研究生英语阅读教程课文参考译文(L10)
研究生新阶英语阅读教程+(1-4)参考译文
研究生新阶英语阅读教程（unit 1-4）参考译文unit oneText A 如何变‚末流‛为‚一流‛：哈佛对捐赠大户的回报1 初春的一个夜晚，暖意融融。
一群公司执行官、律师、石油巨子、理财经纪人、身价不菲的咨询师以及巨额财产继承人，悄然走出查尔斯宾馆和哈佛饭店的套房。
这些商界显要，男的个个头发花白，身着灰色西装──有的拄着手杖，有的则由于长期在哈佛运动队或网球队锻炼，一副运动员身材，充满活力、脸色红润；女的戴着丝巾，身穿苗条的黑色长裤，但其中几乎没有一张黑人和拉美人的面孔，他们穿过一道普通的门，走进安尼博格餐厅。
此次聚会，校内没有通报，媒体也不得报道。
２平常简朴的新生餐厅今天用连翘花和郁金香装点一新，客人们品尝着鸡尾酒、葡萄酒和牛柳、蟹黄蛋糕、芦笋尖等开胃小菜，享受着时任哈佛校长劳伦斯〃撒莫斯的殷勤。
有几位客人谈论着海斯特布丁俱乐部最近的那场演出，这个俱乐部是一个学生戏剧协会，每年春天都要上演一场音乐滑稽戏，由哈佛的男生男扮女装参加表演。
３过了一会儿，布臵在二楼阳台的哈佛乐队开始演奏‚万名哈佛人‛，客人们各自入席，烛光晚宴开始。
酒足饭饱之后，客人们兴高采烈，对撒莫斯校长的餐后致词报以阵阵掌声。
唯一例外的是，撒莫斯校长简要介绍学校计划扩大低收入家庭子女的招生，为年收入低于四万美元家庭的子女上哈佛提供免费教育，此时，校长似乎在等待在场贵宾们赞许的掌声，但竟然没有掌声。
我分析，这种令人尴尬的沉默传递了一个信号，甚至可称为威胁：你要是扩大招收低收入家庭的子女而将我们这些人的孩子拒之门外，我们就会停止数以百万计的捐款。
４4月8日的这顿晚宴，拉开了哈佛大学学校资源委员会（COUR）2005年年会的序幕。
该委员会或许是高等学校里一个最具财力的顾问团，但鲜为人知，媒体亦少有提及。
实际上COUR不是一般意义上的委员会──它并不正式制定学校政策或发表正式意见──但撒莫斯同其他任何一任哈佛校长一样，离不开COUR的支持。
研究生英语阅读教程(提高级 第三版)课文全翻译
课文全文参考译文第一课漏油经济：低估风险戴维伦哈特[1] 回想起来，模式似乎很清楚。
早在“深水地平线”钻机自爆前的很多年，BP 石油公司为了省钱甘冒安全的风险就已经声名狼藉。
2005 年得克萨斯州炼油厂爆炸中有15 名工人丧生。
联邦监管机构和前国务卿詹姆斯·贝克三世领导的专门小组认为，削减成本是事故的部分原因。
第二年，阿拉斯加腐蚀的管道将石油漏入普拉德霍湾。
就连乔·巴顿，对全球变暖持怀疑态度、来自得克萨斯州的共和党众议员，都谴责BP 管理人员“对安全和环境问题表现得漠不关心”。
[2] 这种冷漠大部分源于对利润的过度追求，不管出现什么情况。
但似乎也还有另一个因素在起作用，一个更普遍的人性的因素。
BP 的管理人员在估计似乎不太可能发生但一旦发生就会带来巨大损失的事件真正会发生的可能性时，犯了一个可怕的错误。
[3] 也许理解这一点最简单的方法就是思考一下BP 高管们如今的想法。
显然，考虑到清理费用和对BP 声誉的影响，高管们真希望可以回到过去，多花些钱让“深水地平线”更安全。
他们没有增加这笔费用就表明他们认为钻机在当时的状态下不会出问题。
[4] 尽管针对BP 高管的所有批评可能都是他们应得的，但是他们绝不是唯一艰难应对这种低概率、高成本事件的人。
几乎每个人都会如此。
“这些正是我们人类处理时很难做出合理反应的一类事件，”哈佛大学环境经济学家罗伯特·斯塔文斯说。
我们经常犯两种基本且性质相反的错误。
当一件事情是很难想象的，我们往往会低估它的可能性。
这就是众所周知的黑天鹅（稀有之物）现象。
大多数在“深水地平线”工作的人可能从未经历过钻井平台爆炸。
因此他们认为这不会发生，至少不会发生在他们身上。
[5] 同样，不久以前，本·伯南克和艾伦·格林斯潘也喜欢称全国房地产市场没有泡沫，因为以前从未有过泡沫。
华尔街交易员也持同样观点，他们建立的数学模型根本不存在房价下降的可能性。
高等学院研究生英语上reading-more中英对照翻译
研究生英语阅读综合教程上Reading More翻译Unit1Why Do We Work?Lawyers practice a difficult and demanding profession.They expect to be well compensated.In thinking about what that means,it can help to consider the basic question,“Why do we work?”Samuel Johnson supplied an obvious answer when he famously observed,“No man but a blockhead ever wrote，except for money.”But I am not being paid to write this article,and instead of labeling myself a blockhead,let me refer to the insight of eminent psychologist Theodor Reik:"Work and love—these are the basics.Without them there is neurosis."律师们从事的是一项要求很高又费神的职业。
他们期待优厚的报酬。
在思考这句话的含义时，考虑一下这个基本问题会对我们有所帮助：“我们为什么工作？”塞缪尔·约翰逊在他的著名论断“除了笨蛋没有人会写作，除非为了钱。
”中显然给出了答案。
但我写这篇文章时并没有人付我钱。
，而且我非但不会把自己当作傻瓜，还想引用一下著名的心理学家西奥多·赖克的深刻见解：“工作和爱——这是基本需求。
没有这两样，人就会得神经官能症。
”Why do we work?For money,but also for sanity.We expect and need to be compensated in nonmonetary ways.Noneconomic compensation matters to top-flight lawyers—otherwise,they would have long ago fled to investment w firms that want to recruit and retain the best (and the sanest)must compensate not only in dollars but also in psychic gratification.Accordingly, managers of elite firms need to think consciously about what lawyers are looking for beyond money.Here are some key noneconomic elements of compensation.我们为什么工作？为钱，也为有明智的头脑。
研究生英语阅读教程(基础级 第二版)lesson 10
10READING SELECTION AAmerican Values at the Crossroads注黄字体为课后生词[1]Faced with the rapid change and the fear and uncertainty that go with it, individuals(citizens) as well as(and)nation sometimes seek to return to the ways of the past as a solution. In the early 1980s the idea of returning to the ways of the past had a strong appeal to(attraction)many Americans who increasingly viewed their past as being better than their future. It has been observed that until the 1970s Americans generally believed that the present was a better time for their country than the past and that the future would better than the present; by 1978, however,public opinion polls showed that many Americans had come to believe that just the opposite was true: the past had been better for the country than the present, and the present was better than the future would be.[2] The popular(present)appeal(desire)of returning to the ways(styles)of the past as a solution (solve->solution) to the problems of the 1980s was demonstrated(shown)when Ronald Reagan was elected President of the United States in 1980.Time magazine chose President Reagan as its "man of the year' and said of(commented)him: "intellectually, emotionally, Reagan lives in the past."[3] One of President Reagan's basic beliefs is that the United States should return as much as possible to its pre-1930 ways. In those times business institutions(organization)were strong and government institutions were weak. Reagan believed that American values of individual freedom and competition are strengthened by business and weakened by government. Therefore, his programs(goal/ objectives)as President have been designed to greatly strengthen business and reduce the size and power of the national government. By moving in this way toward the practices of the past, President Reagan believed that the standard of living of Americans would begin to improve once more(again)in the 1980s as it had done throughout most of the nation's history.[4] A number of leaders in politics, education, and the professions take a different approach (method)than does President Reagan. They believe that the nation must adopt(use/ make use of)new values to go along with(together with)the old values and that it must be prepared to make some changes in the old values when(it is)necessary.[5] What new values should be adopted? This is a very difficult question to answer. However, it became clear in the 1970s that there was no longer an abundance of cheap energy and that shortages of other essential(basic/most important)resources such as water were becoming more serious. These facts suggested(show)to many Americans that a greater value(should)be placed on the conservation of national resources, that is (namely/ i.e.), that Americans should save more of these resources by learning to use less and waste less.[6]Conservation has never been a strong American value. Because of the vast resources and space of North America, Americans came to believe that abundance was endless (unlimited). In such an environment, there seemed to be little need for conservation of resources. After World War II Americans believed that their modern technology could work(create)wonders and provide a never-ending increase in their standard of living. It is not surprising, therefore, that in the United States before the 1980s,conservation had little importance(when it is)compared with such other values as freedom, equality of opportunity, hard work, and the accumulation of material wealth.[7] There is some evidence that the experience of greater shortages of energy during the 1970s caused Americans to place more emphasis on conservation. For example, a poll(survey)taken at the end of the decade showed that 66% of Americans agreed with the statement: "I'm not unhappy about the possibility of shortages because I know it will encourage(urge)me to use everything efficiently and not wastefully."[8] Some people, however, believe that poll results like these reveal only part of the truth.Although Americans may agree with statements supporting the value of conservation, most of them are not yet applying these beliefs in their day-to-day(daily)actions (life).[9] Belief in conservation, therefore, is still weak(when it is)compared with other American beliefs. It can become stronger only as(when)Americans see the need for it more and more clearly. Conservation may well be (become)a new value which needs to be added to the old basic values in order to help the United States deal with its future problems.[10] A second belief which has never been strong among the American people is the belief that the value of cooperation on a national scale to achieve some important national(goal)objectives. The American idea of the national good(n./ benefit/ interest)has never been based on national cooperation but rather on the freedom of the individual. Americans, therefore, tend to think of the national good in terms of maintaining(keeping)those conditions that provide the greatest freedom for the individual. They believe that a nation of free individuals will be naturally strong and prosperous. Planned efforts at national cooperation, therefore, are not needed. More important, planned efforts at national cooperation would mean increasing the powers of the national government, which would endanger the freedom of the individual.[11] The American value of competition also hinders the development of a spirit of national cooperation. Even though competitive activity is supposed to(=should)be conducted(directed/ done) according to fair rules (fair play), it does not encourage a spirit of cooperation. Rather (instead/ On the contrary), it sometimes encourages a spirit of mutual suspicion(suspect)of the motives(purpose/ desire)of the others. A certain degree of trust in the motives of others is necessary for the success of efforts in national cooperation.[12] In time of war Americans have temporarily put aside their dislike of planned national cooperation. They have been willing to cooperate and make personal sacrifices under the direction (=leadership)of the national government to bring the war to satisfactory conclusion (=end). In peacetime, however, planned national cooperation is strongly resisted as a threat to individual freedom.[13] The almost (nearly) unique American historical experience gives us a deeper understanding of this attitude. Almost every nation in the world has had, or still has, the experience of being ruled by kings, emperors,dictators, or a hereditary class of aristocrats. Such rulers are not elected by the free votes of the people and they have the power to say what the national good is and to force their people to cooperate if they cannot persuade them to do so. Out of(among)these experiences there have developed traditions and habits of cooperation, sometimes for good purposes and sometimes for evil (bad/ wrong)purposes.[14] Americans have never had the experience of being forced to cooperate on a national scale by nonelected rulers. For a time, they were the colonists of Great Britain and were legally(bind)bound to obey rulers in England whom they did not elect, but the British government allowed the colonists a great deal of freedom and self-government by the standards of the day. Still(Furthermore)the American colonists were not long(soon)in demanding (requiring) more freedom and self-government, and finally declaring their independence in 1776. From the time of their independence, Americans have freely elected their rulers. The experience of being compelled to cooperate by unelected national leaders is completely foreign(strange)to their experience. They are fearful(=fear)that any scheme (plan) of national cooperation in peacetime will weaken or destroy their freedoms.[15] Americans have always viewed(considered/ regarded)cooperation as important in small groups such as the family, the neighborhood, or the church. But on the large national scale where government becomes involved, it is seen(considered/ regarded)as coercive and destructive rather than voluntary and constructive.American tend to associate the greatness of their nation far more with such values as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, hard work, and competition than with national cooperation.[16] Yet the demands(=needs)of the 1980s may compel (force) Americans to place(emphasize)a greater value on national cooperation. It may well be that some of the problems facing them, such as scarcity of resources and the dangers of air and water pollution, cannot be solved without a greater degree of national cooperation.[17] If Americans choose (=decide) to give more emphasis to national cooperation, they will probably be very cautious about it. In order to protect their freedoms, they will move slowly in a step-by-step, problem-by-problem fashion (way), rather than accept a sweeping new plan involving dramatic change. Because of their tradition of self-government, they will probably insist on(persist in doing sth.)a good deal of public discussion before any step toward national cooperation is taken.[18] Some observers believe that this slow, cautious approach may be too weak and too timid to meet the challenges of the future. Americans, however, believe that sudden revolutionary changes made in the name of(in the honor)the national good usually result in(lead to)dictatorships in which freedom is lost and problems remain unsolved.[19] In the 1980s Americans may have arrived at a critical point in their nation's history, where major dangers must be faced and major choices must be made.On the one hand, they will wish to avoid the risk of making too many changes in the basic values which have inspired(encouraged)them in the past. On the other hand, they must avoid what may be the greater risk of refusing to change their values at all even though conditions are changing rapidly all around them. The events of the past two decades have brought the American people and their basic values to a crossroads in their history. The last two decades of the twentieth century will determine where they will go from there. (1, 530 words) II. VocabularyA. Complete each the following sentences with the appropriate forms of the words given.注每个题目后面出现的相同标号的题目是备考查单词在课文里出现的原句1. He hoped to strengthen (strength) the position of the sciences in the leading universities.（1）Reagan believed that American values of individual freedom and competition are strengthened by business and weakened by government.（1）Therefore, his programs(goal/ objectives)as President have been designed to greatly strengthen business and reduce the size and power of the national government.2. We took an abundant(abundance) supply of food with us when we went hiking in the mountains.（2）However, it became clear in the 1970s that there was no longer an abundance of cheap energy and that shortages of other essential(basic/most important)resources such as water were becoming more serious.Because of the vast resources and space of North America, Americans came to believe that abundance was endless (unlimited).3.Conservation (conserve) is the protection of plants and animals, natural areas, and interesting and important structures and buildings, especially from the damaging effect of human activity.（3）These facts suggested (show) to many Americans that a greater value (should)be placed on the conservation of national resources, that is (namely/ i.e.), that Americans should save more of these resources by learning to use less and waste less.Conservation has never been a strong American value.In such an environment, there seemed to be little need for conservation of resources.There is some evidence that the experience of greater shortages of energy during the 1970scaused Americans to place more emphasis on conservation.Although Americans may agree with statements supporting the value of conservation, most of them are not yet applying these beliefs in their day-to-day (daily) actions (life).Belief in conservation, therefore, is still weak (when it is) compared with other American beliefs.It is not surprising, therefore, that in the United States before the 1980s,conservation had little importance (when it is)compared with such other values as freedom, equality of opportunity, hard work, and the accumulation of material wealth.Conservation may well be (become) a new value which needs to be added to the old basic values in order to help the United States deal with its future problems.4. And if you're emotionally connected to it, you also get intellectually (intellect) connected to it; you want to learn more about it.（4）Time magazine chose President Reagan as its "man of the year' and said of (commented) him: "intellectually, emotionally, Reagan lives in the past."5. Relief (rescue/ relieve)workers are concerned over(=worried about)the shortage (short) of food and shelter in the refugee camps. (shelter sb. from sth./ seek refuge)（5）However, it became clear in the 1970s that there was no longer an abundance of cheap energy and that shortages of other essential (basic/most important) resources such as water were becoming more serious.There is some evidence that the experience of greater shortages of energy during the 1970s caused Americans to place more emphasis on conservation.For example, a poll (survey) taken at the end of the decade showed that 66% of Americans agreed with the statement: "I'm not unhappy about the possibility of shortages because I know it will encourage (urge) me to use everything efficiently and not wastefully."6. It is proposed(=suggested)at this conference that the law should impose penalties on companies that use energy wastefully (waste). [suggest sb. (doing) sth./ that sb do sth.]= [sb. (should) do sth.]（6）For example, a poll (survey) taken at the end of the decade showed that 66% of Americans agreed with the statement: "I'm not unhappy about the possibility of shortages because I know it will encourage (urge) me to use everything efficiently and not wastefully."7. It is hard(difficult)to believe that in this prosperous (prosper) country, hunger could be a serious problem.（7）They believe that a nation of free individuals will be naturally strong and prosperous. Planned efforts at national cooperation, therefore, are not needed.8. We must be careful not to do anything that might endanger (danger) the economic recovery.（8）More important, planned efforts at national cooperation would mean increasing the powers of the national government, which would endanger the freedom of the individual.9. This disease is hereditary (heredity), so chances are(possibly/ likely)that her daughter may suffer from it too.（9）Almost every nation in the world has had, or still has, the experience of being ruled by kings, emperors,dictators, or a hereditary class of aristocrats.10. The president relied on(=depend on)the coercive (coerce) powers of the military and the police to enforce law and order.（10）But on the large national scale where government becomes involved, it is seen (considered/ regarded)as coercive and destructive rather than voluntary and constructive.B. Choose the best ward or expression from the list given for each blank. use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.bound to compel dictator constructive suspiciongo along with appeal accumulation endanger mutual注每个题目后面出现的相同标号的题目是备考查单词在课文里出现的原句1. The main appeal(attraction)these bonds hold for(is meaningful)individual investors is the safety and peace of mind they offer (give). (sth.appeals to sb.)（1）In the early 1980s the idea of returning to the ways of the past had a strong appeal to (attraction) many Americans who increasingly viewed their past as being better than their future.The popular (present)appeal (desire) of returning to the ways (styles) of the past as a solution (solve->solution) to the problems of the 1980s was demonstrated (shown) when Ronald Reagan was elected President of the United States in 1980.2. He argues that Americans have been too compliant (=obedient), too willing(ready)to go along with politicians who would reduce their liberties (=freedom), not expand them. (statute of liberty)（2）They believe that the nation must adopt (use/ make use of) new values to go along with (together with) the old values and that it must be prepared to make some changes in the old values when (it is) necessary.3. Despite(=in spite of)these improvements the scientists say that the Baltic Sea continues to be "imperiled(endangered)by the long-term accumulation of toxic (poisonous) chemicals".（3）It is not surprising, therefore, that in the United States before the 1980s, conservation had little importance(when it is)compared with such other values as freedom, equality of opportunity, hard work, and the accumulation of material wealth.4. Toxic(poisonous)waste could endanger lives and poison fish.（4）More important, planned efforts at national cooperation would mean increasing the powers of the national government, which would endanger the freedom of the individual.5. The East and the West can work together for their mutual benefit and progress.（5）Rather (instead/ On the contrary),it sometimes encourages a spirit of mutual suspicion (suspect) of the motives (purpose/ desire) of the others.6. The authorities will be legally bound(bind)to arrest any suspects.（6）For a time, they were the colonists of Great Britain and were legally(bind)bound to obey rulers in England whom they did not elect, but the British government allowed the colonists a great deal of freedom and self-government by the standards of the day.7. In the United States cyclists are compelled to wear a helmet for the sake of safety. circle->cycle-bicycle（7）From the time of their independence, Americans have freely elected their rulers. The experience of being compelled to cooperate by unelected national leaders is completely foreign (strange)to their experience.Yet the demands(=needs)of the 1980s may compel (force) Americans to place(emphasize)a greater value on national cooperation.8. Following the fall of the military dictator in March, the country has had a civilian (<->military)government.（8）Almost every nation in the world has had, or still has, the experience of being ruled by kings, emperors,dictators, or a hereditary class of aristocrats.9. After their meeting, both men described the talks as frank, friendly and constructive(<->destructive; positive<->negative).（9）But on the large national scale where government becomes involved, it is seen (considered/ regarded) as coercive and destructive rather than voluntary and constructive.10. He was arrested on suspicion of drunk driving. (suspect)（10）Rather (instead/ On the contrary), it sometimes encourages a spirit of mutual suspicion (suspect)of the motives(purpose/ desire)of the others.课文参考译文第＋课A处在＋字路口的美国价值观爱德华· N·卡尼[l]面对急剧的社会变化以及与之俱来的恐惧和不稳定感，无论个人还是国家时而都会想起以往的模式，以求应对。
研究生英语高级教程课文参考译文
Unit 1Waking Up from the American Dream Background Information1. The American dream: The American Dream is the concept widely held in the United States of America, that through hard work, courage and determination, one can achieve prosperity (often associated with the Protestant work ethic). These were the values of the original pioneers who crossed the American plains when Northern Europeans first came to America. What the American dream has become is a question under constant discussion.History of the American dream: The origin of the American dream stems from the departure in government and economics from the models of the Old World. This allowed unprecedented freedom, especially the possibility of dramatic upward social mobility. Additionally, from the Revolutionary War well into the later half of the nineteenth century, many of America's physical resources were unclaimed and often undiscovered, allowing the possibility of coming across a fortune through relatively little, but lucky investment in land or industry. The development of the Industrial Revolution defined the mineral and land wealth which was there in abundance, contrary to the environmental riches such as huge herds of bison and diversity of forests, for the original Native Americans.Many early Americans prospectors headed west of the Rocky Mountains to buy acres of cheap land in hopes of finding deposits of gold. The American dream was a driving factor not only in the Gold Rush of the mid to late 1800s, but also in the waves of immigration throughout that century and the following.Impoverished western Europeans escaping the Irish potato famines in Ireland, the Highland clearances in Scotland and the aftermath of Napoleon in the rest of Europe came to America to escape a poor quality of life at home. They wanted to embrace the promise of financial security and constitutional freedom they had heard existed so widely in the United States.The American dream today: In the 20th century, the American dream had its challenges. The Depression caused widespread hardship during the Twenties and Thirties, and was almost a reverse of the dream for those directly affected. Racial instability did not disappear, and in some parts of the country racial violence was almost commonplace. There was concern about the undemocratic campaign known as McCarthyism carried on against suspected Communists. Since the end of World War II, young American families have sought to live in relative bourgeois comfort in the suburbs that they built up. This was aided as a vision by the apparent winning of the Cold War.2. Wal-Mart:Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. was founded by Sam Walton, a legend of American retail industry, in Arkansas in 1962. After 44 years of growth, it has become the world‘s largest private employer and retailer. The company employs over 1.8 million associates worldwide and operates more than 6,600 units in 15 countries. Wal-Mart serves more than 176 million customers worldwide per week.Language Points1.run out of steam: become exhausted2.Upward mobility diminished even more in the 1980s as globalization and technologyslammed blue-collar wages: ―Slammed‖ here means ―make…slip rapidly‖. 3.…minting dot-com millionaires by the thousands, …: A lot of people became millionairesby running websites in 1990s when the economy was booming.4.It’s hard to find a job with a career ladder these days, and a B.A. would be an edge: It‘shard to find a job that can provide opportunity to move up these days and those with a B.A.would have advantage over others.5.Restoring American mobility is less a question of knowing what to do than of making ithappen: Restoring American mobility is a question of making it happen rather than a question of knowing what to do.Answer keysI. Reading ComprehensionA. 1. A 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. A10. BB.Open.II. VocabularyA. 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. AB. 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. A8. D 9. B 10. C III. Cloze1. A2. B3. D4. A5. C6. A7. B8. C9. B 10. DIV. TranslationA. 壳牌公司努力构建的管理风格是让雇员直接参与影响其工作的决策。
研究生新阶英语阅读教程 (1-9)参考译文
研究生新阶英语阅读教程（unit 1-4）参考译文unit oneText A 如何变‚末流‛为‚一流‛：哈佛对捐赠大户的回报1 初春的一个夜晚，暖意融融。
一群公司执行官、律师、石油巨子、理财经纪人、身价不菲的咨询师以及巨额财产继承人，悄然走出查尔斯宾馆和哈佛饭店的套房。
这些商界显要，男的个个头发花白，身着灰色西装──有的拄着手杖，有的则由于长期在哈佛运动队或网球队锻炼，一副运动员身材，充满活力、脸色红润；女的戴着丝巾，身穿苗条的黑色长裤，但其中几乎没有一张黑人和拉美人的面孔，他们穿过一道普通的门，走进安尼博格餐厅。
此次聚会，校内没有通报，媒体也不得报道。
２平常简朴的新生餐厅今天用连翘花和郁金香装点一新，客人们品尝着鸡尾酒、葡萄酒和牛柳、蟹黄蛋糕、芦笋尖等开胃小菜，享受着时任哈佛校长劳伦斯〃撒莫斯的殷勤。
有几位客人谈论着海斯特布丁俱乐部最近的那场演出，这个俱乐部是一个学生戏剧协会，每年春天都要上演一场音乐滑稽戏，由哈佛的男生男扮女装参加表演。
３过了一会儿，布臵在二楼阳台的哈佛乐队开始演奏‚万名哈佛人‛，客人们各自入席，烛光晚宴开始。
酒足饭饱之后，客人们兴高采烈，对撒莫斯校长的餐后致词报以阵阵掌声。
唯一例外的是，撒莫斯校长简要介绍学校计划扩大低收入家庭子女的招生，为年收入低于四万美元家庭的子女上哈佛提供免费教育，此时，校长似乎在等待在场贵宾们赞许的掌声，但竟然没有掌声。
我分析，这种令人尴尬的沉默传递了一个信号，甚至可称为威胁：你要是扩大招收低收入家庭的子女而将我们这些人的孩子拒之门外，我们就会停止数以百万计的捐款。
４4月8日的这顿晚宴，拉开了哈佛大学学校资源委员会（COUR）2005年年会的序幕。
该委员会或许是高等学校里一个最具财力的顾问团，但鲜为人知，媒体亦少有提及。
实际上COUR不是一般意义上的委员会──它并不正式制定学校政策或发表正式意见──但撒莫斯同其他任何一任哈佛校长一样，离不开COUR的支持。
研究生英语综合教程下unit1、6、10原文+翻译个人整理版
生活，我们所需要的不仅仅是愉悦的感受。我们这个时代的人对幸福的追求已经
缩小到只追求福气:一生没有烦恼，没有痛苦和困惑。
、5 This anodyne definition of well-being leaves out the be er half of the story, the
这种对幸福的平淡定义忽略了问题的主要方面—种富有意义的生活所带来的那
种丰富、完整的愉悦。那就是幸福背后隐藏的那种本质—是我们在明智的男男女 女身上所欣赏到并渴望在我们自己生活中培育的那种不可言喻的品质。事实证 明，一些遭受苦难最多的人-他们被迫全力应付他们未曾预料到的打击，并重新 思考他们生活的意义—或许对那种深刻的、给人以强烈满足感的人生经历 (哲学 家们过去称之为对“美好生活”的探寻)最有发言权。
我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真
正的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中 :在最困难 的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。对那些令人极度 恐慌的经历作出 积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。实际上，大约半
数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在某些方面有了改善。
、4 Those who weather adversity well are living proof of one of the paradoxes of
happiness: We need more than pleasure to live the best possible life. Our contemporary quest for happiness has shriveled to a hunt for bliss —a life protected from bad feelings, free from pain and confusion.
河海大学研究生英语教程1-10单元翻译
本文只针对期末考试重点课文的翻译。
突然发出警告信号。
“第二天早上，灯光依然可见。
风暴已经平息了，人们派出一条救生船前去查看情况。
等待人们的却是一个不忍目睹的场面——马丁和布莱克的起居室一片骇人景象，桌子翻倒在地，一副牌散得到处都是，地板上溅满了血迹。
营救人员爬上旋梯来到灯塔间，在那儿发现了马丁的尸体蜷缩在仍然亮着的灯旁。
他是被戳死的。
两天后，布莱克的尸体被潮水冲了上来，他身上划破多处，浑身青肿，伤得不轻。
“我们只是在那时才猜测到究竟发生了什么事。
这场大惨剧只是由于他们俩再次争吵而引起的。
他们准是因为与世隔绝而心烦意孔，于是开始玩牌。
马丁又怀疑布莱克耍赖，指责这位原先的朋友不老实。
接着一场格斗发生了，布莱克一把操起刀子，在一阵狂怒之下向他的伙伴刺去，马丁受了致命伤而倒下。
布莱克被自己的行为惊呆了。
他受不了这里的孤独寂寞以及风浪的拍击声，于是狂奔到栏杆边纵身投向下面的岩石。
接着大海吞噬了他。
“但当时马丁还活着。
过了几小时，也就是在天色暗下来以后，他苏醒过来，想起了自己点灯的职责。
于是，可怜的马丁忍着剧痛，慢慢地爬上旋梯，一步一步地爬到灯前。
用最后剩下的一口气，他点亮了灯塔，然后倒下。
“数年后，据说那座灯塔闹鬼了。
就因为这些传说，当地迷信的居民中没有人愿意接替做灯塔管理员。
如今人们都说，每年到出事的那一天，尤其是当海上风急浪高的时候，人们站在起居室里就能听到摔牌声和怒吼声，就能看到刀刃的寒光，还会瞥见一个人影奔向栏杆，然后听到一个人缓慢地向塔顶爬去。
”老头停了停，我转身欲走。
“对了，”他又开口了，“今天下午您有空吗?要是有空，干吗不到那座灯塔去喝杯茶?今天我们开专船，收费一镑，人们在原址建造了一座新灯塔，我兄弟买下了那座旧的。
他能沏好茶——茶钱都算在船费里了——价钱公道，要知道搞到食品是很费事的。
如果您对鬼之类的神奇东西有那么一点儿兴趣的话，这可能是一次不寻常的，大概还是不可思议的经历呢。
”我以赏识的目光打量了他一下说：“您真是在浪费您的才能。
研究生英语阅读教程(提高级 第三版)
课文全文参考译文第一课漏油经济：低估风险戴维伦哈特·[1] 回想起来，模式似乎很清楚。
早在“深水地平线”钻机自爆前的很多年，BP 石油公司为了省钱甘冒安全的风险就已经声名狼藉。
2005 年得克萨斯州炼油厂爆炸中有15 名工人丧生。
联邦监管机构和前国务卿詹姆斯·贝克三世领导的专门小组认为，削减成本是事故的部分原因。
第二年，阿拉斯加腐蚀的管道将石油漏入普拉德霍湾。
就连乔·巴顿，对全球变暖持怀疑态度、来自得克萨斯州的共和党众议员，都谴责BP 管理人员“对安全和环境问题表现得漠不关心”。
[2] 这种冷漠大部分源于对利润的过度追求，不管出现什么情况。
但似乎也还有另一个因素在起作用，一个更普遍的人性的因素。
BP 的管理人员在估计似乎不太可能发生但一旦发生就会带来巨大损失的事件真正会发生的可能性时，犯了一个可怕的错误。
[3] 也许理解这一点最简单的方法就是思考一下BP 高管们如今的想法。
显然，考虑到清理费用和对BP 声誉的影响，高管们真希望可以回到过去，多花些钱让“深水地平线”更安全。
他们没有增加这笔费用就表明他们认为钻机在当时的状态下不会出问题。
[4] 尽管针对BP 高管的所有批评可能都是他们应得的，但是他们绝不是唯一艰难应对这种低概率、高成本事件的人。
几乎每个人都会如此。
“这些正是我们人类处理时很难做出合理反应的一类事件，”哈佛大学环境经济学家罗伯特·斯塔文斯说。
我们经常犯两种基本且性质相反的错误。
当一件事情是很难想象的，我们往往会低估它的可能性。
这就是众所周知的黑天鹅（稀有之物）现象。
大多数在“深水地平线”工作的人可能从未经历过钻井平台爆炸。
因此他们认为这不会发生，至少不会发生在他们身上。
[5] 同样，不久以前，本·伯南克和艾伦·格林斯潘也喜欢称全国房地产市场没有泡沫，因为以前从未有过泡沫。
华尔街交易员也持同样观点，他们建立的数学模型根本不存在房价下降的可能性。
研究生英语阅读教程翻译
Unit One1.Let us reflect and we shall see that there is great reason to hope that death is a good, for one of two things---either death is a state of nothingness and utter unconsciousness, or, as men say, there is a change and migration of the soul from this world to another. 或者我们换个角度考虑这个问题，我们会看到有很充分的理由让我们相信死亡是很好的事情，因为死亡无非是两种可能情况之一：或者他就是空空的一无所有也一无所知，或者，他就是象人们说的，是灵魂的一种迁移，从这个世界，到另外一个世界。
2.I shall then be able to continue my search into true and false knowledge; as in this world, so also in the next; and I shall find out who is wise, and who pretends to be wise, and who is not.最重要的是，在那儿我可以继续我对真实和虚假知识的研究，就象在这个世界上一样，在那个世界也可以这么去做，我会辨别谁是真正聪明的，谁只是装作聪明而实际上是个笨蛋。
jurisprudential: a.法理学的jurisprudence: n.法学,法理学jurisprudent: n. 法理学家; a. 精通法律的Cf. juristic; juryprosecute: v. 1) 对…起诉2)彻底进行,执行eg. prosecute an investigation3) 从事, 经营eg. prosecute a tradeprosecutor :原告, 起诉人persecute: v.(尤指由于政治,宗教信仰不同) 迫害,残害abide: v. (古)逗留, 住; 遵守abide byeg. abide by disciplineabide by consequencesE-C毋庸置疑，任何人都要为自己的一生辩护，不管是今生还是来世。
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第十课 A我和松鼠妈妈谈条件玛尔格特戴弗林（1）我和我的丈夫最近从郊区搬到了城里。
（2）两周前我正在书房读书的时候，听到了一阵骚乱声。
为了保护我们新婚的家不受入侵者的骚扰，我拿起了致命的防卫武器——一把扫帚，小心地下了楼。
（3）我走到外面想看看入侵者是从什么地方来的。
正当我四处寻找的时候，看见了这个坏家伙从门廊的屋顶上出现了。
根据它弄出的声音我原以为是一只 50 磅重的浣熊，但是我错了，它只是一只半磅重的灰色的毛茸茸的松鼠。
我拿起扫把嘘声将它赶走，但是第二天我听见它又来了。
（4）我上网搜索了有关松鼠的信息，我发现因为松鼠是啮齿类动物，它们的牙齿会不断地长长，因此它们就必须经常啃食东西来把牙齿磨短。
我了解到它们经常会啃电线，这样房子就有失火的危险。
这倒是挺烦人的。
因此我让我们家的副总裁——也就是我的丈夫——打电话给野生动物管理人员。
星期六的时候，他给第一家公司打电话，他们安排下星期四来处理。
然后他又给另一家公司打电话，他们说可以在星期一上午派人来看看。
（5）星期一上午来了两个抽烟的人。
他们抽完了烟，就大摇大摆地走进了前门廊。
“喂，小夫人！”他们其中的一位摆着一付约翰威恩式样子问到：“捣蛋鬼在什么地方？”（6）我很不自然地指了指门廊的顶部，现在那儿放了一小块写着“欢迎来访”的脚垫。
我看见了洞里的育儿室，而这两个家伙把小松鼠掏出来扔到了雪地上。
我再一次强调让他们不要伤害她。
（7）他们怒气冲冲地说：“我们是慈善学会推荐的”，但是我注意到了他们把电棍放回了卡车，取而代之，拿出了一种有春天香味的除臭剂，在松鼠的窝里喷了几下。
他们告诉我松鼠不喜欢这种味道，因此会逃走。
对此我有点怀疑，因为这种味道挺好闻的。
（8）没有看到松鼠妈妈，所以他们就把洞给堵上了，然后跟我要了一张 250美元的支票，一溜烟地跑了。
他们还给了我一张保修卡。
我是比较容易受骗的那种人，因此我想跟我打交道的这家公司还算是挺有诚信的。
（9）他们走了不一会儿松鼠妈妈大老远的购物回来了。
看到自己被驱逐了，她很不高兴。
我想从她窝里发出的除臭剂的味道对她来说就像我们用来诱猫用的猫薄荷的味道吧。
她开始拼命地抓门廊的屋顶。
大块的木削到处乱飞。
为了不让她破坏我的家，我再一次拿着扫帚出来把她赶走。
我向我们家的副总裁报告了此事。
他让我继续监视事态的发展并准备好PowerPoint 幻灯片，等他回家时向他报告。
（10）晚上，听过了我生动的报告之后，他说他得把这事搁一搁，以后再说。
他给第一家公司打电话取消了星期四上午的预约。
（11）这之后，松鼠妈妈每天都继续来侵害我们的家。
现在门廊的地上有很多木削，我不得不用锹把它们弄走。
我再一次打电话向副总裁报告。
他问我是不是想让他放下手中的重要工作，回家用木板把松鼠洞堵上。
因为当时他是家里唯一挣钱养家的人，我还得吃饭啊，所以我叹了口气说“那就这么着吧！”（12）然后我拿出了野生动物管理公司的保修卡，给他们打电话说：“松鼠妈妈又回来了！” 该公司的接线员告诉我，如果松鼠妈妈是想办法从别的地方进到门廊顶上的，那么我还得重新付钱。
我回答说从道德上讲，我不可能拿我丈夫辛苦挣来的钱去给那些野生动物专家去解烟瘾，然后就把电话挂了。
（13）我走到门廊使劲地敲了敲屋顶，松鼠妈妈出来瞪了我一眼。
我们开始谈条件，最后双方答成了一致的意见后，各自回家了。
（14）第二天我看到第一家公司的卡车在门口停了下来。
因为我们已经取消了预约，因此我跑出去看看他们为什么又来了。
我不想为这些吸烟的人付钱。
（很明显所有野生动物专家都吸烟，因为他们的压力太大了）。
我向他们解释我丈夫已经打过电话取消了预约。
当我站在门廊里跟他们说话的时候，松鼠妈妈拖着一大块隔热海绵大摇大摆地走了过去。
她是想重新装修她的家。
我们俩互相点了点头，因为根据条款我们之间应该讲文明礼貌。
野生动物管理公司的那家伙看着松鼠妈妈费劲地把海绵拖上门廊屋顶，然后又看了看我。
我有点不自然地笑了笑，还没等他说什么就跑进层里去了。
（15）虽然我看到许多隔热海绵被从我们家的车库里拖了出去，而且邻居家的女儿还说她过家家的房子里的一些玩具家具不见了，但基本上一切还算平静。
我现在仍想把松鼠妈妈赶走，但是我想等天暖和了，最好松鼠妈妈再生下小松鼠之后再赶走它们。
然而没有了这个勤劳的松鼠妈妈作邻居，我也许会寂寞的，所以我正考虑向副总裁提出一项工作建议：换一套管理费低一些的经济适用型公寓。
必竟，松鼠妈妈为了建设和改造她的家付出了那么多，这也算是松鼠中常见的装修改造了。
第十课 B妻子志入议院弗格斯波德维奇（1）“我得跟你谈谈！”琼闯进我的办公室，大声喊道。
我转过身来，担心发生了什么糟糕的事情。
只见妻子咧着嘴，笑着说，“我要参加议员竞选了！”（2）琼随即把那些新闻对我说了，我们州的一位议员刚刚出人意料地宣布，他不会再度参选。
他的席位空出来了，琼想得到这个席位。
（3）我的思绪在急速翻腾。
琼妻子我们的八岁女儿的妈妈议员？可是一转念我又想，为什么不行呢？她曾是纽约市郊雷德胡克镇镇委会的一员，一度担任过华盛顿州一位参议员的助手。
在克洛伊出生前，她还做过成功的商业主管。
当然，这将是她所做的最大胆的决定，可谁比她更有资格这样做呢？“好吧，”我不由地说，“我支持你。
”（4）事实上，我对我们竞选的内容一无所知。
这没什么要紧的，因为面对环滑车般的起落不定，如何能做出充分的准备呢？（5）几周以后，琼昂首走进了民主党议员选举委员会位于华盛顿的办公室，开始为筹集资金做宣传。
“你是个不错的候选人，”一位三十来岁的年轻职员说。
琼笑了笑。
“可是你赢不了，你的对手数不胜数。
”在我们选区，登记在册的共和党候选人数大大超过了民主党候选人数，比例差不多是二比一。
（6）尽管如此，他们还是叫她继续参选，并且为了可靠起见，雇用一位竞选顾问。
（7）我们的顾问名叫肯克里斯滕森，他是从华盛顿坐火车赶来的，刚下火车，看起来有些窘迫，像个身着黑色西服的殡仪员，他身材瘦削，神情紧张，一身的汗。
（8）他说干就干。
“你们需要一间办公室，”他厉声说，“把你们的车钥匙给我。
”四个小时后，他就在雷德胡克镇的主街上租到了地方，买了好几箱东西，从中取出几个电话机、传真机和文件夹。
（9）“你们有多少钱？”克里斯滕森问。
琼已经筹集了两万美元。
琼告诉他我们在银行的存款。
“把钱花了，”克里斯滕森对琼说。
（10）琼惊愕地哽了一声。
（11）“ 你们至少得筹集五十万美元，” 克里斯滕森说，“ 这两星期必须筹到其中的十万。
否则你们就没戏了。
”（12）就这样，日复一日地，琼坐在一间连个窗户都没有、别号“锅炉房”的小房子里，给她的家人、大学室友和我高中以来的朋友打电话。
这些电话常让她感到窘迫难受。
有一位亲戚，琼和她亲切、友好地聊了一会之后，就支支吾吾地说了句请对方捐助的话。
（13）“哦，琼，难道你不知道我支持共和党吗？”对方冷冷地说。
（14）“我是想，就算帮我一个忙吧，”琼低声说。
（15）没了。
琼心里一紧，但还是接着打电话。
（16）克里斯滕森到此两个星期后，我的妻子从“锅炉房”里出来了。
“我们筹到款了！”琼大声地说。
她设法筹到了十万六千美元。
（17）民主党议员选举委员会的官员们被打动了。
一项民意测验显示，琼和她的对手不相上下。
即使如此，也不能使那些官员们确信琼有希望当选。
委员会什么也不愿帮她。
（18）他们的答复让我大吃一惊。
琼的反应呢？“我想这次真要靠自己了，”她轻声地说出每个字，但眼中闪过一丝坚毅的亮光。
（19）我的妻子现在终于可以在晚上好好睡上一觉了，可是三个小时后她就从床上跳了起来，精力充沛，就像比她年轻一半的二十多岁的年青人一样。
她和“美国军团”的退伍老兵一起嚼烤排。
她参加哈德孙市的国庆大游行。
她甚至去乡镇集市，在别人的劝说之下，参加一场奶牛清洗比赛。
看她用海绵把奶牛满身的泥巴和牛粪清洗下来，围观的人高声叫了起来。
一个农夫说，“这可以让你们政治家懂得你们所从事的事情，”他心里暗自发笑。
（20）有一回，是一个明媚的下午，在我家前院的草坪上，一个商业拍摄小组要拍摄“幸福的美国一家”这个场景，作为琼的电视广告。
琼，我们的女儿克洛伊，还有我，带着毫无生气的笑容在摄影机前来回踱步。
（21）“看起来要像一位做了母亲的妻子不经意间参加议员选举，”导演下了指令。
（22）“我宁愿谈谈哈德孙河的污染问题，”琼抱怨说。
（23）“笑得明显一点！”导演高喊了一声。
（24）在整个竞选过程中，我的主要工作就是确保克洛伊的生活尽量少受到打扰。
我确保她去上学，确保她和小伙伴们约定一起玩耍，尽我有限的本领竭力将她喂养好（我们吃了几周的意大利面了）。
克洛伊放学后，我和她就在全城到处张贴“波德维奇参加议员选举”的告示。
这种告示在选区多达几千个，加上我们的告示，选区里星星点点，到处都有了。
（25）竞选的日子一天天慢慢过去，我们和琼见面的次数越来越少了。
她常常凌晨三四点才爬上床，然后兴致勃勃地谈论保健制度或是牛奶价格补贴问题。
“你没在听吗？”我猛然醒来时，她总是这样问。
（26）“当然了，亲爱的，”我咕哝着说，“每个字都听了。
”（27）秋天过了一半的时候，我们的竞选活动出现了财政困难。
琼的对手得到了共和党领导层的慷慨支持，最终筹集了近九十万美元，他的各种电视广告在选区铺天盖地。
（28）但是选区的报纸几乎都一致支持琼，我们好不兴奋。
在报纸的支持下，最后一刻捐助出现了猛增。
（29）在选举日的前一天，克洛伊瞪大眼睛问，“妈咪，你会赢的，是吗？”（30）“是的，我会的，”琼答道，她心想结果只会是赢。
（31）结果不是的。
琼比以前的大多数民主党候选人做得都要好，她赢得了 42% 的选票。
可是还远远不够。
（32）我很失望。
选举日的当晚，我发现克洛伊拼命噙住眼中的泪水，那一刻我失望之极。
我看见琼跪在地上，她们两个抱在了一起。
（33）这次竞选活动又难又累，值吗？绝对值。
原因主要是这样的：就在几个月后，克洛伊上了四年级，她上课的时候老师发了调查问卷，靠近问卷的顶排写的问题是：“你长大后想当什么？”（34）克洛伊毫不犹豫，她写的答案是“政治家。
”。