整理牛津译林版八年级上册英语知识点归纳

八年级英语总复习摘要供复习参考八年级英语总复习摘要(供复习参考)（语法部分）一、词汇词汇学习是英语学习的重要部分，掌握一定量的词汇是我们进行口头和笔头交际的基础。

词汇试题的主要测试内容为词语释义、词形转换和词语辨析等等，要求考生既要掌握基本词汇的意义，又要有运用词汇的基本能力，达到语言交际的目的。

(一) 词形转换1、名词的复数形式。

(1)规则变化：一般直接在词尾加s：pen——pens; table——tables①以s、x、o、ch、sh结尾加es:bus——buses; watch——watches, 但radio, photo和stomach后只加s, zero后加es或s均可。

②辅音字母加y结尾的，把y改i加es;city——cities; party——parties③以-f; -fe结尾的，改成v加es:knife——knives; wife——wives, 但roof后只加s。

(2)不规则变化：foot——feet; man——men; child——children; mouse－mice2、形容词、副词的比较级等级的变化。

(1)规则变化：①单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加er/ estsmall——smaller——smallest; clever——cleverer——cleverest②辅音字母+y结尾的，把y变成i加er / est:easy——easier——easiest; heavy——heavier——heaviest③词尾以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词，双写该辅音字母加er/ est:big——bigger——biggest; hot——hotter——hottest④多音节词，在词前加上more/ most:slowly——more slowly——most slowly;interesting——more interesting——most interesting(2)不规则变化：good(well) ——better——best;many(much) ——more——most;little——less——least; bad (ill, badly) ——worse——worst;far——farther(further) ——farthest(furthest)4、基数词变序数词主要掌握1～12及20、21等的序数词的形式，其它序数词都是在基数词末尾加th，是有规律可循的。

one——first six——sixth eleven——eleventhtwo——second seven——seventh twelve——twelfththree——third eight——eighth thirteen——thirteenthfour——fourth nine——ninth twenty——twentiethfive——fifth ten——tenth twenty-one——twenty-first5、动词的变化形式(1)动词的现在分词构成①一般在动词后面加ing:try——trying; play——playing②以不发音的e结尾的去e,再加ing：come——coming; make——making③以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词，先双写该辅音字母后加ing:run—— running; begin——beginning注：lie——lying(2) 规则变化：动词的过去式和过去分词的构成①一般在动词后面加ed：work——worked——worked②以辅音字母加y结尾的，将y改成i, 再加ed：study——studied——studied③以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词，应先双写该辅音字母后加ed：stop——stopped——stopped不规则变化：①cut、hit、let、put、read、set等过去式，过去分词与其原形相同。

(二)构词法1、名词变名词(人)示例：farm——farmer; French——Frenchman2、名词变形容词示例：(1) 在名词后加ful: care——careful; help——helpful(2) 在名词后加y: sun——sunny; cloud——cloudy3、形容词变副词示例：(1) 一般直接在形容词后加ly:quick——quickly; usual——usually(2) 以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y改为i, 再加ly:easy——easily; lucky——luckily(3) good(好的)副词是well(好地)。

而well作形容词时意为“健康的”。

4、动词变名词示例：(1) 一般在动词后加er, 表示人：teach——teacher; drive——driver; win——winner(2) 在某些动词后加ion:operate——operation; invent——invention(三)词语释义1、同义词释义例：work —— job; almost —— nearly; fast —— quick (quickly)英语中有一些词意思相近或相同，它们之间可以互换。

但有的词只有在一定条件下才可互换。

如：work和job都可译作“工作”。

但work是不可数名词，而job是可数名词。

2、转化释义例：come back —— get back; by plane —— by air3、概念释义hear from —— get a letter from; send for sb —— ask sb to come它常用浅近通俗的英语来解释一些词语的固定结构。

4、否定释义例:dirty——not clean, different——not the same5、常识释义它是对生活、自然、社会常识的词作定义式的解释。

例：century——100 years; spring——the first season of a year。

附常见词语的释义：（注：1、以下的词汇和短语，可能有少数是没学过的，考虑到它们的常用性，也将其归纳在此，并要求学生掌握其基本用法。

2、书上有很多短语，有些不太重要或太难了，未收录在下面，也可能有一些比较重要，但不慎遗漏了，只好下次归纳时再补漏，请原谅。

——编者）be able to —— cancatch a cold —— have a coldarrive at/ in —— reach, get to difficult—— not easy, hardexpensive —— not cheap, dearglad —— pleased and happyhurry —— be quicklook up a word —— find a word in a dictionarymiss —— fail to findloud —— not quietperson —— a man, a woman or a child return —— come or go back,give backright away —— at once, immediately，in no time ，in a minuteseveral —— some; a fewperhaps —— maybe (probably)look after —— take care ofstop —— keep from movingcatch up with —— come up from behind beside —— next tohold on —— wait a moment, hold the line (often on the phone)be interested in —— like to know and learn abouton time —— at the right timea lot of/lots of —— many or muchtake one’s time —— not hurry; be slow weak —— not strong enoughtake a look —— look, have a looka little —— a bitat last —— in the endparent —— father or motherjust now —— a short time agodo some shopping —— buy something; go shoppingwash —— make clean with waterbe good at —— do well in leave —— go away fromenjoy oneself —— have a good timegive sb. a call —— ring sb. up, (tele) phone sb., call sb.fall asleep —— get to sleepMarch —— the third month of a year present —— giftbring out —— take outcertainly —— of coursestay indoors —— be at homemore than —— overbusy —— not freehave no idea —— don’t know sth.each other —— one anothermiss —— not catch (keep) up withnear —— close todecide —— make up ones mindchange into —— turn intohurry —— go quicklytoo —— as welldifferent —— not the sameenter —— go intoa moment —— a whilerich —— wealthyfor example —— for instancecall on sb. —— visit sb.speak —— make a speechthe rest —— the otherstry one’s best —— do one’s best, try hard happen —— take placebe full of —— be filled withbe sure —— believebe all right —— be wellin front of —— beforewrite down —— take downstay up (late) —— go to bed latego to the cinema —— see a film, go to the movieby day —— in the dayhave to —— mustrain hard —— rain heavilypoint to —— point atroom —— spaceeverywhere —— here and there alone —— by oneself，one ones own almost —— nearlyalways —— at all timebegin —— startbright —— clever ,wise close —— shutsimple —— easyfamous —— well knownlight —— not heavya quarter —— fifteen minutesseveral —— a fewsoft —— not hardthis evening —— tonightmany years ago —— once upon a time , long ago(四)重点词语辨析a little, a few, little, fewand, but, soarrive (at/in), get (to), reachborrow, lendbring, carry, takecan, may, mustgive/show sb. sth，give/show sth. to sb hear, listen tolook for, find, find outsay, speak, talk, tellspend, take, pay, coststop doing, stop to doother, the other, others, the others, another, have been (to), have gone (to) interested, interestingask, ask forbe made by, be made in, be made of, be made frombecause, because ofbetween, amongin the east, to the eastWhat about…? How about…? Why not...？how often, how soon, how longhad better, would rather, would likeprefer already, yet answer, reply both, all America, American date, daydie, dead, death so, suchtoo, eitherasleep, sleepy, sleep else, otherdrop, fallfast, quickhigh, tallhouse, home, room job, worklaugh, smile problem, question quite, quietsee, look at, watch sick, illwear ,put on ,dress well, goodwhile, when（五）常用重点短语a bit (of) 有一点儿 a couple of 两个；几个a group of 一群a kind of 一种; 一类a lot of (lots of) 许多a pair of 一双; 一副a piece of 一(块,张,片,件)according to 按照;根据after school 放学后agree with sb. 同意某人的意见all day (long) 整天all over 到处all right 行了;好吧;(病)好了all the same 还是, 仍然all the time 一直all the way 一路上agree on 同意arrive at / in a place 到达某地ask for 请求; 寻求at first / last 起先;开始的时候/ 最后；终于at home 在家(里)at once 立刻;马上at school 在学校;在上课at the moment 此刻,目前; 那时,当时at the same time 同时at work 在工作at/on weekends 在周末be able to 能够(有能力)be afraid of 害怕be angry with sb. 生某人的气be bad for 有害于be born 出生于be busy with / doing sth. 忙于做某事be careful with 小心be covered with 被……覆盖be different from 与……不同be famous for 以……而著名be full of 充满be good / poor at 善长于/ 对……比较差be interested in 对……感兴趣be late for …...迟到be made of 由……制成be pleased with 对……满意/be pleased at 对......满意be proud of 为……而感到自豪be ready for 为……作准备be worried about 为……而担心because of 由于belong to 属于by air mail 寄航空邮件by bus 乘公共汽车by oneself 亲自by phone 打电话by the way 顺便说;顺便问一下call on 拜访care for 照顾; 喜欢catch (a) cold 着凉;伤风change one's mind 改变主意come on 快;走吧;跟我来come to an end 结束consist of 由......组成cover an area of 占地面积deal with 处理die of 因……病而死do one's best 尽最大努力do some shopping 买东西each other 互相enjoy oneself 过得愉快fall off 从…...跌落far away (from) (离)遥远feel like 想要find out 找出;查明;了解for example 例如for the first time 第一次from now on 从此以后; 今后get back 返回get off 下车get on 上车get to 到达get up 起床give back 归还;送回give out 分发go for a swim 去游泳go home 回家go off 发出巨响go on 继续go on a picnic 去野餐go on with / doing sth. 继续做某事go to (the) hospital 去医院(看病)go to bed 就寝go to sleep 入睡go to the cinema / movie(s) 去看电影go up 走上前去grow up 成年;长大had better 最好还是;还是……好hand in 上交happen to do 碰巧做happen to sb. 发生到某人身上have (got) to 不得不have a class / lesson 上课have a good time 玩得很愉快;过得很愉快have breakfast 吃早餐have no idea 不清楚have sports 进行体育活动hear from 收到……来信hear of 听说help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事here and there 到处hold a meeting 举行会议in a minute 一会儿in a way 在某种程度上in charge of 主管,负责in English 用英语in fact 事实上;实际上in front of 在……前面in hospital 住院in surprise 惊奇地in the end 最后;终于in the middle of 在……中间in one week’s time 一周以后in this way 这样in time 及时in trouble 处于困境中just a minute 等一下just now 现在;刚才keep doing sth. 继续做某事keep fit 保持健康keep... from 使……不做keep quiet 保持安静keep sb. busy 让某人忙个不停laugh at 嘲笑learn…from 向……学习leave for 动身去less / more than 少于/ 多于listen to 听……(讲话)live on 靠……为生look after 照料;照顾look at 看;观看look for 寻找look forward to 期待着look like 看上去象;显得look out 当心look up 查寻; 抬头看lose one's way 迷路lose weight 减肥make a decision 做出决定make a living 谋生make a noise 弄出声make friends with 与……交朋友make fun of 拿…...开玩笑make money 挣钱;赚钱make the bed 整理床铺make up one's mind 下决心next to 紧挨着;紧靠着not… until直到…才…now and then /again 时而; 偶而of course 当然of one's own 属于某人自己的on business 有事, 出差on foot 步行;走路on holiday 在休假on one's side 在某人一边on show 在展出on the other hand 另一方面on the phone 在听电话on the right 在右边on the/one's way (to) 在去……的路上on time 准时on weekdays 在工作日once a day 每天一次once every four years 每四年一次one after another 一个接一个,连续地one another 互相over there 在那边pay for 付…...钱; 买pay attention 注意remind …of 提醒某人……such as 例如switch on 打开take charge of 负责take place 发生too…to…太… 以致于不…turn off 关上used to 过去常常wait for 等候文件编号：54-9E-14-5A-A0二、语法重点（以下内容以理解为主，千万、千万不要讲的太多，讲得太全面，适当提示一下即可,只用两节课完成。