2018年高考全国卷1试卷含答案

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2018高考英语真题试卷全国一卷(含答案和解析)

2018高考英语真题试卷全国一卷(含答案和解析)

2018年全国统一高考英语试卷(新课标Ⅰ卷)第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

AWashington,D.C.Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Duration TourThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington,D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability—the cherry blossoms—disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3hours(4miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington,D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike,helmet,cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour In Washington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorning or Afternoon,this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington,D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most,interesting stories about Presidents,Congress,memorials,and fortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration:3hours(7miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike,helmet,and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21.Which tour do you need to book in advance?A.Cherry Blossom like Tour in Washington,D.C.B.Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A.Meet famous people.B.Go to a national park.C.Visit well-known museums.D.Enjoy interesting stories.23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A.City maps.B.Cameras.C.MealsD.Safety lightsBGood Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under£5per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.“We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,”she explains.“I pay£5for a portion(一份),but Matt makes them for26p a portion,because they are flour, water,sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food,but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列节自),Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money:Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24.What do we know about Susanna Reid?A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.D.She has had a light budget for her family.25.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.26.What does the author intend to do in paragraph4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.27.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC.Making yourself a Perfect ChefD.Cooking Well for LessCLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that10,000years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centres,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education.Especially glbalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English.Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present,the world has about6,800languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages.Often spoken by many people while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around200Languages:the Americas about1,000.Africa2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over800.The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere6.000,which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over400of the total of6,800languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150).Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28.What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patters.D.They were closely connected29.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph2?plex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modem.30.How many languages are spoken by less than6,000people at present?A.About6,800.B.About3,400.C.About2,400.D.About1,200.31.What is the min idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC.Human development results in fewer languagesD.Geography determines language evolution.DWe may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置)well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early1990s.Devices were grouped by generation—Desktop computers,basic mobile phones,and box-set TVs defined1992.Digital cameras arrived on thescene in1997.And MP3players,smart phones,and LCD TVs entered homes in2002,before tablets and e-readers showed up in2007.As we accumulated more devices,however,we didn’t throw out our old ones.“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’room,and suddenly one day,you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher.The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992to13in2007.We’re not just keeping these old devices—we continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team,old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放)more than doubling during the1992to2007window.So what’s the solution(解决方案)?The team’s data only went up to2007,but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing.They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.33.Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV.B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV.D.The desktop computer.35.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.B.Take them apart.C.Upgrade them.D.Recycle them.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room.A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in.Do you want a room that’s full of life?Professional?Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?36, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years,there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.37,they can get a little complex.But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:the small ones,the medium ones,and the large ones.38.They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms.Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas,dinner tables or bookshelves 39.They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones,and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors.Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it are significant.40.A.While all of them are usefulB.Whatever you’re looking forC.If you’re experimenting with a colorD.Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar withE.It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure,because you want to get it right the first timeG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2018年全国卷1文科数学高考卷版含答案

2018年全国卷1文科数学高考卷版含答案

2018年全国卷1文科数学高考卷(含答案)一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分)1. 设集合A={x|0≤x≤2},集合B={x|x²3x+2=0},则A∩B=()A. {1, 2}B. {1}C. {2}D. 空集2. 已知复数z满足|z|=1,则|z1|的最小值为()A. 0B. 1C. √2D. 23. 在等差数列{an}中,若a1=1,a3=3,则数列的公差为()A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 44. 函数f(x)=x²2x+3在区间(0,+∞)上的单调性为()A. 单调递增B. 单调递减C. 先单调递增后单调递减D. 先单调递减后单调递增5. 已知函数f(x)=|x1|,则f(f(2))的值为()B. 1C. 2D. 36. 平面向量a和b满足|a|=3,|b|=4,a•b=6,则cos<a,b>的值为()A. 1/2B. 3/4C. 2/3D. 4/57. 若直线y=kx+b与圆x²+y²=1相切,则k的取值范围是()A. [1,1]B. (1,1)C. [√2,√2]D. (√2,√2)8. 在三角形ABC中,a=3,b=4,cosA=1/4,则三角形ABC的面积为()A. 3B. 4C. 6D. 89. 已知数列{an}满足an+1=2an+1,a1=1,则数列的前n项和为()A. 2n1C. 2n+1D. 2n+210. 若函数f(x)在区间(a,b)上可导,且f'(x)≠0,则函数f(x)在区间(a,b)上()A. 单调递增B. 单调递减C. 有极值D. 不单调11. 设平面直角坐标系xOy中,点A(2,3),点B在直线y=2x+1上,若|AB|=√10,则点B的坐标为()A. (1,3)B. (2,5)C. (3,7)D. (4,9)12. 已知函数f(x)=x²2x+3,g(x)=2x1,则f[g(x)]的值域为()A. [2,+∞)B. [3,+∞)C. [4,+∞)D. [5,+∞)二、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分)13. 已知数列{an}是等比数列,a1=2,a3=8,则数列的公比为______。

2018年全国1卷高考语文试题和答案解析

2018年全国1卷高考语文试题和答案解析

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号,回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、现代文阅读。

(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1-3题。

诸子之学,兴起于先秦,当时一大批富有创见的思想家喷涌而出,蔚为思想史之奇观,在狭义上,诸子之学与先秦时代相联系;在广义上,诸子之学则不限于先秦而绵延于此后中国思想发展的整个过程,这一过程至今仍没有终结。

诸子之学的内在品格是历史的承继性以及思想的创造性和突破性。

“新子学”,即新时代的诸子之学,也应有同样的品格。

这可以从“照着讲”和“接着讲”两个方面来理解。

一般而言,“照着讲”,主要是从历史角度对以往经典作具体的实证性研究,诸如训话、校勘、文献编纂,等等。

这方面的研究涉及对以往思想的回顾、反思,即应把握历史上的思想家实际说了些什么,也应总结其中具有创造性和生命力内容,从而为今天的思想提供重要的思想资源。

与“照着讲”相关的是“接着讲”,从思想的发展与诸子之学的关联看,“接着讲”接近诸子之学所具有的思想突破性的内在品格,它意味着延续诸子注重思想创造的传统,以近代以来中西思想的互动为背景,“接着讲”无法回避中西思想之间的关系。

在中西之学已相遇的背景下,“接着讲”同时展开为中西之学的交融,从更深的层次看,这种交融具体展开为世界文化的建构与发展过程,中国思想传统与西方的思想传统都构成了世界文化的重要资源。

而世界文化的发展,则以二者的互动为其重要前提。

这一意义上的“新子学”,同时表现为世界文化发展过程中创造性的思想系统。

相对于传统的诸子之学,“新子学”无疑获得了新的内涵与新的形态。

“照着讲”与“接着讲”二者无法分离。

2018年高考英语全国卷(含1卷,2卷,3卷)真题及答案(word版)

2018年高考英语全国卷(含1卷,2卷,3卷)真题及答案(word版)

绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国1卷)英语注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例:How much is the shirt?A.£19.15.答案是C。

1.What will James do tomorrow?B.£9.18.C.£9.15.A.Watch a TV program.B.Give a talk.C.Write a report.2.What can we say about the woman?A.She’s generous.3.When does the train leave?A.At6:30.B.She’s curious.B.At8:30.C.She’s helpful.C.At10:30.4.How does the woman go to work?A.By car.B.On foot.C.By bike.5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacher and student.C.Doctor and patient.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

2018年全国卷Ⅰ高考文综历史试题(含答案详细解析)

2018年全国卷Ⅰ高考文综历史试题(含答案详细解析)

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文科综合能力测试(历史)全卷满分300分。

考试用时150分钟。

注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。

2.第I卷每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选途其他答案标号。

写在试卷上无效。

3.第II卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

第I卷一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题4分,共48分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.《墨子》中有关于“圆”“直线”“正方形”“倍”的定义,对杠杆原理、声音传播、小孔成像等也有论述,还有机械制造方面的记载。

这反映出,《墨子》A.汇集了诸子百家的思想精华B,形成了完整的科学体系C.包含了劳动人民智慧的结晶D.体现了贵族阶层的旨趣2.据学者研究,唐朝“安史之乱”后百余年间的藩镇基本情况如表2所示。

表2“安史之乱”后百余年间唐朝藩锁基本卅况去鹰侦类型数量(个)―官员任免侦供纳J兵颤与功能河朔型7落镇白擅_不上供初重兵以t\立中原型8朝廷任命少上供驻重兵防骄藩边41型17朝廷任命_少上供重乒守泌Zft东南型「9朝廷任命上供一驻兵少防盗贼由此可知,这一时期的藩镇A.控制了朝廷财政收入B.彼此之间攻伐不已C.注重维护中央的权威D.延续了唐朝的统治3.北宋前中期,在今四川井研县一带山谷中,密布着成百上千个采用新制盐技术的竹筒井,井主所雇工匠大多来自"他州别县”,以“佣身赁力”为生,受雇期间,若对工作条件或待遇不满意,辄另谋高就。

这反映出当时A.民营手工业得到发展B,手工业者社会地位高C.雇佣劳动已经普及D.盐业专卖制度已经解体4.图中的动物是郑和下西洋时外国使臣随船向明政府贡献的奇珍异兽。

2018年高考英语全国卷1-答案

2018年高考英语全国卷1-答案

2018普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语答案解析第一部分听力第一节1.【答案】B【解析】原文:W: James, you’ve been watching TV for the whole evening. What’s on?M: It’s a science on the origin of the universe. I’ll give a presentation on it in my class tomorrow.2.【答案】C【解析】原文:M: Hello, do you have “The B est of Mozart”?W: Um, sorry, we’ve just sold out, but we can order on for you. If you give us your number, we’ll call you when the card arrives.3.【答案】C【解析】原文:M: We’d better be going now. Or we’ll be late for the train.W: No rush. It’s eight thirty. Now we still have two hours.4.【答案】B【解析】原文:M: I am so tired of trying all those hours to work.W: Yeath, I know what you mean. I used to drive two hours to work each way. But now I live within walking distance of my office. I don’t even need a bike.5.【答案】A【解析】原文:W: Hi, Andy, I didn’t see you in Professor Smiths’ class yesterday. What happened?M: Well, I had a headache, so I called him and asked for sick leave.第二节6.【答案】B7.【答案】A【解析】原文:W: The biggest mistake I made, uh, was leaving college in my last year and not competing myeducation. So, I’m thinking of going back to school.M: School? To study what?W: Ecology, I’m interested in the relation ship between humans and nature.M: Cool? Is it what you studied years ago?W: No, I majored in chemistry then.8.【答案】B9.【答案】C【解析】原文:M: Good morning, Madam. I am your guide for this trip.W: How lovely! Could you tell me about the hotel I’m going to stay at.M: Yes, of course! The Grand Hotel opened in nineteen ninety, and it sits on the seaside along the south coast highway.It is the most beautiful hotel here.W: That sounds great!M: And there are some restaurants outside. So at dinner time, you’d have a lot of choices.W: That’s really nice. I like to have some local food while traveling. What about the scenery around it?M: The hotel has the best views of the Pacific Ocean. Oh, I think I will love this hotel.10.【答案】C11.【答案】A12.【答案】B【解析】原文:W: Hi, Mike.M: Hi, Alice. Nice to see you. You don’t often come here.W: I usually have fast food delivered to my office. I just came here for a change today. The environment here is good, clean and relatively quiet.M: And I heard the food is tasty. By the way, are you going to the concert tomorrow evening?W: Yes, are you?M: Yeah! Catherine was supposed to go with me, but she may have to work extra hours tomorrow. Do you know anyone who might like to go?W: No, but if you like, I can ask around or Joan mi ght want to go. Oh, yes, she is a great fan of classical music. I’ll give her a ring after lunch.13.【答案】A14.【答案】A15.【答案】C16.【答案】B【解析】原文:W: Hi, I’ve only just arrived.M: Oh, good. Now, here are the keys. Let’s go in. There are two apartments. The one for rent is on the right. Do come in.W: Thank you. I like the carpet. The color is nice, isn’t it?M: Yes, and this apartment is in good condition. Here is your lounge(起居室,休息室).W: Where would we eat?M: There is this corner here, or you can use your kitchen, come and see!W: The kitchen is quite small.M: Yes, but it has everything , cooker, French window(落地窗) and dishwasher. And there are lots of cupboards. Let me show you the bedrooms. This is the smaller one. It’s a good size, though. Now come into the other bedroom.You can see the bathroom too.W: Yes, it is very nice. But I will have to ask my friend first and we will come together. I understand it is eight hundred dollars a month.M: Yes, but a few blocks down town would be much more expensive.W: Well, thank you. I will be in touch.17.【答案】C18.【答案】B19.【答案】C20.【答案】A【解析】原文:Thank you very much. Thank you, Doctor Johnson. Well, it is really great to be back at university again. The thing that I wanted to tell you today is this education is important. When I came to the US, I was only thinking about being a carpenter, but I could not read the newspaper. And I could not understand the news on the television or movies or anything like this. So I enter the city college to take English classes for foreign students. I was very proud that I was going to a college because no one in my family ever went to any college or to any university. You know, when you’re fifteen years old in my country, you finish school and then you learn a trade. And that’s exactly what I did when I was fifteen years old. I learned how to be a carpenter. A year later, I came to America. Luckily I met a very good teacher who encouraged me to take some math classes. And I became a full time college student. And today when I look back, I’m so happy because you never know where life will take you. All of a sudden, I started making money because I was really good at math. You know how to work out everything with math is so important. This is something that I learned when I started my own business, which is doing really well.第二部分阅读理解第一节21.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。

2018高考语文全国卷Ⅰ试卷真题及答案(最全)

2018高考语文全国卷Ⅰ试卷真题及答案(最全)

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。

诸子之学,兴起于先秦,当时一大批富有创见的思想家喷涌而出,蔚为思想史之奇观。

在狭义上,诸子之学与先秦时代相联系;在广义上,诸子之学则不限于先秦而绵延于此后中国思想发展的整个过程,这一过程至今仍没有终结。

诸子之学的内在品格是历史的承继性以及思想的创造性和突破性。

“新子学”,即新时代的诸子之学,也应有同样的品格。

这可以从“照着讲”和“接着讲”两个方面来理解。

一般而言,“照着讲”主要是从历史角度对以往经典作具体的实证性研究,诸如训诂、校勘、文献编纂,等等。

这方面的研究涉及对以往思想的回顾、反思,既应把握历史上的思想家实际说了些什么,也应总结其中具有创造性和生命力的内容,从而为今天的思考提供重要的思想资源。

与“照着讲”相关的是“接着讲”,从思想的发展与诸子之学的关联看,“接着讲”接近诸子之学所具有的思想突破性的内在品格,它意味着延续诸子注重思想创造的传统,以近代以来中西思想的互动为背景,“接着讲”无法回避中西思想之间的关系。

在中西之学已相遇的背景下,“接着讲”同时展开为中西之学的交融,从更深的层次看,这种交融具体展开为世界文化的建构与发展过程。

中国思想传统与西方思想传统都构成了世界文化的重要资源,而世界文化的发展,则以二者的互动为其重要前提。

这一意义上的“新子学”,同时表现为世界文化发展过程中创造性的思想系统。

相对于传统的诸子之学,“新子学”无疑获得了新的内涵与新的形态。

“照着讲”和“接着讲”二者无法分离。

从逻辑上说,任何新思想的形成,都不能从“无”开始,它总是基于既有的思想演进过程,并需要对既有思想范围进行反思批判。

“照着讲”的意义,在于梳理以往的思想发展过程,打开前人思想的丰富内容,由此为后继的思想提供理论之源。

在此意义上,“照着讲”是“接着讲”的出发点。

然而,仅仅停留在“照着讲”,思想便容易止于过去。

2018年高考全国卷一理科数学(含答案)

2018年高考全国卷一理科数学(含答案)

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标Ⅰ卷)一、选择题1.设,则()A.0 B.C.D.2.已知集合,则()A.B.C.D.3.某地区经过一年的新农村建设,农村的经济收入增加了一倍.实现翻番.为更好地了解该地区农村的经济收入变化情况,统计了该地区新农村建设前后农村的经济收入构成比例.得到如下饼图:则下面结论中不正确的是()A.新农村建设后,种植收入减少B.新农村建设后,其他收入增加了一倍以上C.新农村建设后,养殖收入增加了一倍D.新农村建设后,养殖收入与第三产业收入的总和超过了经济收入的一半4.记为等差数列的前项和.若,,则()A.B.C.D.125.设函数.若为奇函数,则曲线在点处的切线方程为()A.B.C.D.6.在中,为边上的中线,为的中点,则()A.B.C.D.7.某圆柱的高为2,底面周长为16,其三视图如右图所示,圆柱表面上的点在正视图上的对应点为,圆柱表面上的点在左视图上的对应点为,则在此圆柱侧面上,从到的路径中,最短路径的长度为()A.B.C.D.28.设抛物线的焦点为,过点且斜率为的直线与交于,两点,则()A.5 B.6 C.7 D.89.已知函数,,若存在2个零点,则的取值范围是()A.B.C.D.10.下图来自古希腊数学家希波克拉底所研究的几何图形,此图由三个半圆构成,三个半圆的直径分别为直角三角形的斜边,直角边,,的三边所围成的区域记为Ⅰ,黑色部分记为Ⅱ,其余部分记为Ⅲ,在整个图形中随机取一点,此点取自Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ的概率分别记为,,,则()A.B.C.D.11.已知双曲线,为坐标原点,为的右焦点,过的直线与的两条渐近线的交点分别为,.若为直角三角形,则()A.B.3 C.D.412.已知正方体的棱长为1,每条棱所在直线与平面所成的角都相等,则截此正方体所得截面面积的最大值为()A.B.C.D.二、填空题(本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分)13.若满足约束条件,则的最大值为________.14.记为数列的前项和.若,则________.15.从2位女生,4位男生中选3人参加科技比赛,且至少有1位女生入选,则不同的选法共有________种.(用数字填写答案)16.已知函数,则的最小值是________.三、解答题(共70分。

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精品 精细;挑选; 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国Ⅰ卷)

文综历史试题 (晋冀鲁豫湘鄂赣徽闽粤10省使用) 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。满分100分。 第Ⅰ卷(选择题 共48分) 本卷共12小题,每小题4分,共48分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个项是最符合题目要求的。 24.《墨子》中有关于“圆”“直线”“正方形”“倍”的定义,对杠杆原理、声音传播、小孔成像等也有论述,还有机械制造方面的记载。这反映出,《墨子》 A.汇集了诸子百家的思想精华 B.形成了完整的科学体系 C.包含了劳动人民智慧的结晶 D.体现了贵族阶层的旨趣 25.据学者研究,唐朝“安史之乱”后百余年间的藩镇基本情况如表2所示。 表2 “安史之乱”后百余年间唐朝藩镇基本情况表 藩镇类型 数量(个) 官员任免 赋税供纳 兵额与功能 河朔型 7 藩镇自擅 不上供 拥重兵以自立 中原型 8 朝廷任命 少上供 驻重兵防骄藩 边疆型 17 朝廷任命 少上供 驻重兵守边疆 东南型 9 朝廷任命 上供 驻兵少防盗贼 由此可知,这一时期的藩镇 A.控制了朝廷财政收入 B.彼此之间攻伐不已 C.注重维护中央的权威 D.延续了唐朝的统治 26.北宋前中期,在今四川井研县一带山谷中,密布着成百上千个采用新制盐技术的竹篱井,井主所雇工匠大多来自“他州别县”,以“佣身赁力”为主,受雇期间,若对工作条件或待遇不满意,辄另谋高就。这反映出当时 A.民营手工业得到发展 B.手工业者社会地位高 C.雇佣劳动已经普及 D.盐业专卖制度解体 27.图6中的动物是郑和下西洋时外国使臣随船向明政府贡献的奇珍异兽,明朝君臣认为,这就是中国传说的“麒麟”,明成祖遂赐外国使臣。这表明当时 A.对外交流促使中国传统绘画出现新的类型 B.朝廷用中国文化对朝贡贸易贡品加以解读 C.海禁政策的解除促进了对外文化交流 D.外来物品的传入推动了传统观念更新

28.甲午战争期间,日本制定舆论宣传策略,把中国和日本分别包装成野蛮与文明的代表,并运用公关手段让欧美舆论倒向日方。一些西方媒体甚至宣称,清政府战败“将意味着数百万人从愚蒙、专制和独裁中得到解放”。对此,清政府却无所作为,这反映了 A.欧美舆论宣传左右了战争进程 B.日本力图变更中国的君主政体 C.清朝政府昏庸不谙熟近代外交 D.西方媒体鼓动中国的民主革命 29.五四运动后,出现了社会主义是否合适中国国情的争论,有人反对走俄国式的道路, 精品 精细;挑选; 认为救中国只有一条路,就是“增加畜力”,发展实业;还有人主张“采用劳农主义的直接行动,达到社会革命的目的”。这场争论 A.确定了新民主主义革命的道路 B.使思想界认清了欧美的社会制度 C.在思想上为中国共产党的成立准备了条件 D.消除了知识分子在救亡图存方式上的分歧 30.1948—1949年夏,英、法、美等国通过各自渠道同中国共产党接触,试探与将要成立的新政府建立某种形式的外交关系的可能性,中共中央考虑:不接受足以束缚手脚的条件;可以采取积极办法争取这些国家承认;也可以等一等,不急于争取这些国家的承认。这反映出 A.中国共产党奉行独立自主的外交政策 B.西方国家放弃了对国民党政权的支持 C.中国冲破了美国的外交孤立 D.新政府不急于获取国际支持 31.图7是1953年的一幅漫画,描绘了资源勘探队员来到深山,手持“邀请函”叩响山洞大门的情景。这反映了当时我国

A.已经初步改变工业落后局面 B.开始进行对矿产资源的开采 C.国民经济调整任务基本完成 D.大规模的经济建设正在展开 32.古代雅典的梭伦在诗中写道:“作恶的人每每致富,而好人往往贫穷;但是,我们不愿意把我们的道德和他们的财富交换,因为道德是永远存在的,而财富每天在更换主人。”据此可知,梭伦 A.反对奴隶制度 B.主张权利平等 C.抨击贫富差别 D.具有人文精神 33.1847年6月,正义者同盟改名为共产主义者同盟,以“全世界无产者,联合起来”的新口号代替“人人皆兄弟”的旧口号,并规定同盟的目的是:“通过传播财产公有的理论并尽快地求其实现,使人类得到解放。”这一变化表明 A.共产主义者同盟接受了马克思的革命理论 B.马克思主义的诞生推动了无产阶级的斗争 C.工人运动在欧洲的主要资本主义国家开始兴起 D.无产阶级与资产阶级的矛盾成为社会主要矛盾 34.传统观点认为,英国成为工业革命发源地,是因为英国最早具备了技术、市场等经济条件;后来有研究者认为,其主要原因是英国建立了君主立宪制度;又有学者提出,煤铁资源丰富、易于开采等自然条件是其重要因素。据此可知,关于工业革命首先发生在英国的认识 A.只能有一种正确合理的观点 B.随着研究视角拓展而趋于全面 C.缺少对欧洲其他国家的观察 D.后期学者研究比传统观点可信 35.图8反映了1945~1975年间联合国成员国的变化情况,这表明 精品 精细;挑选; A.第三世界发展壮大 B.欧共体的成员增加 C.世界贸易范围明显扩大 D.经济区域化的趋势加强

第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 共52分) 本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分。第41,42题为必考题,每道试题考生都必须作答。第45-47题为选考题,考生根据要求作答。 41.阅读材料,完成下列要求。(25分) 中国基层社会治理历史悠久,改革开放以后,村民自治成为中国亿万农民的伟大创造。 材料一 宋代一些地方实行乡约制度,其功能主要是扬善惩恶,制定规约进行道德教化,并建立民间组织和相关的赏罚。明清时期,宣讲“圣谕”成为乡约最重要的内容。当时,由地方官吏广泛推行乡约制度,设立乡约组织,每月召集百姓宣讲、教化。康熙九年颁布了乡约组织必须宣讲的《上谕十六条》,内容包含“重农桑以足衣食”“训子弟以禁非为”等。 ——据杨开道《中国乡约制度》等 材料二 清末,时人认为“地方自治者,为今世界立国之基础……于救亡之事,至为切要”。1909年,清政府颁布《城镇乡地方自治章程》,地方自治大致按行政区划分城镇和乡两级,设立议事会为议决机关,议员由选民互选充任。 ——据张海鹏主编《中国近代通史》 材料三 20世纪80年代后,村民自治迅速发展,到1997年底,全国共有91万个村民委员会的村干部直接选举产生,大部分农村有90%以上的选民参加了选举,1998年颁布了《中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法》,村民委员会是我国农村基层社会的群众自治组织。 ——据郭德宏等主编《中华人民共和国专题史稿》 ⑴根据材料一并结合所学知识,概括宋代到明清时期乡约制度的变化,并说明乡约制度的积极作用。(12分) ⑵根据材料二并结合所学知识,简述清末城镇地方自治的历史背景。(9分) ⑶根据材料三并结合所学知识,说明村民自治的意义。(4分) 42.阅读材料,完成下列要求。(12分) 材料 英国作家笛福创作的小说《鲁宾逊漂流记》出版于1719年,其中许多情节反映了世界近代早期的重大历史现象,小说梗概如下: 鲁滨逊出生于英国一个生活优裕的商人家庭,渴望航海冒险。他在巴西开办了种植园,看到当地缺少劳动力,转而去非洲贩卖黑奴。在一次航海途中,鲁滨逊遇险漂流到一座荒岛上。他凭借自己的智慧和力量,制造工具,种植谷物,驯养动物,经过十多年,生活居然“过得很很富裕”。宗教信仰是支撑鲁滨逊的重要力量,且是“在没有别人的帮助和教导下,通过自己阅读《圣经》无师自通的”。后来,鲁滨逊救出一个濒临被杀 精品 精细;挑选; 的“野人”,岛上居民也有所增加,整个小岛是他的个人财产,鲁滨逊获救回国后,还去“视察”过他的领地。 结合世界近代史的所学知识,从上述梗概中提取一个情节,指出它所反映的近代早期重大历史现象,并概述和评价该历史现象。(要求:简要写出所提取的小说情节及历史现象,对历史现象的概述和评价准确全面。)

请从下面所给的45、46、47四道历史题中任选一题作答,并用2B铅笔在答题卡上将所选题目对应的题号方框涂黑,按所涂题号进行评分;不涂、多涂均按所答第一题评分;多答按所答第一题评分。 45.【历史——选修1:历史上重大改革回眸】(15分) 材料 汉武帝的诸多统一政策中,包含年号的制定。此前的纪年方法是,将新君即位后的第二年作为元年,以在位年序纪年。皇帝在位时没有特定的名号,如汉景帝在位的第三年即称为“二年”,与其他皇帝的“二年”难以区分。此外,诸王国各以诸侯王之年纪事,更易产生混乱。汉武帝首次“封禅”泰山时,创制了“元封”年号,将当年称为“无封元年”。朝廷所定的年号通用于全国所有地方,后世根据年号也能明白是哪一年。此后,直到清朝末年,年号制都被沿用,且影响到朝鲜、日本、越南等国。 ——据(日)宫崎市定《中国史》等 ⑴根据材料,说明汉武帝改革前后纪年方法的区别。(6分) ⑵根据材料并结合所学知识,简析汉武帝年号制改革的历史意义。(9分) 46.【历史——选修3:20世纪的战争与和平】(15分) 材料一 在欧洲方面,德意志帝国集团和英法帝国主义集团之间,为了争夺对殖民地人民统治权的帝国主义大战,是迫在眉睫了。在战争中,为了欺骗人民,为了动员舆论,战争的双方都将不顾廉耻地宣称自己是正义的,而称对方是非正义的。——毛泽东《关于国际新形势对新华日报记者的谈话》(1939年9月) 材料二 这一太平洋战争,是日本法西斯为了侵略美国英国及其他各国而发动的非正义的掠夺的战争,而在美国英国及其他各国起而抵抗的一方面,则是为了保卫独立自由与民主的正义的解放的战争……全世界一切国家一切民族划分为举行侵略战争的法西斯阵线与举行解放战争的反法西斯战争阵线,已经最后地明朗化了。——摘自《中国共产党为太平洋战争的宣言》(1941年12月) ⑴根据材料一、二,说明中国共产党对第二次世界大战性质的不同认识。(4分) ⑵根据材料一、二并结合所学知识,分别说明中国共产党产生上述两种认识的国际背景。(11分) 47.【历史——选修4:中外历史人物评说】(15分) 材料 美国在建国初,由于国力弱小,加之受华盛顿“中立政策”的影响,没有制定任何针对拉美地区的政策。19世纪后,美国开始加强对这一地区的关注,并进行了长期渗透及武力干涉。1933年罗斯福上台后,正式宣布美国对邻国奉行“睦邻政策”,表示不干涉拉美国家的内部事务。随后罗斯福又呼吁美洲各国互相理解,消除一切阻碍正常贸易发展的人为障碍。1934年,德国在经济和政治上成功地渗入拉美。对此,罗斯福采取一系列措施,包括废除与古巴的不平等条约、从海地撤军等,只以政治、经济手段维护和扩大其在拉美的利益。到1939年欧战爆发前,美国已和11个拉美国家签订了互惠贸易协定,双方贸易迅速发展。——摘编自刘绪贻等主编《美国通史》 ⑴根据材料并结合所学知识,说明华盛顿“中立政策”和罗斯福“睦邻政策”基本特征的不同。(4分) ⑵根据材料并结合所学知识,说明罗斯福“睦邻政策”的作用及其实质。(11分)

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