本土开源不可错过的20年-开源中国-马越
nginx源码分析
nginx源码分析nginx源码分析（1）- 缘起nginx是一个开源的高性能web服务器系统，事件驱动的请求处理方式和极其苛刻的资源使用方式，使得nginx成为名副其实的高性能服务器。
nginx的源码质量也相当高，作者“家酿”了许多代码，自造了不少轮子，诸如内存池、缓冲区、字符串、链表、红黑树等经典数据结构，事件驱动模型，http解析，各种子处理模块，甚至是自动编译脚本都是作者根据自己的理解写出来的，也正因为这样，才使得nginx比其他的web服务器更加高效。
nginx 的代码相当精巧和紧凑，虽然全部代码仅有10万行，但功能毫不逊色于几十万行的apache。
不过各个部分之间耦合的比较厉害，很难把其中某个部分的实现拆出来使用。
对于这样一个中大型的复杂系统源码进行分析，是有一定的难度的，刚开始也很难找到下手的入口，所以做这样的事情就必须首先明确目标和计划。
最初决定做这件事情是为了给自己一些挑战，让生活更有意思。
但看了几天之后，觉得这件事情不该这么简单看待，这里面有太多吸引人的东西了，值得有计划的系统学习和分析。
首先这个系统中几乎涵盖了实现高性能服务器的各种必杀技，epoll、kqueue、master－workers、pool、 buffer……，也涵盖了很多web服务开发方面的技术，ssi、ssl、proxy、gzip、regex、load balancing、reconfiguration、hot code swapping……，还有一些常用的精巧的数据结构实现，所有的东西很主流；其次是一流的代码组织结构和干净简洁的代码风格，尤其是整个系统的命名恰到好处，可读性相当高，很kiss，这种风格值得学习和模仿；第三是通过阅读源码可以感受到作者严谨的作风和卓越的能力，可以给自己增加动力，树立榜样的力量。
另一方面，要达到这些目标难度很高，必须要制定详细的计划和采取一定有效的方法。
对于这么大的一个系统，想一口气知晓全部的细节是不可能的，并且nginx 各个部分的实现之间关系紧密，不可能做到窥一斑而知全身，合适的做法似乎应该是从main开始，先了解nginx的启动过程的顺序，然后进行问题分解，再逐个重点分析每一个重要的部分。
高速动车组齿轮箱设计研究现状及趋势
２０２１年２月第４９卷第４期机床与液压ＭＡＣＨＩＮＥＴＯＯＬ＆ＨＹＤＲＡＵＬＩＣＳＦｅｂ ２０２１Ｖｏｌ ４９Ｎｏ ４ＤＯＩ：１０．３９６９／ｊ ｉｓｓｎ １００１－３８８１ ２０２１ ０４ ０３５本文引用格式：杨树峰，王晓鹏，陈超，等．高速动车组齿轮箱设计研究现状及趋势［Ｊ］．机床与液压，２０２１，４９（４）：１７３－１７９．ＹＡＮＧＳｈｕｆｅｎｇ，ＷＡＮＧＸｉａｏｐｅｎｇ，ＣＨＥＮＣｈａｏ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｓｔａｔｕｓａｎｄｔｒｅｎｄｏｆｇｅａｒｂｏｘｄｅｓｉｇｎｆｏｒｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄＥＭＵ［Ｊ］．ＭａｃｈｉｎｅＴｏｏｌ＆Ｈｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃｓ，２０２１，４９（４）：１７３－１７９．收稿日期：２０１９－１０－１０基金项目：国家重点研发计划（２０１８ＹＦＢ２００１７００）作者简介：杨树峰（１９８６ ），男，博士研究生，研究方向为齿轮传动技术㊂Ｅ－ｍａｉｌ：ｙａｎｇｓｈｕｆｅｎｇ８６１０＠１６３ ｃｏｍ㊂通信作者：刘世军（１９６２ ），男，硕士，研究员，博士生导师，主要研究方向为齿轮传动㊂Ｅ－ｍａｉｌ：Ｌｓｊ７６９＠１６３ ｃｏｍ㊂高速动车组齿轮箱设计研究现状及趋势杨树峰１，２，王晓鹏１，陈超１，刘世军１（１ 郑州机械研究所有限公司，河南郑州４５００５２，２ 中原工学院机电学院，河南郑州４５０００７）摘要：齿轮箱是高速动车组动力转向架的核心部件，其性能直接影响运行的安全可靠性㊂介绍了目前国内高速动车组齿轮箱结构及安装方式㊂根据齿轮箱的结构，分别从齿轮㊁支架㊁箱体㊁润滑密封等方面描述了国内外高速动车组齿轮箱设计方法的研究现状及存在的问题㊂提出了后期应重点针对齿轮箱的造型设计㊁故障诊断与健康管理和极端环境下的产品性能等方面开展相关研究，为深入研究高速动车组齿轮箱提供了参考㊂关键词：高速动车组；齿轮箱；设计方法；研究现状中图分类号：Ｕ２６０ ３３２ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＳｔａｔｕｓａｎｄＴｒｅｎｄｏｆＧｅａｒｂｏｘＤｅｓｉｇｎｆｏｒＨｉｇｈ－ｓｐｅｅｄＥＭＵＹＡＮＧＳｈｕｆｅｎｇ１，２，ＷＡＮＧＸｉａｏｐｅｎｇ１，ＣＨＥＮＣｈａｏ１，ＬＩＵＳｈｉｊｕｎ１（１ ＺｈｅｎｇｚｈｏｕＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇＣｏ．，Ｌｔｄ．，ＺｈｅｎｇｚｈｏｕＨｅｎａｎ４５００５２，Ｃｈｉｎａ；２ ＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，ＺｈｏｎｇｙｕａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ＺｈｅｎｇｚｈｏｕＨｅｎａｎ４５０００７，Ｃｈｉｎａ）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｇｅａｒｂｏｘｉｓｔｈｅｃｏｒｅｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｏｆｈｉｇｈ－ｓｐｅｅｄＥＭＵｐｏｗｅｒｂｏｇｉｅ，ｉｔｓｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙａｆｆｅｃｔｓｔｈｅｓａｆｅｔｙａｎｄｒｅｌｉａ⁃ｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ．Ｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄｉｎｓｔａｌｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｇｅａｒｂｏｘｏｆｈｉｇｈ－ｓｐｅｅｄＥＭＵｉｎｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｗａｓｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ．Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｇｅａｒｂｏｘ，ｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｓｔａｔｕｓａｎｄｅｘｉｓｔｉｎｇｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｏｆｔｈｅｇｅａｒｂｏｘｄｅｓｉｇｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｆｔｈｅｈｉｇｈ－ｓｐｅｅｄＥＭＵａｔｈｏｍｅａｎｄａｂｒｏａｄｗｅｒｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅａｓｐｅｃｔｓｏｆｇｅａｒ，ｂｒａｃｋｅｔ，ｂｏｘ，ｌｕｂｒｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｓｅａｌｉｎｇ．Ｉｔｗａｓｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｓｈｏｕｌｄｆｏｃｕｓｏｎｔｈｅｓｈａｐｅｄｅｓｉｇｎ，ｆａｕｌｔｄｉａｇｎｏｓｉｓａｎｄｈｅａｌｔｈｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｇｅａｒｂｏｘａｎｄｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｉｎｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ．Ｉｔｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｓｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｉｎ⁃ｄｅｐｔｈｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄＥＭＵｇｅａｒｂｏｘ．Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：Ｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄＥＭＵ；Ｇｅａｒｂｏｘ；Ｄｅｓｉｇｎｍｅｔｈｏｄ；Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｓｔａｔｕｓ０㊀前言１９６４年，世界上首条高速铁路 东海道新干线投入运营，列车运行时速高达２１０ｋｍ，产生巨大的轰动效应㊂近半个多世纪，世界各国都在努力进行铁路技术装备和现代化管理的研究，高速铁路技术取得突破性进展㊂我国于２００４年开始从川崎重工㊁庞巴迪等公司引进并合作生产高速动车组，研究出适合我国的ＣＲＨ１㊁ＣＲＨ２㊁ＣＲＨ３和ＣＲＨ５型系列动车组㊂２００８年，我国第一条高速铁路 京津城际铁路开始运营，２０１０年拥有完全自主知识产权的ＣＲＨ３８０Ａ㊁ＣＲＨ３８０Ｂ型动车开始运行，实现了由仿制向创造㊁从摸索到突破的复兴之路，使我国成为了高铁里程数最长的国家㊂高铁的舒适㊁便捷㊁高效㊁准时等优势已经深入民心，但是，我国对高速重载牵引齿轮箱的研究起步较晚，整体水平与发达国家相比还有较大差距，因此，在动车组齿轮传动技术等方面还需参照国外的相关标准进行设计㊂高速动车组齿轮箱是动车组列车的动力驱动核心部件，也是保证列车正常运行的关键零部件㊂由于列车运行速度快，需面对高温高寒㊁潮湿㊁沙尘多等极端恶劣的运行环境，对齿轮箱的设计提出了更高的要求，特别是在齿轮抗载荷㊁齿间啮合㊁润滑㊁箱体强度㊁密封等方面㊂目前，小空间㊁轻量化㊁高功率密度［１］已经成为齿轮箱的设计趋势㊂１㊀高速动车组齿轮箱结构根据车型的不同，齿轮箱安装方式及传动方式也不相同，具体统计见表１㊂齿轮箱将牵引电机的转矩传递给轮轴，齿轮箱内包括小齿轮轴，它与一个直接安装在车轴上的齿轮箱相啮合，其传动方式分为斜齿轮传动和锥齿轮转动２种㊂齿轮箱的箱体由直接安装在轮轴上的圆锥滚柱轴承支承㊂平衡杆安装在转向架和齿轮箱之间，用于承受作用在齿轮箱上的各种扭矩载荷，包括由牵引和制动引起的负荷㊁转矩振动和牵引电机短路引起的转矩振动［２］㊂表１㊀高速动车组齿轮箱汇总序号实用车型传动方式安装方式模型１ＣＲＨ１ＣＲＨ２ＣＲＨ３８０Ａ斜齿轮传动平衡杆吊装２ＣＲＨ５锥齿轮传动平衡杆横装３ＣＲＨ３ＣＲＨ３８０Ｂ斜齿轮传动Ｃ形托架２ 高速动车组齿轮箱设计研究现状２ １㊀齿轮设计高速重载齿轮传动在高速轧机㊁高速列车及航空发动机等中得到广泛应用，运行中需承受较高的载荷，运行速度高，工况相对复杂㊂因此，对高速重载齿轮传动进行非线性动力学㊁计算机辅助工程㊁制造系统工程等基础理论研究尤为迫切㊂高铁齿轮箱采用一级渐开线齿轮传动方式，在设计齿轮的过程中充分考虑因轮齿时变啮合刚度㊁齿侧间隙和传递误差等非线性因素引起的传动不稳定现象，对高速重载齿轮传动的稳定性展开研究㊂大连理工大学的学者根据齿轮传动中出现的非线性动力学现象，如混沌和分岔现象［３］，结合高速动车牵引齿轮箱的特点，建立斜齿轮－扭－轴非线性动力学模型，采用定性和定量的方法，研究了激励频率㊁啮合阻尼和齿侧间隙对系统产生混沌和分岔的规律和机制㊂西南交通大学的学者采用集中参数法建立基于多种非线性因素的齿轮系统动力学模型［４］，研究了齿轮传动系统在内㊁外部激励作用下的轮齿间啮合力传递及变化规律㊂以上对动力学模型的分析是基于理论研究的，缺乏实验性的验证㊂传动模型的精确建模是进行齿轮啮合研究的基础，通过对齿轮各曲线方程的推导，根据齿轮空间啮合原理，完成动车组齿轮箱斜齿轮对模型的精确装配［５］㊂有学者基于ＶｉｓｕａｌＣ＋＋和ＳｏｌｉｄＷｏｒｋｓ，利用ＭＦＣ类型库对列车牵引齿轮进行参数化设计，实现了模型的设计㊁建模㊁装配一体化设计［６］㊂由于高速列车传动齿轮的制造和装配误差的影响，以及齿轮基节误差的作用，导致齿面载荷突变㊁啮入和啮出位置载荷集中等现象，需进行齿面修形研究㊂在齿廓修形研究中，主要针对主动轮齿顶㊁齿根的变形量和长度等参数展开研究［７－８］，可结合啮合理论和实际工况对齿轮修形量进行计算㊂有学者根据齿轮在啮合过程中齿轮副的热弹变形［９－１０］，对斜齿轮采用直修形的方式，研究齿轮修形曲线，并运用ＶＢ及ＡＮＳＹＳ／ＡＰＤＬ语言编制了一套基于热弹变形的齿轮修形软件，实现齿轮修形的可视化操作［１１］㊂在齿向修形研究中，郑州机械研究所团队针对动车组传动齿轮副触底误差及齿面载荷分布不均的问题，通过将小齿轮直线修形㊁鼓形修形和大齿轮的螺旋角修形相结合的方式［１２］，使传递误差减少２６ ４２％，线载荷减小４３ ６４％，使齿面接触区域分布更加合理；ＬＩＵ和ＰＡＲＫＥＲ［１３］考虑齿轮动载荷分布㊁时变啮合刚度和齿廓修形等因素的影响，建立了齿轮非线性分析模型，研究了齿廓修形对多啮合齿轮系统振动响应的影响规律㊂陈思雨等［１４］利用准静态接触下的有限元计算方法得到不同修形量的啮合刚度和静态传递误差，研究不同齿廓修形量和修形长度对齿轮动态行为的影响，并提出根据Ｗ齿轮副的振动幅值及动态因子来确定最佳的修形参数，使齿轮副啮合的接触斑点㊁齿面线载荷分布以及传递误差明显降低，㊃４７１㊃机床与液压第４９卷传动更加平稳㊂２ ２㊀轴承选型齿轮箱轴承为高速轨道列车运行的支撑部件，运行中承受极大的轴向载荷及径向载荷，其性能的稳定性及寿命直接影响动车组运行安全㊂目前，高速轨道列车所需的电机轴承㊁齿轮箱轴承㊁轮轴轴承全部被瑞典ＳＫＦ㊁德国ＦＡＧ㊁日本ＮＴＮ等国外知名厂商垄断［１５］㊂由表１可知，ＣＲＨ１和ＣＲＨ３系列均采用一级斜齿轮传动，如图１所示，输入轴上装有１个四点接触球轴承和２个圆柱滚子轴承［１６］㊂四点接触球轴承承受轴向载荷，与轴承座内圈采用间隙配合；圆柱滚子轴承承受径向载荷，采用过渡配合的方式装入轴承座㊂输出轴采用圆锥滚子轴承面对面布置㊂ＣＲＨ５型高速动车组采用一级锥齿轮传动方式，如图２所示，输入轴上同样安装有１个四点接触球轴承和２个圆柱滚子轴承；输出轴上安装有圆锥滚子轴承和双列圆锥滚子轴承［１７］㊂圆锥滚子轴承可承受较高的轴向力，安装后可通过调整轴向游隙提高轴承的旋转精度和承载能力［１８］㊂图１㊀一级斜齿轮传动图２㊀一级锥齿轮传动２ ３㊀支架设计目前，高速列车采用的齿轮箱安装方式主要有齿轮箱吊杆和Ｃ形支架２种吊挂方式，其结构简图分别如图３㊁图４所示，在悬架连接处都安装有弹簧橡胶模块，该模块既可以较好地承受载荷，也可在弹簧失效时起到一定的承载作用㊂图３㊀吊杆吊装简图㊀㊀㊀图４㊀Ｃ形支架吊装简图ＨＯＬＺＡＰＦＥＬ和ＢＡＳＳＭＡＮＮ［１９］在吊杆支架的基础上研制出Ｃ形支架㊂相比于吊杆吊挂，Ｃ形支架使受力分散到２个位置，更加可靠㊂目前，以ＣＲＨ２㊁ＣＲＨ３８０Ａ为代表的日系动车组均采用了吊杆吊挂式安装，以ＣＲＨ３㊁ＣＲＨ３８０Ｂ为代表的德系动车组则采用了Ｃ形支架安装方式，２种安装方式均属于弹性安装㊂有学者分别计算了不同齿轮箱安装方式对车辆动力学性能的影响，在低速状态下吊杆吊挂方式振动加速度更小，但在３５０ｋｍ／ｈ以上时，Ｃ形支架表现更佳［２０－２３］㊂２ ４㊀箱体研究随着高速动车组向高可靠㊁高速㊁舒适等趋势发展，对齿轮箱提出了更高的要求㊂箱体作为齿轮箱的支撑件，其稳定性㊁安全性直接影响动车行业的发展㊂目前，箱体均采用铝合金铸造成型，箱体结构的高强度㊁轻质化一直是箱体的发展方向㊂（１）箱体ＣＡＥ分析学者们分别从模态分析㊁静力学分析㊁谐响应分析等方面对箱体强度进行研究［２４］，根据箱体存在的应力集中现象，提出箱体改进方案［２０］，采用等损伤准则［２５］㊁Ｓｔｅｉｎｂｅｒｇ积累损伤三区间法［２６］等方法对箱体进行疲劳寿命的评估㊂针对出现故障裂纹的箱体，采用金相检测和实际测试的实验方法进行研究［２７－２８］，指出箱体固有频率与轨道激励在低频存在共振现象，为箱体的改进指明方向㊂（２）箱体优化设计在箱体轻量化方面，学者们以体积最小为目标函数［２９］，采用灵敏度分析法和物理规划法，对箱体进行稳健优化分析；利用ＨｙｐｅｒＭｅｓｈ软件中的拓扑和形状优化功能对箱体进行优化设计［３０］，降低最大变形量和等效应力；以容差和优质率为目标函数［３１］，采用模糊理论与容差多面体法对箱体装配尺寸链进行优化㊂２ ５㊀密封及润滑的研究高速动车组驱动齿轮箱的密封设计技术至关重要，密封性能的优劣直接影响到齿轮箱零部件的使用寿命以及高速动车组运行的安全性和可靠性㊂为了保证齿轮箱的高效工作，其传动轴的轴端通常采用非接触式迷宫密封㊂２ ５ １㊀密封性能研究（１）迷宫密封结构㊂为了增强迷宫密封的性能，学者们提出了不同的方案：①分别设置阶梯密封外环和内环［３２］；②在轴两侧的油路设置２－３道内装有带切口的涨圈的环形槽［３３］；③将内挡油环的外环面处理成超疏油膜层，将外挡油环的外环面处理成超疏水膜层［３４］；④增加径向密封以及轴向密封的长度间隙比［３５］；⑤将密封齿齿形锐化（减小夹角和齿顶长㊃５７１㊃第４期杨树峰等：高速动车组齿轮箱设计研究现状及趋势㊀㊀㊀度）［３６］；⑥将迷宫密封更改为阶梯式迷宫密封，减小密封间隙，增加密封空腔［３７］㊂通过采用不同的结构方案，阻止箱体内润滑油泄漏以及外界水分㊁杂质进入箱体㊂（２）密封数值模拟㊂学者们主要采用了数值模拟和实验研究相结合的方式进行密封数值模拟，裘雪玲［３８］从不同压比㊁密封齿顶间隙㊁进气预旋等方面对泄漏量进行研究；田华军等［３９］从密封齿的节流间隙尺寸㊁齿间回油效果㊁齿尖厚度等方面展开研究；还有学者研究空腔数量和深度［４０－４１］㊁进出口压差㊁转速［４２］对泄漏系数的影响㊂２ ５ ２㊀润滑性能研究国内高速动车齿轮箱齿轮油一般是选用设备说明书上推荐的品牌及型号，但是由于受到运行环境及复杂工况的影响，有时需要根据齿轮载荷㊁摩擦副相对速度㊁工作温度等参数选取［４３］㊂有学者通过在齿轮油中添加ＴｉＯ２［４４］或者钼元素［４５］来提高齿轮油的抗载和耐磨性能㊂齿轮油在不同转速和载荷下表现出的摩擦特性也不同［４６］，刘杰等人［４７］提出了有效润滑油量的概念，并探讨与浸油深度㊁大齿轮转速的关系，当齿轮啮合线速度为３５ｍ／ｓ时，搅油损失急剧增大［４８］，中车的高军团队通过实验方法对齿轮油中的硫添加剂［４９］和换油周期［５０］进行了研究㊂２ ６㊀齿轮箱性能研究动车组齿轮箱传动系统性能一直是研究重点，目前主要采用仿真实验和在线监测的方式来评估齿轮箱性能㊂（１）在仿真实验方面，研究人员将齿轮箱温度㊁振动［５１］㊁噪声［５２］㊁传动效率㊁可靠性为评价指标，采用定性㊁定量的筛选方法，开发了动车组齿轮传动性能综合评价软件［５３］㊂有学者针对运行中存在的负压现象，研制了相关实验设备［５４］，以验证箱体性能㊂（２）在在线监测方面，有学者通过研究齿轮油中铁元素性能的退化数据［５５］，建立了齿轮箱的性能评价方法；学者还研制了基于涡流技术的非接触探伤仪［５６］；张伟伟［５７］设计了基于光纤布拉格（Ｂｒａｇｇ）光栅传感器的动车组齿轮箱的实时振动监测系统；邓晓宇［５８］根据检测数据和非参数的核密度估计方法，建立 齿轮箱振动阈值数据库 与 齿轮系统故障特征频率库 ，确保齿轮箱的安全运行㊂３㊀高速动车组齿轮箱的展望随着我国铁路行业的不断发展，高速动车组运行将呈现 高速㊁重载㊁全天候 的特点［５９］，而机车驱动系统为适应这些特点，向高速㊁大功率方向发展成为必然趋势，所以必然对齿轮箱的结构㊁承载能力㊁润滑系统及抗胶合㊁振动能力提出更高的要求㊂因此，结合我国高速动车组齿轮箱传动系统的发展现状［６０］，应从以下几方面加大研究力度：（１）应对高速动车组齿轮箱齿轮从结构设计㊁参数优化㊁动力学性能分析等方面进行创新性研究，开发出适合我国现状的传动齿轮㊂同时，在日常的维修㊁故障解决中及时总结经验，在设计中加以改进，防患于未然㊂（２）目前国内减速机箱体依旧沿用国外的结构，缺乏工业设计㊁艺术设计角度的创新，应该用人机交互等新的设计方法对箱体外观进行研究㊂（３）关于高速动车组列车齿轮箱在线监测㊁故障诊断技术方面的研究还不够深入，难以建立产品的故障诊断与健康管理系统，核心的振动机制研究和故障特征的提取及其对应的信号分析方法都有待深入研究㊂（４）针对高速动车组齿轮箱在极端㊁恶劣环境中运行的研究不够深入，运行中齿轮箱外围气压为瞬态㊁交替变化，导致齿轮箱内气液流场比较复杂㊂用于齿轮箱运行过程相关仿真及实验的设备比较缺失㊂在齿轮箱轻量化设计制造㊁润滑密封㊁高可靠性等方面应重点攻关㊂４㊀结束语高速动车组齿轮箱的设计是一项系统工程，我国对高速重载牵引齿轮箱的研究起步较晚，整体水平与发达国家相比还有较大差距㊂本文作者从高速动车组齿轮箱的结构出发，在齿轮㊁轴承㊁支架㊁箱体㊁密封润滑等方面综述了国内外的研究现状，最后从齿轮设计制造㊁箱体外观设计㊁在线检测㊁极端场合等方面展望了齿轮箱未来的研究方向㊂参考文献：［１］高小平．高速动车齿轮箱产品开发中的计算仿真应用［Ｊ］．轨道交通装备与技术，２０１５（５）：１－４．ＧＡＯＸＰ．ＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｏｍｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎａｌｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｇｅａｒｂｏｘｅｓｆｏｒｈｉｇｈｓｐｅｅｄＥＭＵｓ［Ｊ］．ＲａｉｌＴｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔａｔｉｏｎＥｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，２０１５（５）：１－４．［２］王伯铭．高速动车组总体及转向架［Ｍ］．２版．成都：西南交通大学出版社，２０１４：２４２－２５３．［３］褚衍顺．高速重载齿轮传动系统稳定性研究［Ｄ］．大连：大连理工大学，２０１２．ＣＨＵＹＳ．Ｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｈｉｇｈｓｐｅｅｄ＆ｈｅａｖｙｌｏａｄｇｅａｒｔｒａｉｎ［Ｄ］．Ｄａｌｉａｎ：ＤａｌｉａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，２０１２．［４］全克博．ＣＲＨ２型动车组齿轮系统动力学特性分析［Ｄ］．成都：西南交通大学，２０１５．ＱＵＡＮＫＢ．ＴｈｅｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆＣＲＨ２ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｕｎｉｔｓｇｅａｒｓｙｓｔｅｍ［Ｄ］．Ｃｈｅｎｇｄｕ：ＳｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔＪｉａｏｔｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，２０１５．［５］杨萌．高速列车传动系统齿轮可靠性建模研究［Ｄ］．北㊃６７１㊃机床与液压第４９卷京：北京交通大学，２０１４．ＹＡＮＧＭ．Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｒｅｌｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓ⁃ｓｉｏｎｇｅａｒｓｉｎｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｓｐｅｅｄｔｒａｉｎ［Ｄ］．Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ：ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＪｉａｏ⁃ｔｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，２０１４．［６］曹从庆．机车车辆齿轮参数化ＣＡＤ系统研究［Ｄ］．成都：西南交通大学，２０１２．ＣＡＯＣＱ．ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎａｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｉｚｅｄＣＡＤｓｙｓｔｅｍｆｏｒｔｈｅｖｅｈｉｃｌｅｇｅａｒ［Ｄ］．Ｃｈｅｎｇｄｕ：ＳｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔＪｉａｏｔｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，２０１２．［７］黄琦．高速列车传动齿轮齿廓修形及箱体优化设计［Ｄ］．大连：大连理工大学，２０１２．ＨＵＡＮＧＱ．Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｇｅａｒｐｒｏｆｉｌｅｍｏｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎｄｅｓｉｇｎｆｏｒｇｅａｒｂｏｘｏｆｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄｔｒａｉｎｄｒｉｖｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ［Ｄ］．Ｄａｌｉａｎ：ＤａｌｉａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，２０１２．［８］ＨＵＺＨ，ＴＡＮＧＪＹ，ＺＨＯＮＧＪ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｔｏｏｔｈｐｒｏｆｉｌｅｍｏｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｎｄｙｎａｍｉｃｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓｏｆａｈｉｇｈｓｐｅｅｄｇｅａｒ⁃ｒｏ⁃ｔｏｒ⁃ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｓｙｓｔｅｍ［Ｊ］．ＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＳｙｓｔｅｍｓａｎｄＳｉｇｎａｌＰｒｏ⁃ｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ，２０１６，７６／７７：２９４－３１８．［９］李绍彬．高速重载齿轮传动热弹变形及非线性耦合动力学研究［Ｄ］．重庆：重庆大学，２００４．ＬＩＳＢ．Ｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｃｏｕｐｌｅｄｔｈｅｒｍｏ⁃ｅｌａｓｔｉｃｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒｄｙｎａｍｉｃｅｍｕｌａｔｅａｂｏｕｔｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄ，ｈｅａｖｙ⁃ｌｏａｄｇｅａｒｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓｓｙｓｔｅｍ［Ｄ］．Ｃｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇ：ＣｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇＵｎｉ⁃ｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，２００４．［１０］姚阳迪．基于热弹变形的高速重载齿轮修形研究［Ｄ］．重庆：重庆大学，２０１０．ＹＡＯＹＤ．Ｍｏｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｆｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄａｎｄｈｅａｖｙ⁃ｌｏａｄｇｅａｒｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｒｍｏ⁃ｅｌａｓｔｉｃｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ［Ｄ］．Ｃｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇ：ＣｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，２０１０．［１１］杨玉良．斜齿轮系统热弹耦合及修形减振研究［Ｄ］．大连：大连理工大学，２０１６．ＹＡＮＧＹＬ．Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｔｈｅｒｍｏ⁃ｅｌａｓｔｉｃｃｏｕｐｌｉｎｇａｎｄｖｉ⁃ｂｒａｔｉｏｎｄａｍｐｉｎｇｗｉｔｈｍｏｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｅｌｉｃａｌｇｅａｒｓｙｓｔｅｍ［Ｄ］．Ｄａｌｉａｎ：ＤａｌｉａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，２０１６．［１２］范乃则，田华军，裴帮，等．基于ＫＩＳＳｓｏｆｔ动车组传动齿轮修形优化设计［Ｊ］．机械传动，２０１７，４１（３）：８３－８７．ＦＡＮＮＺ，ＴＩＡＮＨＪ，ＰＥＩＢ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｍｏｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｏｐｔｉ⁃ｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎｄｅｓｉｇｎｏｆｍｏｔｏｒｔｒａｉｎｕｎｉｔｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｇｅａｒｂａｓｅｄｏｎＫＩＳＳｓｏｆｔ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＴｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ，２０１７，４１（３）：８３－８７．［１３］ＬＩＵＧ，ＰＡＲＫＥＲＲＧ．Ｄｙｎａｍｉｃｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇａｎｄａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｏｏｔｈｐｒｏｆｉｌｅｍｏｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｍｕｌｔｉｍｅｓｈｇｅａｒｖｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＤｅｓｉｇｎ，２００８，１３０（１２）：１２１４０２．［１４］陈思雨，唐进元，王志伟，等．修形对齿轮系统动力学特性的影响规律［Ｊ］．机械工程学报，２０１４，５０（１３）：５９－６５．ＣＨＥＮＳＹ，ＴＡＮＧＪＹ，ＷＡＮＧＺＷ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｍｏｄｉ⁃ｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｎｄｙｎａｍｉｃｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｇｅａｒｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓｓｙｓｔｅｍ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，２０１４，５０（１３）：５９－６５．［１５］张亨飏．高速动车轴承试验台的开发与研究［Ｄ］．长春：吉林大学，２０１７．ＺＨＡＮＧＨＹ．Ｄｅｓｉｇｎａｎｄｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｔｈｅｔｅｓｔｒｉｇｏｆｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄｒａｉｌｗａｙｒｏｌｌｉｎｇｂｅａｒｉｎｇｓ［Ｄ］．Ｃｈａｎｇｃｈｕｎ：ＪｉｌｉｎＵｎｉ⁃ｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，２０１７．［１６］吴成攀，阙红波，王本涛，等．典型动车组齿轮箱轴承的计算［Ｃ］／／铁路车辆轮轴技术交流会论文集．大连，２０１６：１０７－１１２．［１７］李春蕾，吴承攀，赵艳英，等．标准动车组齿轮箱轴承的选型及开发［Ｃ］／／铁路车辆轮轴技术交流会论文集．大连：中国铁道学会，２０１６．［１８］刘志恒，张红军．轴箱轴承轴向自由间隙对机车动力学影响分析［Ｊ］．铁道学报，２００６，２８（２）：４８－５２．ＬＩＵＺＨ，ＺＨＡＮＧＨＪ．Ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｆａｘｉａｌｆｒｅｅｃｌｅａｒａｎｃｅｓｏｆａｘｌｅｂｏｘｂｅａｒｉｎｇｓｏｎｌｏｃｏｍｏｔｉｖｅｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆｔｈｅＣｈｉｎａＲａｉｌｗａｙＳｏｃｉｅｔｙ，２００６，２８（２）：４８－５２．［１９］ＨＯＬＺＡＰＦＥＬＭ，ＢＡＳＳＭＡＮＮＴ．Ｄｅｓｉｇｎｉｎｇｈｉｇｈ⁃ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍ⁃ａｎｃｅｄｒｉｖｅｓｆｏｒ３５０ｋｍ／ｈｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄｔｒａｉｎｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ［Ｊ］．ＲａｉｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ，２００５，６（４）：２０１－２０６．［２０］胡伟钢，刘志明，李强，等．高速列车齿轮箱载荷识别方法研究［Ｊ］．铁道学报，２０２０，４２（１２）：５０－５７．ＨＵＷＧ，ＬＩＵＺＭ，ＬＩＱ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｌｏａｄｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄｔｒａｉｎｇｅａｒｂｏｘ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆｔｈｅＣｈｉｎａＲａｉｌ⁃ｗａｙＳｏｃｉｅｔｙ，２０２０，４２（１２）：５０－５７．［２１］刘杰，刘世军，郭熛，等．基于有限元的高铁齿轮箱箱体载荷计算与结构分析［Ｊ］．机械传动，２０１６，４０（２）：７７－８１．ＬＩＵＪ，ＬＩＵＳＪ，ＧＵＯＢ，ｅｔａｌ．ＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌａｎａｌｙｓｉｓａｎｄｌｏａｄｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣＲＨ３８０ｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄｒａｉｌｇｅａｒｂｏｘｂａｓｅｄｏｎｆｉｎｉｔｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＴｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ，２０１６，４０（２）：７７－８１．［２２］ＹＡＮＧＪＷ，ＹＡＮＧＭＨ，ＬＩＸ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈａｎａｌｙｓｉｓａｎｄｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｏｆｈｉｇｈｓｐｅｅｄｒａｉｌｗａｙｇｅａｒｂｏｘｂｒａｃｋｅｔ［Ｊ］．ＴｈｅＯｐｅｎＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇＪｏｕｒｎａｌ，２０１５，９（１）：２６６－２７０．［２３］李众．高速动车组转向架齿轮箱安装方式研究［Ｄ］．成都：西南交通大学，２０１７．ＬＩＺ．Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｉｎｓｔａｌｌａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｆｇｅａｒｂｏｘｆｏｒｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄｔｒａｉｎｓ［Ｄ］．Ｃｈｅｎｇｄｕ：ＳｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔＪｉａｏｔｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，２０１７．［２４］王富民，李捷，杨建伟，等．地铁齿轮箱箱体模态及谐响应分析［Ｊ］．机械传动，２０１５，３９（９）：１４６－１５０．ＷＡＮＧＦＭ，ＬＩＪ，ＹＡＮＧＪＷ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｍｏｄａｌａｎｄｈａｒｍｏｎｉｃｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｓｕｂｗａｙｇｅａｒｂｏｘｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＴｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ，２０１５，３９（９）：１４６－１５０．［２５］袁文东．标准动车组齿轮箱箱体强度分析与寿命预测［Ｄ］．北京：北京交通大学，２０１６．ＹＵＡＮＷＤ．Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎｔｈｅｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈａｎｄｆａｔｉｇｕｅ⁃ｌｉｆｅｐｒｅ⁃ｄｉｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄＥＭＵｇｅａｒｂｏｘｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ［Ｄ］．Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ：ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＪｉａｏｔｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，２０１６．㊃７７１㊃第４期杨树峰等：高速动车组齿轮箱设计研究现状及趋势㊀㊀㊀［２６］潘红明．基于三区间法的高速动车组齿轮箱体疲劳寿命研究［Ｄ］．成都：西南交通大学，２０１６．ＰＡＮＨＭ．Ｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｇｅａｒｂｏｘｆａｔｉｇｕｅｌｉｆｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｂｙｓｔｅｉｎ⁃ｂｅｒｇｍｅｔｈｏｄ［Ｄ］．Ｃｈｅｎｇｄｕ：ＳｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔＪｉａｏｔｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，２０１６．［２７］ＨＵＷＧ，ＬＩＵＺＭ，ＬＩＵＤＫ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｆａｔｉｇｕｅｆａｉｌｕｒｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｈｉｇｈｓｐｅｅｄｔｒａｉｎｇｅａｒｂｏｘｈｏｕｓｉｎｇｓ［Ｊ］．ＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇＦａｉｌ⁃ｕｒｅＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓ，２０１７，７３：５７－７１．［２８］ＬＩＧＱ．Ｆａｔｉｇｕｅｃｒａｃｋｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄＥＭＵｇｅａｒｂｏｘ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，２０１７，５３（２）：９９－１０５．［２９］李永华，臧庆，张军．高速动车组齿轮箱稳健优化设计［Ｊ］．大连交通大学学报，２０１５，３６（６）：２９－３３．ＬＩＹＨ，ＺＡＮＧＱ，ＺＨＡＮＧＪ．Ｒｏｂｕｓｔｄｅｓｉｇｎｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｇｅａｒｂｏｘｏｎｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄＥＭＵ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＤａｌｉａｎＪｉａｏ⁃ｔｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，２０１５，３６（６）：２９－３３．［３０］魏静，李震，孙伟，等．基于ＳＩＭＰ及应变能理论的高速动车齿轮箱结构优化［Ｊ］．机械强度，２０１１，３３（４）：５５８－５６４．ＷＥＩＪ，ＬＩＺ，ＳＵＮＷ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｓｈａｐｅａｎｄｔｏｐｏｌｏｇｙｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａ⁃ｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｇｅａｒｂｏｘｏｆｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄｔｒａｉｎｂａｓｅｄｏｎＳＩＭＰｍｏｄｅｌａｎｄｓｔｒａｉｎｅｎｅｒｇｙｔｈｅｏｒｙ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＳｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ，２０１１，３３（４）：５５８－５６４．［３１］臧庆．高速动车组齿轮箱稳健优化设计研究［Ｄ］．大连：大连交通大学，２０１５．ＺＡＮＧＱ．Ｒｏｂｕｓｔｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎｄｅｓｉｇｎｏｆｇｅａｒｂｏｘｏｎｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄＥＭＵ［Ｄ］．Ｄａｌｉａｎ：ＤａｌｉａｎＪｉａｏｔｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，２０１５．［３２］重庆江增船舶重工有限公司．一种齿轮箱密封装置：ＣＮ２０１１２０５２５９６８．１［Ｐ］．２０１２－０９－０５．［３３］哈尔滨东安发动机（集团）有限公司．风电齿轮箱的密封结构：ＣＮ２０１１２０５３３０４３．２［Ｐ］．２０１２－０８－０１．［３４］郑州机械研究所．高速列车齿轮箱轴密封结构：ＣＮ２０１６１０６００３９８１．８［Ｐ］．２０１６－１２．［３５］李枫，金思勤，吴成攀．高速动车组齿轮箱迷宫密封系统设计与试验验证［Ｊ］．机车车辆工艺，２０１３（２）：１－３．ＬＩＦ，ＪＩＮＳＱ，ＷＵＣＰ．Ｄｅｓｉｇｎａｎｄｖｅｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｌａｂ⁃ｙｒｉｎｔｈｓｅａｌｉｎｇｓｙｓｔｅｍｆｏｒｔｈｅｇｅａｒｂｏｘｏｆｈｉｇｈｓｐｅｅｄＥＭＵ［Ｊ］．Ｌｏｃｏｍｏｔｉｖｅ＆ＲｏｌｌｉｎｇＳｔｏｃｋＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，２０１３（２）：１－３．［３６］张雨，张开林，姚远．高速动车组齿轮箱径向迷宫密封的数值研究［Ｊ］．润滑与密封，２０１６，４１（１２）：１６－２０．ＺＨＡＮＧＹ，ＺＨＡＮＧＫＬ，ＹＡＯＹ．Ｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｒａ⁃ｄｉａｌｌａｂｙｒｉｎｔｈｓｅａｌｆｏｒｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄｔｒａｉｎｕｎｉｔｇｅａｒｂｏｘ［Ｊ］．ＬｕｂｒｉｃａｔｉｏｎＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，２０１６，４１（１２）：１６－２０．［３７］张晶．地铁齿轮箱结构改进研究［Ｄ］．上海：上海交通大学，２０１４．ＺＨＡＮＧＪ．Ｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｍｅｔｒｏｇｅａｒｂｏｘｓｔｒｕｃ⁃ｔｕｒｅ［Ｄ］．Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ：ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＪｉａｏＴｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，２０１４．［３８］裘雪玲．迷宫密封流场与转子动力学耦合研究［Ｄ］．杭州：浙江大学，２００７．［３９］田华军，范乃则，裴帮，等．基于Ｆｌｕｅｎｔ的高速动车组齿轮箱迷宫密封数值模拟［Ｊ］．机械传动，２０１７，４１（４）：６２－６６．ＴＩＡＮＨＪ，ＦＡＮＮＺ，ＰＥＩＢ，ｅｔａｌ．ＮｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｌａｂｙｒｉｎｔｈｓｅａｌｏｆｈｉｇｈｓｐｅｅｄＥＭＵｇｅａｒｂｏｘｂａｓｅｄｏｎｆｌｕｅｎｔ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＴｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ，２０１７，４１（４）：６２－６６．［４０］ＺＨＡＯＷ，ＮＩＥＬＳＥＮＴＫ，ＢＩＬＬＤＡＬＪＴ．Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｃａｖｉｔｙｏｎｌｅａｋａｇｅｌｏｓｓｉｎｓｔｒａｉｇｈｔ⁃ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｌａｂｙｒｉｎｔｈｓｅａｌｓ［Ｃ］／／ＰｒｏｃｅｅｄｉｎｇｓｏｆＥａｒｔｈａｎｄＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ，２５ｔｈＩＡＨＲＳｙｍｐｏｓｉｕｍｏｎＨｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃＭａｃｈｉｎｅｒｙａｎｄＳｙｓｔｅｍｓ．Ｔｉｍｉşｏａｒａ，２０１０．［４１］吴特，米彩盈．高速齿轮箱润滑系统密封结构的数值研究［Ｊ］．铁道学报，２０１４，３６（４）：２６－３１．ＷＵＴ，ＭＩＣＹ．Ｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎｓｅａｌｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄｇｅａｒｂｏｘｌｕｂｒｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆｔｈｅＣｈｉｎａＲａｉｌｗａｙＳｏｃｉｅｔｙ，２０１４，３６（４）：２６－３１．［４２］王琰，王丽娜，张开林．高速齿轮箱迷宫密封流场和泄漏特性的数值研究［Ｊ］．内燃机车，２０１２（３）：６－９．ＷＡＮＧＹ，ＷＡＮＧＬＮ，ＺＨＡＮＧＫＬ．Ｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｆｌｏｗｆｉｅｌｄａｎｄｌｅａｋａｇｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｌａｂｙｒｉｎｔｈｓｅａｌｆｏｒｈｉｇｈｓｐｅｅｄｇｅａｒｂｏｘ［Ｊ］．ＤｉｅｓｅｌＬｏｃｏｍｏｔｉｖｅｓ，２０１２（３）：６－９．［４３］马骁驰，张朝前，张松鹏，等．高速列车齿轮箱润滑油黏度指数的计算方法研究［Ｊ］．润滑与密封，２０１５，４０（４）：２６－２９．ＭＡＸＣ，ＺＨＡＮＧＣＱ，ＺＨＡＮＧＳＰ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｔｈｅｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｏｆｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄｔｒａｉｎｇｅａｒｂｏｘｌｕｂｒｉｃａｎｔｖｉｓｃｏｓｉｔｙｉｎ⁃ｄｅｘ［Ｊ］．ＬｕｂｒｉｃａｔｉｏｎＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，２０１５，４０（４）：２６－２９．［４４］赵巍，粟斌，周新聪，等．ＧＬ－５重负荷车辆齿轮油换油周期研究［Ｃ］／／第八届全国摩擦学大会论文集．广州：中国机械工程学会，２００７．［４５］陈琳，李枫，水琳，等．高速列车齿轮油性能要求与验证方法初探［Ｊ］．合成润滑材料，２０１４，４１（３）：９－１２．ＣＨＥＮＬ，ＬＩＦ，ＳＨＵＩＬ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｐｒｉｍａｒｙｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｉｏｎｓｏｆｐｅｒ⁃ｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓａｎｄｖｅｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｏｆｇｅａｒｏｉｌｓｆｏｒｈｉｇｈｓｐｅｅｄｔｒａｉｎ［Ｊ］．ＳｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃＬｕｂｒｉｃａｎｔｓ，２０１４，４１（３）：９－１２．［４６］盛晨兴，曾卓，冯伟，等．高铁齿轮油摩擦学特性的试验探究［Ｊ］．润滑与密封，２０１６，４１（５）：８６－９０．ＳＨＥＮＧＣＸ，ＺＥＮＧＺ，ＦＥＮＧＷ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｅｘ⁃ｐｌｏｒｅｏｎｔｒｉｂｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄｒａｉｌｇｅａｒｏｉｌｓ［Ｊ］．ＬｕｂｒｉｃａｔｉｏｎＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，２０１６，４１（５）：８６－９０．［４７］刘杰，刘世军，徐文博，等．高速列车齿轮箱润滑性能优化与热平衡温度分析［Ｊ］．机械传动，２０１７，４１（４）：８９－９４．ＬＩＵＪ，ＬＩＵＳＪ，ＸＵＷＢ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｌｕｂｒｉｃａｎｔｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｏｐｔｉ⁃ｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｒｍａｌｂａｌａｎｃｅｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄｔｒａｉｎｇｅａｒｂｏｘ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＴｒａｎｓｍｉｓ⁃ｓｉｏｎ，２０１７，４１（４）：８９－９４．㊃８７１㊃机床与液压第４９卷［４８］陈晓玲，刘松丽，黄智勇，等．高速列车传动齿轮箱浸油深度对平衡温度的影响［Ｊ］．铁道学报，２００８，３０（１）：８９－９２．ＣＨＥＮＸＬ，ＬＩＵＳＬ，ＨＵＡＮＧＺＹ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅｉｎ⁃ｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｆｉｍｍｅｒｓｉｏｎｄｅｐｔｈｏｎｅｑｕｉｌｉｂｒｉｕｍｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｏｆｓｐｕｒｇｅａｒｕｓｅｄｉｎｈｉｇｈｓｐｅｅｄｔｒａｉｎ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆｔｈｅＣｈｉ⁃ｎａＲａｉｌｗａｙＳｏｃｉｅｔｙ，２００８，３０（１）：８９－９２．［４９］高军，李来顺，冯伟，等．动车组齿轮箱油中含硫添加剂损失的试验研究［Ｊ］．润滑与密封，２０１６，４１（１２）：１２９－１３３．ＧＡＯＪ，ＬＩＬＳ，ＦＥＮＧＷ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｓｕｌ⁃ｆｕｒａｄｄｉｔｉｖｅｌｏｓｓｏｆｔｒａｉｎ⁃ｓｅｔｇｅａｒｂｏｘｌｕｂｒｉｃａｎｔｓ［Ｊ］．Ｌｕｂｒｉ⁃ｃａｔｉｏｎＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，２０１６，４１（１２）：１２９－１３３．［５０］高军，李来顺，赵海板，等．高速动车组齿轮油换油周期研究［Ｊ］．润滑与密封，２０１５，４０（２）：８９－９２．ＧＡＯＪ，ＬＩＬＳ，ＺＨＡＯＨＢ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｄｒａｉｎｉｎｔｅｒ⁃ｖａｌｏｆｇｅａｒｂｏｘｏｉｌｓｏｆｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｕｎｉｔ［Ｊ］．ＬｕｂｒｉｃａｔｉｏｎＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，２０１５，４０（２）：８９－９２．［５１］ＬＩＮＴＪ，ＨＥＺＹ，ＧＥＮＧＦＹ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅｘｐｅｒｉ⁃ｍｅｎｔａｌｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎｎｏｉｓｅｏｆｓｕｂｗａｙｇｅａｒｂｏｘ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＶｉｂｒｏｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，２０１３，１５（４）：１８３８－１８５０．［５２］ＨＵＡＮＧＧＨ．Ｄｙｎａｍｉｃｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｇｅａｒｂｏｘｈｏｕｓ⁃ｉｎｇｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｅｄｔｏｉｎｔｅｒｎａｌａｎｄｅｘｔｅｒｎａｌｅｘｃｉｔａｔｉｏｎｉｎｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄｔｒａｉｎ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，２０１５，５１（１２）：９５．［５３］吴冬．高铁齿轮传动系统性能检测评价研究［Ｄ］．大连：大连理工大学，２０１２．ＷＵＤ．Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｔｈｅｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｅｓｔｉｎｇｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｇｅａｒｂｏｘｉｎｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄｔｒａｉｎ［Ｄ］．Ｄａｌｉａｎ：ＤａｌｉａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，２０１２．［５４］马玉强，林新海，李枫．高速动车组齿轮箱的负压试验研究［Ｊ］．机车车辆工艺，２０１６（６）：１－３．ＭＡＹＱ，ＬＩＮＸＨ，ＬＩＦ．ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｔｅｓｔｏｆｔｈｅｇｅａｒｂｏｘｆｏｒｈｉｇｈｓｐｅｅｄＥＭＵ［Ｊ］．Ｌｏｃｏｍｏｔｉｖｅ＆ＲｏｌｌｉｎｇＳｔｏｃｋＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，２０１６（６）：１－３．［５５］王泰．基于性能退化分析的高速动车组齿轮箱可靠性研究［Ｄ］．成都：西南交通大学，２０１７．ＷＡＮＧＴ．ＴｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｆＥＭＵｇｅａｒｂｏｘｒｅｌｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙｂａｓｅｄｏｎｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ［Ｄ］．Ｃｈｅｎｇｄｕ：ＳｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔＪｉａｏｔｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，２０１７．［５６］田勐．ＣＲＨ３８０动车组福伊特齿轮箱深层涡流检测技术开发［Ｃ］／／中国中车２０１６第二届轨道交通先进金属加工及检测技术交流会．长春：中国中车科技管理部，中车工业研究院有限公司，２０１６．［５７］张伟伟．基于光纤布拉格光栅传感器的动车组齿轮箱振动监测系统设计与研究［Ｄ］．开封：河南大学，２０１４．ＺＨＡＮＧＷＷ．Ｔｈｅｄｅｓｉｇｎａｎｄｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｖｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇｓｙｓｔｅｍｆｏｒｔｈｅｇｅａｒｂｏｘｏｆｈｉｇｈ⁃ｓｐｅｅｄｒａｉｌｂａｓｅｄｏｎｆｉｂｅｒＢｒａｇｇｇｒａｔｉｎｇｓｅｎｓｏｒ［Ｄ］．Ｋａｉｆｅｎｇ：ＨｅｎａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，２０１４．［５８］邓晓宇．高速列车齿轮传动系统动态特性仿真与评价方法研究［Ｄ］．成都：西南交通大学，２０１６．ＤＥＮＧＸＹ．Ｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｆｄｙｎａｍｉｃｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｇｅａｒｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍｏｆｈｉｇｈｓｐｅｅｄｔｒａｉｎ［Ｄ］．Ｃｈｅｎｇｄｕ：ＳｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔＪｉａｏｔｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，２０１６．［５９］邢志伟，孙银生，邓晓丽，等．电动机车牵引齿轮设计概述［Ｊ］．机械传动，２０１１，３５（１１）：４１－４４．ＸＩＮＧＺＷ，ＳＵＮＹＳ，ＤＥＮＧＸＬ，ｅｔａｌ．Ｓｕｒｖｅｙｏｎｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎｇｅａｒｄｅｓｉｇｎｏｆｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｌｏｃｏｍｏｔｉｖｅ［Ｊ］．ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉ⁃ｃａｌＴｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ，２０１１，３５（１１）：４１－４４．［６０］刘忠明．中国战略性新兴产业研究与发展－齿轮［Ｍ］．北京：机械工业出版社，２０１３．（责任编辑：张楠）（上接第１７２页）［５］ＧＩＥＳＥＮＵ，ＭＵＬＬＥＲＳ．ＴｈｅｖｅｈｉｃｌｅｏｆＨ⁃ｂａｈｎｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｉｎＤｏｒｔｍｕｎｄｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ［Ｊ］．ＶｅｒｋｅｈｒｕｎｄＴｈｃｈｎｉｋ，１９８３，３６（１０）：３７１－３８２．［６］许桂红．地铁制动系统的研究与仿真［Ｄ］．成都：西南交通大学，２０１４．ＸＵＧＨ．Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｎｄｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｍｅｔｒｏｂｒａｋｉｎｇｓｙｓｔｅｍ［Ｄ］．Ｃｈｅｎｇｄｕ：ＳｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔＪｉａｏｔｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，２０１４．［７］张龙飞．低地板有轨电车制动系统性能研究［Ｄ］．成都：西南交通大学，２０１８．ＺＨＡＮＧＬＦ．Ｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｏｆｂｒａｋｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｆｏｒｌｏｗｆｌｏｏｒｔｒａｍ［Ｄ］．Ｃｈｅｎｇｄｕ：ＳｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔＪｉａｏｔｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，２０１８．［８］周纪武，纪铅磊，刘勇刚．浅谈城市轨道车辆制动冲击率的计算［Ｊ］．铁道车辆，２０１７，５５（４）：３０－３１．ＺＨＯＵＪＷ，ＪＩＱＬ，ＬＩＵＹＧ．Ｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｂｒａｋｅｉｍｐａｃｔｒａｔｉｏｏｆｕｒｂａｎｒａｉｌｖｅｈｉｃｌｅｓ［Ｊ］．ＲｏｌｌｉｎｇＳｔｏｃｋ，２０１７，５５（４）：３０－３１．（责任编辑：张楠）㊃９７１㊃第４期杨树峰等：高速动车组齿轮箱设计研究现状及趋势㊀㊀㊀。
重庆市第八中学校2024-2025学年高三上学期12月月考语文试题(含答案)
重庆市第八中学2025届12月月考语文试题一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～5题。
记者：农业是传统产业，乍一看与新质生产力完全不沾边。
我们为什么要在农业领域大力发展新质生产力？毛世平（农业经济与发展研究所研究员）：传统产业不是落后产业，农业可以而且必须发展新质生产力。
我国粮食产量连续9年稳定在1.3万亿斤以上，但人多地少、粮食供求紧平衡〔注〕的格局没有发生根本性改变，这导致我国粮食安全基础还不够稳固。
与非农产业相比，农业生产效率相对较低，农业比较效益低下，农产品国际竞争力不足。
同时我国农业原始创新能力不足，农业科技在一些重要领域还存在不少"卡脖子"问题。
因此，农业发展新质生产力尤为迫切。
记者：农业领域新质生产力"新"在何处？"质"又体现在哪些方面？林青宁（农业经济与发展研究所副研究员）：农业领域新质生产力的"新"主要体现在新的科学发现、新的技术蓝图、新的生产要素、新的装备产品4个方面。
将基因编辑、生物育种、人工智能设计等前沿育种技术融合发展，催生具有颠覆性的分子设计育种技术，实现性状的精准定向改良发展，这就是新的科学发现。
新的技术蓝图是一种在原理、实现路径等方面与当前技术蓝图有着本质区别的创新方式。
以生物制造技术为例，这一新兴的技术正逐步推动未来食品产业的快速迭代，我们能够开发出更加健康、营养、可持续的食品产品。
新的生产要素尤其需要重视数据的应用。
以数字技术为基础，农业生产全过程的数字化变革，将催生新质生产力。
高端智能农机装备、农用北斗终端等农业机器则属于新的装备产品。
王晓君（农业经济与发展研究所副研究员）：农业领域新质生产力的"质"体现在农业生产方式大变革。
大数据、物联网、人工智能等技术的引入，助力农业生产实现智能化、精准化和高效化；借助传感器、遥感技术和无人机等工具，可以实现对土壤、气候、作物生长等关键信息的实时监测和分析。
雅典娜纺织工业互联网平台_纺织_远程运维_云市场-华为云
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小麦ERF_亚族转录因子参与逆境胁迫的研究进展
㊀山东农业科学㊀２０２４ꎬ５６(２):１７６~１８０ＳｈａｎｄｏｎｇＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ㊀ＤＯＩ:１０.１４０８３/ｊ.ｉｓｓｎ.１００１－４９４２.２０２４.０２.０２４收稿日期:２０２３－０３－０５基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(３２００１５４５)ꎻ山东省农业良种工程项目(２０２１ＬＺＧＣ０１３)ꎻ山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(ＣＸＧＣ２０２３Ａ０１)ꎻ农业农村部黄淮北片小麦种质资源精准鉴定项目作者简介:崔德周(１９８７ )ꎬ男ꎬ山东惠民人ꎬ博士ꎬ助理研究员ꎬ主要从事小麦种质资源与遗传育种研究ꎮＥ－ｍａｉｌ:ｄｅｚｈｏｕｃｕｉ＠１２６.ｃｏｍ王丽丽(１９８９ )ꎬ女ꎬ山东郓城人ꎬ山东大学人居环境研究中心特约研究员ꎬ主要从事植物种质资源研究ꎮＥ－ｍａｉｌ:５６５９９３５７０＠ｑｑ.ｃｏｍ∗同为第一作者ꎮ通信作者:樊庆琦(１９７８ )ꎬ男ꎬ山东郓城人ꎬ博士ꎬ研究员ꎬ主要从事小麦种质创新研究ꎮＥ－ｍａｉｌ:ｆａｎｑｉｎｇｑｉ＠１６３.ｃｏｍ小麦ＥＲＦ亚族转录因子参与逆境胁迫的研究进展崔德周１ꎬ王丽丽２∗ꎬ陈祥龙３ꎬ李永波１ꎬ黄琛１ꎬ隋新霞１ꎬ楚秀生１ꎬ樊庆琦１(１.山东省农业科学院作物研究所/小麦玉米国家工程研究中心/农业农村部黄淮北部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/山东省小麦技术创新中心/济南市小麦遗传改良重点实验室ꎬ山东济南㊀２５０１００ꎻ２.山东省林草种质资源中心ꎬ山东济南㊀２５０１０２ꎻ３.山东鲁研农业良种有限公司ꎬ山东济南㊀２５０１００)㊀㊀摘要:小麦是中国三大粮食作物之一ꎬ其生长发育过程中会受到多种逆境胁迫的影响ꎮＡＰ２/ＥＲＥＢＰ是植物特有的一个庞大的转录因子超家族ꎬ普遍参与生长发育和逆境胁迫应答等生物学进程ꎮＥＲＦ类转录因子是ＡＰ２/ＥＲＥＢＰ转录因子超家族的一个亚族ꎮ本研究结合国内外相关研究进展ꎬ简要综述了小麦ＥＲＦ亚族转录因子的结构特征与分布ꎬ重点阐述近年来小麦ＥＲＦ亚族转录因子响应高盐㊁干旱㊁低温㊁重金属㊁病原菌侵染等逆境胁迫的功能和机制研究进展ꎬ最后展望了ＥＲＦ亚族转录因子的研究方向和应用前景ꎮ关键词:小麦ꎻＥＲＦ亚族ꎻ转录因子ꎻ胁迫响应ꎻ研究进展中图分类号:Ｓ５１２.１㊀㊀文献标识号:Ａ㊀㊀文章编号:１００１－４９４２(２０２４)０２－０１７６－０５ＡｄｖａｎｃｅｓｉｎＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＷｈｅａｔＥＲＦＴｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎＦａｃｔｏｒＳｕｂｆａｍｉｌｙｉｎＳｔｒｅｓｓＲｅｓｐｏｎｓｅＣｕｉＤｅｚｈｏｕ１ꎬＷａｎｇＬｉｌｉ２∗ꎬＣｈｅｎＸｉａｎｇｌｏｎｇ３ꎬＬｉＹｏｎｇｂｏ１ꎬＨｕａｎｇＣｈｅｎ１ꎬＳｕｉＸｉｎｘｉａ１ꎬＣｈｕＸｉｕｓｈｅｎｇ１ꎬＦａｎＱｉｎｇｑｉ１(１.ＣｒｏｐＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅꎬＳｈａｎｄｏｎｇＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ/ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｏｆＷｈｅａｔａｎｄＭａｉｚｅ/ＫｅｙＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｆＷｈｅａｔＢｉｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＧｅｎｅｔｉｃｓａｎｄＢｒｅｅｄｉｎｇｉｎＮｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＨｕａｎｇ￣ＨｕａｉＲｉｖｅｒＰｌａｉｎꎬＭｉｎｉｓｔｒｙｏｆＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄＲｕｒａｌＡｆｆａｉｒｓ/ＳｈａｎｄｏｎｇＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙＩｎｎｏｖａｔｉｏｎＣｅｎｔｅｒｏｆＷｈｅａｔ/ＪｉｎａｎＫｅｙＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｆＷｈｅａｔＧｅｎｅｔｉｃＩｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔꎬＪｉｎａｎ２５０１００ꎬＣｈｉｎａꎻ２.ＳｈａｎｄｏｎｇＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｉａｌＣｅｎｔｅｒｏｆＦｏｒｅｓｔａｎｄＧｒａｓｓＧｅｒｍｐｌａｓｍＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓꎬＪｉｎａｎ２５０１０２ꎬＣｈｉｎａꎻ３.ＳｈａｎｄｏｎｇＬｕｙａｎＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＣｏ.ꎬＬｔｄ.ꎬＪｉｎａｎ２５０１００ꎬＣｈｉｎａ)Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ㊀ＷｈｅａｔｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅｍａｊｏｒｇｒａｉｎｃｒｏｐｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａꎬｂｕｔｉｔｓｇｒｏｗｔｈａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｍｉｇｈｔｂｅａｆｆｅｃｔｅｄｂｙｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅａｄｖｅｒｓｅｓｔｒｅｓｓｅｓ.ＡＰ２/ＥＲＥＢＰｉｓａｓｕｐｅｒｆａｍｉｌｙｏｆｐｌａｎｔｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒｓｗｈｉｃｈａｒｅｗｉｄｅｌｙｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄｉｎｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓｅｓｓｕｃｈａｓｇｒｏｗｔｈꎬｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄｓｔｒｅｓｓｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ.ＴｈｅＥＲＦｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｃｌａｓｓｉｓａｓｕｂｆａｍｉｌｙｏｆｔｈｅＡＰ２/ＥＲＥＢＰｓｕｐｅｒｆａｍｉｌｙ.Ｈｅｒｅꎬｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓａｎｄｄｉｓ￣ｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＥＲＦｓｕｂｆａｍｉｌｙｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒｓｉｎｗｈｅａｔｗｅｒｅｂｒｉｅｆｌｙｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ.Ａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｃｅｎｔｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｐｒｏ￣ｇｒｅｓｓｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｓｏｆＥＲＦｓｕｂｆａｍｉｌｙｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒｓｉｎｗｈｅａｔｗａｓｅｍｐｈａｓｉｚｅｄｉｎｒｅ￣ｓｐｏｎｓｅｔｏｓｔｒｅｓｓｅｓｓｕｃｈａｓｈｉｇｈｓａｌｔꎬｄｒｏｕｇｈｔꎬｌｏｗｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅꎬｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌａｎｄｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ.ＦｉｎａｌｌｙꎬｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｓｐｅｃｔｏｆＥＲＦｓｕｂｆａｍｉｌｙｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒｓｗｅｒｅｐｒｏｓｐｅｃｔｅｄ.Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ㊀ＷｈｅａｔꎻＥＲＦｓｕｂｆａｍｉｌｙꎻＴｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒꎻＳｔｒｅｓｓｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅꎻＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓ㊀㊀小麦(ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ.)是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一ꎬ是全球三分之一以上人口的主食ꎮ中国是世界上最大的小麦生产国和消费国ꎬ小麦的高产稳产对保障国家粮食安全至关重要ꎮ小麦生长发育周期长ꎬ期间干旱㊁盐碱㊁低温㊁高温㊁重金属㊁病虫害等生物㊁非生物胁迫都会不同程度地威胁小麦的高产稳产ꎮ近年来ꎬ得益于小麦基因组学的飞速发展ꎬ小麦响应逆境胁迫的分子调控网络被逐步阐明ꎬ转录因子在功能基因表达调控中的关键作用进一步凸显[１－４]ꎮ根据ＤＮＡ结合域的特性ꎬ转录因子可分成若干家族ꎬ包括ＭＹＢ㊁ＷＲＫＹ㊁ｂＺＩＰ㊁ＮＡＣ㊁ＡＰ２/ＥＲＥＢＰ等[５－７]ꎮＡＰ２/ＥＲＥＢＰ转录因子是植物特有的一类转录因子ꎬ广泛参与小麦逆境胁迫应答[８－１０]ꎮＥＲＦ转录因子是ＡＰ２/ＥＲＥＢＰ转录因子超家族的一个亚族ꎬ最早从烟草中分离得到[１１]ꎮ本研究综述小麦ＥＲＦ亚族转录因子在逆境胁迫应答中的作用及可能机制ꎬ以期为深入研究小麦ＥＲＦ亚族的分子功能及其抗逆遗传改良提供参考ꎮ１㊀ＥＲＦ亚族转录因子的特征ＡＰ２/ＥＲＥＢＰ是一个庞大的基因家族ꎬ因含有６０~７０个氨基酸组成的ＡＰ２/ＥＲＥＢＰ结构域而得名[１２]ꎮ在拟南芥中ꎬＳａｋｕｍａ等[１３]根据序列相似性和ＡＰ２/ＥＲＥＢＰ结构域的数量ꎬ将其分为５个亚族 ＥＲＦ亚族㊁ＤＲＥＢ亚族㊁ＲＡＶ亚族㊁ＡＰ２亚族和其他ꎮＡＰ２亚族含有２个ＡＰ２/ＥＲＥＢＰ结构域ꎬ主要在细胞生长发育过程中发挥调控作用[１４－１５]ꎻＲＡＶ亚族含有１个ＡＰ２/ＥＲＥＢＰ结构域和１个Ｂ３结构域ꎬ在乙烯㊁油菜素内酯和胁迫响应过程中发挥重要作用[１４ꎬ１６－１７]ꎻＤＲＥＢ亚族和ＥＲＦ亚族均属于ＥＲＥＢＰ型转录因子ꎬ都仅含１个ＡＰ２/ＥＲＥＢＰ结构域ꎬ在调控植物细胞发育及对病原菌㊁干旱㊁高盐㊁低温㊁激素等胁迫的应答反应中发挥作用[１４ꎬ１８－２２]ꎬ但ＡＰ２/ＥＲＥＢＰ结构域的第１４位和第１９位氨基酸存在差异ꎬＤＲＥＢ亚族分别是缬氨酸和谷氨酸ꎬ而ＥＲＦ亚族则分别是丙氨酸和天冬氨酸ꎮＥＲＦ亚族转录因子还可与乙烯诱导顺式作用元件ＧＣＣ－ｂｏｘ结合ꎬ抵御植物逆境胁迫[２３－２６]ꎮ２㊀小麦ＥＲＦ亚族转录因子鉴定分析目前正式命名的小麦ＥＲＦ亚族转录因子基因只有８个ꎬ而从全基因组水平分析ꎬ符合ＥＲＦ亚族特征的基因则有上百个之多[２７－２８]ꎮＺｈｕａｎｇ等[２９]在全基因组水平鉴定到４７个小麦ＥＲＦ亚族转录因子成员ꎬ根据拟南芥和水稻同源基因分类ꎬ将其分为Ｂ１㊁Ｂ２㊁Ｂ３㊁Ｂ４和Ｂ６五个亚组ꎮ随着二代测序技术及小麦基因组学研究的飞速发展ꎬＲｉａｚ等[３０]鉴定到１３８个ＥＲＦ亚族转录因子成员ꎬ分为６个亚组ꎬ主要定位于细胞核ꎻＭａｇａｒ等[２]鉴定到２３８个成员ꎬ其中ꎬ１７４个基因不含内含子㊁３个基因含３个内含子ꎬ鉴定数量有了质的飞跃ꎮ李世姣等[３１]利用隐马尔可夫模型文件检索中国春数据库ꎬ筛选到２２９条小麦ＥＲＦｓꎬ通过分析Ａ/Ｂ/Ｄ同源关系ꎬ将其归为９６个ＥＲＦ亚族成员ꎮ此外ꎬＦａｒａｊｉ等[３２]在硬粒小麦中鉴定到１８５个ＥＲＦ亚族成员ꎮ３㊀小麦ＥＲＦ亚族转录因子参与逆境胁迫的分子机制３.１㊀非生物胁迫越来越多的研究表明ꎬ大部分小麦ＥＲＦ亚族成员在对高盐㊁干旱㊁低温㊁重金属等非生物胁迫抗性调控中发挥重要作用(表１)ꎮ位于小麦７Ａ染色体上的ＴａＥＲＦ１ꎬ通过结合ＧＣＣ－ｂｏｘ和ＤＲＥ/ＣＲＴ元件㊁激活启动子区含ＧＧＣＣ－ｂｏｘ的ＰＲ蛋白(ｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓｒｅｌａｔｅｄｐｒｏ￣ｔｅｉｎꎬ病程相关蛋白)㊁磷酸化ＴａＭＡＰＫ１等方式ꎬ参与干旱㊁高盐㊁低温等代谢途径ꎬ过表达ＴａＥ￣ＲＦ１可显著提高转基因拟南芥对干旱㊁高盐和低温的耐受能力[３３]ꎮＴａＥＲＦ２基因受干旱㊁高盐㊁低温和湿害强烈诱导ꎬ过表达后可提高转基因拟南芥对干旱㊁低温等非生物胁迫的抗性[３４－３５]ꎮＴａＥＲＦ３通过特异结合ＧＣＣ－ｂｏｘꎬ正向调控ＬＥＡ３㊁ＧＳＴ６等抗逆相关基因表达ꎬ过表达ＴａＥＲＦ３可增加叶片脯氨酸㊁叶绿素含量ꎬ降低过氧化氢含量ꎬ增强小麦对高盐㊁干７７１㊀第２期㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀崔德周ꎬ等:小麦ＥＲＦ亚族转录因子参与逆境胁迫的研究进展旱胁迫的耐受能力ꎻ而经病毒诱导基因沉默(ＶＩＧＳ)干扰后的小麦植株则表现为盐和干旱敏感[３６]ꎮＴａＥＲＦ４是一个具有ＥＡＲ基序的转录抑制因子ꎬ过表达ＴａＥＲＦ４抑制ＡｔＮＨＸ１㊁ＡｔＮＨＸ２等钠离子转运相关基因的表达ꎬ通过非ＡＢＡ依赖的信号通路降低拟南芥耐盐性[３７]ꎮＴａＥＲＦ５受高盐㊁渗透胁迫㊁乙烯㊁ＡＢＡ和茉莉酸甲酯诱导表达ꎬ遗传学证据显示ꎬＴａＥＲＦ５－Ｂ过表达增强了转基因水稻的耐盐性[３８]ꎮ叶片ＴａＥＲＦ７表达受温度和日照调控ꎬ进而影响小麦百农不育系育性[２７]ꎮＴａＥ￣ＲＦ８－２Ｄ的表达受高盐胁迫诱导持续上调ꎬ其分子机制有待进一步研究[３９]ꎮＺｈｕ等[４０]研究发现ꎬＴａＰＩＥＰ１/ＴａＰＩＥ１通过激活乙烯合成基因ꎬ增强小麦对冷害胁迫的抗性ꎮＴａＥＲＦＬ１ａ受低温㊁高盐㊁干旱㊁ＡＢＡ等胁迫诱导表达ꎬＶＩＧＳ干扰该基因降低小麦对干旱胁迫的抗性[４１]ꎮＤｕ等[４２]研究表明ꎬＴａＥＲＦ８７通过与Ｔａ￣ＡＫＳ１互作ꎬ协同增强ＴａＰ５ＣＳ１和ＴａＰ５ＣＲ１的表达ꎬ提高脯氨酸的生物合成ꎬ进而增强小麦抗旱性ꎮ此外ꎬ在硬粒小麦(ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍｔｕｒｇｉｄｕｍＬ.ｓｕｂ￣ｓｐ.ｄｕｒｕｍ)中ꎬＴｄＥＲＦ１响应高盐和干旱胁迫[４３－４４]ꎬＴｄＳＨＮ１受高盐㊁干旱㊁低温㊁ＡＢＡ和重金属胁迫强烈诱导表达ꎬ过表达ＴｄＳＨＮ１可显著提高酵母对非生物胁迫的耐受性[４５－４６]ꎮ㊀㊀表１㊀参与非生物胁迫的小麦ＥＲＦ亚族转录因子基因结合元件分子功能参考文献ＴａＥＲＦ１ＧＣＣ－ｂｏｘ/ＤＲＥ/ＣＲＴ提高拟南芥对干旱㊁高盐和低温的耐受能力[３３]ＴａＥＲＦ２ＧＣＣ－ｂｏｘ/ＥＲＥ提高拟南芥对干旱㊁低温的耐受能力ꎬ响应小麦湿害胁迫[３４－３５]ＴａＥＲＦ３ＧＣＣ－ｂｏｘ提高小麦对高盐㊁干旱胁迫的耐受能力[３６]ＴａＥＲＦ４ 降低拟南芥对高盐胁迫的耐受能力[３７]ＴａＥＲＦ５ 提高水稻对高盐胁迫的耐受能力[３８]ＴａＥＲＦ６ 与ＴｄＥＲＦ１高度同源[４７]ＴａＥＲＦ７ＧＣＣ－ｂｏｘ/ＤＲＥ/ＣＲＴ控制百农不育系小麦育性[２７]ＴａＥＲＦ８－２Ｄ 高盐胁迫下持续上调表达[３９]ＴａＰＩＥＰ１/ＴａＰＩＥ１ＧＣＣ－ｂｏｘ提高小麦对冷害胁迫的耐受能力[４０]ＴａＥＲＦＬ１ａ 提高小麦对干旱胁迫的耐受能力[４１]ＴａＥＲＦ８７ＧＣＣ－ｂｏｘ/Ｅ－ｂｏｘ提高小麦对干旱胁迫的耐受能力[４２]ＴｄＥＲＦ１ＧＣＣ－ｂｏｘ/ＤＲＥ响应高盐和干旱胁迫[４３－４４]ＴｄＳＨＮ１ＧＣＣ－ｂｏｘ/ＤＲＥ提高酵母对高盐㊁干旱㊁重金属胁迫的耐受能力[４５－４６]３.２㊀生物胁迫小麦生育期遭遇的生物胁迫主要包括病原菌侵染和植食性害虫啃食ꎬ而小麦响应生物胁迫的转录因子研究主要集中在前者ꎮ研究表明ꎬＥＲＦ亚族转录因子可以提高小麦对病原菌的抗性(表２)ꎮＴａＥＲＦ１的表达受白粉病菌侵入的诱导ꎬ过表达ＴａＥＲＦ１可提高转基因拟南芥对真菌㊁细菌病害的抗性[３３]ꎮ病原菌侵染下ꎬＴａＥＲＦ３可激活防御基因表达ꎬ其中ꎬ在白粉病菌侵染早期主要通过水杨酸途径ꎬ而在镰刀菌㊁纹枯病菌侵染晚期主要通过乙烯/茉莉酸途径[４８]ꎮ过表达ＴａＰＩＥＰ１/ＴａＰＩＥ１可大量激活下游防卫基因的表达ꎬ进而提高小麦对纹枯病㊁根腐病的抗性[４０ꎬ４９]ꎮＣｈｅｎ等[５０]从中间偃麦草中分离了一个新的ＥＲＦ基因ＴｉＥＲＦ１ꎬ该基因主要通过依赖乙烯的信号转导途径激活病程蛋白相关基因的表达ꎬ提高转基因小麦对纹枯病的抗性ꎮ㊀㊀表２㊀参与生物胁迫的小麦ＥＲＦ亚族转录因子基因结合元件分子功能参考文献ＴａＥＲＦ１ＧＣＣ－ｂｏｘ/ＤＲＥ/ＣＲＴ提高拟南芥对真菌㊁细菌病害的抗性[３３]ＴａＥＲＦ３ＧＣＣ－ｂｏｘ参与对小麦白粉病菌㊁镰刀菌㊁纹枯病菌的防卫[４８]ＴａＰＩＥＰ１/ＴａＰＩＥ１ＧＣＣ－ｂｏｘ提高小麦对纹枯病㊁根腐病的抗性[４０ꎬ４９]ＴｉＥＲＦ１ＧＣＣ－ｂｏｘ提高小麦对纹枯病的抗性[５０]８７１山东农业科学㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第５６卷㊀４㊀展望近年来ꎬ极端天气频发ꎬ低温㊁干旱㊁高盐等非生物胁迫及病原菌侵染等生物胁迫严重制约小麦的安全生产ꎬ给粮食安全带来了严峻挑战ꎮ作为ＡＰ２/ＥＲＥＢＰ转录因子超家族的一个亚族ꎬＥＲＦ类转录因子连接上游信号和下游功能基因ꎬ在小麦抵御逆境胁迫中具有关键作用ꎮ基因组学分析表明ꎬ小麦ＥＲＦ亚族基因有２００余个ꎬ但目前只克隆鉴定了部分基因ꎬ并且已经投入育种应用的转基因材料也鲜有报道ꎬ后续仍需进一步深入挖掘具有重要抗逆功能的ＥＲＦ亚族基因ꎮ此外ꎬ目前的研究多集中在转录因子基因的克隆及转录调节功能的鉴定分析上ꎬＥＲＦ亚族转录因子自我调节的模式及其同其他转录因子间的相互作用关系尚未完全了解ꎮ相信随着基因组学㊁分子生物学技术的发展ꎬ对小麦ＥＲＦ亚族转录因子的抗逆网络解析会更加深入ꎬ从而为小麦抗逆遗传改良提供更坚实的理论依据和更强有力的基因工具ꎮ参㊀考㊀文㊀献:[１]㊀ＧａｈｌａｕｔＶꎬＪａｉｓｗａｌＶꎬＫｕｍａｒＡꎬｅｔａｌ.Ｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒｓｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄｉｎｄｒｏｕｇｈｔｔｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｒｏｌｅｉｎｄｅｖｅｌｏ￣ｐｉｎｇｄｒｏｕｇｈｔｔｏｌｅｒａｎｔｃｕｌｔｉｖａｒｓｗｉｔｈｅｍｐｈａｓｉｓｏｎｗｈｅａｔ(Ｔｒｉｔｉｃ￣ｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ.)[Ｊ].Ｔｈｅｏｒ.Ａｐｐｌ.Ｇｅｎｅｔ.ꎬ２０１６ꎬ１２９(１１):２０１９－２０４２.[２]㊀ＭａｇａｒＭＭꎬＬｉｕＨꎬＹａｎＧＪ.Ｇｅｎｏｍｅ￣ｗｉｄｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆＡＰ２/ＥＲＦｓｕｐｅｒｆａｍｉｌｙｇｅｎｅｓｉｎｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔｉｎｇｗｈｅａｔｇｅｎｏｔｙｐｅｓｒｅｖｅａｌｓｈｅａｔｓｔｒｅｓｓ￣ｒｅｌａｔｅｄｃａｎｄｉｄａｔｅｇｅｎｅｓ[Ｊ].Ｆｒｏｎｔ.ＰｌａｎｔＳｃｉ.ꎬ２０２２ꎬ１３:８５３０８６.[３]㊀ＸｉａｏＪꎬＬｉｕＢꎬＹａｏＹＹꎬｅｔａｌ.Ｗｈｅａｔｇｅｎｏｍｉｃｓｔｕｄｙｆｏｒｇｅｎｅｔ￣ｉｃｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｒａｉｔｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ[Ｊ].Ｓｃｉ.ＣｈｉｎａＬｉｆｅＳｃｉ.ꎬ２０２２ꎬ６５(９):１７１８－１７７５.[４]㊀解亚蒙ꎬ赵晓蕾ꎬ白菁华ꎬ等.小麦ＮＦ－Ｙ家族基因ＴａＮＦ－ＹＡ１介导植株耐旱功能研究[Ｊ].河北农业大学学报ꎬ２０２３ꎬ４６(１):１－９.[５]㊀丰锦ꎬ陈信波.抗逆相关ＡＰ２/ＥＲＥＢＰ转录因子研究进展[Ｊ].生物技术通报ꎬ２０１１(７):１－６ꎬ１１.[６]㊀王淑叶ꎬ伍国强ꎬ魏明.ＷＲＫＹ转录因子调控植物逆境胁迫响应的作用机制[Ｊ].生物工程学报ꎬ２０２４ꎬ４０(１):３５－５２. [７]㊀ＪａｖｅｄＴꎬＳｈａｂｂｉｒＲꎬＡｌｉＡꎬｅｔａｌ.Ｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒｓｉｎｐｌａｎｔｓｔｒｅｓｓｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓ:ｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｅｓａｎｄｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｆｏｒｓｕｇａｒｃａｎｅｉｍ￣ｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ[Ｊ].Ｐｌａｎｔｓꎬ２０２０ꎬ９(４):４９１.[８]㊀ＹｕＹꎬＹｕＭꎬＺｈａｎｇＳＸꎬｅｔａｌ.ＴｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｏｍｉｃｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｗｈｅａｔＡＰ２/ＥＲＦｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒｓａｎｄｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｃｈａｒａｃ￣ｔｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆＴａＥＲＦ￣６￣３Ａｉｎｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｔｏｄｒｏｕｇｈｔａｎｄｓａｌｉｎｉｔｙｓｔｒｅｓｓｅｓ[Ｊ].Ｉｎｔ.Ｊ.Ｍｏｌ.Ｓｃｉ.ꎬ２０２２ꎬ２３(６):３２７２. [９]㊀ＫａｒａｍｉＭꎬＦａｔａｈｉＮꎬＬｏｈｒａｓｅｂｉＴꎬｅｔａｌ.ＲＡＶｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒｒｅｇｕｌａｔｏｒｙｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｔｏｓａｌｔｓｔｒｅｓｓｉｎｔｗｏＩｒａｎｉａｎｗｈｅａｔｌａｎｄｒａｃｅｓ[Ｊ].Ｊ.ＰｌａｎｔＲｅｓ.ꎬ２０２２ꎬ１３５(１):１２１－１３６. [１０]洪林ꎬ杨蕾ꎬ杨海健ꎬ等.ＡＰ２/ＥＲＦ转录因子调控植物非生物胁迫响应研究进展[Ｊ].植物学报ꎬ２０２０ꎬ５５(４):４８１－４９６.[１１]Ｏｈｍｅ￣ＴａｋａｇｉＭꎬＳｈｉｎｓｈｉＨ.Ｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅ￣ｉｎｄｕｃｉｂｌｅＤＮＡｂｉｎｄｉｎｇｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓｔｈａｔｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｗｉｔｈａｎｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅ￣ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｖｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔ[Ｊ].ＰｌａｎｔＣｅｌｌꎬ１９９５ꎬ７(２):１７３－１８２.[１２]刘建光ꎬ王永强ꎬ张寒霜ꎬ等.ＥＲＦ转录因子在植物抗逆境胁迫的研究进展[Ｊ].华北农学报ꎬ２０１３ꎬ２８(增刊):２１４－２１８.[１３]ＳａｋｕｍａＹꎬＬｉｕＱꎬＤｕｂｏｕｚｅｔＪＧꎬｅｔａｌ.ＤＮＡ￣ｂｉｎｄｉｎｇｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃ￣ｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅＥＲＦ/ＡＰ２ｄｏｍａｉｎｏｆＡｒａｂｉｄｏｐｓｉｓＤＲＥＢｓｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒｓｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄｉｎｄｅｈｙｄｒａｔｉｏｎ￣ａｎｄｃｏｌｄ￣ｉｎｄｕｃｉｂｌｅｇｅｎｅｅｘｐｒｅｓ￣ｓｉｏｎ[Ｊ].Ｂｉｏｃｈｅｍ.Ｂｉｏｐｈｙｓ.Ｒｅｓ.Ｃｏｍｍｕｎ.ꎬ２００２ꎬ２９０(３):９９８－１００９.[１４]张计育ꎬ王庆菊ꎬ郭忠仁.植物ＡＰ２/ＥＲＦ类转录因子研究进展[Ｊ].遗传ꎬ２０１２ꎬ３４(７):４４－５６.[１５]ＷａｎｇＹＹꎬＳｕｎＬＬꎬＷａｎｇＲꎬｅｔａｌ.ＴｈｅＡＰ２ｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒｓＴＯＥ１/ＴＯＥ２ｃｏｎｖｅｙＡｒａｂｉｄｏｐｓｉｓａｇｅｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｔｏｅｔｈ￣ｙｌｅｎｅｓｉｇｎａｌｉｎｇｉｎｐｌａｎｔｄｅｎｏｖｏｒｏｏｔｒｅｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ[Ｊ].Ｐｌａｎｔａꎬ２０２２ꎬ２５７(１):１.[１６]ＦｕＭꎬＫａｎｇＨＫꎬＳｏｎＳＨꎬｅｔａｌ.ＡｓｕｂｓｅｔｏｆＡｒａｂｉｄｏｐｓｉｓＲＡＶｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒｓｍｏｄｕｌａｔｅｓｄｒｏｕｇｈｔａｎｄｓａｌｔｓｔｒｅｓｓｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｏｆＡＢＡ[Ｊ].ＰｌａｎｔＣｅｌｌＰｈｙｓｉｏｌ.ꎬ２０１４ꎬ５５(１１):１８９２－１９０４.[１７]ＬｕｏＹＸꎬＣｈｅｎＳＫꎬＷａｎｇＰＤꎬｅｔａｌ.Ｇｅｎｏｍｅ￣ｗｉｄｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅＲＡＶｇｅｎｅｆａｍｉｌｙｉｎｗｈｅａｔａｎｄｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＴａＲＡＶ１ｉｎｓａｌｔｓｔｒｅｓｓ[Ｊ].Ｉｎｔ.Ｊ.Ｍｏｌ.Ｓｃｉ.ꎬ２０２２ꎬ２３(１６):８８３４.[１８]于志晶ꎬ蔡勤安ꎬ刘艳芝ꎬ等.拟南芥抗逆基因ＤＲＥＢ２Ａ转化大豆的研究[Ｊ].大豆科学ꎬ２０１３ꎬ３２(５):６０６－６０８. [１９]ＺｈａｎｇＸＸꎬＴａｎｇＹＪꎬＭａＱＢꎬｅｔａｌ.ＯｓＤＲＥＢ２Ａꎬａｒｉｃｅｔｒａｎ￣ｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒꎬｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙａｆｆｅｃｔｓｓａｌｔｔｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅｉｎｔｒａｎｓｇｅｎｉｃｓｏｙｂｅａｎ[Ｊ].ＰＬｏＳＯＮＥꎬ２０１３ꎬ８(１２):ｅ８３０１１.[２０]刘坤ꎬ李国婧ꎬ杨杞.参与植物非生物逆境响应的ＤＲＥＢ/ＣＢＦ转录因子研究进展[Ｊ].生物技术通报ꎬ２０２２ꎬ３８(５):２０１－２１４.[２１]ＣｈｅｎｇＣꎬＡｎＬＫꎬＬｉＦＺꎬｅｔａｌ.Ｗｉｄｅ￣ｒａｎｇｅｐｏｒｔｒａｙａｌｏｆＡＰ２/ＥＲＦｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒｆａｍｉｌｙｉｎｍａｉｚｅ(ＺｅａｍａｙｓＬ.)ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄｓｔｒｅｓｓｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓ[Ｊ].Ｇｅｎｅｓꎬ２０２３ꎬ１４(１):１９４.[２２]阮航ꎬ多浩源ꎬ范文艳ꎬ等.ＡｔＥＲＦ４９在拟南芥应答盐碱胁迫中的作用[Ｊ].生物技术通报ꎬ２０２３ꎬ３９(１):１５０－１５６. [２３]ＭüｌｌｅｒＭꎬＭｕｎｎé￣ＢｏｓｃｈＳ.Ｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｆａｃｔｏｒｓ:ａｋｅｙｒｅｇｕｌａｔｏｒｙｈｕｂｉｎｈｏｒｍｏｎｅａｎｄｓｔｒｅｓｓｓｉｇｎａｌｉｎｇ[Ｊ].ＰｌａｎｔＰｈｙｓ￣ｉｏｌ.ꎬ２０１５ꎬ１６９(１):３２－４１.[２４]ＤｅｂｂａｒｍａＪꎬＳａｒｋｉＹＮꎬＳａｉｋｉａＢꎬｅｔａｌ.Ｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ９７１㊀第２期㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀崔德周ꎬ等:小麦ＥＲＦ亚族转录因子参与逆境胁迫的研究进展ｆａｃｔｏｒ(ＥＲＦ)ｆａｍｉｌｙｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓｉｎａｂｉｏｔｉｃｓｔｒｅｓｓｅｓａｎｄＣＲＩＳＰＲ￣Ｃａｓ９ｇｅｎｏｍｅｅｄｉｔｉｎｇｏｆＥＲＦｓｆｏｒｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅａｂｉｏｔｉｃｓｔｒｅｓｓｔｏｌｅｒ￣ａｎｃｅｉｎｃｒｏｐｐｌａｎｔｓ:ａｒｅｖｉｅｗ[Ｊ].Ｍｏｌ.Ｂｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌ.ꎬ２０１９ꎬ６１(２):１５３－１７２.[２５]赵曾强ꎬ郭文婷ꎬ张析ꎬ等.棉花抗枯萎病相关基因ＧｈＥＲＦ５￣４Ｄ的克隆及功能分析[Ｊ].生物技术通报ꎬ２０２２ꎬ３８(４):１９３－２０１.[２６]才晓溪ꎬ胡冰霜ꎬ沈阳ꎬ等.ＧｓＥＲＦ６基因过表达对水稻耐盐碱性的影响[Ｊ].作物学报ꎬ２０２３ꎬ４９(２):５６１－５６９. [２７]李紫良ꎬ张建朝ꎬ李政ꎬ等.小麦转录因子基因ＴａＥＲＦ７的克隆及其表达分析[Ｊ].西北植物学报ꎬ２０２０ꎬ４０(２):２１０－２１７.[２８]ＺｈａｎｇＬꎬＬｉｕＰꎬＷｕＪꎬｅｔａｌ.ＩｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆａｎｏｖｅｌＥＲＦｇｅｎｅꎬＴａＥＲＦ８ꎬａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｐｌａｎｔｈｅｉｇｈｔａｎｄｙｉｅｌｄｉｎｗｈｅａｔ[Ｊ].ＢＭＣＰｌａｎｔＢｉｏｌ.ꎬ２０２０ꎬ２０(１):２６３.[２９]ＺｈｕａｎｇＪꎬＣｈｅｎＪＭꎬＹａｏＱＨꎬｅｔａｌ.Ｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｙａｎｄｅｘｐｒｅｓ￣ｓｉｏｎｐｒｏｆｉｌｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆＡＰ２/ＥＲＦｆａｍｉｌｙｇｅｎｅｓｆｒｏｍＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ[Ｊ].Ｍｏｌ.Ｂｉｏｌ.Ｒｅｐ.ꎬ２０１１ꎬ３８(２):７４５－７５３. [３０]ＲｉａｚＭＷꎬＬｕＪꎬＳｈａｈＬꎬｅｔａｌ.ＥｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎａｎｄｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆＡＰ２/ＥＲＦｇｅｎｅｆａｍｉｌｙｉｎｗｈｅａｔ(ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ.)[Ｊ].Ｆｒｏｎｔ.Ｇｅｎｅｔ.ꎬ２０２１ꎬ１２:６３２１５５. [３１]李世姣ꎬ张晓军ꎬ乔麟轶ꎬ等.小麦盐胁迫响应相关ＥＲＦ基因的分离和初步验证[Ｊ].核农学报ꎬ２０２１ꎬ３５(５):１０３９－１０４７.[３２]ＦａｒａｊｉＳꎬＦｉｌｉｚＥꎬＫａｚｅｍｉｔａｂａｒＳＫꎬｅｔａｌ.ＴｈｅＡＰ２/ＥＲＦｇｅｎｅｆａｍｉｌｙｉｎＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍｄｕｒｕｍ:ｇｅｎｏｍｅ￣ｗｉｄｅｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅｘ￣ｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｕｎｄｅｒｄｒｏｕｇｈｔａｎｄｓａｌｉｎｉｔｙｓｔｒｅｓｓｅｓ[Ｊ].Ｇｅｎｅｓꎬ２０２０ꎬ１１(１２):１４６４.[３３]ＸｕＺＳꎬＸｉａＬＱꎬＣｈｅｎＭꎬｅｔａｌ.Ｉｓｏｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒｃｈａｒ￣ａｃｔｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ.ｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅ￣ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｖｅｆａｃ￣ｔｏｒ１(ＴａＥＲＦ１)ｔｈａｔｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｓｔｒｅｓｓｔｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅ[Ｊ].ＰｌａｎｔＭｏｌ.Ｂｉｏｌ.ꎬ２００７ꎬ６５(６):７１９－７３２.[３４]宋桂成ꎬ周淼平ꎬ余桂红ꎬ等.小麦乙烯转录因子ＴａＥＲＦ２响应湿害胁迫的表达分析[Ｊ].核农学报ꎬ２０２２ꎬ３６(５):８７６－８８４.[３５]徐兆师.小麦抗逆相关ＤＲＥＢ/ＥＲＦ转录因子基因的克隆与鉴定[Ｄ].北京:中国农业科学院ꎬ２００５:１１４－１２１. [３６]ＲｏｎｇＷꎬＱｉＬꎬＷａｎｇＡＹꎬｅｔａｌ.ＴｈｅＥＲＦｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒＴａＥＲＦ３ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｓｔｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅｔｏｓａｌｔａｎｄｄｒｏｕｇｈｔｓｔｒｅｓｓｅｓｉｎｗｈｅａｔ[Ｊ].ＰｌａｎｔＢｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌ.Ｊ.ꎬ２０１４ꎬ１２(４):４６８－４７９. [３７]ＤｏｎｇＷꎬＡｉＸꎬＸｕＦꎬｅｔａｌ.ＩｓｏｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆａｂｒｅａｄｗｈｅａｔｓａｌｉｎｉｔｙｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｖｅＥＲＦｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒ[Ｊ].Ｇｅｎｅꎬ２０１２ꎬ５１１(１):３８－４５.[３８]张蕾.小麦盐胁迫应答相关基因ＴａＥＲＦ５的功能研究[Ｄ].北京:中国农业科学院ꎬ２０１３:３２－３４.[３９]崔德周ꎬ李永波ꎬ隋新霞ꎬ等.小麦盐胁迫持续上调转录因子基因ＴａＥＲＦ８￣２Ｄ的克隆及其分析[Ｊ].山东农业科学ꎬ２０２１ꎬ５３(５):３２－３７.[４０]ＺｈｕＸＬꎬＱｉＬꎬＬｉｕＸꎬｅｔａｌ.Ｔｈｅｗｈｅａｔｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｆａｃ￣ｔｏｒｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎ￣ｉｎｄｕｃｅｄＥＲＦ１ｍｅｄｉａｔｅｓｈｏｓｔｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓｔｏｂｏｔｈｔｈｅｎｅｃｒｏｔｒｏｐｈｉｃｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎＲｈｉｚｏｃｔｏｎｉａｃｅｒｅａｌｉｓａｎｄｆｒｅｅｚｉｎｇｓｔｒｅｓｓｅｓ[Ｊ].ＰｌａｎｔＰｈｙｓｉｏｌ.ꎬ２０１４ꎬ１６４(３):１４９９－１５１４.[４１]ＧａｏＴꎬＬｉＧＺꎬＷａｎｇＣＲꎬｅｔａｌ.ＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＥＲＦＬ１ａｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒｉｎｗｈｅａｔｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓｔｏｗａｔｅｒｄｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙ[Ｊ].Ｉｎｔ.Ｊ.Ｍｏｌ.Ｓｃｉ.ꎬ２０１８ꎬ１９(５):１４６５.[４２]ＤｕＬＹꎬＨｕａｎｇＸＬꎬＤｉｎｇＬꎬｅｔａｌ.ＴａＥＲＦ８７ａｎｄＴａＡＫＳ１ｓｙｎｅｒｇｉｓｔｉｃａｌｌｙｒｅｇｕｌａｔｅＴａＰ５ＣＳ１/ＴａＰ５ＣＲ１￣ｍｅｄｉａｔｅｄｐｒｏｌｉｎｅｂｉｏｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓｔｏｅｎｈａｎｃｅｄｒｏｕｇｈｔｔｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅｉｎｗｈｅａｔ[Ｊ].ＮｅｗＰｈｙｔｏｌ.ꎬ２０２３ꎬ２３７(１):２３２－２５０.[４３]ＭａｋｈｌｏｕｆｉＥꎬＹｏｕｓｆｉＦＥꎬＭａｒａｎｄｅＷꎬｅｔａｌ.Ｉｓｏｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｍｏ￣ｌｅｃｕｌａｒｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆＥＲＦ１ꎬａｎｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｆａｃｔｏｒｇｅｎｅｆｒｏｍｄｕｒｕｍｗｈｅａｔ(ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍｔｕｒｇｉｄｕｍＬ.ｓｕｂｓｐ.ｄｕｒｕｍ)ꎬｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｌｙｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄｉｎｓａｌｔ￣ｓｔｒｅｓｓｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓ[Ｊ].Ｊ.Ｅｘｐ.Ｂｏｔ.ꎬ２０１４ꎬ６５(２２):６３５９－６３７１.[４４]ＭａｋｈｌｏｕｆｉＥꎬＹｏｕｓｆｉＦＥꎬＰｉｒｒｅｌｌｏＪꎬｅｔａｌ.ＴｄＥＲＦ１ꎬａｎｅｔｈｙｌ￣ｅｎｅｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｆａｃｔｏｒａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｄｅｈｙｄｒａｔｉｏｎｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓｉｎｄｕ￣ｒｕｍｗｈｅａｔ(ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍｔｕｒｇｉｄｕｍＬ.ｓｕｂｓｐ.ｄｕｒｕｍ)[Ｊ].ＰｌａｎｔＳｉｇｎａｌａｎｄＢｅｈａｖ.ꎬ２０１５ꎬ１０(１０):ｅ１０６５３６６.[４５]ＤｊｅｍａｌＲꎬＫｈｏｕｄｉＨ.ＩｓｏｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆａｎｏｖｅｌＷＩＮ１/ＳＨＮ１ｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅ￣ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｖｅｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒＴｄＳＨＮ１ｆｒｏｍｄｕｒｕｍｗｈｅａｔ(ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍｔｕｒｇｉｄｕｍＬ.ｓｕｂｓｐ.ｄｕ￣ｒｕｍ)[Ｊ].Ｐｒｏｔｏｐｌａｓｍａꎬ２０１５ꎬ２５２(６):１４６１－１４７３. [４６]ＤｊｅｍａｌＲꎬＫｈｏｕｄｉＨ.Ｔｈｅｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅ￣ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｖｅｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒｏｆｄｕｒｕｍｗｈｅａｔꎬＴｄＳＨＮ１ꎬｃｏｎｆｅｒｓｃａｄｍｉｕｍꎬｃｏｐｐｅｒꎬａｎｄｚｉｎｃｔｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅｔｏｙｅａｓｔａｎｄｔｒａｎｓｇｅｎｉｃｔｏｂａｃｃｏｐｌａｎｔｓ[Ｊ].Ｐｒｏｔｏｐｌａｓｍａꎬ２０２２ꎬ２５９(１):１９－３１.[４７]ＨａｇｈｉｒＳꎬＡｌｅｍｚａｄｅｈＡ.Ｃｌｏｎｉｎｇａｎｄｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚａ￣ｔｉｏｎｏｆＴａＥＲＦ６ꎬａｇｅｎｅｅｎｃｏｄｉｎｇａｂｒｅａｄｗｈｅａｔｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅｒｅ￣ｓｐｏｎｓｅｆａｃｔｏｒ[Ｊ].Ｍｏｌ.Ｂｉｏｌ.Ｒｅｓ.Ｃｏｍｍｕｎ.ꎬ２０１８ꎬ７(４):１５３－１６３.[４８]ＺｈａｎｇＺＹꎬＹａｏＷＬꎬＤｏｎｇＮꎬｅｔａｌ.ＡｎｏｖｅｌＥＲＦｔｒａｎｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎａｃｔｉｖａｔｏｒｉｎｗｈｅａｔａｎｄｉｔｓｉｎｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｋｉｎｅｔｉｃｓａｆｔｅｒｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎａｎｄｈｏｒｍｏｎｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓ[Ｊ].Ｊ.Ｅｘｐ.Ｂｏｔ.ꎬ２００７ꎬ５８(１１):２９９３－３００３.[４９]ＤｏｎｇＮꎬＬｉｕＸꎬＬｕＹꎬｅｔａｌ.ＯｖｅｒｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆＴａＰＩＥＰ１ꎬａｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎ￣ｉｎｄｕｃｅｄＥＲＦｇｅｎｅｏｆｗｈｅａｔꎬｃｏｎｆｅｒｓｈｏｓｔ￣ｅｎｈａｎｃｅｄｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅｔｏｆｕｎｇａｌｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎＢｉｐｏｌａｒｉｓｓｏｒｏｋｉｎｉａｎａ[Ｊ].Ｆｕｎｃｔ.Ｉｎｔｅｇｒ.Ｇｅｎｏｍｉｃ.ꎬ２０１０ꎬ１０(２):２１５－２２６.[５０]ＣｈｅｎＬꎬＺｈａｎｇＺＹꎬＬｉａｎｇＨＸꎬｅｔａｌ.ＯｖｅｒｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆＴｉＥＲＦ１ｅｎｈａｎｃｅｓｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅｔｏｓｈａｒｐｅｙｅｓｐｏｔｉｎｔｒａｎｓｇｅｎｉｃｗｈｅａｔ[Ｊ].Ｊ.Ｅｘｐ.Ｂｏｔ.ꎬ２００８ꎬ５９(１５):４１９５－４２０４.０８１山东农业科学㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第５６卷㊀。
考虑光伏发电不确定性的源-网-荷-储协调调度方法
张怀宇（１９６３—），男，高级工程师，主要从事电网生产运行管理。
徐超然（１９９８—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为配电网运行与优化。
黄志龙（１９７４—），男，教授级高级工程师，主要从事电网运行分析和控制技术管理。
基金项目：华东电网科技项目（ＳＧＨＤ００００ＤＫＪＳ２０００１１９）考虑光伏发电不确定性的源－网－荷－储协调调度方法张怀宇１， 徐超然２， 黄志龙１， 陆建宇１， 李亚平３， 侯 勇１（１．国家电网有限公司华东分部，上海 ２００１２０；２．上海交通大学，上海 ２００２４０；３．中国电力科学研究院有限公司南京分院，江苏南京 ２１０００３）摘 要：随着分布式电源和储能系统的大规模接入，配电网运行需要解决不同设备间的协调控制问题。
考虑源－网－荷－储不同设备的差异化动作时间尺度，提出考虑光伏发电不确定性的源－网－荷－储协调调度方法。
首先，以能量损耗和电压偏移最小为目标，考虑源－网－荷－储设备间的协调控制，建立配电网有功－无功协调调度模型。
然后，考虑源－荷不确定性，建立基于随机优化的配电网优化调度问题；采用蒙特卡洛模拟与快速前向选择法获得典型场景，将随机优化问题转换为确定性问题进行求解。
最后，采用ＩＥＥＥ３３节点系统进行仿真分析，通过对比验证了所提方法的有效性。
关键词：源－网－荷－储；光伏发电；储能系统；随机优化；多时间尺度协调控制中图分类号：ＴＭ７６１ 文献标志码：Ａ 文章编号：２０９５ ８１８８（２０２１）０５ ００８６ ０７ＤＯＩ：１０．１６６２８／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．２０９５ ８１８８．２０２１．０５．０１６ＣｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅｄＤｉｓｐａｔｃｈＭｅｔｈｏｄｏｆＧｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ Ｇｒｉｄ Ｌｏａｄ ＳｔｏｒａｇｅＣｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｉｎｇＵｎｃｅｒｔａｉｎｔｙｏｆＰＶＧｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎＺＨＡＮＧＨｕａｉｙｕ１， ＸＵＣｈａｏｒａｎ２， ＨＵＡＮＧＺｈｉｌｏｎｇ１， ＬＵＪｉａｎｙｕ１， ＬＩＹａｐｉｎｇ３， ＨＯＵＹｏｎｇ１（１．ＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａＢｒａｎｃｈｏｆＳｔａｔｅＧｒｉｄＣｏｒｐｏｒａｔｉｏｎ，Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ２００１２０，Ｃｈｉｎａ；２．ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＪｉａｏｔｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ２００２４０，Ｃｈｉｎａ；３．ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＢｒａｎｃｈｏｆＣｈｉｎａＥｌｅｃｔｒｉｃＰｏｗｅｒＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ，Ｎａｎｊｉｎｇ２１０００３，Ｃｈｉｎａ）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｌａｒｇｅ ｓｃａｌｅｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅｎｅｒｇｙｓｔｏｒａｇｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ，ｔｈｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅｄｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｅｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔｎｅｅｄｓｔｏｂｅｓｏｌｖｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｎｅｔｗｏｒｋ．Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ，ａｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅｄｄｉｓｐａｔｃｈｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｆｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ ｇｒｉｄ ｌｏａｄ ｓｔｏｒａｇｅｉｓｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｕｎｃｅｒｔａｉｎｔｙｏｆＰＶｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌａｃｔｉｏｎｔｉｍｅｓｃａｌｅｏｆｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｅｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔ．Ｆｉｒｓｔｌｙ，ａｉｍｉｎｇａｔｍｉｎｉｍｉｚｉｎｇｐｏｗｅｒｌｏｓｓａｎｄｖｏｌｔａｇｅｏｆｆｓｅｔ，ｔｈｅａｃｔｉｖｅ ｒｅａｃｔｉｖｅｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅｄｄｉｓｐａｔｃｈｍｏｄｅｌｏｆｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｎｅｔｗｏｒｋｉｓｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｂｙｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅｄｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｆｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ ｇｒｉｄ ｌｏａｄ ｓｔｏｒａｇｅｅｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔ．Ｓｅｃｏｎｄｌｙ，ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｕｎｃｅｒｔａｉｎｔｙｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄｉｎｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｌｏａｄｄｅｍａｎｄ，ｔｈｅｏｐｔｉｍａｌｄｉｓｐａｔｃｈｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｂａｓｅｄｏｎｓｔｏｃｈａｓｔｉｃｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｓｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ．ＴｙｐｉｃａｌｓｃｅｎａｒｉｏｓａｒｅｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｂｙＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｆａｓｔｆｏｒｗａｒｄｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ，ａｎｄｔｈｅｓｔｏｃｈａｓｔｉｃｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｉｓｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｅｄｉｎｔｏａｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｉｓｔｉｃｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ．Ｆｉｎａｌｌｙ，ｔｈｅｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄｍｅｔｈｏｄｉｓｔｅｓｔｅｄｏｎｔｈｅＩＥＥＥ３３ ｂｕｓｓｙｓｔｅｍ，ａｎｄｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｎｅｓｓｏｆｔｈｅｍｅｔｈｏｄｉｓｖｅｒｉｆｉｅｄｂｙｃｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎ．Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ ｇｒｉｄ ｌｏａｄ ｓｔｏｒａｇｅ；ｐｈｏｔｏｖｏｌｔａｉｃｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ；ｅｎｅｒｇｙｓｔｏｒａｇｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ；ｓｔｏｃｈａｓｔｉｃｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎ；ｍｕｌｔｉ ｔｉｍｅｓｃａｌｅｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅｄｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ０ 引 言随着传统化石能源呈现衰竭趋势，全球范围内对新能源及其发电技术的需求日益增加［１ ４］。
青海省科学技术厅关于下达青海省二〇二二年第一批科技计划项目的通知
青海省科学技术厅关于下达青海省二〇二二年第一批
科技计划项目的通知
文章属性
•【制定机关】青海省科学技术厅
•【公布日期】2022.02.24
•【字号】青科发规〔2022〕9号
•【施行日期】2022.02.24
•【效力等级】地方规范性文件
•【时效性】现行有效
•【主题分类】科技计划
正文
青海省科学技术厅关于下达青海省二〇二二年第一批科技计
划项目的通知
各有关单位：
现将《青海省二〇二二年结转科技项目经费计划》《青海省二〇二二年新开科技计划项目》下达给你们，本批计划包括科技项目228项，本年度拟资助经费34391.26万元。
其中，结转科技项目132项，当年资助14688.74万元；新开科技项目96项，当年资助19702.52万元。
请接此通知后，加快推进项目的组织实施工作，按已下达的经费预算于30日内完成项目合同书签定，逾期未签定合同将予以撤项。
附件：1. 青海省二〇二二年结转科技项目经费计划
2. 青海省二〇二二年新开科技计划项目
附件
1.青海省二○二二年结转科技项目经费计划。
GeoServer开发手册系列
目录写在前面 (3)一介绍 (4)二工具 (4)Java (4)Maven (4)Subversion (4)三源代码 (4)源代码 (5)提交 (5)库结构 (5)分支结构 (6)快速入门 (6)取出源代码 (6)由Maven构建 (7)由Maven生成Eclipse工程文件 (9)导入模块进Eclipse (9)在Eclipse中运行GeoServer (12)访问GeoServer首页 (13)Maven指南 (13)安装Maven (13)运行Maven (13)构建 (13)跳过测试 (14)离线构建 (14)构建扩展 (14)Profiles (15)Eclipse (15)构建Web模块 (15)使用Jetty运行web模块 (16)Eclipse指南 (16)导入模块 (17)运行和调试 (17)设置数据目录 (17)更改Jetty默认端口 (18)配置Jetty的JNDI资源 (19)Eclipse首选项 (20)代码格式化 (21)代码模板 (22)文本编辑器 (22)编译器 (23)OWS服务 (24)OWS服务概览 (24)实现一个简单的OWS服务 (24)建立 (25)创建插件 (27)试一试 (30)REST服务 (34)简介 (34)RESTful服务实现 (35)基于Maps的Restful服务实现 (42)基于反射的Restful服务实现 (47)GeoServer中的Wicket开发 (53)Web用户接口 (60)简介 (60)实现一个Wicket UI扩展 (61)写在前面一介绍二工具JavaMavenSubversion三源代码源代码提交库结构分支结构四快速入门取出源代码由Maven构建由Maven生成Eclipse工程文件导入模块进Eclipse在Eclipse中运行GeoServer访问GeoServer首页五Maven指南六Eclipse指南七编程指南八释放指南九释放测试检查列表十CITE测试指南十一政策与步骤写在前面我一直对OSGeo的软件和应用很感兴趣，希望致力于这些软件在中国的普及与应用，《GeoServer开发手册》是这些工作的一部分。