2013年考研外语阅读理解第三篇全文翻译

2013年考研外语阅读理解第三篇全文翻译
2013年考研外语阅读理解第三篇全文翻译

2013年考研外语阅读理解第三篇全文翻译

注释:未来总是隐藏在迷雾中,借助已有的知识推测未来贯穿于整个已知的和我可以预见的人类文明史,尤其在工业化和信息化革命大幅度提升人类改造自然的能力并带来相当严重的后果之后,注重实证的西方科学体系甚至产生了过去干脆叫神棍的未来学。人类的未来如何,甚至于人类能否存在到下个世纪甚至下个十年,争议一直不断,但我始终相信一点,在明天,在黑暗之后,太阳照常升起

the sun rises as usual。

我在本文翻译中大量使用了意译,并在后面给出了直译,强烈提示,意译是一种很高的翻译技巧,按照考研判分的标准,如果采用意译,基本可以肯定是要么满分要么零分,如果自己的水平没有足够的把握,绝不要轻易使用。

Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of

fulfillment and opportunity for all.

曾经,人类的未来似乎一片光明(意译,直译为前景辽阔,蒸蒸日上,只是发展各异)。科技的发展必定能治愈顽疾,满足需求,提供契机。

Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.

然而如今梦想已成灰(utopia乌托邦,unfashionable过时的),我们要面对的是更可怕的现实,彗星撞地球、重度流感,甚至气候变更。人类的未来看来一片灰暗(意译,直译为你可能不知不觉地认为人类只有很少可期待的未来)。

But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read:"Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed,adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."

如果你这么认为,那你就错了(意译,直译为这种灰暗放错了地方,gloominess 黑暗,沮丧)。化石资料表明很多物种曾生存百万年之久,凭什么认为人类不能?纵观地球生物史(universe是太空之意,但考虑到地外生命尚无任何可靠证据,还是转译为地球更合适),人类的辉煌不过是近几百年的事情(人类完全具备对抗自然的能力是从工业革命时代开始起的,农耕时代的人类文明可以自保,但开

发利用自然那个时代还称不上,所以我改变了这里的年代的对应译法,译注),较之其他生物的数以万计的生存周期还早着呢。国际自然保护联合会(全名为国际自然与自然资源保护联合会,总部设于瑞士,本文中没有列出全名,也许是因为太长了?)濒危物种红色名录中将智人(现代人的生物学名称,这两个词均为拉丁文,译注)作为最不可能的濒危物种(从后文抽取过来,least concern最不被担心的)列于其上,并配以如下注释,“列入该物种饱受争议,因为该物种完全适应目前地球生存条件,并仍处于持续发展中,尚无任何可能的威胁将导致

该物种数量的大幅减少。”

So what doesour deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .

人类未来何在?已经有越来越多的组织和个人开始认真思考这个问题。这方面最知名的努力之一(flagship project旗舰项目)莫过于美国恒今基金会(美国

学者StewartBrand1994年成立的非政府组织,主旨是思考人类未来,该组织在1999发起了该组织最大的一项活动,用4200万美元建立一座万年钟,放于Texas 州深山里,依靠太阳能运作并对时,这是货真价实的万年钟。额外说一句,提起来就恼火,笔者在1994年买了一个万年钟,可以指示星期日月和阴历,没想到2006年就自动跳回到了1994年,大概生产厂家也没想到它能运作这么久。这个只能运行十二年的万年钟至今仍放在笔者的办公桌上,看看它在保证电力运行的情况下到底能扛多久,顺便也可以当个电子表用。译注)建造的一座精密时钟(medicalclock医疗用时钟,转译为精密时钟,译注),理论上讲,它可以准确

运行上千年。

Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the

near future.

吃饱了撑的?也许(willfully固执任性),不过很有意思的是推测一万年后的

事物往往比推测明天要发生什么容易得多。人类科学的飞跃,及其可能带来的社会影响已经远远超出了预期,后天究竟会发生什么还是让科幻小说家和未来学家们去操心好了(意译,直译为留待科幻小说家和未来学家们去研究将要面对的可能)。这也就是为何要发行面向未来的“彩虹”刊物的原因之一(此处可能不准,

叫Arc的组织和刊物书籍实在太多了)。

But take alonger view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet,and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find

themselves.

不过,总的说来,人类仍然能够在相当的程度上把握未来。毕竟,未来源于过去(意译,直译为开启未来的钥匙在于过去)。而人类对于地球和自身的历史已经有了相当的了解,基于此也完全可以对未来如何做出有一定说服力的预测。

This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.远眺未来,依旧美好(意译,直译为从长远看,对人类未来抱着悲观的声音正在减弱),当然,不可能永远光辉普照(意译,直译为未来不会总是玫瑰色,西方一直用玫瑰色形容光明,可能出自荷马史诗,黎明女神垂着玫瑰色的手指升上了天空,译注)。但我们已知该如何规划未来(意译,直译为我们已知该如何降低威胁自身生存的威胁,并改善可能到来的风险)。

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2018全国3卷英语高考 A Welcome to Holker Ha ll & Gardens Visitor Information ____ By Car: Follow brown signs an A590 from JB6, M6.Approximale travel times: Windermere-20 minutes, Kendal-25 minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester-I hour 30 minutes. By Rail: The nearest stati on is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster Preston for connections to major cities & airports. Opening Times Sunday-Friday (closed on Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm,30 March-2nd November. Admission Charges Hall & Gardens Gardens Adults: £12.00 £8.00 Groups £9 £5.5 Producers: Market 13th April Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas. Holker Garden Festival 30th May The event celebrate its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening. National Garden Day 28th August Holker once again opens is gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide. Winter Market 8th November

2009考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(2)

TEXT 2 He emerged, all of a sudden, in 1957: the most explosive new poetic talent of the English post-war era. Poetry specialised, at that moment, in the wry chronicling of the everyday. The poetry of Yorkshire-born Ted Hughes, first published in a book called “The Hawk in the Rain” when he was 27, was unlike anything written by his immediate predecessors. Driven by an almost Jacobean rhetoric, it had a visionary fervour. Its most eye-catching characteristic was Hughes's ability to get beneath the skins of animals: foxes, otters, pigs. These animals were the real thing all right, but they were also armorial devices—symbols of the countryside and lifeblood of the earth in which they were rooted. It gave his work a raw, primal stink. It was not only England that thought so either. Hughes's book was also published in America, where it won the Galbraith prize, a major literary award. But then, in 1963, Sylvia Plath, a young American poet whom he had first met at Cambridge University in 1956, and who became his wife in the summer of that year, committed suicide. Hughes was vilified for long after that, especially by feminists in America. In 1998, the year he died, Hughes broke his own self-imposed public silence about their relationship in a book of loose-weave poe ms called “Birthday Letters”.In this new and exhilarating collection of real letters, Hughes returns to the issue of his first wife's death, which he calls his “big and unmanageable event”. He felt his talent muffled by the perpetual eavesdropping upon his every move. Not until he decided to publish his own account of their relationship did the burden begin to lighten. The analysis is raw, pained and ruthlessly self-aware. For all the moral torment, the writing itself has the same rush and vigour that possessed Hughes's early poetry.

2013-考研英语二文章翻译

完型 鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。然而,真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。事实上,这样的预测已经出现二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。例如,1975年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的定义”,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。为何人们进入无现金社会的速度如此缓慢呢? 尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加高效,然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因。第一,使电子货币成为最主要的支付方式必须的设备包括电脑、读卡器和电信网络,而安装这些设备价格昂贵。第二,纸质支票有提供收据这一优势,这是消费者不愿放弃的。第三,使用纸质支票可以让开票人多几天让钱“悬浮”在帐户里,对方得花上几天才能凭支票取现,这也就是意味着开票方又多赚了几天利息钱。而由于电子支票是即时的,因此也就没有这种优势。第四,电子支付方式还有可能存在安全和隐私隐患。 我们曾多次听到媒体报道说某个非法黑客入侵了用户的数据库并且篡改了里面的信息。这种情况时有发生,这也意味着别有用心之人可能侵入电子支付系统,盗取别人的银行帐号而盗款成功。要防止这类诈骗并非易事,正在研发新的电脑科学领域来处理该类安全问题。此外,人们对于电子支付方式的担忧在于进行电子交易之后所留下的包含个人信息的痕迹。人们担心政府部门,雇员和市场营销人员会看到这些数据,侵犯个人隐私。 Text1 在一篇名为(entitled)《成功(make it)在美国》的文章中,作者亚当·戴维森讲述(relate)了这样一个源自棉花出产国的笑话,笑话是关于现代纺织(textile)作坊(mill)已高度自动化(automate):现如今,一家普通作坊里只有两名员工,“一个人和一条狗,人在作坊里是为了喂狗,狗在作坊里是为了使人远离(away from)机器。”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reaso n we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution,which a re more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.最近出现了很多(a number of)类似戴维森所写的文章,它们都表明了这样一种看法(make a point):之所以失业人数(unemployment)居高难下(stubbornly high)和中产阶级(middle-class)收入(income)持续下降,原因是全球化与信息技术革命已经取得了诸多进步,它们使得机器和国外员工在取代(replace..with)本国劳动力(labor)方面比以往任何时候都要迅速。 以往,具有一般技术、从事一般工作的员工可以赚得(earn)普通的生活。但现如今,普通人才正式地过时了(officially)。继续普通无法再让你过上以前的生活,其原因是当下更多的雇主可以用(have access to)比普通还要低廉的价格,来雇佣国外员工,购买机器人(robotics)和软件(software),实现自动化(automation),获得天才(genus)。因此,每个人都需要挖掘身上额外的东西-来让他们做出独特的、有价值的贡献,这种贡献会让他们脱颖而出(stand out),不管他们身处什么工作领域(field of employment)。 确实,新科技在过去、现在和将来都在“吞噬”工作岗位,但这种“吞噬”速度已经提高了。正如戴维森所指出(note):“(美国)工厂裁员(shed workers)速度是如此之快,以至于从1999到2009十年间裁员人数超过了之前70年新增员工人数的总和;大约有1/3的制造业工作岗位——总约600万——消失了。 未来,改变会一直存在——新工作、新产品和新服务。但我们肯定(know for sure)的一件事情是:随着全球化和信息技术革命所取得的每一个进步,那些最好的工作都将需要劳动者们接受更多、更好的教育,以使他们优于普通员工。 生活在普通人才已正式过时的世界中,我们有很多的事情需要做来扶持就业(employment),但其中最重要的是为21世纪通过某种“士兵教育促就业法案(于1944年通

考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc

年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc

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Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the u nconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯,我们的大脑是自动运转的,轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择,而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”,这是威廉?华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)19世纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪,甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。因此,在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯,似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现,当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候,我们创建了平行路径,甚至是全新的脑细胞,可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但是,不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯;一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑,它们就会留在那里。相反,我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Th inking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possib ilities.”

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—工学类

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—工学 类 Passage 18 Tennis hopeful Jamie Hunt, 16, felt he could not become a world-class junior player while attending a regular school. The international circuit has players on the road 50% of the time--and it's hard to focus on your backhand when you're worrying about being on time for homeroom. So last year Hunt, who hones his ground strokes at Elite TNT Tennis Academy in April Sound, Texas, enrolled for academics in the $9,750-a-year University of Miami Online High School (UMOHS), a virtual school that caters to athletes. "The online school gives me the flexibility I need," says Hunt. "The workload is the same, but I can do it anywhere. It's nicer to ask a question face-to-face with a teacher, but in some ways it prepares me better for college because I have to be more independent." A year ago, Hunt's world junior ranking was 886; now it's 108. Virtual high schools, which allow students to take classes via PC, have emerged as an increasingly popular education alternative, particularly for on-the-go athletes. UMOHS has more than 400 students enrolled, 65% of whom are athletes. Accredited by the 100-year-old Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, UMOHS offers honors and advanced-placement classes. All course material is online, along with assignments and due dates. For help, says principal Howard Liebman, "a student may e-mail, instant message or call the teacher." Dallas mom Lori Bannon turned to another online school, Laurel Springs in Ojai, Calif. Bannon, who has a medical degree from Harvard, didn't want to compromise the education of her daughter Lindsay, 13, an élite gymnast who spends eight hours a day in the gym. "Regular school was not an option," says Bannon, "but I wanted to make sure she could go back at grade level if she quit gymnastics." Laurel Springs' enrollment has increased 35% a year for the past four years, to 1,800 students. At least 25% are either athletes or child entertainers. Educators are split on the merits of such schools. Paul Orehovec, an enrollment officer for the University of Miami, admits, "I was somewhat of a skeptic. But when I looked into their programs and accreditation, I was excited. UMOHS is the first online school to be granted membership in the National Honor Society." Kevin Roy, Elite's director of education, sees pitfalls and potential in virtual schools. "You will never have that wonderful teacher who inspires you for life," says Roy. "But the virtual school offers endless possibilities. I don't know where education's imagination will take this." 注(1):本文选自Time;11/29/2004, p149-149, 1/2p, 1c; 注(2):本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 4第1、2题(1、2),text 1 第2 题(3),text 3第5 题(5)和2000年真题text 4第4题(4); 1. What does Jamie Hunt get from the virtual school? [A] the ability to perfect his tennis skills [B] the time to do his school work

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