初中英语宾语从句语法知识汇总

初中英语宾语从句语法知识汇总

一、定义：宾语是由一个句子来充当，这个句子就称作宾语从句。

I think he is a good student .

二、可接宾语从句的动词有say 、tell 、think、know、see、hear、hope、guess、find、feel 等，或由形容词构成的系表结构，如：afraid、sure、glad、sorry等

I hope that our team will win the match .

I am sure that I can pass the English exam easily .

三、宾语从句的标点符号。

宾语从句的标点符号取决于主句，如果主句是陈述句，句尾用句号，如果主句是疑问句，句尾用问号。

I don't know what his name is .

Do you know which school he studies in ?

四、引导词。

1、that （从句是肯定句时，引导词用that ，它本身无词义，不充当成分，在口语中可省略，但在正式场合不可省。）

2、if或whether （从句是一般疑问句时用if 或whether ，含义是“是否”。）

if 、whether 一般情况下可以互换，但在构成whether…or not 句式只用whether

3、连接代词、连接副词（从句是特殊疑问句时用）

连接代词(what、which、who、whose )

连接副词(when、where、how 、why )

五、宾语从句的同义句转换。

在宾语从句中经常会出现“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构，它可与“疑问词+主语+情态动词+动词原形”进行同义句转换。

Can you tell me how I can get to the station?

Can you tell me how to get to the station ?

六、宾语从句的语序。

宾语从句的语序都用陈述句语序（即正常的主谓语序）

He says that Jim will miss a lot of lessons .

He asked whether we should hold a sports meeting .

Do you know what the population of Dalian is ?

七、宾语从句的时态。

1、主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要选用任何时态。（从句中有明确的时间状语时应由时间状语来决定时态）

He says that he is good at English

He says that he has been ill for two days

I don't know if he will come tomorrow

2、主句是一般过去时，从句可根据需要用相应的过去某种时态。（即一般过去时、过去将来时、过去完成时等）

He asked me where I lived

He said that she had been ill for two days

She said that she would return soon

3、当从句讲述的是客观事实或真理时，从句时态不受主句的影响，都用一般现在时。

The teacher said “light travels faster than sound”

He said that the earth is round

特例：1 Could you tell me …委婉的语气，常按照一般现在时处理。Could you tell me where the nearest hospital is ?

2 从句中有确切的时间状语时，则根据其时间状语决定从句时态。He said he was born in 1997.(注意不用过去完成时)

八、宾语从句中的助动词。一般来说宾语从句中不再有助动词，即一般现在时的助动词do ,does ，一般过去时的助动词did就消失了。（但当从句是否定句除外）。

Do you like speaking English ?He wants to know .（改为宾语从句）

He wants to know if you like speaking English

特例： I want to know why he doesn't go to work by bike .

九、宾语从句中的动词变化。如果简单句变成了宾语从句，那么其谓语动词要相应的变化。常见的一般过去时的动词应用过去式；一般现在时的如果主语是第三人称单数的，动词要用单三形式，如果主语不是第三人称单数，动词都用原形；其他时态变成相应的时态的结构即可。

Where does he live ? Could you tell me (改为宾语从句)

Could you tell me where he lives ?

十、宾语从句变否定句。

如果主句的主语是第一人称I或we 时，并且谓语动词多为think、guess 、believe等表示心理活动的词时，变否定句要否定转移，即否定主句。否则，变否定句看从句。

I think chicken can swim (变否定句)

I don't think chicken can swim

He said that he would go shopping(变否定句)

He said that he would not go shopping

十一、宾语从句变反意疑问句

如果宾语从句的主句是第一人称I或we时，变反意疑问句时看从句。如果主句不是第一人称时则看主句。

I think he is a good student ,isn't he ?

They want to know if he is a good student , don't they ?

十二、简单句与复合句的转换

He丨found丨that he was a good student .

A 丨

B 丨C

A主语B谓语C宾语从句

He丨found丨him丨a good student .

A 丨

B 丨

C 丨D

A 主语

B 谓语

C 宾语Ｄ宾语补足语