The United Kingdom
英国概况之政府
The Parliament
• The Dispute over the Power of King VS Parliament • 1). James I/ Charles I/ Charles II / James II tried to
govern without the consent of parliament
精品资料
• The system of parliamentary government is not based on a written constitution. The British constitution is not set out in any single document. It is made up of statute law, common law and conventions. The Judiciary determines common law and interprets statutes.
• 3)Parliament passed the Bill of Rights in 1689, which
ensured that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.
精品资料
functions: passes laws voting for taxation scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to
Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats
精品资料
Queen Elizabeth II
the title: Elizabeth II, her title in the United Kingdom is “Elizabeth
英语国家概况 Chapter 1
The United Kingdom——The Land
Location and Size
William Shakespeare
• • • An English poet and playwright The greatest writer in the English language The world's preeminent dramatist
The Name of the Country
1. What are the different names of the country? 2. What is the difference between UK, England and Great Britain? 3. What separate nations make up the country?
2. What are the neighboring countries of
the country?
3. What is the size of the country?
4. What is the importance of UK in the
world?
The United Kingdom——The Land
The United Kingdom——The Land
5. Norway 6. Belgium 7. The Irish Republic 8. Iceland
Location and Size
3. What is the size of the country?
• • • • •
Rather small, 242,514 square kilometers Less than 2% of the land of the world 75th in size among countries South—north (966 km) East—west (483 km)
英美文化 - 解释术语
1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The United Kingdom is that part of the British Isles ruled over by the Queen. It consists of Scotland, Wales and England, and also the Northern part of Ireland. The full title of the United Kingdom is therefore “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”.2. highland zoneThe highland zone is an area of high hills and mountains in the north and west. And the highest elevations in the Britain Isles are in the highland zone. The highland zone is cooler than the lowland zone, and receives more rainfall and less sunlight. 3. lowland zoneThe lowland zone in the south and east of Britain consists mostly of rolling plains with a gentle, undulating surface and extensive areas of almost-level ground. It receives less rain and more sunshine than the highland zone and much of the soil in the zone is fertile. Most of Britain’s population lives densely packed into the lowland zone, which covers most of England. The metropolis of London and most of Britain’s large cities are located in the lowland zone.4. Pennine ChainThe Pennine Chain is the backbone of England. It is a massive upland area extending 260km north to south, starting at the Cheviot Hills on England’s border with Scotland and ending it the Midlands of central England. It is made up of several broad, rolling, windswept moorlands separated by deep river valleys. Many of England’s major industrial areas lie on the flanks of the Pennine Chain, where there are many coalfields.5. ThamesThe Thames is the second longest river in Britain. It is 338km long, and flows eastward out of the Cotswold Hills and weaves through the metropolis of London. The Thames provides water to the city of London and is used to carry commercial freight.1. The Church of EnglandIt is the established church of the English nation, with the king or queen as the head of the Church and being crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury in Westminster.2. Free ChurchesThey are Protestant churches outside the Church of England, including Baptists, the United Reformed Church, Quakers and Methodists. They suffered religious and political persecution in the 17th century, and were excluded from many offices and places, until the early 19th century. They were once called “dissenters” and “non-conformists”, now they are called members of Free Churches.3. EasterIt is a Christian festival, kept on the first Sunday after the first full moon of the vernal equinox, commemorating Christ’s resurrection. Parents usually color hard-boiled eggs before Easter. Late Saturday night or early Sunday morning the eggs are hidden, and the children have an Easter egg. Little children believe the Easter rabbit comes and leaves the eggs for them.4. Westminster AbbeyIt is an ancient church where kings and queens are crowned and where, particularly in Poets’ Corner, many famous men and women are buried.5. ReformationIt began as a political movement as much as religious one: when the Pope would not let Henry VIII divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, Henry declared himself head of the English Church and dissolved the monasteries. Protestantism, of a Calvinist type, was introduced under Edward VI, Mary I brought a Catholic reaction, but with Elizabeth I the Church of England was established on a moderate Protestant basis.1. William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare(1564-1616):English playwright and poet, whose body of works is considered as the greatest in English literature. His plays, many of which were performed at the Globe Theater in London, include historical works, comedies and tragedies. He also composed 154 sonnets and 36 plays.2. Sir Francis BaconSir Francis Bacon(1561-1626): English philosopher,essayist, courtier, jurist, and statesman. His writings include The Advancement of Learning (1605) and The Novum Organum(1620),in which he proposed a theory of scientific knowledge based on observation and experimentation that came to be known as the inductive method.3. Gunpowder PlotGunpowder Plot: Conspiracy of a group of English Catholics to blow up the Houses of Parliament where King James I was present on 5 November is celebrated with bonfires, fireworks and the burning of the effigies. 4. Great Fire of LondonGreat Fire of London(2-5 September, 1666):Worst fire in London’s history. It destroyed a large part of the city, including most of the civ ic buildings, St. Paul’s Cathedral, 87 parish churches, and about 13,000 houses. It began accidentally at the house of the king’s baker in Pudding Lane near London Bridge.5. Suez Canal CrisisSuez Canal Crisis: A major international incident that arose in 1956 from the decision by Gamal A. Nasser, President of Egypt, to nationalize the Suez Canal, which long had been controlled by Great Britain. After Nasser took over the canal, Britain and France induced Israel to provoke a conflict with Egypt that would serve as a pretext for an Anglo-French invasion of Egypt. The United States, which had been excluded from the planned invasion, denounced it. The incident severely damaged Anglo-American relations.6. John MajorJohn Major(1943- ):British banker and conservative politician, who served as Prime Minister from 1990 to 1997. During his administration, he advocated privatisation, anti-inflationary budget discipline, and negotiations for peace in Northern Ireland.1. PresbyterianPresbyterian: a member of a branch of the christian Protestant Church that is the national Church of Scotland.2. EpiscopalEpiscopal: (of a Christian Church) that is governed by bishops.3. AnglicanAnglican: a member of the Church of England or of a Church connected with it in another country.4. KirkKirk: a name often used for the official Church of Scotland.5. diocesediocese: a district for which a bishop is responsible.6. secularismsecularism: the belief that religion should not be involved in the organization of society, education, etc.7. Non-conformistNon-conformist: a member of a Protestant Church that does not follow the beliefs and practices of the Anglican Church.1. Britain’s relative declineThe UK has experienced an economic decline since 1945. But this is a relative decline rather than an absolute one. Britain is wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945, but since other countries developed more rapidly, it has slid from being the second largest economy to being the sixth.2. Privatization in the 1980sThe British economy went through a particularly bad period in the 1970s, with high rates of inflation and devaluation of the Pound. Therefore, in the 1980s, when the Conservative Party under Margaret Thatcher was in power, an extensive programme of privatisation was carried out. Many state-owned businesses (such as steel, telecom, gas, aerospace) were turned into private companies. Privatisation was successful in controlling inflation but at the same time unemployment rate increased rapidly.3. The City“The City”refers to the historic area at the centre of London. It is one of the biggest financial centres in the world with the greatest concentration of banks, insurance companies and businesses dealing in commodities. At the heart of the city is the London Stock Exchange.4. Britain’s aerospace industryThe UK’s aerospace industry is the third-largest in the world, producing the full range of aerospace products from civil and military aircrafts to missiles, satellites ad jet engines. It produces 2% of the UK national output, accounting for 8% of manufactured export goods.。
u4 课文翻译
WHAT’S IN A NAME?名字意味着什么？The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any? Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.联合王国、大不列颠、不列颠、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名字的含义感到困惑。
如果有区别的话，那么它们之间有什么区别？稍微了解一下英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”,which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.在16世纪，附近的威尔士与英格兰王国联合了起来。
英语国家概况之英国地理
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandThe Union Flag - the flag of the United Kingdom (UK)The Union Flag, popularly known as the *Union Jack, is the national flag of the United Kingdom. It is the British flag.It is called the Union Flag because it symbolises the administrative union of the countries of the United Kingdom. It is made up up of the individual Flags of three of the Kingdom's countries all united under one Sovereign - the countries of 'England, of 'Scotland'and of 'Northern Ireland' (since 1921 only Northern Ireland has been part of the United Kingdom). As Wales was not a Kingdom but a Principality it could not be included on the flag.St George – EnglandThe National Flag of EnglandIn 1194 A.D., Richard I of England introduced the Cross of St. George, a red cross on a white ground, as the National Flag of England.In 1536, under Henry VIII, an Act of Union was passed making Wales, in effect a province of England.St Andrew – ScotlandThe National Flag of Scotlanda diagonal white cross form (called a saltire) on a blue field After Queen Elizabeth I of England died in 1603, King James VI of Scotland inherited the English throne and became King James I of England. It was a Union of the Crowns, but not yet of the nations. Each country still kept their own parliaments.Early in his reign James attempted to combine England and Scotland in a united kingdom of 'Great Britain'. This was the policy he presented to his first Parliament, called on 22 March 1604. The union was resisted.James defied them. On 20 October 1604 he proclaimed a new title for himself as 'King of Great Britain'.On 12 April 1606, the National Flags of Scotland and England were united for use at sea, thus making the first Union 'Jack'. Ashore however, the oldflags of England and Scotland continued to be used by their respective countries.A royal decree declared that the ships of the Kingdom of Great Britain "shall bear on their maintops the red cross, commonly called St. George's cross, and the white cross, commonly called St. Andrew's cross ."+The first Union Flag (1606)When the red cross of England was put onto the flag of Scotland, a white border was added around the red cross for reasons of heraldry. (The rules of heraldry demanded that two colours must never touch each other.)On 28th July, 1707, during the reign of Queen Anne, this flag was by royal proclamation made the National flag of Great Britain, for use ashore and afloat.The Act of Union of 1707, joined England and Scotland together, creating a single kingdom with a single Parliament called 'United Kingdom of Great Britain'.England Wales and Scotland were now united together under one monarch and one parliament.Northern Ireland - St Patrick(a diagonal red cross on a white background.)On 1 January 1801, Ireland was united with Great Britain and it became necessary to have a new National Flag in which Ireland was represented. The cross St Patrick was combined with the Union Flag of St George and St Andrew, to create the Union Flag that has been flown ever since.+The cross of St. Patrick was inserted so the position given to St. Andrew's Cross in one quarter was the same as that given to the Irish one in the diagonally opposite quarter; in heraldry this is known as "counterchanging"The Union Flag with the St. George's Cross removed showing how the saltires (diagonal crosses) arecounterchanged.The 'new' British flag is not symmetrical because of the counterchange. As Scotland joined the Union nearly two hundred years before Ireland, St Andrew's Cross was placed uppermost in the top quarter nearest the flagstaff, this being the most honourable position according to heraldry, while the Irish Cross was given the second most honourable position, thetop quarter of the fly.In order to avoid having the red of the Irish Cross directly upon the blue field of the Scottish one an edging of the white field of the Irish Cross is used.The symbols of Scotland and Ireland are placed sided by side on the Union Flag.NB. The St. Patrick's Cross remains in the flag even though today only Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom.To summarize...The formation of the Union Flag (Union Jack) came about as the result of the progressive merging of the inhabitants of the British Isles under one throne.1603 - King James VI of Scotland inherited the English throne and became King James I of England.1606 - the National Flags of Scotland and England were united for use at sea, thus making the first Union FlagThe first Union Flag (1606)1707 - during the reign of Queen Anne, the first Union Flag was by royal proclamation made the National flag of Great Britain, for use ashore and afloat.1801 - Ireland was united with Great Britain and the present Union Flag was formed.The Union Flag consists of the three heraldic crosses of St George, St Andrew and St Patrick.God Save the Queen 1God save our gracious Queen,1Long live our noble Queen,God save the Queen:Send her victorious,Happy and glorious,Long to reign over us:God save the Queen.2O Lord, our God, arise,Scatter her enemies,And make them fall.Confound their politics,Frustrate their knavish tricks,On Thee our hopes we fix,God save us all.3Thy choicest gifts in store,On her be pleased to pour;Long may she reign:May she defend our laws,And ever give us causeTo sing with heart and voiceRoyal coat of armsMotto"Dieu et mon droit"[12](French)"God and my right"LocationPopulation- mid-2006 estimate 60,587,300[1] (22nd) - 2001 census 58,789,194[16] GDP (PPP) 2006 estimate- Total $2.375 trillion (6th) - Per capita$35,051 (11th)The Longest Rivers in the UK2River Country Length(miles)(km) 1River Severn Wales and England 220354 2River Thames England215346 3River Trent England185297 4River Aire, Yorkshire England161259 5River Great Ouse, East Anglia England143230/article/sort0349/sort0351/info-20355.html。
英语国家概况(1)课程第1次形成性考核答案与讲评
英语国家概况（1）课程形成性考核题英语国家概况（1）课程第1次形成性考核答案与讲评（Unit 01-05）The United Kingdom (I)I. T rue or False:Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom I(T) 01. Britain is no longer an imperial country. (Unit 1)(T) 02. The stereotype of the English gentleman never applied the majority of the British people.(Unit 1)(T) 03. When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes.(Unit 1)(F) 04. Scotland was once conquered by the Romans. (Unit 1)Scotland was never conquered by the Romans. (T)(F) 05. Cardiff, the capital of Scotland, is a large city. (Unit 1)Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city. (T)(F) 06. The title of Prince of Wales is held by a Welsh to tradition. (Unit 1)The title of Prince of Wales is held by the King’s or Queen’s eldest son. (T)Unit 2 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom II(T) 07. “Ulster”, referring to Northern Island, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom. (Unit 2)(F) 08. The Majority of Irish people were descendants of the original Celtic people who inhabitedBritish Isles before the English arrived 2000 years ago. (Unit 2)The Majority of Irish people were descendants of the original Celtic people who inhabited British Isles before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago. (T)(F) 09. Most British people are Catholics while most Irish people are Protestants. (Unit 2)Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics. (T)(F) 10. Sinn Fein is an illegal political party in Northern Ireland now. (Unit 2)Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland now. (T)(T) 11. The Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985 guaranteed the loyalist Protestant community their right to decide their future in Northern Island. (Unit 2)(T) 12. The Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April 1988. (Unit 2)Unit 3 The Government of the United Kingdom(F) 13. In Britain, the process of state-building has been a revolution rather than an evolution, incontrast to that of France. (Unit 3)In Britain, the process of state-building has been an evolution rather than a revolution, in contrast to that of France. (T)(T) 14. The oldest institution of government in Britain is the Monarchy. (Unit 3)(F) 15. James I was executed in the civil war of Britain. (Unit 3)Charles I was executed in the civil war of Britain. (T)(T) 16. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. (Unit 3)(F) 17. Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Prime Minister appoints theCabinet. (Unit 3)Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. (T)(T) 18. Common laws are laws which have been established through common practice in the courts. (Unit 3)Unit 4 Politics, Class and Race(T) 19. In the UK, a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstances. (Unit 4)(T) 20. Anyone who is eligible to vote with 500 pounds as deposit can stand as an MP. (Unit 4) (F) 21. The amount of spent in national campaign is not limited as well as that on TV. (Unit 4)The amount of spent in national campaign is not limited other than that on TV. (T)(T) 22. Children from upper-middle class usually have a better education than those from the working class or middle class. (Unit 4)(F) 23. The majority of middle-class people today have upper-class parents or grandparents. (Unit4)The majority of middle-class people today have working-class parents or grandparents. (T) (F) 24. Most immigrants earn a living by opening restaurants or becoming writers or musicians.(Unit 4)Some immigrants earn a living by opening restaurants or becoming writers or musicians.(T)Unit 5 The UK Economy(T) 25. By the 1880s, the British economy was dominant in the world. (Unit 5)(F) 26. Both the U.S. and Canada overtook Britain in economy by 1900. (Unit 5)Only the U.S. overtook Britain in economy by 1900. (T)(T) 27. Another reason for British decline is the loss of its colonies, especially India, which gained its independence in 1947. (Unit 5)(T) 28. In the 1970s, with the soaring price of oil and high rate of inflation, Britain went through a bad period. (Unit 5)(F) 29. The secondary industry produces approximately two-thirds of the national wealth. (Unit 5)The tertiary industry produces approximately two-thirds of the national wealth. (T)(T) 30. The service industry in the UK employs 70% of the total work force. (Unit 5)II. Choose the best answer:Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom I01. Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London? (Unit 1) Key DA. The cultural centre.B. The business centre.C. The financial centre.D. The football centre.02. Which of the following is NOT true about the characteristic of Britain? (Unit 1) Key BA. Economic differences between north and south.B. Difference of social systems between Scotland and Wales.C. Class differences between a white-collar worker and a blue-collar worker.D. Cultural differences between immigrants and the British.03. Which of the following can NOT be found in London? (Unit 1) Key AA. Teahouses.B. Art galleries.C. Museums.D. Theatres.04. Which is the largest city in Scotland? (Unit 1) Key CA. Cardiff.B. Edinburgh.C. Glasgow.D. Manchester.05. Which of the following statements is NOT true? (Unit 1) Key BA. Wales was invaded by the Romans.B. Wales was occupied by the Anglo-Saxons.C. Wales was conquered by the Normans.D. Wales was threatened by the English.06. When did Scotland join the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliament?(Unit 1) Key BA. In 1688.B. In 1707.C. In 1715.D. In 1745.Unit 2 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom II07. In the 17th century, the English government encouraged people from Scotland and NorthernEngland to emigrate to the north of Ireland because ______. (Unit 2) Key AA. they wanted to increase its control over IrelandB. they had too many people and didn’t have enough space for them to live in BritainC. they intended to expand their investmentD. they believed that Ireland was the best place for them08. Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world for______. (Unit 2) Key DA. its most famous landmark, the “Giant’s Causeway”B. its rich cultural lifeC. its low living standardD. its endless political problems09. Faced with conflicting demands, the British government chose a compromise and organised apartition of Ireland in 1921 because ______. (Unit 2) Key BA. the British government wouldn’t be able to control Ireland any longer by forceB. the British government intended to satisfy both sides—Catholics and ProtestantsC. Catholics in Ireland demanded a partition of IrelandD. Protestants welcomed the idea of partition10. Why did the British government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with “direct-rule”from London? (Unit 2) Key DA. The power-sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.B. The Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the power effectively.C. The Power-sharing policy couldn’t be carried out.D. All the above.11. Which of the following agreements is accepted by both Catholics and Protestants in NorthernIreland? (Unit 2) Key CA. The Anglo-Irish AgreementB. The Belfast AgreementC. The Good Friday AgreementD. The Multi-Party Agreement12. According to the Good Friday Agreement, Northern Ireland today should be governed by thefollowing jurisdictions except ______. (Unit 2) Key BA. the jurisdiction of the Republic of IrelandB. the jurisdiction of loyalist ministersC. the jurisdiction of Great BritainD. the jurisdiction of Northern IrelandUnit 3 The Government of the United Kingdom13. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government? (Unit 3) Key AA. It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B. It is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C. It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D. It has no written form of Constitution.14. What happened in 1215? (Unit 3) Key BA. It was the year of Norman Conquest in British history.B. Forced by barons, King John signed the Magna Carta.C. Henry IV granted the Commons the power to review money grants.D. King Egbert united England under his rule.15. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed? (Unit 3) Key BA. James II.B. William of Orange.C. Oliver Cromwell.D. George I.16. Which of the following in NOT related to the Constitution? (Unit 3) Key AA. It is a written document which lists out the basic principles for government.B. It is the foundation of British government today.C. Conventions and laws passed by Parliament are part of the Constitution.D. The common laws are part of the constitution.17. Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen’s role? (Unit 3) Key AA. The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B. The Queen symbolises the tradition and unity of the United Kingdom.C. The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.D. The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.18. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the House of Lords? (Unit 3) Key CA. Lords do not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament sittings.B. It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.C. The lords are expected to represent the interests of the public.D. Most of the lords in the House of Lords are males.Unit 4 Politics, Class and Race19. Which group of people cannot vote in the General Election? (Unit 4) Key BA. Members in the House of Commons.B. Lords in the House of Lords.C. The UK citizens above the age of 18.D. The UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic.20. By whom is a “vote of no confidence” decided? (Unit 4) Key AA. The House of Commons.B. The House of Lords.C. The two major parties.D. The Prime Minister.21. Which of the following is NOT true about the electoral campaign? (Unit 4) Key AA. Big parties can buy time to broadcast their policies on the television.B. There is a limit on the amount of money candidates can spend in their campaign.C. Candidates and their supporters go door-to-door persuading voters to vote for them.D. Candidates criticise each other’s policies to show how good their policies are.22. How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order to win theelection? (Unit 4) Key AA. 326B. 351C. 626D. 65023. Which of the following statements is NOT true about class system in the UK? (Unit 4)Key BA. People of different classes tend to read different kinds of newspapers.B. Class division is only decided by people’s income.C. Though social advancement is possible, class affects a person’s life chances.D. The way people speak may identify them as belonging to a particular class.24. Which of the following is NOT an effect of immigration on British society? (Unit 4)Key BA. There is now a varied cuisine for people to choose from.B. Class tension has increased.C. New forms of popular music have emerged.D. Different religious beliefs have been practices actively.Unit 5 The UK Economy25. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the UK economy? (Unit 5) Key CA. Britain remained one of the Group of Seven large industrial economies.B. Britain has experienced a relative economic decline since 1945.C. There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards.D. Some smaller economies have overtaken the UK in terms of output per capita.26. Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK? (Unit 5) Key DA. Beef cattle.B. Dairy cattle.C. Chicken.D. Sheep.27. Where is the best agricultural land in Britain? (Unit 5) Key AA. In the southeast of England.B. In the northeast of England.C. In the southeast of Scotland.D. In the northeast of Scotland.28. In the aerospace industry, which two countries are ahead of Britain? (Unit 5) Key BA. The U.S. and Germany.B. The U.S. and Russia.C. Germany and Russia.D. France and Germany.29. Which civil airline was started in 1924 after the First World War? (Unit 5) Key AA. Imperial Airways.B. British Airways.C. Hawker-Siddeley Corporation.D. The British Aircraft Corporation.30. Which of the following two companies merged into British Aerospace? (Unit 5) Key AA. The British Aircraft Corporation and Hawker-Siddeley A viationB. The British Aircraft Corporation and Rolls Royce.C. Hawker-Siddeley A viation and GEC A vionics.D. Hawker-Siddeley A viation and Rolls Royce.III. E xplain the following terms:Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom I01. Anglo-Saxons (Unit 1)They were two groups of Germanic people who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.02. King Harold (Unit 1)He was the Saxon King whose army was defeated in the Battle of Hastings in 1066, when William the Conqueror invaded England from France.Unit 2 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom II03. The Provisional IRA (Unit 2)In 1919, a group calling itself the IRA (Irish Republic Army) expanded fighting for the Irishfreedom and independence. The Provisional IRA is the radical faction of the IRA. They prefer the use of force and believe that armed force is the only way to get the British out and to have a unified Ireland.04. The Good Friday Agreement (Unit 2)As a result of multi-party negotiation, the Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April, 1998. This agreement assures the loyalist community that Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom and it won’t change its political status unless the majority of the people of Northern Ireland agree. Under the terms of agreement, Northern Ireland should be governed by three separate jurisdictions: that of the Republic of Ireland, that of Great Britain and that of its own elected executive government of ten ministers.Unit 3 The Government of the United Kingdom05. The Bill of Rights of 1689 (Unit 3)In 1688, King James II’s daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politicians and church authorities to take the throne, on condition that they would respect the rights of Parliament. The Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.06. The functions of Parliament (Unit 3)The functions of Parliament are: to pass laws, to vote for taxation, to scrutinise government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day.07. The House of Lords (Unit 3)The house of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual, who are the Archbishops and most prominent bishops of the Church of England, and the Lords Temporal, which refers to those lords who either have inherited the seat from their forefathers or they have been appointed. The lords mainly represent themselves instead of the interests of the public.08. The House of Commons (Unit 3)The House of Commons is the real centre of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Election and should represent the interest of the people who vote for them.Unit 4 Politics, Class and Race09. The importance of general elections (Unit 4)General elections are very important in western democracy. According to Unit 4, they provide opportunities for people to influence future government policies and to replace those incompetent political leaders.10. The formation of the British government (Unit 4)Before a general election, the political parties would start their electoral campaign in order to make their ideologies and policies known to the public. The campaign involves advertisements in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning, postal deliveries of leaflets and “party electoral broadcasts” on the television. The parties also try to attack and criticise the opponents’ policies. Therefore, these campaigns sometimes can be quite aggressive and critical.Unit 5 The UK Economy (Unit 5)11. Privatisation in 1980s (Unit 5)The British economy went through a particular bad period in the 1970s, with high rate of inflation and devaluation of the Pound. Therefore, in the 1980s, when the Conservative party under Margret Thatcher was in power, an extensive programme of privatisation was carried out. Many state-owned businesses (such as steel, telecom, gas, and aerospace) were turned into private companies. Privatisation was successful in controlling inflation but at the same time unemployment rate increased rapidly.12. Main sectors of the UK economy (Unit 5)The UK national economy can be divided into three main areas: primary industries, such as agriculture, fishing and mining; secondary industries which manufacture complex goods from those primary products; tertiary (or service) industries such as banking, insurance, tourism and the retailing.。
专业英语八级英国国家概况(英国地理)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级英国国家概况（英国地理）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．Which of the following is not a political division on the island of Great Britain?A．England.B．Scotland.C．Northern Ireland.D．Wales.正确答案：C解析：大不列颠岛上共有三个政治分区，分别为England(位于南部，面积最大、人口最稠密)，Scotland(位于北部，拥有三大自然区：北部高地、中部低地和南部丘陵)和Wales(位于西部)。
Ireland是大不列颠岛之外的另一个岛屿，包含英国的Northern Ireland和the Republic of Ireland。
知识模块：英国地理2．Which of the following is not one of the 3 largest cities of the U.K.?A．London.B．Edinburgh.C．Glasgow.D．Birmingham.正确答案：B解析：伦敦(London)是英国第一大城市及第一大港，欧洲最大的都会区之一兼世界三大金融中心之一。
人口751．24万，面积1，577．3平方公里，是世界十大都市之一。
伯明翰(Birmingham)是英国的第二大城市，面积266平方公里，人口103万，是英国的煤铁主要产地。
格拉斯哥是英国第三大城市。
知识模块：英国地理3．Mt. Ben Nevis, the highest mountain of the U.K., stands in______.A．Scottish HighlandsB．WalesC．EnglandD．Northern Ireland正确答案：A解析：本内维斯山(Ben Nevis)是不列颠群岛最高的山峰。
英国历史英语作文
英国历史英语作文Title: The Evolution of British Society Through History。
Throughout history, the United Kingdom has undergone significant transformations, shaping its society, culture, and political landscape. From its early origins to the present day, various factors have influenced these changes, leaving a profound impact on the nation and its people.The story of Britain's history begins with its ancient inhabitants, including the Celts and the Romans. The Roman invasion in AD 43 introduced new technologies, governance systems, and cultural practices to the region. The subsequent departure of the Romans in the 5th century marked the beginning of the Anglo-Saxon period, characterized by the establishment of kingdoms and the spread of Christianity.The Viking invasions of the 8th and 9th centuries brought further upheaval, leading to the integration ofScandinavian influences into British society. However, it was the Norman Conquest of 1066 that had the most significant impact on England. William the Conqueror's victory at the Battle of Hastings resulted in the establishment of Norman rule, leading to profound changes in governance, landownership, and the English language.The medieval period saw the rise of feudalism, the construction of magnificent cathedrals, and the emergence of Parliament as a political institution. The signing of the Magna Carta in 1215 marked a crucial step towards constitutional governance, laying the foundations for the rule of law and individual rights.The Tudor dynasty, which began with Henry VII in 1485, witnessed the English Reformation, the expansion of overseas exploration, and the consolidation of royal power. The reign of Elizabeth I is often regarded as a golden age, marked by cultural flourishing and maritime supremacy.The 17th century was a time of political turmoil, culminating in the English Civil War and the execution ofKing Charles I. The subsequent establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell's leadership represented a brief experiment in republican government before the restoration of the monarchy in 1660.The Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries brought about profound social and economic changes. Urbanization, technological innovation, and the growth of industry transformed Britain into the world'sfirst industrialized nation. However, these developments also led to widespread poverty, exploitation, and social unrest, prompting calls for reform and the expansion of democratic rights.The Victorian era, named after Queen Victoria, was characterized by moral strictures, imperial expansion, and social reform. The abolition of slavery, the extension of voting rights, and improvements in public health and education marked significant progress during this period.The 20th century witnessed two world wars that fundamentally altered Britain's place in the world. Thedevastation of World War I and the economic turmoil of the interwar years were followed by the even greater cataclysmof World War II. The experience of total war, coupled with the decline of the British Empire, hastened the process of decolonization and the emergence of a more diverse and multicultural society.In the post-war period, Britain grappled with the challenges of rebuilding its economy, constructing awelfare state, and managing its relationship with Europe. The decline of traditional industries, the rise of service-based economies, and the impact of globalization have continued to shape British society in the 21st century.Today, the United Kingdom is a diverse andmulticultural nation, shaped by its rich history andongoing processes of social, economic, and political change. From its ancient origins to its modern complexities,Britain's history reflects a continuous evolution of ideas, institutions, and identities, contributing to its status as a global leader in culture, commerce, and diplomacy.。
英美国家概括名词解释英国部分
英美国家概括名词解释英国部分英美国家概括名词解释The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Unit 11.LondonLondon is the largest city located in the south of the country. It is dominant in Britain in all sorts of ways. It is the cultural and business center and the headquarters of the vast majority of Britain’s big companies. It is not only the financial center of the nation, but also one of the three major international financial centers in the world.2.Robin Hood罗宾汉，英国传说中的一位著名绿林好汉，在森林里盘踞，以劫富济贫杀贪官污吏为宗旨。
Robin Hood was a Saxon nobleman. As he could no longer put up with oppressions压迫from the Normans, he became an outlaw反叛者and hid himself with his band of “merry men” in the forest. From this secret place, he went out to rob from the rich to give the poor.3.Anglo-Saxons盎格鲁-撒克逊They were two groups of Germanic日耳曼peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.4.King Arthur 亚瑟国王，6世纪时英格兰统治者，圆桌骑士的领袖，有关他的传说很多。
欧美概况
简答1.英国宪法的特征：•Constitutional monarchy: The United Kingdom remains a monarchy, but one with limited power•Parliamentary sovereignty: Parliamentary authority in the UK is unlimited. It can make or unmake law on any subject.•Representative democracy: People are entitled to voting rights.•The rule of law: As a fundamental principle, people are subject to law, but not to the arbitrary will of governors.2.下议院（The House of Commons)的三个作用：•Draft new laws. The House of Commons has primacy over the House of Lords, especially in the ratification of “money bills”which dictate taxation and public expenditure. •Scrutinize, criticize and restrain the actions of the government. Can force a government to resign by passing a Motion of No Confidence•Supervise finance. Checks the government Estimates and Budget. The government cannot legally spend any money without permission from the House of Commons.•Influence future government policy.•When legislation is initiated by the cabinet in the form of a public bill, it is given three separate readings.•If passed on the third reading, the bill is sent to the House of Lords, where it goes through the same procedure.•If passed by the second house, the bill is sent to the monarch for the ceremonial formality of royal assent before becoming law.3.百年战争的简单介绍：直接原因：The war was directly caused by the dispute over succession to the French throne.正式爆发：In 1337, Edward III landed in Normandy with an English army. The war broke out. 经过：•During the initial stage of the war, the English were on the offensive and won great victories.In 1377，the English had lost the territory again，the war stopped.In 1415 Henry V renewed the war and won crushingVictories ,The war was turned after the death of Henry V in 1422.In 1429 French defeated the English army结果：French successes，the war ended in 1453影响：1.Blessing for both countries.2.the ruling Normans began to regard England as their home country and think of themselves as belonging to the English nation.3.The bi-linguistic period in English history came to an end.4.The war reduced Britain’s export of wool.5.Sped up the decline of feudalism in England.6.The change pushed the growing bourgeoisie onto a higher rung of the social ladder.4.大宪章（The Great Charter)的意义;①It is as important to the English people as the Declaration of Independence to the Americans. It has been regarded as “the corner stone”of English history.②It laid the basis for the development of constitutional government and legal ideas in England.It paved the way for the new-born bourgeoisie to get political power because it granted more power to the Great Council which was the embryonic form of the English Parliament.5.工业革命的结果：(1)Industrial productivity increased dramatically: “workshop of the world”(2)The most advanced industrial country and financial center in the world.(3)Mass urbanization, urban population was half of the whole population in Britain.(4)Improvement of education: before: Oxford & Cambridge.(5)Simplified the class structure. Before: nobility, the lesser nobility, middle class, proletariat, peasantry.--capitalist (middle) class dominant position + Proletariat6.简单介绍三环外交（Three Majestic Circle）:It is the British foreign policy which put forward by the former British prime minister Winston Churchill after the second world war.1st circle: the Commonwealth-- Africa, Asia and Canada Conflicts between members with different interests2nd circle: U.S.A. Same concerns regarding Soviet Union3rd circle: Western Europe Isolationist policy: refused to join EEC7.美国宪法的两个特点：Separation of powersDivided the government into three independent branches: The legislative, The executive, The Judicial。
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教学设计 基本信息 名称 The United Kingdom 执教者 课时 1 所属教材目录 人教新课标版
教材分析 This is the first teaching period of this unit, which is an introduction to theunited kingdoms. At the beginning of the class, the teacher can lead in the topic by showing student’s pictures and asking them some questions about theUK.
Warming up is designed as a quiz. The teacher can let students try this quiz and find how much they know about theUK.
Pre-reading introduces students to the geography ofBritainand its terminology which can be very confusing.
This reading passage titled puzzles in geography explains how theUKwas for geographically and historically. It also introduces the four invaders who influenced the language, place names, vocabulary and system of government. 学情分析 Because this passage introduces a lot of useful new words and expressions, students have difficulty in remembering the new words and phrases. Before the class , the teacher
Can lead students to read repeatedly. The students do have learned some knowledge about theUK. In the class, they can take an active part in the introduction about theUK.
教学目标 知识与能力目标 1. Get students to learn the useful new words and expressions in this part. 2. have students read the passage and know about
How theUKwas formed and the four groups of invaders.
过程与方法目标
Scanning and skimming methods to let
students
To have a understanding of the text. 情感态度与价
Let student know more about theUK.
Develop students sense of cooperative learning 教学重难点 重点 Let students learn about the countries of the union jack.
Get students to read the passage 难点 Develop students’ reading ability.
教学策略与 设计说明
To consolidate the contents of the passage, students should be required to retell the text in their own word at the end of the class. In order to arouse students’ interest, the teacher can hold a competition. 教学过程 教学环节（注明每个环节预设的时间） 教师活动 学生活动 设计意图
Step1 lead in(2) Topic: show the map of the world A free talk Brainstor
m
Step2 pre-reading(2)
Questions: how many countries does theUKconsist of?
England is divided into the three main areas. Do you know what they are?
answers Familiar with the main contents. Step3 careful-reading(10)
1. Read the passage and judge the following states true or false.
2. Let students divide the passage into three parts and write down the main idea of each part.
Look for the detailed information Practice the skills of looking for detailed information
Step4 consolidation
(15)
Do the following exercises:
which country is left out？
What is the typical feature ofEngland?
How do the four countries work together
Scan paragraph 3 and 4 to find the answers
Cooperate and find the exact points.
Step5 post-reading(7)
Can you guess whyLondonis the capital ofEngland? Make a
group to discuss Free talk
课堂小结 This reading passage titled puzzles in geography 2分钟 explains how theUKwas for geographically and historically. It also introduces the four invaders who influenced the language, place names, vocabulary and system of government.
布置作业 1分钟
1.Rewrite the passage in your own words in 100
2. Underline the difficult sentences and beautiful sentences.
板书设计 country When it joined with or separated from each other England Wales Scotland Northern Ireland Republic ofIreland
教学反思 这节课基本完成了教学任务。使学生对英国的历史，地理，人口，和文化有一个整体的了解。 通过速读，培养学生快速阅读，把握文章结构及大意；通过精读，培养学生善于搜索细节的能力，通过练习提高根据上下文猜词义的能力。 通过口头讨论开放性问题，培养学生的语言组织能力，口头表达能力和良好的 团队合作精神。 这节课中我最满意的地方就是学生的合作意识加强了，主体精神得到了培养和锻炼。这种合作学习的教学方式使学生由“被动”的学转变为“主动”的学。加深了学生对英国的理解和记忆，取得了很好的效果。另外，这样的课可以使各个学科的相互联系更为紧密。如进行本课的教学时，还涉及到了地理、历史学科的内容，这样，英语教学就与这些学科内容的教学融为一体了。
我觉得不满意的地方就是时间把握的不是特别好，总是觉得学生们看不懂文章，因为生词，所以都会把课文翻译一遍，这无形中延长了时间，留作课下作业学生的任务量又很大。所以这个问题一直在困扰着我。总之就是讲求进度，学生掌握不了，精学没有充足的时间。
如果让我重新来上这节课的话，我会加强学生课前准备，保证课上顺利高效完成任务。
课后和学生谈话也正好反映了这一问题，课前没有预习课文所以上课跟不上老师的节奏。
和其他老师交谈了一下，发现本堂课既要让学生积极参与进来又要让学生从中货真价实的学到一些东西。积极的学生活动不能只是热闹，更要让他们反思思考。总的来说这节课让我受益