经济型数控铣床主传动及进给传动结构及控制系统设计

摘 要

科学技术的不断发展，对机械产品的质量和生产率提出了越来越高要求。机械 加工工艺过程的自动化是实现上述要求的最主要的措施之一。它不仅提高产品的质 量、提高生产效率、降低生产成本、还能够大大改善工人的劳动条件。大批量的自 动化生产广泛采用自动机床、组合机床和专用机床以及专用自动生产线，实行多刀、 多工位同时加工，以达到高效率和高自动化。但这些都属于刚性自动化，在面对小 批量生产时并不是适用，因为小批量生产需要经常变化产品的种类，这就要求生产 线具有柔性。而从某种程度上说，数控机床的出现正是很大的满足了这一要求。数 控铣床一般由控制介质、数控装置、伺服系统、机床本体四部分组成。数控装置的 作用是把控制介质、数控装置、伺服系统、机床本体四部分组成。也就是通过计算 机控制铣削。数控技术是现代制造技术的基础。它综合了计算机技术、自动控制技 术、自动检测技术和精密机械等高新技术，因此广泛应用于机械制造业。数控机床 替代普通机床，从而使得制造业发生了根本性的变化，并带来了巨大的经济效益。 可以预见，高级自动化技术将进一步证明数控机床的价值，并且正在更为广阔的开 拓着数控机床的应用领域。

关键词：自动机床，经济型铣床，步进电机，滚珠丝杠副，数控机床

ABSTRACT

The continuous development of science and technology, mechanical products, and productivity of the quality of the increasing number of requests. The automation of the process to achieve the above requirements. It not only improves product quality, increase productivity, reduce production costs, but also can greatly improve the working conditions of workers. Large­scale automated production, the widespread use of automatic machines, machine tool and special machine tools and automatic production lines, while the implementation of multi­tool, multi­bit processing in order to achieve high efficiency and degree of automation. These are rigid automation in the face of small batch production, it is not suitable for small batch production, is often necessary to change the type of product, which requires a flexible production line. But to a certain extent, the CNC machine tool is a great meet this requirement. The general control of the media, and numerical control device, the servo system of the CNC milling machine, the body composed of four parts. The numerical control device to control the media, the role of CNC equipment, servo system, four components of the Machine Tool. It is computer­controlled milling machine. CNC technology is the basis of modern manufacturing technology. It combines computer technology, automatic control technology, automatic detection technology, precision machinery and high­tech, it is widely used in machinery manufacturing industry. Instead of general machine tools, CNC machine tools, the manufacturing sector to produce fundamental change, and bring huge economic benefits. It is foreseeable that advanced automation technologies will further demonstrate the value of CNC machine tools, CNC machine tool applications open up a broader

Key words: automatic machine, economic type milling machine, Stepping Motor, Ball Screws

目 录

1 绪论 (1)

1.1 选题目的及其意义 (1)

1.2 文献综述 (1)

1.3 设计任务 (2)

2 总体方案的确定 (4)

2.1 机械传动部件的选择 (4)

2.2 控制系统的设计 (4)

3 机械传动部件的计算与选型 (5)

3.1 导轨上移动部件的重量估算 (5)

3.2 铣削力的计算 (5)

3.3 直线滚动导轨副的计算与选型 (5)

3.4 滚珠丝杠螺母副的计算与选型 (6)

3.5 同步带的计算与选型 (11)

3.6 步进电动机的计算与选型 (13)

3.7 主轴部件的计算与选型 (16)

4 机械标准件的选型与校核 (23)

4.1 销连接的选型与校核 (23)

4.2 联轴器的选型与校核 (23)

4.3 轴承的分类及选用 (25)

4.4 键的分类及选用 (28)

5 微机控制系统的设计 (29)

5.1 微机控制系统组成及特点 (29)

5.2 微机控制系统设备介绍 (29)

参考文献 (33)

致 谢 (34)