because it was in this small Swiss City4300:06:08,776 --> 00:06:12,239that he began to make the most extraordinary discoveries.4400:06:16,469 --> 00:06:19,574Well every day he would leave this,this flat in order to go to his work,4500:06:20,306 --> 00:06:23,017he would go underneath the famous clock tower in Berne,4600:06:23,824 --> 00:06:27,250and it's interesting to wonder whetheror not this extraordinary clock-tower4700:06:28,193 --> 00:06:30,596with its depictions of the moon and the sun on it,4800:06:31,002 --> 00:06:33,267whether or not this actually inspired him in some way,4900:06:33,810 --> 00:06:39,948or subliminally perhaps to explore andrevolutionise concepts of space and time.5000:06:51,939 --> 00:06:56,042And what was truely extraordinary aboutthis amazing period in Einstein's life5100:06:56,521 --> 00:06:59,333was that he had dropped outof academic life completely.5200:07:00,177 --> 00:07:02,463No university would give him a job.00:07:03,151 --> 00:07:07,301Instead during this time he was workingas a patents clerk, third class,5400:07:08,039 --> 00:07:11,857evaluating the latest inventions in this office.5500:07:14,707 --> 00:07:17,950So it's amazing when you think thatEinstein was working at the patent office5600:07:18,558 --> 00:07:23,678on applications as diverse as a mechanical vegetable peeler, or, or dynamos.5700:07:24,411 --> 00:07:30,058And yet in his spare time he's working on theories which will change the way we look at the universe.5800:07:34,665 --> 00:07:37,315Conferring with only a handful of friends,5900:07:39,705 --> 00:07:42,550he began writing scientific papers.6000:07:47,585 --> 00:07:51,749He searched for answers to questionsthat most would never even have asked;6100:07:52,457 --> 00:07:54,933he called them his thought experiments.6200:07:55,503 --> 00:07:57,308One of Einstein's thought experiments was6300:07:57,840 --> 00:08:01,820'What would I see if I movedalong beside a beam of light?'6400:08:03,495 --> 00:08:07,366Einstein once said that he's not interestedin this phenomenon or that phenomenon,65he wants to know, If I were Godhow would I create a universe?6600:08:17,188 --> 00:08:20,176In a few short months beginning in the Spring of 1905 6700:08:20,897 --> 00:08:27,251he started penning the most extraordinary scientific ideas, about the nature of the universe.6800:08:29,259 --> 00:08:34,042And it would culminate in one of the mostfamous papers in scientific history.6900:08:37,097 --> 00:08:41,748And this is it, it's called'On the electrodynamics of moving bodies'.7000:08:45,470 --> 00:08:49,757It quoted no references andread like a stream of consciousness.7100:08:50,571 --> 00:08:53,457It was the start of his special theory of relativity 7200:08:54,250 --> 00:08:59,860and it would overturn nothing less thaneveryone's understanding of time.7300:09:12,648 --> 00:09:14,569Am I keeping good time?7400:09:17,644 --> 00:09:19,495Good time professor.7500:09:28,283 --> 00:09:32,217Before Einstein, it was thought thatthe passage of time was unchanging.7600:09:37,674 --> 00:09:41,149It ran at the same pace, no matterwhere you were in the universe.77Or how fast you were travelling.7800:09:52,241 --> 00:09:54,683Time and space were incredibly simple concepts.7900:09:55,362 --> 00:09:57,463The, the concepts you'd recognisefrom everyday experience.8000:09:58,505 --> 00:10:03,205Space was just the arena in which things happened, and time just ticked along.8100:10:04,050 --> 00:10:06,729So wherever you were in the universe,whatever speed you were moving,8200:10:07,428 --> 00:10:09,742your watch ticked along at the same rate.8300:10:12,304 --> 00:10:15,891But Einstein discovered time was not unchanging,8400:10:16,925 --> 00:10:21,395the rate at which time passed depended onthe speed at which you were travelling.8500:10:21,622 --> 00:10:24,653Einstein thought that time was more like a river, 8600:10:25,241 --> 00:10:29,702that speeds up, slows down, meandersits way across the cosmos.8700:10:30,333 --> 00:10:35,357In other words twelve o'clock on earth is not necessarily twelve o'clock throughout the universe.8800:10:43,778 --> 00:10:49,044So while everyone else thought that the passage of time was the one unvarying thing in our universe, 8900:10:51,231 --> 00:10:53,165Einstein argued otherwise.9000:10:57,889 --> 00:11:01,221He believed it was the speedof light that was always constant.9100:11:04,703 --> 00:11:08,303But if that was the case it meant something bizarre.9200:11:13,592 --> 00:11:17,972The only way in the laws of physics for thespeed of light always to appear to be the same9300:11:18,807 --> 00:11:24,064is if everything else changed relativeto speed, including time.9400:11:27,112 --> 00:11:33,179In other words the passage of time, the onething everyone thought was constant, was relative. 9500:11:34,084 --> 00:11:39,380It meant for instance that the faster youtravelled, the slower time would run.9600:11:48,005 --> 00:11:51,989This was Einstein's special theory of relativity.9700:11:55,780 --> 00:11:57,677But he didn't stop there.9800:11:59,933 --> 00:12:04,606Two months later he published a threepage supplement to his theory.9900:12:05,599 --> 00:12:08,553In those pages Einstein linked energy and matter10000:12:09,532 --> 00:12:14,927and in doing so derived the most famous mathematical equation of all time.10100:12:15,621 --> 00:12:21,598What Einstein showed with E = MC squared is thatthere's a symmetry between energy and matter.10200:12:22,076 --> 00:12:26,103And think about it matter is something we can touch,our bodies are made out of matter,10300:12:26,658 --> 00:12:32,331we can taste it, we can smell it but energy, energyis much more nebulous, much more defused10400:12:32,830 --> 00:12:38,924and the genius of Einstein was that he was able toshow that they really are two aspects of the same thing. 10500:12:55,296 --> 00:12:59,542This tiny equation would one day explainhow at the very beginning of time,10600:13:00,362 --> 00:13:04,832just after the big bang energy was turned into matter. 10700:13:05,612 --> 00:13:09,659It explained how the sun could create vast power10800:13:10,409 --> 00:13:12,273from a tiny amount of fuel.10900:13:18,262 --> 00:13:20,824And it opened scientists' eyes11000:13:21,354 --> 00:13:25,641to the lethal power locked up inside every atom.11100:13:34,750 --> 00:13:41,619From this tiny formula would comeboth creation and destruction.11200:13:43,384 --> 00:13:45,385When these papers were published in 190511300:13:46,380 --> 00:13:49,536they must've come like a bolt out ofthe blue for the scientific community11400:13:50,077 --> 00:13:52,639because Einstein was a complete unknown at this point. 11500:13:53,033 --> 00:13:56,379And yet immediately they realisedthat they were revolutionary.11600:13:56,998 --> 00:13:59,536And effectively at this point Einstein had arrived. 11700:14:05,125 --> 00:14:08,665For anyone else these achievementswould have been enough,11800:14:09,710 --> 00:14:12,731but Einstein had even bigger ambitions.11900:14:17,459 --> 00:14:19,754Every break he's practicing with that thing.12000:14:24,350 --> 00:14:26,416A hundred times against a wall.12100:14:28,001 --> 00:14:30,223If he drops one, he starts all over.12200:14:30,596 --> 00:14:32,866I admire his persistence.12300:14:33,581 --> 00:14:36,312You don't sometimes feel like giving up?12400:14:36,790 --> 00:14:38,917Only when I have the answer.12500:14:39,149 --> 00:14:40,593And does everything have an answer?12600:14:41,523 --> 00:14:42,703I don't know.12700:14:43,174 --> 00:14:47,727But I think that there maybe an answer to everything.12800:14:53,194 --> 00:14:56,520While the world was coming toterms with special relativity,12900:14:57,362 --> 00:15:00,345Einstein had already moved on by himself,13000:15:00,939 --> 00:15:05,662to tackle the work of the great seventeenthcentury scientist Isaac Newton.13100:15:06,410 --> 00:15:09,005In particular his laws of gravity.13200:15:16,331 --> 00:15:21,132Legend has it that Newton was inspired towards hislaw of gravity by seeing an apple fall in an orchard.13300:15:21,675 --> 00:15:24,170Now Einstein was inspired By a similar thought.13400:15:27,457 --> 00:15:31,408He thought what happens if I drop an apple,but when I drop it I'm in a falling lift13500:15:31,865 --> 00:15:37,421then surely the apple will float in front of my face, it will look as though gravity has been cancelled out.13600:15:44,956 --> 00:15:47,611Gravity is the force that dominates our universe,13700:15:48,486 --> 00:15:51,446it holds huge planets and moons in their orbits.13800:15:54,681 --> 00:15:57,765And it keeps our feet firmly planted on the ground.13900:16:00,772 --> 00:16:04,883But though Newton's laws described theeffects of gravity with great accuracy,14000:16:09,551 --> 00:16:13,233no one could actually work out what caused it.14100:16:21,642 --> 00:16:25,919Einstein's great insight was that allmassive bodies like planets and stars14200:16:26,465 --> 00:16:28,156bent space and time,14300:16:28,768 --> 00:16:34,610and it is this curvature of space and time thatcauses what we experience as gravity.14400:16:35,698 --> 00:16:39,830It has become known as his general theory of relativity. 14500:16:41,334 --> 00:16:45,346Einstein's real breakthrough with generalrelativity was to give a reason for gravity.14600:16:45,910 --> 00:16:52,059Einstein's picture of gravity was that massive objects like stars and galaxies curved space and time,14700:16:52,781 --> 00:16:56,741and then other objects moving throughthat curvature feel gravity.14800:16:57,193 --> 00:17:00,410Gravity in a sense is the curvature of space and time. 14900:17:10,372 --> 00:17:14,237General relativity was Einstein's greatest triumph,15000:17:14,604 --> 00:17:21,744it brought him fame that no scientistexperienced before or has seen since.15100:17:23,783 --> 00:17:26,904In my view general relativityreally was Einstein's master piece.15200:17:27,230 --> 00:17:30,006Well the word genius is bandedaround in physics a lot but15300:17:30,306 --> 00:17:34,793in Einstein's case, it really appliesto general relativity I think.15400:17:35,280 --> 00:17:37,423That's where his reputation comes from.15500:17:48,165 --> 00:17:52,026Though Einstein's theories of timeand gravity may seem strange,15600:17:53,220 --> 00:17:59,238his work remains fundamental to the understanding of our universe today.15700:18:05,914 --> 00:18:08,243Planes, relying on the global positioning system, 15800:18:08,874 --> 00:18:14,002take Einstein's calculations of timeinto account to navigate accurately.15900:18:16,078 --> 00:18:20,665Deep space satellites have to compensatefor Einstein's reading of gravity.16000:18:28,219 --> 00:18:34,458The work springing from this period in Einstein's life has helped us build the modern world.16100:18:42,643 --> 00:18:48,113But despite this, another piece ofwork, also completed back in 1905,16200:18:48,927 --> 00:18:53,600had already sown the seeds of whatwould become his doomed obsession,16300:18:54,814 --> 00:18:58,723an obsession that would last untilthe very final day of his life164and would result in both his failure and isolation. 16500:19:16,913 --> 00:19:20,467The roots of Einstein's troubles camefrom one of his other great passions.16600:19:21,484 --> 00:19:24,580He saw a connection between thefundamental physics of our universe16700:19:25,243 --> 00:19:30,024and a sense of elegance, beauty even spirituality. 16800:19:30,750 --> 00:19:35,044For him these laws of the universewere an expression of the divine.16900:19:37,649 --> 00:19:39,863It is a belief shared by many scientists,17000:19:40,449 --> 00:19:46,091including distinguished particle physicist and Anglican Priest Professor John Polkinghorne.17100:19:46,423 --> 00:19:50,154Einstein was an amateur violinist, went,once went to a concert in Berlin17200:19:50,801 --> 00:19:53,698and heard the young Yehudi Menhuin play,and he was bowled over by his performance.17300:19:54,300 --> 00:19:57,232And there's a story that he went up andbear hugged the young boy afterwards17400:19:57,800 --> 00:20:00,210and said hearing you I knowthere is a god in heaven.17500:20:05,352 --> 00:20:07,751I think that when we encounter very deep beauty176whether it's beauty in music or something like that 17700:20:10,820 --> 00:20:14,577or whether it's beauty in the scientific accountof the order and fruitfulness of the world17800:20:15,299 --> 00:20:18,929then it's difficult for us not to think thatthere is some mind and purpose behind it.17900:20:25,937 --> 00:20:30,099Einstein was very deeply impressed by thefact that as we study the physical world,18000:20:30,839 --> 00:20:34,187get beneath its surface and find outwhat it's like underneath so to speak,18100:20:34,824 --> 00:20:37,130we find a wonderful and remarkable order,18200:20:37,902 --> 00:20:42,497a beautiful pattern that is expressed actuallyalso in beautiful mathematics as it turns out,18300:20:42,819 --> 00:20:45,569that's the natural language to use.18400:20:50,838 --> 00:20:53,070Einstein believed that the rules of the universe 18500:20:53,694 --> 00:20:57,079could always be explained throughelegant mathematics.18600:21:00,389 --> 00:21:06,334In effect he thought that science could lead to an understanding of God's design for the universe.18700:21:12,905 --> 00:21:16,622You believe? In God?18800:21:17,015 --> 00:21:20,746Yes. Yes I do.18900:21:24,988 --> 00:21:28,904Do you? Believe?19000:21:29,530 --> 00:21:33,844Do I believe there is someone whoplans the daily life of Albert Einstein?19100:21:34,812 --> 00:21:40,643No. Although sometimes I think he may havebeen leading me up the garden path.19200:21:42,760 --> 00:21:44,237But didn't he make the garden?19300:21:44,897 --> 00:21:47,900I think he is the garden.19400:21:48,970 --> 00:21:50,117And isn't he the gardener too?19500:21:50,479 --> 00:21:56,274Yes, and all my life I have beentrying to catch him at his work.19600:22:10,806 --> 00:22:17,249Einstein believed that the rules used to create the universe would not only be beautiful and precise, 19700:22:17,892 --> 00:22:23,081he also thought they would always allowscientists to make exact predictions.19800:22:26,077 --> 00:22:30,859So if you knew the position and speed ofthe planets at a particular moment in time,19900:22:31,552 --> 00:22:36,636you could use the laws of physics to predicttheir exact movements for eternity.20000:22:40,344 --> 00:22:45,328And Einstein believed that what wastrue for planets was true for all objects.20100:22:45,934 --> 00:22:50,462Everything could be predicted withcertainty, no matter what it was.20200:22:52,808 --> 00:22:57,942But his vision of the universe was about to be challenged by something growing from his own work...20300:22:58,504 --> 00:23:02,190something very, very, very small.20400:23:14,379 --> 00:23:20,846In 1921, while he was based here in Berlin,Einstein was nominated for the Nobel Prize,20500:23:21,613 --> 00:23:25,438not for his theories of relativity,but for another piece of work20600:23:25,809 --> 00:23:29,433also completed in his 1905 miracle year.20700:23:38,629 --> 00:23:40,795It was about the nature of light.20800:23:45,874 --> 00:23:50,279It had been believed that light wasmade up of smooth, continuous waves.20900:23:54,478 --> 00:23:57,293But Einstein saw things very differently,21000:23:57,885 --> 00:24:01,939he said light could also be thoughtof as tiny, individual particles.21100:24:02,437 --> 00:24:07,106Einstein upset the apple cart byintroducing an entirely new radical concept21200:24:07,637 --> 00:24:09,621called a quantum particle of light.00:24:10,289 --> 00:24:12,059Light is not just smooth and continuous21400:24:12,517 --> 00:24:17,009it occurs in small little packets orbullets that today we call the photon.21500:24:26,728 --> 00:24:31,662His discovery that light was not only awave but also tiny, individual particles21600:24:32,374 --> 00:24:35,301revolutionised the whole of physics.21700:24:37,140 --> 00:24:40,307And it would give birth to Einstein's demon.21800:24:54,709 --> 00:25:01,147This breakthrough would become a cornerstone ofa new field of science known as quantum mechanics. 21900:25:05,780 --> 00:25:10,755Quantum mechanics describes the behaviourof the fundamental particles of our universe.22000:25:12,228 --> 00:25:15,340The sub-atomic particles that make up every atom. 22100:25:20,018 --> 00:25:24,408As it developed, people started noticinghow, at this fundamental scale,22200:25:25,245 --> 00:25:30,365everything behaved in a very differentway to Einstein's elegant universe.22300:25:30,667 --> 00:25:34,065People had been working for about twenty-five years trying to understand the puzzles of quantum theory, 22400:25:34,683 --> 00:25:38,397when out of the blue a young GraduateStudent from Germany, Heisenberg,00:25:39,181 --> 00:25:42,027came along and produced essentially a complete theory,22600:25:42,670 --> 00:25:46,167but based on ideas which are so radically differentfrom what people had been thinking about22700:25:46,796 --> 00:25:48,359that it was entirely shocking.22800:25:50,479 --> 00:25:53,712Werner Heisenberg proposeda whole new law of physics.22900:25:54,470 --> 00:25:58,987He said that it was impossible to measureboth the speed and the position of a particle23000:25:59,769 --> 00:26:05,990because strangely, the mere act of observingthese tiny objects radically affected their behaviour.23100:26:08,381 --> 00:26:11,369But if that was true, it had profound implications.23200:26:13,089 --> 00:26:16,060If you couldn't be precise about a particle's speed and position, 23300:26:16,681 --> 00:26:20,381then it would be impossible to makeaccurate predictions about its movements.23400:26:21,242 --> 00:26:24,026And Einstein believed that everything should be predictable.23500:26:25,320 --> 00:26:28,456The forecast said it would be cool. So much for prediction.23600:26:29,094 --> 00:26:31,105Maybe God changed his mind.23700:26:33,612 --> 00:26:36,871Maybe you're right, maybe hehates to be second-guessed.23800:26:37,746 --> 00:26:41,343I sometimes feel he dislikes being observed.23900:26:42,370 --> 00:26:47,463Colleagues of mine would have it that weinfluence God's world merely by observing it.24000:26:48,044 --> 00:26:48,948How can that be?24100:26:49,385 --> 00:26:55,603How can it be? How can you observe something andat the same time change its nature just by observing it? 24200:26:57,019 --> 00:27:01,452Sometimes I don't think we needGod to make us look foolish,24300:27:02,145 --> 00:27:05,359we do that very well for ourselves.24400:27:05,689 --> 00:27:07,834Maybe just God doesn'twant us to know everything.24500:27:08,395 --> 00:27:14,675Raffiniert ist der Herrgott, aber boshaft ist er nicht. 24600:27:14,957 --> 00:27:16,125I'm sorry?24700:27:16,365 --> 00:27:19,319God is subtle, but he is not malicious.24800:27:20,526 --> 00:27:24,088I don't believe he would putanything beyond our reach.24900:27:25,336 --> 00:27:28,930I do not think God is hiding anything from us.25000:27:30,644 --> 00:27:36,435He is just asking us to search a little harder.25100:27:42,858 --> 00:27:44,247If Heisenberg was right25200:27:44,885 --> 00:27:50,090and it was impossible to measure precisely thespeed and position of a particle at the same time,25300:27:50,999 --> 00:27:54,173it meant that some things would always be uncertain. 25400:27:57,349 --> 00:28:03,084For the quantum theorists the best you couldhope for was a science based on probabilities.25500:28:05,626 --> 00:28:10,172For Einstein, though he could see greatvalue in some aspects of quantum theory,25600:28:11,205 --> 00:28:14,501this just wasn't how God would have built his universe. 25700:28:15,258 --> 00:28:18,160I think Einstein's major objection to quantum mechanics 25800:28:19,230 --> 00:28:21,795is something that didn't fit into his world.25900:28:22,999 --> 00:28:29,641He could not accept the fact that if you do an experiment twice in exactly the same way,26000:28:30,041 --> 00:28:34,036that in one, one time you may get result 'A'26100:28:34,964 --> 00:28:36,399and the other time you may get result 'B'.26200:28:37,447 --> 00:28:42,491He really hated the idea that you weresurrendering to the world of probabilities.26300:28:51,257 --> 00:28:52,827。

宇宙英语小作文带翻译

宇宙英语小作文带翻译Title: The Wonders of the Universe。

The universe is a vast expanse of space filled with countless celestial bodies, each holding its own mysteries and wonders. From the twinkling stars to the massive galaxies, the universe never fails to captivate our imagination and curiosity.First and foremost, let us delve into the beauty of the stars. Stars are like beacons of light scattered across the dark canvas of space. They come in various sizes, colors, and temperatures, each telling its own unique story. Some stars burn brightly, emitting dazzling light that illuminates the surrounding cosmos, while others shine faintly, barely visible to the naked eye. However, regardless of their luminosity, stars play a crucial rolein shaping the universe as we know it. They are responsible for creating elements essential for life, such as carbon, oxygen, and iron, through processes like nuclear fusion.Moreover, galaxies stand as the building blocks of the universe. These vast systems, composed of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter, come in different shapes and sizes. Spiral galaxies, like our own Milky Way, showcase graceful arms swirling around a central bulge, while elliptical galaxies appear as smooth, featureless orbs. Furthermore, irregular galaxies defy conventional classification with their chaotic shapes and structures. Within these galaxies lie billions upon billions of stars, along with planets, nebulae, and other celestial objects, forming a mesmerizing tapestry of cosmic wonders.As we gaze deeper into the universe, we encounter phenomena that challenge our understanding of the laws of physics. Black holes, for instance, are regions of spacetime where gravity is so intense that nothing, not even light, can escape their grasp. These enigmatic objects are born from the remnants of massive stars that have reached the end of their life cycle. They serve as cosmic vacuum cleaners, devouring anything that strays too close to their event horizons. Despite their ominous reputation,black holes also play a vital role in shaping galaxies and influencing the distribution of matter in the universe.Furthermore, the universe is filled with cosmic spectacles that leave us in awe of its grandeur. Supernovae, the explosive deaths of massive stars, release unfathomable amounts of energy, briefly outshining entire galaxies. Nebulae, vast clouds of gas and dust, serve as stellar nurseries, where new stars are born amidst swirling cosmic debris. Additionally, pulsars, rapidly spinning neutron stars, emit beams of radiation that sweep across the cosmos like cosmic lighthouses.In conclusion, the universe is a realm of boundless wonder and discovery. From the twinkling stars to the majestic galaxies, from the enigmatic black holes to the dazzling supernovae, the universe never ceases to amaze us with its beauty and complexity. As we continue to explore and unravel its mysteries, we gain a deeper appreciationfor the intricate tapestry of existence that surrounds us.(翻译: 宇宙的奇迹。

关于宇宙知识的英文

关于宇宙知识的英文The Expanse of Cosmic Knowledge.The universe, an unfathomable realm of celestial wonders, has long captivated the minds of humanity. From ancient stargazers to modern-day astrophysicists, our quest to unravel the secrets of the cosmos has been an enduring pursuit. Through meticulous observations, groundbreaking technologies, and the collective ingenuity of countless intellects, our understanding of the universe has evolved dramatically over time.The Origin of the Universe: A Cosmic Genesis.The birth of our universe is shrouded in mystery, yet scientific theories provide tantalizing glimpses into this profound event. The Big Bang theory, widely accepted by the scientific community, posits that approximately 13.8billion years ago, the universe emerged from an infinitesimally dense and hot singularity. In a cataclysmicexpansion, the cosmos rapidly inflated, giving rise to the fundamental particles that form the building blocks of matter.The Cosmic Tapestry: A Symphony of Stars and Galaxies.The universe is a vast tapestry adorned with celestial wonders. Stars, the luminous celestial bodies that dot the night sky, are powered by nuclear fusion reactions in their cores. They come in a myriad of sizes, from the diminutive red dwarfs to the colossal blue supergiants. Stars cluster together in gravitationally bound systems called galaxies, each containing billions or even trillions of stars. Our own solar system resides within the Milky Way galaxy, a vast celestial disk spanning thousands of light-years.The Realm of Planets and Solar Systems.Within the vast expanses of galaxies, planets orbit their parent stars. These celestial bodies come in avariety of sizes, compositions, and environments. Terrestrial planets, like Earth, are rocky and have solidsurfaces. Gas giants, such as Jupiter and Saturn, are composed primarily of hydrogen and helium. Ice giants, like Uranus and Neptune, contain a mixture of gases and ices.Our solar system consists of eight planets, numerous moons, asteroids, and other celestial bodies, all orbiting the Sun, a G-type main-sequence star.The Enigma of Black Holes: Cosmic Vacuum Cleaners.Black holes are fascinating cosmic phenomena that defy conventional understanding. These regions of spacetime have such intense gravitational fields that nothing, not even light, can escape their clutches. Black holes form when massive stars collapse under their own gravity, creating a singularity at their center. The boundary around a black hole, known as the event horizon, marks the point of no return.The Cosmic Calendar: A Journey Through Time.The cosmic calendar, a metaphor devised by Carl Sagan, provides a perspective on the vastness of cosmic history.If the entire history of the universe were compressed intoa single year, the Big Bang would occur on January 1st at midnight. The formation of Earth would take place around September 1st, while the emergence of life on our planet would occur just a few minutes before midnight on December 31st. Humankind's existence would span a mere fraction of a second at the very end of the year.The Future of Cosmic Exploration and Discovery.The exploration of the cosmos continues to push the boundaries of human knowledge and technological advancement. Space telescopes, such as the Hubble Space Telescope andthe upcoming James Webb Space Telescope, providetantalizing glimpses into the farthest reaches of the universe. Rovers and landers, like the Perseverance roveron Mars, conduct in-depth investigations of celestial bodies. Through these endeavors, we seek to unravel the mysteries of black holes, probe the depths of distant galaxies, and potentially discover life beyond Earth.The Cosmic Perspective: A Sense of Wonder and Humility.The study of the universe inspires a profound sense of awe and wonder. It reminds us of our place in the vastness of cosmic history and challenges our preconceived notions of reality. By contemplating the origins and fate of the universe, we gain a deeper appreciation for the interconnectedness of all things and the fragility of our existence.In the pursuit of cosmic knowledge, we embark on an ongoing journey of discovery and exploration. Each new insight into the workings of the universe expands our understanding of the boundless tapestry of existence. As we continue to probe the depths of the cosmos, we not only unravel the mysteries of the universe but also gain a profound sense of wonder and humility in the face of its infinite grandeur.。

The Origin of the Universe

This creation myth, like many others, tries to answer the questions we all ask.
Why are we here? Where did we come from?
The answer generally given, was that humans were of comparitatively recent origin, because it must have been obvious, even at early times, that the human race was improving in knowledge and technology. So it can't have been around that long, or it would have progressed even more.
Not everyone however, was happy with the idea that the universe had a beginning.
Aristotle:
The universe existed forever
For example, Aristotle, the most famous of the Greek philosophers, believed the universe had existed forever. Something eternal, is more perfect than something created. He suggested the reason we see progress, was that floods, or other nvilization back to the beginning. The motivation for believing in an eternal universe, was the desire to avoid invoking divine intervention, to create the universe, and set it going. Conversely, those who believed the universe had a beginning, used it as an argument for the existence of God, as the first cause, or prime mover of the universe.

宇宙英文-文档资料

5
solar system
• There are eight planets in our solar system. They're Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
6
And the Earth is our home. We're living on the Earth, and it is the most beautiful in the solar system. It has lots of water and plants. And the moon is the Earth's partner. It goes around the Earth. And other planets are very far from the Earth. So the people can't reach them and none of them has an environment with air. The people also can't live in them.
7
There is much beautiful and magic view in the e.
8
9
A Comet
10
Black hole
11
Horsehead Nebula
12
• Rosette Nebula
13
The Universe
1
Scientists believe that about 13.7 billion years ago, a powerful explosion called the Big Bang happened. This powerful explosion set the universe into motion and this motion continues today. Scientists are not yet sure if the motion will stop, change direction, or keep going forever. 2

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arXiv:gr-qc/0701056v1 10 Jan 2007February7,20084:21WSPC-ProceedingsTrimSize:9.75inx6.5inmg11t12BIG-RIP,SUDDENFUTURE,ANDOTHEREXOTICSINGULARITIESINTHEUNIVERSE

MARIUSZP.DA¸BROWSKI∗andADAMBALCERZAKInstituteofPhysics,UniversityofSzczecin,Wielkopolska15,70-451Szczecin,Polandmpdabfz@sus.univ.szczecin.pl

Wediscussexoticsingularitiesintheevolutionoftheuniversemotivatedbytheprogressofobservationsincosmology.Amongthemthereare:Big-Rip(BR),SuddenFutureSin-gularities(SFS),GeneralizedSuddenFutureSingularities(GSFS),FiniteDensitySin-gularities(FD),typeIII,andtypeIVsingularities.Werelatesomeofthesesingularitieswithhigher-ordercharacteristicsofexpansionsuchasjerkandsnap.Wealsodiscussthebehaviourofpointlikeobjectsandclassicalstringsontheapproachtothesesingularities.

1.IntroductionThroughmanyyearsinthepastonlythetwobasiccosmologicaltypeofsingularitieswereknownamongtheisotropicmodelsoftheuniverse.ThesewereBig-BangandBig-Crunchappendedbyafutureasymptotic(andnon-singular)stateofade-Sittertype.TheappearanceofBig-BangandBig-Crunchwasinnowayrelatedtoanyoftheenergyconditionsviolation.Theprogressincosmologicalobservationsattheturnofthe21stcentury1didnotaddanythingnewtothepictureapartfromthefactthatthenitwasrealizedthatthesesingularitiescouldemergealsointhestrong-energy-condition-violationcasesof̺+3p<0.However,adeeperanalysisofthedatafromsupernovae,cosmicmicrowavebackground(WMAP)andlarge-scalestructure(SDSS)2showsthatthereexistsotherpossibilitiesoftheuniverseevolutionwhichadmitnewtypeofsingularitiesandtheproblemofthelinkbetweenenergyconditionsviolationandthesingularityappearancebecomesunclear.Wewilldiscussthesenewsingularitiesandtheproblemstorelatethemwiththepossiblegeneralizedenergyconditionsaswellassomenewobservationalcharacteristicsoftheexpansionoftheuniverse.

2.Phantom-drivenBig-Rip.Phantomduality.Themainmotivationtoexoticsingularitiescomesfromphantom.3Apparently,itemergedthattheobservationaldatadoesnotmakeany“borderline”atp=−̺incosmologyandthatthesmallerpressureisallowedtodominatecurrentevolution.Phantommayeasilybesimulatedbyascalarﬁeldφofnegativekineticenergywhichgivestheenergy-momentumtensorforaperfectﬂuidwiththeenergydensity̺=−(1/2)˙φ2+V(φ),andthepressurep=−(1/2)˙φ2−V(φ),sothatitsurelyviolatesthenullenergyconditionsince̺+p=−˙φ2<0.PhantomisallowedinBrans-DicketheoryintheEinsteinframe(forBrans-Dickeparameterω<−3/2),insuperstringFebruary7,20084:21WSPC-ProceedingsTrimSize:9.75inx6.5inmg11t122cosmology,inbranecosmology,inviscouscosmologyandmanyothers.Themoststrikingconsequenceofphantomisthatitsenergydensity̺growsproportionallytothescalefactora(t).Then,unlikeinamoreintuitivestandardmattercase,wherethegrowthoftheenergydensitycorrespondstothedecreaseofthescalefactor,here,thegrowthoftheenergydensityaccompaniestheexpansionoftheUniverse.ThisallowsanewtypeofsingularityintheuniversewhichiscalledaBig-Rip.Thissingularityappearsdespitealltheenergyconditionsareviolated.Itisatruesingularityinthesenseofgeodesicincompletnessapartfromsomerangeofthepossibleequationsofstateforisotropicgeodesicswhicharecomplete.4Averypeculiarfeatureofphantommodelsagainststandardmodelsisphantomduality.5Itisanewsymmetryoftheﬁeldequationswhichallowstomapalargescalefactorontoasmalloneandviceversaduetoachange

a(t)↔1February7,20084:21WSPC-ProceedingsTrimSize:9.75inx6.5inmg11t123throughthesevariousexoticsingularities.9Asitwasmentionedalready,thepoint-likeobjectsarereallydestroyedinaBig-Ripsingularityonly.However,atSFStheinﬁnitetidalforcesappear,andonemayworryaboutthefateofstringsapproachingthesesingularities.Itwasshown9thatthisissubtleinthesensethatstringsarenotinﬁnitelystretched(remainﬁniteinvariantsize)atanyofthesesingularitiesapartfromaBig-Rip.Inotherwords,extendedobjectslikestrings,despiteinﬁnitetidalforces,maycrossthroughSFS,GSFS,typeIII,andtypeIVsingularities.

4.Generalizedenergyconditionsandexoticsingularities.Fromtheaboveconsiderationsitisclearthattheapplicationofthestandarden-ergyconditionstoexoticsingularitiesisnotveryuseful.Then,oneshouldtrytoformulatesomediﬀerentenergyconditionswhichmaybehelpfulinclassifyingexoticsingularities.10Thismaybeputinthecontextofthehigher-ordercharacteristicsoftheexpansion(stateﬁnders)whichinvolvehigher-orderderivativesofthescalefactorsuchasjerk,snapetc.10,11Forexample,onecouldthinkofahybridenergyconditionlikeα̺>˙pwithα=const.,topreventanemergenceofSFS,orahigher-orderdominantenergyconditionintheform˙̺>|˙p|,whoseviolationcanbeagoodsignalofGSFS.

5.ConclusionUniverseaccelerationgavesomemotivationtostudynon-standardcosmologicalsingularitiessuchasBig-Rip,SuddenFutureSingularity,FiniteDensitysingularityandtypeIII,IVsingularities.However,mostofthesesingularities(apartfromBig-Rip)areweaksingularitieswhichdonotexhibitgeodesicincompletnessandallowtheevolutionofbothpointlikeobjectsandstringsthroughthem.