考虑石蜡沉积的凝析气藏数值模拟
注气过程相态变化特征
文章编号:1000-2634(2003)02-0019-03注气过程相态变化特征Ξ汪政德1,梅海燕1,张茂林1,李闽1,吕晓梅2(1.西南石油学院石油工程学院,四川南充637001;2.川南矿区,四川泸州646001)摘要:注气混相驱和非混相驱已成为国内外提高原油采收率的重大方法之一。
注气将改变原有油藏体系的组分、组成等热力学条件,使原油的一系列物理、化学性质发生改变。
注气过程中流体相态研究是最基础的油藏工程研究内容,其结果为注气过程油藏开发设计、动态分析等提供基础依据。
研究结果表明,对黑油油藏注天然气,油藏饱和压力将大幅度地提高,在温度—压力图上表现为泡点线变化大、而露点线变化小。
关键词:注气;天然气;相态;饱和压力;黑油油藏中图分类号:TE357.4 文献标识码:A引 言从本世纪五十年代开始进行了烃类和非烃类气体混相驱和非混相驱研究,目前在国外已成为除热采以外的第二种规模较大的提高采收率技术,在新疆、中原、江苏等油田已开展了试验,某些油田已见成效[1]。
众所周知,向原始油藏内部注入烃类和非烃类气体,将改变体系的组分、组成等热力学条件,使体系的物理化学性质发生一系列的变化,例如体系的相态特征、饱和压力、原油密度和粘度等热力学性质。
注气过程还会引起石蜡、胶质和沥青质等固相沉积,改变油藏润湿性,以及使孔隙度和渗透率等一系列油藏岩石物性参数发生变化[2-10]。
注气过程流体相态特性变化研究是其它油藏工程研究的基础,为注气油田开发设计提供了理论依据。
1 理论方法以气液两相相平衡理论和状态方程开展注气过程的流体体系的相态特征研究。
设一油气烃类体系由n个组分构成,该体系摩尔质量分数为1摩尔,则体系处于气—液相平衡时,应满足以下物料平衡方程V+L=1(1)V x g i+L x l i=Z i(2)∑x g i=∑x l i=∑Z i=1(3)由逸度的定义f g i=f l i(4)f g i=x g i<g i p(5)f g i=x g i<g i p(6)再根据气、液两相平衡时的平衡常数的定义K gl i=x g ix l i=<l i<g i(7)结合上述规一化方程,可以得到气—液两相闪蒸方程∑x l i=∑Z iV(K gl i-1)+1=1(8)∑x g i=∑Z i V(K gl iV(K gl i-1)+1=1(9)以上各式中,f—逸度;K—平衡常数;L—液相摩尔分数;V—气相摩尔分数;x—摩尔组成; Z—体系总摩尔组成;<—逸度系数。
石油与天然气地质专业英语分类词汇表
目录总类。
41.油气地质勘探总论。
72. 含油气盆地构造学。
73. 含油气盆地沉积学。
114. 油气性质。
145. 油气成因。
156. 油气储集层。
217.油气运移。
228.油气聚集。
259.油气地质勘探。
2710.油气地球化学勘探。
2911.地震地层学。
2912.遥感地质。
3213.实验室分析。
3314.油气资源评价。
3415.地质年代。
16补充17岩性，岩石学总类油气地质勘探petroleum and gas geology and exploration石油地球物理petroleum geophysics地球物理测井geophysical well logging石油工程petroleum engineering钻井工程drilling engineering油气田开发与开采oil-gas field development and exploitation石油炼制petroleum processing石油化工petrochemical processing海洋石油技术offshore oil technique油气集输与储运工程oil and gas gathering-transportation and storageengineering石油钻采机械与设备petroleum drilling and production equipment油田化学oilfield chemistry油气藏hydrocarbon reservoir油藏oil reservoir气藏gas reservoir商业油气藏(又称工业油气藏)commercial hydrocarbon reservoir油气田oil-gas field油田oil field气田gas field大油气田large oil-gas field特大油气田(又称巨型油气田)giant oil-gas field岩石物性physical properties of rock岩石物理学petrophysics野外方法field method野外装备field equipment石油petroleum天然石油natural oil人造石油artificial oil原油crude oil原油性质oil property石蜡基原油paraffin-base crude [oil]环烷基原油(又称沥青基原油)naphthene- base crude [oil]中间基原油(又称混合基原油)intermediate- base crude [oil] 芳香基原油aromatic- base crude [oil]含硫原油sulfur-bearing crude,sour crude拔头原油topped crude重质原油heavy crude [oil]含蜡原油waxy crude [oil]合成原油synthetic crude凝析油condensate,condensed oil原油分析crude oil analysis,crude assay原油评价crude oil evaluation石油颜色oil colour石油密度oil densityAPI度API degree波美度Baumé degree沥青bitumen, asphalt沥青质asphaltene胶质gum熔点melting point倾点pour point凝点freezing point闪点flash point燃点fire point浊点cloud point液化天然气liquified natural gas,LNG天然气natural gas湿气wet gas干气dry gas酸气sour gas净气(又称甜气)sweet gas伴生气associated gas天然气绝对湿度absolute humidity of natural gas 天然气相对湿度relative humidity of natural gas天然气密度 natural gas density天然气溶解度natural gas solubility天然气发热量calorific capacity of natural gas 天然气（燃烧）热值heating value of natural gas 凝析气condensate gas烃hydrocarbon轻烃light hydrocarbon烷烃paraffin hydrocarbon, alkane烯烃olefin,alkene环烷烃naphthenic hydrocarbon芳香烃aromatic hydrocarbon,arene含氧化合物oxygen compound含氮化合物nitrogen compound含硫化合物sulfur compound天然气液natural gas liquid,NGL液化石油气liquified petroleum gas,LPG临界点critical point临界状态critical state临界体积critical volume临界温度critical temperature临界压力critical pressure临界凝析温度cri condentherm临界凝析压力cricondenbar露点dew point露点曲线dew point curve烃露点hydrocarbon dew point平衡露点equilibrium dew point泡点bubble point泡点曲线bubble point curve油气系统相图phase diagram of oil-gas system 逆蒸发retrograde evaporation反凝析retrograde condensation饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure湍流turbulent flow层流laminar flow牛顿流体Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid塑性流体plastic fluid假塑性流体pseudoplastic fluid幂率流体power law fluid剪切率shear rate屈服值yield value动力粘度dynamic viscoisity绝对粘度absolute viscosity相对粘度relative viscosity视密度observent density双电层(又称偶电层)electrostatic double layer水合作用(又称水化作用)hydration生物降解(作用)biodegradation1.油气地质勘探总论石油天然气地质学geology of oil and gas石油地质学petroleum geology天然气地质学 geology of natural gas石油地球化学petroleum geochemistry储层地质学reservoir geology油气田地质学geology of oil and gas field油气田水文地质学hydrogeology of oil and gas field 应用地球物理学applied geophysics油气田勘探exploration of oil and gas地质勘探geological exploration地球物理勘探geophysical exploration地球化学勘探geochemical exploration海上油气勘探offshore petroleum exploration地热勘探geothermal exploration数学地质(学)mathematical geology遥感地质remote-sensing geology实验室分析laboratory analysis油气资源预测assessment of petroleum resources 2. 含油气盆地构造学构造地质学structural geology大地构造学geotectonics板块构造学plate tectonics地球动力学geodynamics地质力学geomechanics构造structure构造作用tectonism地壳运动crustal movement水平运动horizontal movement垂直运动vertical movemen造山运动orogeny造陆运动epeirogeny构造模式structural model构造样式(又称构造风格)structural style构造类型tectonic type构造格架tectonic framework应力型式stress pattern压(缩)应力compressive stress张应力tensile stress剪应力shear stress挤压作用compression拉张作用extension压扭作用(又称压剪)transpression张扭作用(又称张剪)transtension左旋sinistral rotation,left lateral 右旋dextral rotation,right lateral 地幔隆起mantal bulge地幔柱mantal plume结晶基地crytalline basement沉积盖层sedimentary cover构造旋回tectonic cycle构造单元tectonic unit地槽geosyncline地台(曾用名陆台)platform克拉通craton准地槽parageosyncline准地台paraplatform地盾shield地块massif地向斜geosyncline地背斜geoanticline台向斜platform syneclise台背斜platform anticlise隆起uplift坳陷（二级构造单元）depression凸起swell,convex凹陷（三级构造单元）sag,concave长垣placanticline褶皱fold斜坡slope阶地terrace构造鼻strctural nose背斜anticline向斜syncline穹窿dome滚动背斜rollover anticline牵引皱褶drag fold披覆褶皱(又称披盖褶皱)drape fold底辟构造(又称刺穿构造)diapiric structure 盐丘salt dome刺穿盐丘salt diapir盐构造作用halokinesis断层fault断层生长指数fault growth index同生断层contemporaneous fault,synsedimentary fault,growth fault 正断层normal fault逆断层reverse fault冲断层thrust上冲断层(逆掩断层)overthrust下冲断层underthrust上冲席overthrust sheet走滑断层strike-slip fault转换断层transform fault倾向滑动断层dip-slip fault地堑graben地垒horst半地堑(又称箕状凹陷)half-graben推覆体nappe整合conformity不整合unconformity假整合disconformity块断作用block faulting重力滑动作用gravitational sliding地裂运动taphrogeny板块运动plate movementA型俯冲A-subductionB型俯冲B-subduction俯冲subduction仰冲obduction板块边界plate boundary离散边界divergent boundary会聚边界convergent boundary转换边界trnsform boundary大陆边缘continental margin活动大陆边缘active continental margin 被动大陆边缘passive continental margin 大陆漂移continental drift板块碰撞plate collision大陆增生continental accretion岛弧island arc海沟trench沟弧盆系trench-arc-basin system弧前盆地fore-arc basin弧后盆地back-arc basin,retroarc basin 弧间盆地interarc basin边缘海盆地marginal sea basin坳拉槽盆地aulacogen斜坡盆地slope basin大陆边缘断陷盆地continent-marginal faulted basin 大陆边缘三角洲盆地continental-marginal delta basin 裂谷盆地rift basin内克拉通盆地intracratonic basin周缘前陆盆地peripheral foreland basin弧后前陆盆地retroarc foreland basin破裂前陆盆地broken foreland basin山前坳陷盆地piedmont depression basin复合型盆地composite basin山间盆地intermontaine basin残留大洋盆地remnant ocean basin原始大洋裂谷盆地protoceanic rift basin新生大洋盆地nascent ocean basin深海平原盆地dep-sea plain basin扭张盆地transtensional basin扭压盆地transpressional basin拉分盆地pull-apart basin洋壳型盆地ocean-crust type basin过渡壳型盆地transition-crust type basin陆壳型盆地continental-crust basin多旋回盆地polycyclic basin块断盆地block fault basin地堑盆地graben basin含油气大区petroliferous province含油气盆地petroliferous basin含油气区petroliferous region油气聚集带petroleum accumulation zone盆地分析basin analysis盆地数值模拟basin numerical simulation3. 含油气盆地沉积学沉积学sedimentology沉积物sediment沉积岩sedimentary rock沉积作用sedimentation,deposition沉积分异作用sedimentary differentiation沉积旋回sedimentary cycle,depositional-cycle同生作用syngenesis成岩作用diagenesis成岩阶段diagenetic stage后生作用(又称晚期成岩作用)epigenesist,catagenesis 变生作用(曾用名深变作用)metagenesis碎屑岩clastic rock,detrital rock砂岩sandstone粉砂岩siltstone砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia火山碎屑岩pyroclastic rock,volcanoclastic rock 碳酸盐岩carbonate rock石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite,dolostone泥灰岩marl粘土岩claystone泥质岩argillite泥岩mudstone页岩shale蒸发岩evaporite盐岩salt rock可燃有机岩caustobiolith沉积中心depocenter沉降中心subsiding center岩相古地理lithofacies palaeogeography沉积环境sedimentary enviroment沉积体系sedimentary system,depositional system 沉积相sedimentary facies岩相lithofacies生物相biofacies地球化学相geochemical facies相标志facies marker相模式facies model相分析facies analysis山麓洪积相piedmont pluvial facies碎屑流沉积debris flow deposit泥石流沉积mud-debris flow deposit冲积扇相alluvial fan facies河流相fluvial facies辩状河沉积braided stream deposit曲流河沉积meandering stream deposit网状河沉积anastomosed stream deposit河床滞留沉积channel-lag deposit凸岸坝沉积(又称“点砂坝沉积”、“边滩沉积”)poit bar deposit 心滩沉积mid-channel bar deposit天然堤沉积natural levee deposit决口扇沉积crevasse-splay deposit废弃河道沉积abandoned channel deposit牛轭湖沉积oxbow lake deposit河漫滩沉积(又称洪泛平原沉积)flood-plain deposit侧向加积lateral accretion垂向加积vertical accretion湖泊相lacustrine facies盐湖相salt-lake facies冰川相glacial facies沙漠相desert facies风成沉积eolian deposit海相marine facies深海相abyssal facies半深海相bathyal facies浅海相neritic facies浅海陆架相neritic shelf facies滨海相littoral facies陆相nonmarine facies,continental facies 海岸沙丘coastal dune内陆沙丘interior dune沙漠沙丘desert dune正常浪基面(又称正常浪底)normal wave base 风暴浪基面(又称风暴浪底)storm wave base 过渡相transition facies三角洲相delta facies扇三角洲相fan-delta facies三角洲平原delta plain,deltaic plain三角洲前缘delta front,deltaic front前三角洲prodelta建设性三角洲constructive delta破坏性三角洲destructive delta河口沙坝river mouth bar远沙坝distal bar指状沙坝finger bar三角洲前缘席状砂delta front sheet sand分流间湾沉积interdistributary bay deposit 河口湾沉积estuary deposit澙湖相(又称泻湖相)lagoon facies蒸发岩相evaporite facies潮滩(又称潮坪)tidal flat潮汐通道tidal channel潮汐三角洲todal delta潮上带supratidal zone潮间带intertidal zone潮下带subtidal zone塞卜哈环境Sabkha enviroment浅滩(又称沙洲)shoal海滩beach湖滩beach岸堤bank障壁岛barrier island浊流turbidity current浊积岩turbidite浊积岩相turbidite facies湖底扇sublacustrine fan海底扇submarine fan鲍马序列Bouma sequence碳酸盐台地carbonate platform局限海restricted sea广海(又称开阔海)open sea陆表海epicontinental sea,epeiric sea陆缘海pericontinental sea边缘海margin sea盆地相basin facies深海平原abyssal plain广海陆架相open sea shelf facies台地前缘斜坡相platform foreslope facies生物丘相biohermal facies生物礁相organic reef facies台地边缘浅滩相shoal facies of platform margin 4. 油气性质石油荧光性oil fluorescence石油旋光性oil rotary polarization石油灰分oilash钒-镍比vanadium to nickel ratio,V/Ni 游离气free gas溶解气dissolved gas沼气marsh gas泥火山气mud volcano gas惰性气inert gas固体沥青solid bitumen基尔沥青kir高氮沥青algarite地沥青maltha石沥青asphalt硬沥青gilsonite脆沥青grahamite焦性沥青impsonite次石墨graphitoid,schungite地沥青化作用asphaltization碳青质(又称卡宾)carbene高碳青质carboid总烃total hydrocarbon岩屑气cutting gas吸附烃adsorbed hydrocarbon溶解烃dissolved hydrocarbon游离沥青free bitumen束缚沥青fixed bitumen抽提沥青extractable bitumen氯仿沥青chloform bitumen酒精-苯沥青alcohol-benzene bitumen甲醇-丙酮-苯抽提物(简称MAB抽提物)methanol-acetone-benzene extract 分散沥青dispersed bitumen荧光沥青fluorescent bitumen5. 油气成因无机成因论inorganic origin theory碳化物论carbide theory宇宙论universal theory岩浆论magmatic theory(石油)高温成因论pyrogenetic theory蛇纹石化生油论serpontinization theory有机成因论organic origin theory动物论animal theory植物论plant theory动植物混合论animal-plant theory干酪根降解论kerogen degragation theory分散有机质dispersed organic matter前身物precursor腐泥质sapropelic substance腐泥化作用saprofication腐殖质humic substance腐殖酸humic acid腐殖化作用humification干酪根(曾用名油母质、油母)kerogen腐泥型干酪根(又称Ⅰ型干酪根)sapropel-type kerogen, Ⅰ-type kerogen 混合型干酪根(又称Ⅱ型干酪根)mixed-type kerogen, Ⅱ-type kerogen腐殖型干酪根(又称Ⅲ型干酪根)humic-type kerogen, Ⅲ-type kerogen显微组分(曾用名煤素质)maceral壳质组(又称稳定组)exinite,liptinite孢子体sporinite角质体cutinite藻类体alginite树脂体resinite镜质体vitrinite结构镜质体telinite无结构镜质体collinite惰质体inertinite微粒体micrinite菌类体sclerotinite丝质体fusinite半丝质体semifusinite无定形amorphous草质herbaceous木质woody煤质coaly还原环境reducing environment铁还原系数reduced coefficient oh ferrite还原硫reduced sulfur自生矿物authigenic mineral黄铁矿pyrite菱铁矿siderite赤铁矿hematite有机质演化organic matter evolution有机质成岩作用organic matter diagenesis有机质后生作用(曾用名有机质退化作用)organic matter catagenesis 有机质变生作用organic matter metagenesis有机质变质作用organic matter metamorphism生物化学降解作用biochemical degragation碳化作用carbonization生物化学生气阶段biochemical gas-genous stage热催化生油气阶段thermo-catalytic oil-gas-geneous stage热裂解生凝析气阶段thermo-cracking condensate-geneous stage深部高温生气阶段deep pyrometric gas-geneous stage未成熟期immature phase成熟期mature phase过熟期postmature phase生油门限threshold of oil generation液态窗(又称主要生油期)liquid window死亡线death line海相生油marine origin陆相生油nonmarine origin二次生油secondary generation of oil烃源岩(曾用名生油气岩)source bed油源岩(曾用名生油层)oil source bed气源层(曾用名生气层)gas source bed油源层系(曾用名生油层系)oil source bed 有效烃源层effective source bed潜在烃源层potential source bed油页岩oil shale生油指标source rock index有机质丰度organic matter abundance有机碳organic carbon耗氧量oxygen consumption成熟作用maturation有机质成熟度organic matter maturity有机变质程度level of organic metamorphism,LOM时间-温度指数time-temperature index,TTI镜质组反射率(符号Ro) vitrinite reflectance定碳比carbon ratio孢粉颜色指数sporopollen color index热变指数thermal alteration index,TAI牙形石色变指数conodont alteration index,CAI碳优势指数carbon preference index,CPI奇偶优势odd-even predominance,OEP正环烃成熟指数normal paraffin maturity index,NPMI环烷烃指数naphthene index,NI芳香烃结构分布指数aromatic structural index,ASI自由基浓度number of free radical电子自旋共振信号electron spin resonance signal,ESR signal 顺磁磁化率paramagnetic susceptibility自旋密度spin density转化率transformation ratio,hydrocarbon-generating ratio 沥青系数bitumen coefficient生油率oil-generating ratio生气率gas-generating ratio生油量oil-generating quantity生油潜量potential oil-generating quantity氢碳原子比hydrogen to carbon atomic ratio,H/C 氧碳原子比oxygen to carbon ratio,O/C源岩评价仪Rock-Eval氢指数hydrogen index,HI氧指数oxygen index,OI油源对比oil and resource rock correlation气源对比gas and resource rock correlation地球化学化石geochemical fossil指纹化合物fingerprint compound生物标志[化合]物biomarker,biological marker 生物构型biological configuration地质构型geological configuration立体异沟化stereoisomerism立体异构体stereoisomer,stereomer甾类steroid甾烷sterane降甾烷norsterane胆甾烷cholestane谷甾烷sitstane豆甾烷stigmastane粪甾烷coprostane麦角甾烷ergostane正常甾烷(规则甾烷)regular sterane 重排甾烷rearranged sterane孕甾烷pregnane萜类(又称萜族化合物)terpenoid萜烷terpane三环萜烷tricyclic terpane四环萜烷tetracyclic terpane五环三萜烷pentacyclic triterpane 藿烷hopane降藿烷norhopane羽扇烷lupane莫烷moretane降莫烷normoretaneλ蜡烷gammacerane奥利烷oleanane乌散烷ulsane松香烷abietane杜松烷cadinane雪松烷cedarane补身烷drimane海松烷pimarane罗汉松烷podocarpane角鲨烷squalane甾烷—藿烷比steraneto hopane ratio倍半萜sesquiterpene二萜diterpene三萜triterpene多萜polyterpene胡萝卜烷carotane类胡萝卜素carotenoid类异戊二烯isoprenoid类异戊二烯烃isoprenoid hydrocarbon殖烷phytane姥鲛烷pristane姥值比pristane to phytane ratio,Pr/Ph降姥鲛烷norpristane法呢烷farnesane卟啉porphyrin天然气成因类型genetic types of natural gas无机成因气inorganic genetic gas, abiogenetic gas 火山气valcanic gas深源气deep source gas幔源气mantle source gas岩浆岩气magmatic rock gas变质岩气metamorphic rock gas宇宙气universal gas无机盐类分解气decomposition gas of inorganic salt 有机成因气organic genetic gas腐泥型天然气sapropel-type natural gas腐殖型天然气humic-type natural gas腐殖煤型天然气humolith-type natural gas生物气biogenic gas,bacterial gas油型气petroliferous gas煤型气coaliferous gas煤成气coal-genetic gas煤系气coal-measure gas煤层气coal seam gas腐泥型裂解气sapropel-type cracking gas腐殖型裂解气humic-type cracking gas非常规气unconventional gas地热气geothermal gas饱气带aeration zone异丁烷—正丁烷比isobutane to normal butane ratio 正庚烷normal heptane甲基环己烷methylcyclohexane二甲基环戊烷dimethyl cyclopentane庚烷值heptane value甲烷系数methane coefficient干燥系数drying coefficient碳同位素carbon isotope氢同位素hydrogen isotope氧同位素oxygen isotope氦同位素比率helium isotope ratio氩同位素比率argon isotope ratio6. 油气储集层储集岩reservoir rock储集层reservoir bed含油层oil-bearing horizon含油层系oil-bearing sequence碎屑岩类储集层clastic reservoir碳酸盐岩类储集层carbonate reservoir 结晶岩类储集层crystalline reservoir 泥质岩类储集层argillaceous reservoir 孔隙型储集层porous-type reservoir裂隙型储集层fractured reservoir储层连续性reservoir continuity储层非均质性reservoir heterogeneity 胶结作用cementation胶结类型cementation type基底胶结basal cement孔隙胶结porous cement接触胶结contact cement杂乱胶结chaotic cement溶解作用dissolution压溶作用pressolution交代作用replacement，metasomatism白云石化作用dolomitization去白云石化作用dedolomitization储集空间reservoir space原生孔隙primary pore次生孔隙secondary pore粒间孔隙inter granular pore粒内孔隙intragranular pore生物骨架孔隙bio skeleton pore生物钻孔孔隙bio boring pore鸟眼孔隙bird’s-eye pore晶间孔隙intercrystalline pore溶孔dissolved pore粒内溶孔intragranular dissolved pore 粒间溶孔intergranular dissolved pore 印模孔隙(曾用名溶模孔隙)moldic pore溶洞dissolved carvern溶缝dissolved fracture裂缝fracture,fissure构造裂缝structural fracture成岩裂缝diagenetic fracture压溶裂缝pressolutional fracture缝合线stylolite储层性质reservoir property超毛细管空隙super-capillary interstice 毛细管空隙capillary interstice微毛细管空隙micro-capillary interstice 孔隙度porosity总孔隙度(又称绝对孔隙度)total porosity有效孔隙度effective porosity裂缝密度 fracture density裂缝系数fracture coefficient裂缝强度指数fracture intensity index,FII 渗透率permeability达西定律Darcy law孔隙pore喉道throat盖层caprock夹层intercalated bed隔层barrier bed,impervious bed压汞资料 intrusive mercury data排替压力displacement pressure突破压力breakthrough pressure突破时间breakthrough time生储盖组合source-reservoir-caprock assemblage,SRCA旋回式生储盖组合cyclic SRCA侧变式生储盖组合lateral changed SRCA同生式生储盖组合(又称自生自储式生储盖组合)syngenetic SRCA 7.油气运移初始运移initial migration层内运移internal migration排驱作用expulsion初次运移primary migration二次运移secondary migration侧向运移lateral migration垂向运移vertical migration区域运移regional migration局部运移local migration同期运移synchronous migration后期运移postchronous migration运移方向migration direction运移通道migration pathway运移距离migration distance运移时期migration period输导层carrier bed水相water phase烃相hydrocarbon phase固相solid phase油珠oil droplet连续油相oil-continuous phase气泡gas bubble气相gas phase排烃临界值(又称油气临界释放因子)expulsion threshold value of hydrocarbon,critical release factor of oil and gas排烃效率expulsion efficient of hydrocarbon有效排烃厚度effective thickness of expulsion hydrocarbon压实[作用]compaction初期压实阶段initial compaction stage稳定压实阶段steady compaction stage突变压实阶段saltatory compaction stage紧密压实阶段close compaction stage欠压实页岩undercompaction shale水热增压作用aquathermal pressuring渗析作用(曾用名渗透作用)osmosis粘土脱水作用clay dehydration结晶水crystalline water层间水interlayer water吸附水adsorbed water结构水textural water甲烷增生作用methane accreting, methane generating 地层压力formation pressure上覆岩层压力overburden pressure岩石压力rock pressure孔隙流体压力(又称孔隙压力)pore fluid pressure地静压力geostatic pressure静水压力hydrostatic pressure动水压力(又称水动力)hydrodynamic pressure折算压力reduced pressure总水头(又称水势)total head承压水头pressure head,confined head高程水头elevation head压力系数pressure coefficient供水区recharge area承压区confined area泄水区discharge area含水层aquifer不透水层aquifuge自流水artesian water承压水confined water土壤水soil water潜水phreatic water测压面piezometric surface测势面potentiometric surface静液面static liquid level动液面dynamic liquid level潜水面phreatic water table水力梯度hydraulic gradient势分析potential analysis气势分忻gas potential analysis油势分析oil potential analysis水势分析(又称总水斗分析)water potential analysis 等势面isopotential surface等压面iaopressure surface构造作用力tectonic force浮力buoyancy扩散diffusion异常高压(又称高压)abnormal pressure,overpressure异常低压subnormal pressure,subpressure地压geopressure地热geotherm,terrestrial heat地热田geothermal field, terrestrial heat field 岩石热导率thermal conductivity of rock大地热流值terrestrial heat flow value地热梯度(又称地温梯度)geothermal gradient地热增温级geothermal degree8.油气聚集圈闭trap有效圈闭effective trap隐蔽圈闭subtle trap成岩圈闭diagenetic trap水动力圈闭hydrodynamic trap压力封闭pressure seal重力分异gravitational differentiation差异聚集differential accumulation背斜理论anticline theory集油面积collecting area储油构造(又称含油构造)oil-bearing structure储气构造gas-bearing structure原生油气藏primary hydrocarbon reservoir次生油气藏secondary hydrocarbon reservoir构造油气藏structural hydrocarbon reservoir背斜油气藏anticlinal hydrocarbon reservoir挤压背斜油气藏squeezed anticline hydrocarbon reservoir长垣背斜油气藏placanticline anticline hydrocarbon reservoir底辟背斜油气藏diapir anticline hydrocarbon reservoir滚动背斜油气藏rollover anticline hydrocarbon reservoir披盖背斜油气藏drape anticline hydrocarbon reservoir向斜油气藏synclinal hydrocarbon reservoir断层遮挡油气藏fault-screened hydrocarbon reservoir断块油气藏fault block hydrocarbon reservoir裂缝油气藏 fractured hydrocarbon reservoir盐丘遮挡油气藏 salt diapir hydrocarbon reservoir泥火山遮挡油气藏mud volcano screened hydrocarbon reservoir岩浆柱遮挡油气藏magmatic plug hydrocarbon reservoir地层油气藏 stratigraphic hydrocarbon reservoir地层超覆油气藏 stratigraphic onlap hydrocarbon reservoir地层不整合油气藏stratigraphic unconformity hydrocarbon reservoir潜山油气藏buried hill hydrocarbon reservoir基岩油气藏 basement hydrocarbon reservoir生物礁块油气藏reef hydrocarbon reservoir,bioherm hydrocarbon reservoir 岩性油气藏lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir岩性尖灭油气藏 lithologic pinchout hydrocarbon reservoir岩性透镜体油气藏 lithologic lenticular hydrocarbon reservoir古河道油气藏palaeochannel hydrocarbon reservoir古海岸沙洲油气藏palaeooffshore bar hydrocarbon reservoir带状油气藏banded hydrocarbon reservoir层状油气藏stratified stratified hydrocarbon reservoir块状油气藏massive hydrocarbon reservoir不规则状油气藏irregular hydrocarbon reservoir喀斯持油气藏karst hydrocarbon reservoir沥青塞封闭油藏asphalt-sealed oil reservoir饱和油气藏saturated hydrocarbon reservoir凝析气藏condensate gas reservoir背料油气藏参数parameter of anticlinal reservoir圈闭容积trap volume闭合面积closure area闭合度closure溢山点spill point油气藏高度height of hydrocarbon pool, height of hydrocarbon reservoir 油柱高度oil column height气柱高度gas column height气顶gas cap边水edge water底水bottom water有效厚度net-pay thickness含油面积oil-bearing area含气面积gas-bearing area纯油带面积area of inner-boundary of oil zone油水过渡带面积area of transitional zone from oil to water含油边界oil boundary含气边界gas boundary含水边界water boundary油水界面water-oil boundary油气界面oil-gas boundary油藏描述reservoir description油藏评价reservoir evaluation,pool evaluation9.油气地质勘探区域勘探regional exploration工业勘探industrial exploration预探priliminary prospecting详探detailed prospecting地质测量geological survey构造地质测量structural geological survey地质剖面geological section构造剖面structural section区域综合大剖面regional comprehensive section,regional composite cross section 区域地层对比regional stratigraphic correlation岩性对比lithological correlation古生物对比palaeontological correlation沉积旋回对比sedimentary cycle correlation重砂矿物对比placer mineral correlation元素对比element correlation古地磁对比paleomagnetic correlation露头outcrop油气显示indication of oil and gas, oil and gas show 油气苗oil and gas seepage油苗oil seepage气苗gas seepage沥青苗asphalt seepage沥青湖pitch lake沥青丘pitch mound沥青脉bituminous vein沥青砂(曾用名重油砂、焦油砂)tar sand油砂oil sand泥火山mud volcano地质模型geological model地质模拟geological modelling地下地质subsurface geology取心井coring hole参数井(曾用名基准井)parameter well探井prospecting well,exploratory well预探井(曾用名野猫井)preliminary prospecting well,wildcat 发现井discovery well详探井detailed prospecting well探边井delineation well,extension well评价井assessment well,appraisal well,evaluation well开发井development well生产井producing well,producer注水井water injection well, injector注气井gas injection well布井系统well pattern单井设计well design井身结构casing programme固井cementing试井well testing试油testing for oil试采production testing标准层marker bed, key bed, datum bed目的层target stratum地质录井geological logging岩心灵并core logging岩屑录并cutting logging岩屑滞后时间lag time of cutting钻时录井drilling-time logging钻速录井drilling rate logging泥浆录井mud logging荧光录井fluorescent logging井斜平面图drill-hole inclination plan地层对比stratigraphic correlation含油级别oil-bearing grade完井方案completion programme圈闭发现率trap discovery ratio商业油气流commercial oil and gas flow油藏驱动机理(又称油层驱动机理)reservoir drive mechanism 单井产量well production rate年产量annual output, annual yield圈闭勘探成功率trap exploration success ratio储量增长率reserves increase ratio勘探效率exploration efficiency勘探成本exploration cost探井成本cost of prospecting well10.油气地球化学勘探△碳法delta-carbon methodK—V指纹法K-V fingerprint technique吸附烃法absorbed hydrocarbon method气体测量gas survey沥青测量bitumen survey水化学测量hydrochemical survey水文地球化学测量hydrogeochemical survey细菌勘探bacteria prospecting土壤盐测量soil salt suevey地殖物法geobotanical method放射性测量radioactive survey氧化还原电位法oxidation-reduction potential method 11.地震地层学区域地震地层学regional seismic stratigraphy储层地震地层学reservoir seismic stratigraphy层序地层学sequence stratigraphy成因层序地层学genetic sequence stratigraphy年代地层学chronostratigraphy生物地层学biostratigraphy磁性地层学magnetostratigraphy地震岩性学seismic lithology横向预测lateral prediction确定性储层模拟deterministic reservoir modeling随机性储层模拟stochastic reservoir modeling地质统计储层模拟geostatiscal reservoir modeling人机[交互]联作解释interactive interpretation 反射终端(又称反射终止)reflection termination 整一concordance不整一uncorncordance上超onlap退覆offlap顶超toplap浅水顶超shallow-water toplap深水顶超deep-water toplap湖岸上超coastal onlap深水上超deep-water onlap下超downlap底超baselap削截(曾用名削蚀)truncation视削截(曾用名视削蚀)apparent truncation沉积间断hiatus超层序supersequence层序sequence亚层序subsequence最大洪水界面maximum flooding surface缓慢沉积剖面(又称饥饿剖面)condensed section 高水位期highstand period低水伦期lowstand period体系域system tract低水位体系域low system tract,LST海进体系域transgressive system tract,TST高水位体系城high system tract,HST陆架边缘体系域shelf margin system tract,SMST盆底扇basin floor fan斜坡扇slope fan滑塌块体slump block滑塌扇slump fan楔状前积体wedge-prograding complex地震层序seismic sequence地震相seismic facies反射结构reflection configuration前积反射结构progradational reflection configurations形前积结构sigmoid progradation configuration斜交前积结构oblique progradation configuration叠瓦状前积结构shingled progradation configuration帚状前积结构brush progradation configuration杂乱前积结构chaotic progradation configuration前积—退积结构progradation-retrogradation configuration 非前积反射结构nonprogradational reflection configuration平行结构parallel configuration亚平行结构subparrallel configuration乱岗状结构hummocky configuration波状结构wave configuration扭曲形结构contorted configuration断开结构disrupted configuration发散结构divergent configuration杂乱结构chaotic configuration无反射结构reflection-free configuration 反射外形reflection external form席状相sheet facies席状披盖相sheet drape facies楔状相wedged facies丘状相mounded facies滩状相bank facies透镜状相lens facies滑塌相slump facies火山丘相valcanic mound facies充填相filled facies反射连续性reflection continuity振幅amplitude频率frequence极性polarity岩性指数lithologic index砂岩百分含量sandstone percent content偏砂相sand-prone facies偏泥相shale-prone facies地震相单元seismic facies unit地震相分析seismic facies analysis地震相图seismic facies map测井相log facies岩心相core facies钻井—地震相剖面图drill-seismicfacies section 沉积环境图depositional environment map成因地层单位genetic stratigraphic unit年代地层单位chrono stratigraphic unit岩电地层单位litho-electric stratigraphic unit 等时性isochronism穿时性diachronism远景地区prospect分辨率resolution保持振幅处理preserved amplitude processing地震模型seismic model反演模拟inverse modeling。
石油与天然气地质学 按章节总结
石油与天然气地质学：是研究地壳中油气藏形成条件和分布规律的地质学科。
它属于矿产地质科学的一个分支学科，是石油、天然气勘探与开发相关专业的专业理论课。
石油与天然气地质学研究的主要对象是油气藏。
第二章油气藏中流体成分和性质一、名词解释石油：是存在于地下岩石孔隙中的以液态烃为主体的可燃有机矿产，又称原油。
地下油气藏中的石油是由气态、液态、及固态烃类及其衍生物混合而成的，在成分和相态上均表现为及其复杂的混合物。
原油灰分：石油燃烧后的残渣。
石油组分分析（组分组成）：利用有机溶剂和吸附剂对组成石油的化合物具有选择性溶解和吸附的性能，选用不同有机溶剂和吸附剂，将原油分成若干部分，每一部分就是一个组分。
油质：石油的主要组分，可溶于石油醚而不被硅胶吸附的由烃类组成的浅色粘性物质。
胶质：粘稠状液体或半固体，浅黄、红褐色至黑色，可溶于石油醚、苯、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳等有机溶剂，可被硅胶吸附。
沥青质：不溶于石油醚和酒精，而溶于苯、三氯甲烷的沥青部分。
游离沥青：岩样未用Hcl处理，直接被氯仿提出的产物称游离沥青“A”。
束缚沥青：岩样经Hcl处理，直接被氯仿提出的产物称束缚沥青“C”.OEP:色谱图上有奇数C和偶数C的差值，即奇偶优势。
OEP越小，说明了油越成熟。
粘度：反应流体流动难易程度的一个物理参数。
粘度值实质上是反应流体流动时分子之间相对运动所引起内摩擦力的大小。
粘度大则流动性差，反之则流动性好。
粘度分为动力粘度、运动粘度和相对粘度。
石油地质上通常所说的粘度多指动力粘度。
石油的比重：石油的相对密度：在105Pa下，20℃石油与4℃纯水的密度比值，用d420表示。
P22石油的荧光性：石油在紫外光照射下可产生发荧光的特性称为荧光性。
利用石油具有的荧光性，可以用紫外灯鉴定岩石中微量石油和沥青类物质的存在。
石油的旋光性：石油能使偏振光的振动面旋转一定角度的性能。
石油的旋光角一般是几分之一度到几度之间。
旋光性可以作为石油有机成因的重要证据之一。
油层物理所有名词解释
油层物理名词解释1.粒度组成：指构成砂岩的各种大小不同颗粒的百分含量，常用重量百分数表示。
2.岩石比面：单位体积岩石内岩石骨架的总表面积或孔隙内表面积。
3.孔隙度：岩石中孔隙体积Vp（或岩石中未被固体物质充填的空间体积）与岩石总体积Vb的比值。
4.孔喉比：孔隙直径与吼道直径的比值。
5.岩石绝对孔隙度:岩石的总孔隙度Va与岩石外表体积Vb之比。
6.岩石的有效孔隙体积：是指在一定压差下被油气饱和并参与渗流的连通孔隙体积。
7.岩石流动孔隙体积：是指在含油岩石中，流体能在其内流动的孔隙体积Vff。
相比有效孔隙度：排除了死孔隙和那些为毛管力所束缚的液体所占的孔隙，还排除了岩石表面液膜的体积。
8.岩石压缩系数：当油层压力每降低单位压力时，单位体积岩石中孔隙体积的缩小值。
9.地层综合弹性压缩系数：地层每下降单位压降时，单位体积岩石中孔隙及液体总的体积的变化值。
10.弹性可采储量：地层压力从原始地层压力Pi下降至原油泡点压力(饱和地层压力)Pb时，可采出的流体量。
11.饱和度：储层岩石孔隙中某种流体所占的体积百分数。
12.原始含油饱和度：油藏投入开发以前多测出的储层岩石孔隙空间中原始含油体积Voi与岩石孔隙体积Vp的比值。
13.原始含水饱和度/束缚水饱和度：油藏投入开发以前储层岩石孔隙空间中原始含水体积Vwi与岩石孔隙体积Vp的比值。
14.目前油气水饱和度：油田开发的不同时期，不同阶段所测得的油气水饱和度，也称为含油，含气，含水饱和度。
15.残余油饱和度：随着油田开发油层能量衰竭，即是经过注水后还会在地层孔隙中存在着尚未驱尽的原油，他在岩石孔隙中所占的体积分数。
16.岩石绝对渗透率：当岩石全部孔隙中百分百还有某种单相流体，并且流体与岩石不发生化学和物理的作用，发生层流流动时的渗透率。
17.达西定律：单位时间内流体通过多孔介质的流量与加在多孔介质两端的压力差和介质中的截面积成正比，与多孔介质的长度和液体的粘度成反比。
第2章：1 储层流体的物理特性(油气藏烃类的相态特征)共32页
形态越细长, 两相区越小
组分性质相差越大 （如分子大小）
两相区越大
临界点位置越 高
４.多组分烃类系统的相图
实际地下油气藏是复杂的多组分烃类体系。
拟组分：为了便于研究，
常把几种化学成分合并为 一种拟组分。例如C2-6视为 轻烃组分（或中间组分） ， C7+视为液烃组分。
泡点线（饱和压力线）；
湿气相态图
干气相态图
湿气：井口流出物中，在标准状态下C5以上重烃液体含量超过 13.5cm3/m3。
3）凝析气藏相图
反凝析气的相态图
C点位于临界凝析压 力点的左下侧，更加靠 近临界凝析压力点。
环形区较窄；等液量 线较密集。
气藏地层温度（A点） 介于临界温度与临界凝 析温度之间。从B点到 D点随着气藏压力降低， 液态烃析出达到最大 （反凝析过程）。
4）轻质油藏（高收缩油藏）相图
就油气藏烃类 而言，一般是 烷烃、环烷烃 和芳香烃。
各相态的化学组成（常温、常压）
相态
化学组成 主要成分
气态 液态 固态
烷烃C1～C4 烷烃C5～C16 烷烃C16以上
天然气 石油 石腊
实际上，石油、天然气、石蜡的化学组成，要找出明确 的界线很困难。
2）油气藏烃类体系相态的控制因素
内因：烃类体系的化学组成 外因：烃类体系所处的温度、压力环境
3）相图
相（phase）：某一体系中的均质部分。一个相中可以 含有多种组分。（如：地层油和气为不同的两相）
相态方程：对于一个组成固定的体系，压力、温度和 比容（P.T.V）都是该体系相状态的函数。特定体系的 状态方程为 F（P.V.T）=0
相图：将状态方程以图示法表示就是相图。
采气工考试：采气初级工考试考试卷及答案模拟考试练习.doc
采气工考试：采气初级工考试考试卷及答案模拟考试练习 考试时间：120分钟 考试总分：100分遵守考场纪律，维护知识尊严，杜绝违纪行为，确保考试结果公正。
1、问答题 分别以20℃和0℃，绝对压力101.325kPa 作为标准状态计算天然气体积流量，其计算结果相同吗？那个多，那个少？ 本题答案： 2、问答题 何谓可采储量？ 本题答案： 3、填空题 地壳的平均厚度约（ ）km 。
（取整数） 本题答案： 4、单项选择题 某固定式硫化氢气体检测仪量程为50μL／L ，当其输出电流为7.2mA 时，则此时的测量值为（ ）。
A 、10L ／L B 、20L ／L C 、25L ／L D 、30L ／L 本题答案： 5、单项选择题 强迫流体振动以旋涡的旋进现象为基础的流量测量仪表是（ ）。
A 、涡轮流姓名：________________ 班级：________________ 学号：________________ --------------------密----------------------------------封 ----------------------------------------------线----------------------量计B、涡街流量计C、旋进旋涡流量计D、质量流量计本题答案：6、填空题储层的有效厚度、孔隙度、渗透率等性质变化大的气藏称为（）。
本题答案：7、问答题常用灭火方法有哪些？本题答案：8、判断题在已探明的气田上，以采气为目的而钻的井称为观察井。
本题答案：9、问答题为什么电器开关要安装在火线上？本题答案：10、单项选择题点燃天然气火头时，应按（）的次序操作。
A.先开气，后点火B.先点火，后开气C.开气与点火同时进行D.操作次序无规定本题答案：11、填空题每立方米天然气中含有水蒸气的克数，称为天然气的含水量，或称（）。
本题答案：12、单项选择题平板阀加注密封脂应在（）状态下加注，加注后来回活动阀门2～3次。
石油及天然气地质学复习要点
1. 石油：以液态形式存在于地下岩石孔隙中，有各种碳氢化合物和少量杂质组成的可燃有机矿产。
2. 油田水：从广义上讲，是指油田区域（含油构造）内的地下水，包括油层水和非油层水，狭义的油田水是指油田范围内直接与油层连通的地下水，即油层水。
3. 干酪根：沉积岩中所有不溶于非氧化性的酸，碱和非极性有机溶剂的有机质，既包括以分散状存在于沉积岩中的有机质，也包括以集中状态存在于煤种的不溶有机质。
4. 烃源岩：指富含有机质，在地质历史过程中生成并排除了或正在生成和排除石油和天然气的岩石。
5. 次生孔隙： 在岩石形成以后,由溶解、交代、重结晶、白云石化以及构造运动等作用下形成的孔、洞、缝。
常见的次生孔隙如碎屑岩中的溶蚀孔、收缩孔和晶间孔,碳酸盐岩中的溶孔、晶间孔、粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔、溶模孔、溶洞以及构造运动产生的各类裂缝。
6. 储集岩指有孔隙和渗透性具备流体储存和流通空间条件的岩石或岩层7. 油气初次运移：油气从烃源岩层向储集层的运移称为初次运移。
8. 油气二次运移：油气进入储集层以后的一切运移称为二次运移。
9. 地层圈闭和油气藏：指由于不整合作用导致的储集层纵向沉积向沉积连续性中断而形成的圈闭，其中的油气聚集就是地层油气藏。
10.油气藏：油气在单一圈闭中的基本聚集，是油气在地壳中聚集地基本单位。
11.排替压力：岩石中非润湿相流体被润湿相流体排替所需要的最低压力，即是岩石中最大连通孔隙的毛管压力。
饱和烃：又指烷烃，是只有碳碳单键与碳氢键的链烃，是最简单的一类有机化合物，烷烃分子里的碳原子之间以单键结合成链状外，其他化合价全部为氢原子饱和。
12. 芳香烃：指含有六个碳原子和六个氢原子组成的特殊碳环——苯环的化合物。
13.孔隙度：岩石中孔隙的发育程度用孔隙度来衡量分为绝对孔隙度和有效孔隙度。
14.绝对孔隙度：岩样中所有孔隙空间体积之和与该岩样总体积的比值。
15.有效孔隙度：指那些互相连通的，在一般压力条件下，可以允许液体在其中流动的孔隙体积之和与岩样总体积的比值。
石油与天然气地质专业英语分类词汇表
目录总类。
41.油气地质勘探总论。
72. 含油气盆地构造学。
73. 含油气盆地沉积学。
114. 油气性质。
145. 油气成因。
156. 油气储集层。
217.油气运移。
228.油气聚集。
259.油气地质勘探。
2710.油气地球化学勘探。
2911.地震地层学。
2912.遥感地质。
3213.实验室分析。
3314.油气资源评价。
3415.地质年代。
16补充17岩性，岩石学总类油气地质勘探petroleum and gas geology and exploration石油地球物理petroleum geophysics地球物理测井geophysical well logging石油工程petroleum engineering钻井工程drilling engineering油气田开发与开采oil-gas field development and exploitation石油炼制petroleum processing石油化工petrochemical processing海洋石油技术offshore oil technique油气集输与储运工程oil and gas gathering-transportation and storage engineering 石油钻采机械与设备petroleum drilling and production equipment油田化学oilfield chemistry油气藏hydrocarbon reservoir油藏oil reservoir气藏gas reservoir商业油气藏(又称工业油气藏)commercial hydrocarbon reservoir油气田oil-gas field油田oil field气田gas field大油气田large oil-gas field特大油气田(又称巨型油气田)giant oil-gas field岩石物性physical properties of rock岩石物理学petrophysics野外方法field method野外装备field equipment石油petroleum天然石油natural oil人造石油artificial oil原油crude oil原油性质oil property石蜡基原油paraffin-base crude [oil]环烷基原油(又称沥青基原油)naphthene- base crude [oil]中间基原油(又称混合基原油)intermediate- base crude [oil]芳香基原油aromatic- base crude [oil]含硫原油sulfur-bearing crude,sour crude拔头原油topped crude重质原油heavy crude [oil]含蜡原油waxy crude [oil]合成原油synthetic crude凝析油condensate,condensed oil原油分析crude oil analysis,crude assay原油评价crude oil evaluation石油颜色oil colour石油密度oil densityAPI度API degree波美度Baumé degree沥青bitumen, asphalt沥青质asphaltene胶质gum熔点melting point倾点pour point凝点freezing point闪点flash point燃点fire point浊点cloud point液化天然气liquified natural gas,LNG天然气natural gas湿气wet gas干气dry gas酸气sour gas净气(又称甜气)sweet gas伴生气associated gas天然气绝对湿度absolute humidity of natural gas 天然气相对湿度relative humidity of natural gas 天然气密度natural gas density天然气溶解度natural gas solubility天然气发热量calorific capacity of natural gas天然气（燃烧）热值heating value of natural gas 凝析气condensate gas烃hydrocarbon轻烃light hydrocarbon烷烃paraffin hydrocarbon, alkane烯烃olefin,alkene环烷烃naphthenic hydrocarbon芳香烃aromatic hydrocarbon,arene含氧化合物oxygen compound含氮化合物nitrogen compound含硫化合物sulfur compound天然气液natural gas liquid,NGL液化石油气liquified petroleum gas,LPG临界点critical point临界状态critical state临界体积critical volume临界温度critical temperature临界压力critical pressure临界凝析温度cri condentherm临界凝析压力cricondenbar露点dew point露点曲线dew point curve烃露点hydrocarbon dew point平衡露点equilibrium dew point泡点bubble point泡点曲线bubble point curve油气系统相图phase diagram of oil-gas system逆蒸发retrograde evaporation反凝析retrograde condensation饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure湍流turbulent flow层流laminar flow牛顿流体Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid塑性流体plastic fluid假塑性流体pseudoplastic fluid幂率流体power law fluid剪切率shear rate屈服值yield value动力粘度dynamic viscoisity绝对粘度absolute viscosity相对粘度relative viscosity视密度observent density双电层(又称偶电层)electrostatic double layer水合作用(又称水化作用)hydration生物降解(作用)biodegradation1.油气地质勘探总论石油天然气地质学geology of oil and gas石油地质学petroleum geology天然气地质学geology of natural gas石油地球化学petroleum geochemistry储层地质学reservoir geology油气田地质学geology of oil and gas field油气田水文地质学hydrogeology of oil and gas field 应用地球物理学applied geophysics油气田勘探exploration of oil and gas地质勘探geological exploration地球物理勘探geophysical exploration地球化学勘探geochemical exploration海上油气勘探offshore petroleum exploration地热勘探geothermal exploration数学地质(学)mathematical geology遥感地质remote-sensing geology实验室分析laboratory analysis油气资源预测assessment of petroleum resources 2. 含油气盆地构造学构造地质学structural geology大地构造学geotectonics板块构造学plate tectonics地球动力学geodynamics地质力学geomechanics构造structure构造作用tectonism地壳运动crustal movement水平运动horizontal movement垂直运动vertical movemen造山运动orogeny造陆运动epeirogeny构造模式structural model构造样式(又称构造风格)structural style 构造类型tectonic type构造格架tectonic framework应力型式stress pattern压(缩)应力compressive stress张应力tensile stress剪应力shear stress挤压作用compression拉张作用extension压扭作用(又称压剪)transpression张扭作用(又称张剪)transtension左旋sinistral rotation,left lateral右旋dextral rotation,right lateral地幔隆起mantal bulge地幔柱mantal plume结晶基地crytalline basement沉积盖层sedimentary cover构造旋回tectonic cycle构造单元tectonic unit地槽geosyncline地台(曾用名陆台)platform克拉通craton准地槽parageosyncline准地台paraplatform地盾shield地块massif地向斜geosyncline地背斜geoanticline台向斜platform syneclise台背斜platform anticlise隆起uplift坳陷（二级构造单元）depression凸起swell,convex凹陷（三级构造单元）sag,concave长垣placanticline褶皱fold斜坡slope阶地terrace构造鼻strctural nose穹窿dome滚动背斜rollover anticline牵引皱褶drag fold披覆褶皱(又称披盖褶皱)drape fold底辟构造(又称刺穿构造)diapiric structure盐丘salt dome刺穿盐丘salt diapir盐构造作用halokinesis断层fault断层生长指数fault growth index同生断层contemporaneous fault,synsedimentary fault,growth fault 正断层normal fault逆断层reverse fault冲断层thrust上冲断层(逆掩断层)overthrust下冲断层underthrust上冲席overthrust sheet走滑断层strike-slip fault转换断层transform fault倾向滑动断层dip-slip fault地堑graben地垒horst半地堑(又称箕状凹陷)half-graben推覆体nappe整合conformity不整合unconformity假整合disconformity块断作用block faulting重力滑动作用gravitational sliding地裂运动taphrogeny板块运动plate movementA型俯冲A-subductionB型俯冲B-subduction俯冲subduction仰冲obduction板块边界plate boundary离散边界divergent boundary会聚边界convergent boundary转换边界trnsform boundary大陆边缘continental margin活动大陆边缘active continental margin被动大陆边缘passive continental margin大陆漂移continental drift板块碰撞plate collision大陆增生continental accretion沟弧盆系trench-arc-basin system弧前盆地fore-arc basin弧后盆地back-arc basin,retroarc basin弧间盆地interarc basin边缘海盆地marginal sea basin坳拉槽盆地aulacogen斜坡盆地slope basin大陆边缘断陷盆地continent-marginal faulted basin 大陆边缘三角洲盆地continental-marginal delta basin 裂谷盆地rift basin内克拉通盆地intracratonic basin周缘前陆盆地peripheral foreland basin弧后前陆盆地retroarc foreland basin破裂前陆盆地broken foreland basin山前坳陷盆地piedmont depression basin复合型盆地composite basin山间盆地intermontaine basin残留大洋盆地remnant ocean basin原始大洋裂谷盆地protoceanic rift basin新生大洋盆地nascent ocean basin深海平原盆地dep-sea plain basin扭张盆地transtensional basin扭压盆地transpressional basin拉分盆地pull-apart basin洋壳型盆地ocean-crust type basin过渡壳型盆地transition-crust type basin陆壳型盆地continental-crust basin多旋回盆地polycyclic basin块断盆地block fault basin地堑盆地graben basin含油气大区petroliferous province含油气盆地petroliferous basin含油气区petroliferous region油气聚集带petroleum accumulation zone盆地分析basin analysis盆地数值模拟basin numerical simulation3. 含油气盆地沉积学沉积学sedimentology沉积物sediment沉积岩sedimentary rock沉积作用sedimentation,deposition沉积分异作用sedimentary differentiation沉积旋回sedimentary cycle,depositional-cycle同生作用syngenesis成岩作用diagenesis成岩阶段diagenetic stage后生作用(又称晚期成岩作用)epigenesist,catagenesis变生作用(曾用名深变作用)metagenesis碎屑岩clastic rock,detrital rock砂岩sandstone粉砂岩siltstone砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia火山碎屑岩pyroclastic rock,volcanoclastic rock碳酸盐岩carbonate rock石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite,dolostone泥灰岩marl粘土岩claystone泥质岩argillite泥岩mudstone页岩shale蒸发岩evaporite盐岩salt rock可燃有机岩caustobiolith沉积中心depocenter沉降中心subsiding center岩相古地理lithofacies palaeogeography沉积环境sedimentary enviroment沉积体系sedimentary system,depositional system沉积相sedimentary facies岩相lithofacies生物相biofacies地球化学相geochemical facies相标志facies marker相模式facies model相分析facies analysis山麓洪积相piedmont pluvial facies碎屑流沉积debris flow deposit泥石流沉积mud-debris flow deposit冲积扇相alluvial fan facies河流相fluvial facies辩状河沉积braided stream deposit曲流河沉积meandering stream deposit网状河沉积anastomosed stream deposit河床滞留沉积channel-lag deposit凸岸坝沉积(又称“点砂坝沉积”、“边滩沉积”)poit bar deposit 心滩沉积mid-channel bar deposit天然堤沉积natural levee deposit决口扇沉积crevasse-splay deposit废弃河道沉积abandoned channel deposit牛轭湖沉积oxbow lake deposit河漫滩沉积(又称洪泛平原沉积)flood-plain deposit 侧向加积lateral accretion垂向加积vertical accretion湖泊相lacustrine facies盐湖相salt-lake facies冰川相glacial facies沙漠相desert facies风成沉积eolian deposit海相marine facies深海相abyssal facies半深海相bathyal facies浅海相neritic facies浅海陆架相neritic shelf facies滨海相littoral facies陆相nonmarine facies,continental facies海岸沙丘coastal dune内陆沙丘interior dune沙漠沙丘desert dune正常浪基面(又称正常浪底)normal wave base风暴浪基面(又称风暴浪底)storm wave base过渡相transition facies三角洲相delta facies扇三角洲相fan-delta facies三角洲平原delta plain,deltaic plain三角洲前缘delta front,deltaic front前三角洲prodelta建设性三角洲constructive delta破坏性三角洲destructive delta河口沙坝river mouth bar远沙坝distal bar指状沙坝finger bar三角洲前缘席状砂delta front sheet sand分流间湾沉积interdistributary bay deposit河口湾沉积estuary deposit澙湖相(又称泻湖相)lagoon facies蒸发岩相evaporite facies潮滩(又称潮坪)tidal flat潮汐通道tidal channel潮汐三角洲todal delta潮上带supratidal zone潮间带intertidal zone潮下带subtidal zone塞卜哈环境Sabkha enviroment浅滩(又称沙洲)shoal海滩beach湖滩beach岸堤bank障壁岛barrier island浊流turbidity current浊积岩turbidite浊积岩相turbidite facies湖底扇sublacustrine fan海底扇submarine fan鲍马序列Bouma sequence碳酸盐台地carbonate platform局限海restricted sea广海(又称开阔海)open sea陆表海epicontinental sea,epeiric sea陆缘海pericontinental sea边缘海margin sea盆地相basin facies深海平原abyssal plain广海陆架相open sea shelf facies台地前缘斜坡相platform foreslope facies生物丘相biohermal facies生物礁相organic reef facies台地边缘浅滩相shoal facies of platform margin 4. 油气性质石油荧光性oil fluorescence石油旋光性oil rotary polarization石油灰分oilash钒-镍比vanadium to nickel ratio,V/Ni游离气free gas溶解气dissolved gas沼气marsh gas泥火山气mud volcano gas惰性气inert gas固体沥青solid bitumen基尔沥青kir高氮沥青algarite地沥青maltha石沥青asphalt硬沥青gilsonite脆沥青grahamite焦性沥青impsonite次石墨graphitoid,schungite地沥青化作用asphaltization碳青质(又称卡宾)carbene高碳青质carboid总烃total hydrocarbon岩屑气cutting gas吸附烃adsorbed hydrocarbon溶解烃dissolved hydrocarbon游离沥青free bitumen束缚沥青fixed bitumen抽提沥青extractable bitumen氯仿沥青chloform bitumen酒精-苯沥青alcohol-benzene bitumen甲醇-丙酮-苯抽提物(简称MAB抽提物)methanol-acetone-benzene extract 分散沥青dispersed bitumen荧光沥青fluorescent bitumen5. 油气成因无机成因论inorganic origin theory碳化物论carbide theory宇宙论universal theory岩浆论magmatic theory(石油)高温成因论pyrogenetic theory蛇纹石化生油论serpontinization theory有机成因论organic origin theory动物论animal theory植物论plant theory动植物混合论animal-plant theory干酪根降解论kerogen degragation theory分散有机质dispersed organic matter前身物precursor腐泥质sapropelic substance腐泥化作用saprofication腐殖质humic substance腐殖酸humic acid腐殖化作用humification干酪根(曾用名油母质、油母)kerogen腐泥型干酪根(又称Ⅰ型干酪根)sapropel-type kerogen, Ⅰ-type kerogen 混合型干酪根(又称Ⅱ型干酪根)mixed-type kerogen, Ⅱ-type kerogen腐殖型干酪根(又称Ⅲ型干酪根)humic-type kerogen, Ⅲ-type kerogen显微组分(曾用名煤素质)maceral壳质组(又称稳定组)exinite,liptinite孢子体sporinite角质体cutinite藻类体alginite树脂体resinite镜质体vitrinite结构镜质体telinite无结构镜质体collinite惰质体inertinite微粒体micrinite菌类体sclerotinite丝质体fusinite半丝质体semifusinite无定形amorphous草质herbaceous木质woody煤质coaly还原环境reducing environment铁还原系数reduced coefficient oh ferrite还原硫reduced sulfur自生矿物authigenic mineral黄铁矿pyrite菱铁矿siderite赤铁矿hematite有机质演化organic matter evolution有机质成岩作用organic matter diagenesis有机质后生作用(曾用名有机质退化作用)organic matter catagenesis 有机质变生作用organic matter metagenesis有机质变质作用organic matter metamorphism生物化学降解作用biochemical degragation碳化作用carbonization生物化学生气阶段biochemical gas-genous stage热催化生油气阶段thermo-catalytic oil-gas-geneous stage热裂解生凝析气阶段thermo-cracking condensate-geneous stage深部高温生气阶段deep pyrometric gas-geneous stage未成熟期immature phase成熟期mature phase过熟期postmature phase生油门限threshold of oil generation液态窗(又称主要生油期)liquid window死亡线death line海相生油marine origin陆相生油nonmarine origin二次生油secondary generation of oil烃源岩(曾用名生油气岩)source bed油源岩(曾用名生油层)oil source bed气源层(曾用名生气层)gas source bed油源层系(曾用名生油层系)oil source bed有效烃源层effective source bed潜在烃源层potential source bed油页岩oil shale生油指标source rock index有机质丰度organic matter abundance有机碳organic carbon耗氧量oxygen consumption成熟作用maturation有机质成熟度organic matter maturity有机变质程度level of organic metamorphism,LOM时间-温度指数time-temperature index,TTI镜质组反射率(符号Ro) vitrinite reflectance定碳比carbon ratio孢粉颜色指数sporopollen color index热变指数thermal alteration index,TAI牙形石色变指数conodont alteration index,CAI碳优势指数carbon preference index,CPI奇偶优势odd-even predominance,OEP正环烃成熟指数normal paraffin maturity index,NPMI环烷烃指数naphthene index,NI芳香烃结构分布指数aromatic structural index,ASI自由基浓度number of free radical电子自旋共振信号electron spin resonance signal,ESR signal 顺磁磁化率paramagnetic susceptibility自旋密度spin density转化率transformation ratio,hydrocarbon-generating ratio沥青系数bitumen coefficient生油率oil-generating ratio生气率gas-generating ratio生油量oil-generating quantity生油潜量potential oil-generating quantity氢碳原子比hydrogen to carbon atomic ratio,H/C氧碳原子比oxygen to carbon ratio,O/C源岩评价仪Rock-Eval氢指数hydrogen index,HI氧指数oxygen index,OI油源对比oil and resource rock correlation气源对比gas and resource rock correlation地球化学化石geochemical fossil指纹化合物fingerprint compound生物标志[化合]物biomarker,biological marker生物构型biological configuration地质构型geological configuration立体异沟化stereoisomerism立体异构体stereoisomer,stereomer甾类steroid甾烷sterane降甾烷norsterane胆甾烷cholestane谷甾烷sitstane豆甾烷stigmastane粪甾烷coprostane麦角甾烷ergostane正常甾烷(规则甾烷)regular sterane重排甾烷rearranged sterane孕甾烷pregnane萜类(又称萜族化合物)terpenoid萜烷terpane三环萜烷tricyclic terpane四环萜烷tetracyclic terpane五环三萜烷pentacyclic triterpane藿烷hopane降藿烷norhopane羽扇烷lupane莫烷moretane降莫烷normoretaneλ蜡烷gammacerane奥利烷oleanane乌散烷ulsane松香烷abietane杜松烷cadinane雪松烷cedarane补身烷drimane海松烷pimarane罗汉松烷podocarpane角鲨烷squalane甾烷—藿烷比steraneto hopane ratio倍半萜sesquiterpene二萜diterpene三萜triterpene多萜polyterpene胡萝卜烷carotane类胡萝卜素carotenoid类异戊二烯isoprenoid类异戊二烯烃isoprenoid hydrocarbon殖烷phytane姥鲛烷pristane姥值比pristane to phytane ratio,Pr/Ph降姥鲛烷norpristane法呢烷farnesane卟啉porphyrin天然气成因类型genetic types of natural gas无机成因气inorganic genetic gas, abiogenetic gas 火山气valcanic gas深源气deep source gas幔源气mantle source gas岩浆岩气magmatic rock gas变质岩气metamorphic rock gas宇宙气universal gas无机盐类分解气decomposition gas of inorganic salt 有机成因气organic genetic gas腐泥型天然气sapropel-type natural gas腐殖型天然气humic-type natural gas腐殖煤型天然气humolith-type natural gas生物气biogenic gas,bacterial gas油型气petroliferous gas煤型气coaliferous gas煤成气coal-genetic gas煤系气coal-measure gas煤层气coal seam gas腐泥型裂解气sapropel-type cracking gas腐殖型裂解气humic-type cracking gas非常规气unconventional gas地热气geothermal gas饱气带aeration zone异丁烷—正丁烷比isobutane to normal butane ratio 正庚烷normal heptane甲基环己烷methylcyclohexane二甲基环戊烷dimethyl cyclopentane庚烷值heptane value甲烷系数methane coefficient干燥系数drying coefficient碳同位素carbon isotope氢同位素hydrogen isotope氧同位素oxygen isotope氦同位素比率helium isotope ratio氩同位素比率argon isotope ratio6. 油气储集层储集岩reservoir rock储集层reservoir bed含油层oil-bearing horizon含油层系oil-bearing sequence碎屑岩类储集层clastic reservoir碳酸盐岩类储集层carbonate reservoir结晶岩类储集层crystalline reservoir泥质岩类储集层argillaceous reservoir孔隙型储集层porous-type reservoir裂隙型储集层fractured reservoir储层连续性reservoir continuity储层非均质性reservoir heterogeneity胶结作用cementation胶结类型cementation type基底胶结basal cement孔隙胶结porous cement接触胶结contact cement杂乱胶结chaotic cement溶解作用dissolution压溶作用pressolution交代作用replacement，metasomatism白云石化作用dolomitization去白云石化作用dedolomitization储集空间reservoir space原生孔隙primary pore次生孔隙secondary pore粒间孔隙inter granular pore粒内孔隙intragranular pore生物骨架孔隙bio skeleton pore生物钻孔孔隙bio boring pore鸟眼孔隙bird’s-eye pore晶间孔隙intercrystalline pore溶孔dissolved pore粒内溶孔intragranular dissolved pore粒间溶孔intergranular dissolved pore印模孔隙(曾用名溶模孔隙)moldic pore溶洞dissolved carvern溶缝dissolved fracture裂缝fracture,fissure构造裂缝structural fracture成岩裂缝diagenetic fracture压溶裂缝pressolutional fracture缝合线stylolite储层性质reservoir property超毛细管空隙super-capillary interstice毛细管空隙capillary interstice微毛细管空隙micro-capillary interstice孔隙度porosity总孔隙度(又称绝对孔隙度)total porosity有效孔隙度effective porosity裂缝密度fracture density裂缝系数fracture coefficient裂缝强度指数fracture intensity index,FII渗透率permeability达西定律Darcy law孔隙pore喉道throat盖层caprock夹层intercalated bed隔层barrier bed,impervious bed压汞资料intrusive mercury data排替压力displacement pressure突破压力breakthrough pressure突破时间breakthrough time生储盖组合source-reservoir-caprock assemblage,SRCA旋回式生储盖组合cyclic SRCA侧变式生储盖组合lateral changed SRCA同生式生储盖组合(又称自生自储式生储盖组合)syngenetic SRCA 7.油气运移初始运移initial migration层内运移internal migration排驱作用expulsion初次运移primary migration二次运移secondary migration侧向运移lateral migration垂向运移vertical migration区域运移regional migration局部运移local migration同期运移synchronous migration后期运移postchronous migration运移方向migration direction运移通道migration pathway运移距离migration distance运移时期migration period输导层carrier bed水相water phase烃相hydrocarbon phase固相solid phase油珠oil droplet连续油相oil-continuous phase气泡gas bubble气相gas phase排烃临界值(又称油气临界释放因子)expulsion threshold value of hydrocarbon,critical release factor of oil and gas 排烃效率expulsion efficient of hydrocarbon有效排烃厚度effective thickness of expulsion hydrocarbon压实[作用]compaction初期压实阶段initial compaction stage稳定压实阶段steady compaction stage突变压实阶段saltatory compaction stage紧密压实阶段close compaction stage欠压实页岩undercompaction shale水热增压作用aquathermal pressuring渗析作用(曾用名渗透作用)osmosis粘土脱水作用clay dehydration结晶水crystalline water层间水interlayer water吸附水adsorbed water结构水textural water甲烷增生作用methane accreting, methane generating地层压力formation pressure上覆岩层压力overburden pressure岩石压力rock pressure孔隙流体压力(又称孔隙压力)pore fluid pressure地静压力geostatic pressure静水压力hydrostatic pressure动水压力(又称水动力)hydrodynamic pressure折算压力reduced pressure总水头(又称水势)total head承压水头pressure head,confined head高程水头elevation head压力系数pressure coefficient供水区recharge area承压区confined area泄水区discharge area含水层aquifer不透水层aquifuge自流水artesian water承压水confined water土壤水soil water潜水phreatic water测压面piezometric surface测势面potentiometric surface静液面static liquid level动液面dynamic liquid level潜水面phreatic water table水力梯度hydraulic gradient势分析potential analysis气势分忻gas potential analysis油势分析oil potential analysis水势分析(又称总水斗分析)water potential analysis 等势面isopotential surface等压面iaopressure surface构造作用力tectonic force浮力buoyancy扩散diffusion异常高压(又称高压)abnormal pressure,overpressure 异常低压subnormal pressure,subpressure地压geopressure地热geotherm,terrestrial heat地热田geothermal field, terrestrial heat field岩石热导率thermal conductivity of rock大地热流值terrestrial heat flow value地热梯度(又称地温梯度)geothermal gradient地热增温级geothermal degree8.油气聚集圈闭trap有效圈闭effective trap隐蔽圈闭subtle trap成岩圈闭diagenetic trap水动力圈闭hydrodynamic trap压力封闭pressure seal重力分异gravitational differentiation差异聚集differential accumulation背斜理论anticline theory集油面积collecting area储油构造(又称含油构造)oil-bearing structure储气构造gas-bearing structure原生油气藏primary hydrocarbon reservoir次生油气藏secondary hydrocarbon reservoir构造油气藏structural hydrocarbon reservoir背斜油气藏anticlinal hydrocarbon reservoir挤压背斜油气藏squeezed anticline hydrocarbon reservoir长垣背斜油气藏placanticline anticline hydrocarbon reservoir底辟背斜油气藏diapir anticline hydrocarbon reservoir滚动背斜油气藏rollover anticline hydrocarbon reservoir披盖背斜油气藏drape anticline hydrocarbon reservoir向斜油气藏synclinal hydrocarbon reservoir断层遮挡油气藏fault-screened hydrocarbon reservoir断块油气藏fault block hydrocarbon reservoir裂缝油气藏fractured hydrocarbon reservoir盐丘遮挡油气藏salt diapir hydrocarbon reservoir泥火山遮挡油气藏mud volcano screened hydrocarbon reservoir岩浆柱遮挡油气藏magmatic plug hydrocarbon reservoir地层油气藏stratigraphic hydrocarbon reservoir地层超覆油气藏stratigraphic onlap hydrocarbon reservoir地层不整合油气藏stratigraphic unconformity hydrocarbon reservoir潜山油气藏buried hill hydrocarbon reservoir基岩油气藏basement hydrocarbon reservoir生物礁块油气藏reef hydrocarbon reservoir,bioherm hydrocarbon reservoir 岩性油气藏lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir岩性尖灭油气藏lithologic pinchout hydrocarbon reservoir岩性透镜体油气藏lithologic lenticular hydrocarbon reservoir古河道油气藏palaeochannel hydrocarbon reservoir古海岸沙洲油气藏palaeooffshore bar hydrocarbon reservoir带状油气藏banded hydrocarbon reservoir层状油气藏stratified stratified hydrocarbon reservoir块状油气藏massive hydrocarbon reservoir不规则状油气藏irregular hydrocarbon reservoir喀斯持油气藏karst hydrocarbon reservoir沥青塞封闭油藏asphalt-sealed oil reservoir饱和油气藏saturated hydrocarbon reservoir凝析气藏condensate gas reservoir背料油气藏参数parameter of anticlinal reservoir圈闭容积trap volume闭合面积closure area闭合度closure溢山点spill point油气藏高度height of hydrocarbon pool, height of hydrocarbon reservoir油柱高度oil column height气柱高度gas column height气顶gas cap边水edge water底水bottom water有效厚度net-pay thickness含油面积oil-bearing area含气面积gas-bearing area纯油带面积area of inner-boundary of oil zone油水过渡带面积area of transitional zone from oil to water含油边界oil boundary含气边界gas boundary含水边界water boundary油水界面water-oil boundary油气界面oil-gas boundary油藏描述reservoir description油藏评价reservoir evaluation,pool evaluation9.油气地质勘探区域勘探regional exploration工业勘探industrial exploration预探priliminary prospecting详探detailed prospecting地质测量geological survey构造地质测量structural geological survey地质剖面geological section构造剖面structural section区域综合大剖面regional comprehensive section,regional composite cross section 区域地层对比regional stratigraphic correlation岩性对比lithological correlation古生物对比palaeontological correlation沉积旋回对比sedimentary cycle correlation重砂矿物对比placer mineral correlation元素对比element correlation古地磁对比paleomagnetic correlation露头outcrop油气显示indication of oil and gas, oil and gas show油气苗oil and gas seepage油苗oil seepage气苗gas seepage沥青苗asphalt seepage沥青湖pitch lake沥青丘pitch mound沥青脉bituminous vein沥青砂(曾用名重油砂、焦油砂)tar sand油砂oil sand泥火山mud volcano地质模型geological model地质模拟geological modelling地下地质subsurface geology取心井coring hole参数井(曾用名基准井)parameter well探井prospecting well,exploratory well预探井(曾用名野猫井)preliminary prospecting well,wildcat发现井discovery well详探井detailed prospecting well探边井delineation well,extension well评价井assessment well,appraisal well,evaluation well开发井development well生产井producing well,producer注水井water injection well, injector注气井gas injection well布井系统well pattern单井设计well design井身结构casing programme固井cementing试井well testing试油testing for oil试采production testing标准层marker bed, key bed, datum bed目的层target stratum地质录井geological logging岩心灵并core logging岩屑录并cutting logging岩屑滞后时间lag time of cutting钻时录井drilling-time logging钻速录井drilling rate logging泥浆录井mud logging荧光录井fluorescent logging井斜平面图drill-hole inclination plan地层对比stratigraphic correlation含油级别oil-bearing grade完井方案completion programme圈闭发现率trap discovery ratio商业油气流commercial oil and gas flow油藏驱动机理(又称油层驱动机理)reservoir drive mechanism 单井产量well production rate年产量annual output, annual yield圈闭勘探成功率trap exploration success ratio储量增长率reserves increase ratio勘探效率exploration efficiency勘探成本exploration cost探井成本cost of prospecting well10.油气地球化学勘探△碳法delta-carbon methodK—V指纹法K-V fingerprint technique吸附烃法absorbed hydrocarbon method气体测量gas survey沥青测量bitumen survey水化学测量hydrochemical survey水文地球化学测量hydrogeochemical survey细菌勘探bacteria prospecting土壤盐测量soil salt suevey地殖物法geobotanical method放射性测量radioactive survey氧化还原电位法oxidation-reduction potential method 11.地震地层学区域地震地层学regional seismic stratigraphy储层地震地层学reservoir seismic stratigraphy层序地层学sequence stratigraphy成因层序地层学genetic sequence stratigraphy年代地层学chronostratigraphy生物地层学biostratigraphy磁性地层学magnetostratigraphy地震岩性学seismic lithology横向预测lateral prediction确定性储层模拟deterministic reservoir modeling随机性储层模拟stochastic reservoir modeling地质统计储层模拟geostatiscal reservoir modeling人机[交互]联作解释interactive interpretation反射终端(又称反射终止)reflection termination整一concordance不整一uncorncordance上超onlap退覆offlap顶超toplap浅水顶超shallow-water toplap深水顶超deep-water toplap湖岸上超coastal onlap深水上超deep-water onlap下超downlap底超baselap削截(曾用名削蚀)truncation视削截(曾用名视削蚀)apparent truncation沉积间断hiatus超层序supersequence层序sequence亚层序subsequence最大洪水界面maximum flooding surface缓慢沉积剖面(又称饥饿剖面)condensed section高水位期highstand period低水伦期lowstand period体系域system tract低水位体系域low system tract,LST海进体系域transgressive system tract,TST高水位体系城high system tract,HST陆架边缘体系域shelf margin system tract,SMST盆底扇basin floor fan斜坡扇slope fan滑塌块体slump block滑塌扇slump fan楔状前积体wedge-prograding complex地震层序seismic sequence地震相seismic facies反射结构reflection configuration前积反射结构progradational reflection configurations形前积结构sigmoid progradation configuration斜交前积结构oblique progradation configuration叠瓦状前积结构shingled progradation configuration帚状前积结构brush progradation configuration杂乱前积结构chaotic progradation configuration前积—退积结构progradation-retrogradation configuration 非前积反射结构nonprogradational reflection configuration 平行结构parallel configuration亚平行结构subparrallel configuration乱岗状结构hummocky configuration波状结构wave configuration扭曲形结构contorted configuration断开结构disrupted configuration发散结构divergent configuration杂乱结构chaotic configuration无反射结构reflection-free configuration反射外形reflection external form席状相sheet facies席状披盖相sheet drape facies楔状相wedged facies丘状相mounded facies滩状相bank facies透镜状相lens facies滑塌相slump facies火山丘相valcanic mound facies充填相filled facies反射连续性reflection continuity振幅amplitude频率frequence极性polarity岩性指数lithologic index砂岩百分含量sandstone percent content偏砂相sand-prone facies偏泥相shale-prone facies地震相单元seismic facies unit地震相分析seismic facies analysis地震相图seismic facies map测井相log facies岩心相core facies钻井—地震相剖面图drill-seismicfacies section沉积环境图depositional environment map成因地层单位genetic stratigraphic unit年代地层单位chrono stratigraphic unit岩电地层单位litho-electric stratigraphic unit等时性isochronism穿时性diachronism远景地区prospect分辨率resolution保持振幅处理preserved amplitude processing地震模型seismic model反演模拟inverse modeling相位phase零相位zero phase薄层thin bed调谐厚度tuning thickness反射强度reflection strength相对速度relative velocity绝对速度absolute velocity油气检测hydrocarbon detection声阻抗差acoustic impedance difference振幅随炮检距变化amplitude versus offset,AVO12.遥感地质地理遥感geographical remote sensing航空遥感aerial remote sensing地球资源技术卫星earth resources technology satellite,ERTS地质卫星geologic satellite海洋卫星Seasat陆地卫星Landsat高级地球资源观测系统Advanced Earth Resources Observation System,AEROS 红外摄影infrared photograph多谱段扫描系统multispectral scanner system多谱段图象multispectral image黑白图象monochrome彩色合成图象color-composite image,color imagery波谱分析spectral analysis地面分辨率ground resolution灰度gray scale几何校正geometric correction波段比值图象band ratio image高分辨率图象high resolution image目标自动识别automatic target recognition地图投影转换map projection transformation矢量化vectorization光栅—矢量转换raster-to vector conversion视觉三色原理trichromatic theory of vision目视判读visual interpretation动态图象分析dynamic image analysis直接解释标志mark of direct interpretation。
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摘要 ：中 国发现的大部分凝析气藏都处 于深埋 藏 、低孔 低渗储 层 ，流体 在该类 储层 条件下 的流动 往往不符 合达 西渗流 ，加上凝析气在开采时复杂 的相变 特征 以及石蜡 等有机 固相 的沉积 ，使 得凝析 气藏在 地下 的渗流动 态尤 为复杂 。在黑油模型的基础上 ，考虑石蜡 沉积 和非达西 渗流效 应 ，建立 了凝析 气藏气一 液一 固三 相渗流数学 模
ＹＡＮＧ ｎ， Ｌ ｉｐ ｎ Ｆａ ＩＺｈ — ｉ ｇ
（ ｈｎ ｎｖｒｔ ｅｓｉ ｃｓ Ｂ ｉｎ ０ ０ ３， ｈｎ ） Ｃ ｉａ Ｕ ｉ ｓｙｏ Ｇ ｏｃ ｎｅ， ｅｉｇ １０ ８ Ｃ ｉ ｅｉ ｆ ｅ ｊ ａ
Ａｂ ｔ ａ ｔ： Ｍｏ ｔｏ ｏ ｄ ｎ ａｅ ｇ ｓｒ ｓ ｒ ｏｒ ｏ ｎ ｎ Ｃｈ ｎ ｒ ｎ ｄ ｅ ｌ ｕ ｉｄ，ｌｗ ｅ ｍｅ ｂ ｌｔ ｎ ｏ ｐ ｒ ｓｔ ｓｒ ｃ ｓ ｆｃ ｎ ｅ ｓ ｔ ａ ｅ ｅ ｖ ｉｓｆ ｕ ｄ ｉ ｉ ａ ａ ｅ ｉ ｅ ｐ ｙ ｂ ｒｅ ｏ ｐ ｒ ａ ｉｉｙ ａ ｄ ｌｗ ｏ ｏ ｉ ｙ ｒ ｓ ｒ ｏｒ ．Ｔｈ ｕ ｄ ｄ ｅ ｏ ｇ ｅ ｔ ｒｙ ｌｗ ｎ ｓ ｃ ｅ ｅ ｏｒ Ｍｏ ｅ ｖ ｒ ｈ ｏ ｌｃ ｔｄ ｐ ａ ｅ ｔａ ｓｔ ｎ ｅ ｅ ｖ ｉｓ ｅ ｆ ｉ ｏ ｓ ｎ ｔａ ｒｅ ｗｉ Ｄａ ｃ ａ ｉ ｕ ｈ ｒ ｓ ｒ ｉ． ｌ ｈ ｖ ｒ ｏ ｅ ，ｔ ｅ ｃ ｍｐ ｉａ ｅ ｈ ｓ ｒ ｎ ｉｉ ｏ ａ ｄ ｐ ｒ ｆ ｎ ｐ ｅ ｉ ｔ ｔ ｎ ｄ ｒｎ ｒ ｄ ｔｏ ｍａ ｔ ｅ ｕｎ ｅ ｇ ｏ ｄ ｆｏ ｏ ｏ ｄ ｎｓ ｔ ａ ｃ ｍｏ ｅ ｃ ｍｐ ｅ ｎ ａ ａ ｒ ｃｐｉ ｉ ｕ ｉ ｇ ｐ ｏ ｕｃｉｎ ｉ ａｏ ｋｅ ｈ ｄ ｒ ｒ ｕｎ ｗ ｆｃ ｎ ｅ ａｅ ｇ ｓ ｍｕ ｈ ｌ ｒ ｏ ｌｘ． Ｂａ ｅ ｎ ｂｌｃ ｉ ｍｏ ｅ ， ｃ ｎ ｉ ｅ ｉ ｇ ｐ ｒｆｉ ｒ ｃｐｉ ｔ ｎ ａ ｎ ｎ— ｒ ｙ ｆ ｗ，ｔ ｅ ｎｕ ｒｃ ｌ ｍｏ ｅ ｆ ｔ ｒ ｅ ｓｄ ｏ ａ ｋ ｏｌ ｄ ｌ ｏ ｓｄ ｒｎ ａ ａｆｎ ｐ ｅ ｉ ｔ ｉ ｎｄ ｏ Ｄａ ｃ ｏ ａｏ ｌ ｈ ｍｅ ｉ ａ ｄ ｌ ｏ ｈ ｅ — ｐ ａ ｅ ｆｕ ｄ ｆｏ ｆ ｒｇ ｓ ｃ ｎ ｅ ｓ ｔ ｅ ｅ ｏｒ ｉ ｒ ｐ ｓ ｄ ｉ ｈ ｓ ｐ ｐ ｒ ａ ｄ ａ ｐ ｏ ｒ ｍ ｓ ｃ ｄ ｄ ｔ ｏ ｖ ｈｅ ｍｏ １ ｈ ｓ ｉ ｗ ｏ ａ ｏ ｄ ｎ ａｅ ｒ ｓ ｒ ｉ ｓ ｐ ｏ ｏ ｅ ｎ ｔ ｉ ａ ｅ ｎ ｒ ｇ ａ ｉ ｏ ｅ ｏ ｓ ｌｅ ｔ ｄｅ ． ｌ ｌ ｖ
中图分类号：Ｔ ３ ９ Ｅ １
文献标识码 ：Ａ
文章编号：１０ — ５ （ ０ ０ ４０ ８ －６ ０ ０３ ４ ２ １ ）０ － ９ ７ ０ ０
ＮＵＭ ＥＲＩ ＣＡＬ Ｉ ＵＬＡＴＩ ＳＭ ｏＮ Ｆ ｏ ＣｏＮＤＥＮＳ ＡＴＥ ＧＡＳ ＲＥＳＥＲＶｏＩ Ｗ Ｉ Ｒ ＴＨ ＴＨＥ ＣｏＮＳ ＤＥＲＡＴＩ Ｉ ｏＮ ｏＦ ＰＡＲＡＦＦＩ ＰＲＥＣＩ ＴＡＴＩ Ｎ ＰＩ ｏＮ
Ｔｈ ｒ ｃｉ ａ ａａ ｏ — ａ ｃ ｎ ｅ ｓ ｔ ａ ｅ ｅ ｏｒ ａ ｅ ｕ ｅ ｏ ａｃ ｌ ｔ ｎ ａ ｄ ｔ ｅ ｒ ｓ ｌｓ ｉ ｄ ｃ ｔ ｈ ｔｔ ｅ ｐ ａ ｔｃ ｌｄ ｔ ｆＫｅ Ｋｅ ｙ ｏ ｄ ｎ ａｅ ｇ ｓ ｒｓ ｒ ｉ ｒ ｓ ｄ ｆｒ ｃ ｌｕ ａ ｉ ｎ ｈ ｅ ｕ ｔ ｎ ｉａ ｅ ｔ ａ ｈｅ ｖ ｏ
型并进行 了数值求解 ，编写 了一套上机应用程 序。根据 柯克亚凝 析气 藏 的实 际数据 计算 ，结 果表 明凝析气 和石
蜡的析出会造成近井地带 的压力急剧 降低 ，凝 析油 的饱 和度呈 “ 区” 分布特 征 ，启动压 力梯度 越大 ，稳产 时 三
间越短 。 关 键 词 ：凝 析 气 ；石 蜡 沉 积 ；多 相 渗 流 ；非 达 西 渗 流 ；数 值 模 拟
ｓ ｐ ｒ ｔｏ ｆｃ ｎ ｅ ｓ ｔ ａ ｎ ｒ ｆ ｎ ｗｉ ｅ ｕ ｔｉ ｈ ｈ ｒ ｅ ｒ ａ ｅ ｏ ｅ ｒｗｅ ｌ ｒ ｒ ｓｕｒ ．Ｔｈ ａ ｕ ａｉ ｎ ｅ ａ ａｉ ｎ ｏ ｏ ｄ ｎ ａｅ ｇ ｓａ ｄ ｐａ ａｆ ｌ ｒ ｓ ｌ ｎ ｔ ｅ ｓ ａ ｐ ｄ ｃ ｅ ｓ ｆｎ ａ ｌ ｉ ｌ ｂｏ ｅ ｐ ｅ ｓ ｅ ｅｓ ｔｒｔ ｏ ｄ ｓｒｂ ｉｎ ｏ ｏ ｄ ｎ ａｅ ０ｌｉ ｅ ｔ ｒ ｄ ｂ “ｔ ｒ ｅ ｓ ｃｉｎｓ ． ｅ ｈｉｈ ｒｔ ｅ ｔ ｒ ｓ ｏ ｄ ｐ ｅ ｓ ｒ ｒ ｄ ｅ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｓ ｉｔｉｕｔ ｆｃ ｎ ｅ ｓ ｔ ｉ ｓ ｆ ａｕ ｅ ｙ ｈ ｅ ｅ ｔｏ ” Ｔｈ ｇ ｅ ｈ ｈ ｅ ｈ ｌ ｒ ｓ ｕ ｅ ｇ ａ ｉ ｎ ，ｔ ｅ ｌｓ ｏ ｐｅｉ ｄ ｏ ｔｂ ｌｚ ｄ ｐ ｏ ｕｃｉｎ ｉ ． ｒｏ ｆｓａ ｉｉｅ ｒ ｄ ｔｏ ｓ
第２ ９卷第 ４期
ＤＯＩ １ ． ９ ９ Ｊ ＩＳ ． ０ ０ ３ ５ ． ０ ０ ０ ． ２ ： ０ ３ ６ ／ ．Ｓ Ｎ １ ０ —７ ４ ２ １ ． ４ ０ ０
考 虑 石 蜡 沉 积 的 凝 析 气 藏 数 值 模 拟
杨 帆 李 治 平
１０ ８ ） ０ ０ ３
（ 中国 地 质 大 学 ，北 京
２１ ０ ０年 ８月
大 庆石 地 质 与开发
Ｐ ｔ ｌｕ ｏｏ ｙ ａ ｄ Ｏｉ ｅｄ Ｄｅ ｅ ｏ ｍｅ ｔｉ ｑ ｎ ｅｒ ｅ ｍ Ｇｅ ｌｇ ｎ ｌ ｌ ｖ ｌｐ ｎ ｎ Ｄａ ｉ ｇ ｏ ｉ ｆ
Ａｕ ．，２ ０ ｇ ０１ Ｖ０ ＿ ９ Ｎｏ ４ ｌ２ ．