老托福分类场景听力文本(精编版)
老托听力文本目录校园类17+4=21 (2)第一篇宿舍噪音 (2)第一篇（打工场景） (10)生物类15+13=28 (12)第一篇reptile (13)第一篇（实验介绍） (20)天文类3+3=6 (26)第一篇Jupiter (27)第一篇（登陆月球和火星） (28)地球科学类5+12=17 (30)第一篇恐龙消失 (30)第一篇（地球interior） (32)人类学类5+3=8 (38)第一篇The origin of farming of prehistoric times (38)第一篇 (41)历史类16+31=47 (42)第一篇建筑 (42)第一篇（舞蹈） (50)人体生理心理学类2+7=9 (66)66第一篇（Baby hypothesis） (67)Business类4 (71)语言学类3 (73)校园类17+4=21第一篇宿舍噪音W: So how do you like living in the renovated dorms?M: There aren‟t much different than the old dorms, ju st some new pane and windows. The windows are nice so they shut off the noise really well. The street‟s just outside, but I can barely hear the traffic.W: Um, they must be good windows, I bet they must have double panes and glass; they shut off a lot o f noise that the single pane wouldn‟t stop.M: Yeah, I wish I had something just the factor between me and my neighbor‟s room. Sometimes he turns up the music so loud that I have trouble getting into sleep. Anyway I guess I‟m better off than the people who‟ll be moving into the new dorms. Did you see how thin the walls are that they putting up between those rooms?W: I haven‟t seen them but I did read something about them in the campus newspaper. They are supposed to be better than the thick concrete wa ll you‟ve got here.M: Better? How?W: Well, what they doing is separating each room with 2 thin layer of plasterboards and each one is nailed to a different frame. That way they vibrate independently.M: Oh, I see, so the sound from one room doesn‟t just vibrate the wall and go directly into next room. There is a gap between 2 layers of wall.W: That‟s right.M: Well, I‟m still stuck with this neighbor and I am not sure what to do.W: You know heavy bear wall doesn‟t help. You should hang somet hing up like some fur rags or some decorated cross. That would act like a kind of a second wall and absorb some sound. I got some extras you can use, people hey.M: I‟d appreciate it; anything to get a good night sleep.第二篇W: Can I help you find something? Oh, hi, Rick!M: Oh, hi, Julie. When did you start working here? I thought you were waiting tables in Teresa‟s café.W: Yeah, I quitted, because I had to work too many nights. I started here just a few days ago. It‟s perfect! I work all afternoon shift. So my mornings are free for classes, and I can study at night. So what are you looking for?M: Well, I can‟t seem to find the 8th book for English 626. I only found these seven. I‟m probably looking right at itW: Um…English 626…English 626… Are you sure they are 8?M: Yeah, they are 8 titles on my syllabus. And look, the card on the shelf had eight listed. But I can only find seven of the books.W: You are right. Oh, here they are. They are on the wrong shelves over here by economics books.I‟ll have to put these into the English books so they are not so hard to find.M: Thanks a lot. Can you point me the direction of the computer paper?W: Sure, it‟s… 2 or 3 aisles over. Why don‟t you follow me? It‟s easier just to show you.第三篇选课M: Janet! Nice to see you again. Ready to plan you schedule for next semester?W: Yeah, I‟ve already looked at the list of classes. And I hope to take business law and intro tofinance this coming semester.M: That sounds good. And it is always best plans the courses in your major first and then fit out the requirements on the electives then.W: I like to take one other business course, but I am not sure which one?M: How are about an economics course?W: I took one this past semester and got a lot out of it.M: Oh, that‟s right I remember you telling me about it. Well, let‟s see what else you need? W: I need another English course and was thinking about taking a poetry class.M: Let me see, the prerequisite for all the poetry classes is the English composition.W: I took that my first semester.M: Well, modern American poetry fits in your scheduleW: With Doctor Turner?M: Um-huh…W: That‟ll be great! I heard all about her from my roommate, the English major.M: This should up tobe a pretty good semester for you, what else do you need to take?W: I have to take one more math course but I have been putting it at all. I heard that calculus isreally tough.M: It is! But you may want to take it and just take these four courses this semester.W: That‟s not a bad idea! I just hope it doesn‟t affect my grade point average!第四篇学生抗议食堂W: Excuse me. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?M: No I guess not.M: Great! This is for a student council report; we want to find out what students think the campus food service the results would tell us what kind of changes to push for.M: I think everyone has pretty strong opinions about that.W: Yeah, that‟s one thing I found out already. Ok, first how often do you eat in the cafeteria? M: Almost everyday, I‟ve got a meal contract.W: And do you usually eat here at Anderson hall.M: Yeah, I live next door.W: And you mention that you have a meal contract, is that right?M: Uh-huh! For breakfast and dinner, Monday to Saturday.W: What‟s your general impression of the food here?M: Well, people complain a lot, but basically I think it‟s ok. The vegetables are usually overcooked, but I mean they had to feed hundreds of people here. You are not going to get something freshly prepared just for you.W: What if I just put down generally satisfactory, would like more fresh vegetables, ok?M: Sure.W: So you think the other things like soup and dessert‟s okay?M: Yeah, that‟s about right.W: Is there anything you like to change about the cafeteria?M: Yes, the hours. Sometimes it‟s a real rush for me to get back here before 6:30.第五篇学习问题★W: Excuse me! I need to a copy of Steven Hakim‟s Brief History of Time. And I don‟t know where to look for it?M: D id you check the status on the library‟s computer?W: I tried but I couldn‟t figure out what to do.M: Well I can call it up right here. You wanted Hakim‟s book right? It looks like it will be out for another 6 weeks.W: Oh no, I really need it for paper that due in 2 weeks. Is there anything you can do?M: Sure, we can try to get it from another library, just fill out this form and it should be here in 3 or 5 days. But it will cost 2 dollars.W: What a relief! That‟s a really help!**********************************************************★M: Good morning. Is this where we should come to add or drop a course?W: Yes, it is. Just write the name of the course you want to drop on this little form.M: Great! Now where do I write the Astronomy course that I want to add?W: Sorry it‟s too late to add a course. You could only add courses two weeks since this semester. And Friday was the last day.M: But I‟m senior. And if I dropped the class without adding in one, I wouldn‟t have enough credits to graduate.W: So, what you have to do then is to get the professor‟s approval and have him sign the special add form. Then bring it back to me, and I put it through.M: Okay. Thanks. I hope I‟ll be able to find them.**********************************************************★M: Hi, Lanyard, we missed you in psychology class yesterday.W: I have a terrible cough. So I stayed at home. Do you take notes?M: Well, no one can ever recite for my handwriting. Tina was there, too. And you are more likely to be able to read her notes.W: Do you know where she is today?M: I know she has class in the morning. But she always eats lunch in the cafeteria around noon.W: Good! I‟ll try to catch her then.第六篇打工场景M: So you are going to be writing for the school newspaper?W: Yes, I‟m excited about it. I‟m thinking about journalism as a career.M: Well! Congratulations! How do they decide whom to hire?W: I have to send the writing sample. I used one of the essays I‟ve written for the literature class, then the editor assigned me a topic to write a short article about it.M: What did you write about?W: Actually, it was a lot of fun. I wrote about the students‟ play that has been performed this month.M: Oh, I saw that play. The director is a friend of mine. It really called in a stir around here. W: Yeah, I know. That‟s what I wrote about --people‟s reaction to it. It‟s really interesting. M: Have you finished the article? Can I read it?W: Sure. I just made a couple of copies. So you can have one.M: Thanks. I wish I were a better writer. Working for the paper sounds like fun.W: Well, they‟re looking to add one or two more photographers to the staff.M: You‟re kidding! May be I‟ll go over and apply.W: If you want, I‟ll walk over with you to the newspaper office and introduce you to the photographic editor and some of the other photographers.M: That will be terrific! But can we go tomorrow? I have to go to math class now. And if we go tomorrow, then I‟ll have time tonight to put together a portfolio of photographs to show them.W: Sure. And maybe you should call them and set up a time to meeting them tomorrow. M: Good idea. I‟ll do that before I go to class.W: All right. See you tomorrow.第七篇学习问题W: Hey, Kevin, I haven‟t seen you since the beginning of the semester, how is it going?M: Well, I am a little overwhelmed. It‟s strange. I always want to go to a big university like this but now I am here. I am not so sure. I mean the courses ar e interesting enough, but… W: What‟s bothering you then?M: Well after going to a small high school and knowing everybody it‟s a pretty shagged to be in huge lecture hall with hundreds of students. And not one professor even knows my name. W: I know y ou mean. I‟ve so pretty lost myself last year but I know about something that might help. It‟s called the mentor group.M: The what?W: The mentor group. It‟s like a support group. I joined it last year when I was a first year student.M: So what is it?W: It‟s basically professors and small group of students getting together informally to discuss all kinds of subjects. You have the chance to meet professors and other students.M: Hem, sounds worthwhile, but doesn‟t it take up a lot of studying ti me？W: Not really, you can study all the time you know and this is like a little break.M: I guess you could meet professor whose course you might take later!W: Exactly, that‟s what happened to me! I am taking the psychology course with Professor Green. I didn‟t know how interesting psychology was, till I got to talk to him in the mentor group.M: You talk to him in the mentor group! Is it too late to join?W: I don‟t think so; if I were you I go over to the dean‟s office and sign up.M: I was going to the library to return a book but I can do it later I guess.第八篇注册学校W: Here we are at registration again; I can‟t believe how much tuition has gone up.M: I know. It‟s ridiculous. You know my cousin Anne pays nothing to go her school in Kentucky.W: Nothing! Maybe I should transfer there.M: You can‟t, only students from certain part of Kentucky can go. It‟s only for students from the Appalachian Mountains area.W: So with no tuition how do they run the school?M: Well, they get a lot of donations.W: And that pays for everything?M: Well, they also get some money from the government and besides that all the students are required to work at the college. That‟s why the college doesn‟t need to hire a lot ofoutside-workers.W: Oh yeah, that will help cut the school expenses, so what kind of job do they do?M: My cousin helps to clean the dorms. I think her roommate washes dishes in the cafeteria. Things like that.W: That sounds great! Come to think of it. I heard of something in Georgia called hope scholarship.M: Hope scholarship? What‟s that?W: I think they used state lottery money to give free tuition. But not everyone from Georgia qualifies. You need at least B average in high school.M: I should apply for that. I had really good grades in high school.W: No, you had to be from Georgia.M: Just my luck.第九篇学习问题W: What‟s the matter? I‟ve never seen you look so tense?M: Oh, I am just frustrated. That‟s all. I have been working on this lab report for my biology class for hours and the results keep coming out wrong.W: Did you use the right procedures?M: Yeah, that‟s not the problem…it‟s just the…well, it‟s just, you know every time I do the statistics I get the different results. Did you ever take biology?W: No, I fill my science requirement with physics, I really don‟t car e for biology especially dissection. I must pass it down in high school. We had to cut open that.M: Ok, I get the picture, I am bit squish myself but biology requires the least math, whichisn‟t my best subject. I really don‟t see why we even have to t ake science classes if we are not major in it. I am never going to use this in the real life.W: Well that‟s not the point really, a college graduate suppose to be well-rounded it. You knowwith broad education. You can only specialize in grad school.M: Sure, if I ever get there. It just seems I run one biology lab report could stand in the wave of brilliant career in sociology.W: You don‟t be silly; you will manage somehow. See how come you don‟t have the result for one of your XXX to write down.M: Whoops! I must forgot to add it in. No wonder my figures were messed up!十篇W: Hi, Mark, how is it going?M: Well, not so great.W: What's wrong?M: I‟ve got a big problem with the poetry course that‟s required for my major.W: Is it all sold up?M: No, no, there's plenty room, but there's prerequisite. I‟ve got to take an introduction to poetry before I can take the special course in poets of the 1960's, and the introductory course is only offered in the evenings.W: You don't like evening classes?M: No, that's not the point. I work in the cafeteria every evening; I need the money to pay my tuition.W: Can you ask someone that work to switch hours with you? Maybe you could just switch a couple of evening since the course probably only needs two times a week?M: I wish I could, my boss just did me a favor by putting me on evenings. And he'll hit the ceiling if I ask to change again.W: Wait a minute, I have an idea, have you checked the course over at the community college?They might offer intro-to-poetry course during the day!M: Hey, that's a great idea! I am free this afternoon, I think I'll go over and check it out.W: Yeah, their courses are actually cheaper and you can transfer the credits over here!M: Thank for the advice, Linda. I'll let you know what happens.W: Sure, Mark, good luck! Oh, while you there, could you find out when the pool is open? M: No problem.第十一篇学习问题M: I'm really glad we got Cindy to be in our study group.W: That's for sure, his background in art should be a big help getting ready for this art history final.M: Now, what we'll have to do is to figure out where we‟re going to meet.W: Why don't we just meet in the library?M: The six people in the group will probably make too much noise. How about my dorm room?W: There is not enough space, where would we all sit?M: Oh, I know, the snack bar in the student center! It is not too crowd in the evening, and we can push some tables together.W: That'll work! I'll let everyone know to be there at 7:00 tonight.第十二篇买书M: Excuse me. I am looking for the textbook for a course called Psychology of Personality, but Ican't find it anywhere.W: Is that the book for Dr. Peterson's course?M: That's right, Psychology 3601.W: Yes, yes, I was afraid of that. It seems we didn't order enough books for that class. You are the 7th person today who‟s come in looking for one.M: But classes begin on Monday.W: I wouldn't worry, Dr. Peterson was aware of the problem, and we got another shipment of books coming in before the end of the month.M: Can I reserve the copy?W: No problem. Just give me your name and phone number, we'll call you when the books arrive.第十三篇停车★M: I‟ve got another parking ticket. I don't understand why?W: What color sticker do you have?M: It's gold; it's for this lot!W: Well, where did you park?M: Over there, next to that green truck.W: You are right in front of the loading dock; that's where they unload the kitchen supplies. M: So what?W: You are lucky you only got a ticket. Normally, security tows any cars that park there.第十四篇打工场景★Listen to a conversation between an advisor and a student.W: Come on in, Paul, and have a seat. How can I help you?M: Well, I need to choose my major, and I guess I am not sure what I want to do for a career. W: Oh!M: My problem is that I love philosophy, but my dad doesn't want me to get a degree in the humanities. He said that I'll be better off financially with a career in something like business. W: Yes, people in the humanities often do make lower salaries.M: Yeah, and I don't want to be poor, so I‟m doomed.W: Hem...I guess you know that a lot of famous philosophers work in other fields, too. In fact,some of them did ground-breaking work.M: Like Aristotle?W: Um, this is just one example. There were doctors, lawyers, historians, mathematicians. Lock for example, he was trained to medicine.M: Yeah, but you are talking about geniuses. I get to grades, but I'm not a genius.W: My point is, you could work in a higher paid field and pursue philosophy on the side. It's not too late for you to declare a double major.M: But what other fields what I choose?W: I can help you with that, there's a special test you can take to determine your talents. You can take it now and it only takes an hour, then we can match your talents to a variety of job descriptions and go for there.M: Ok, that sounds like a good plan!第十五篇打工场景M: Ms. Preska, I am Tim Louis.W: Nice to meet you, Tim. The work study office called to let me know you will come in. You are interested in job here this coming semester.M: Yes, I was hoping the library might be able to use me.W: We always need some help from work study students. Can you tell me a little about yourself?M: Let‟s see, I am a sophomore. I live off campus and I major in business.W: Fine, what about work experience?M: I have been the lifeguard for 3 summers at city pool. Here on campus I work last year in the cafeteria. This semester I am at the computer center 3 evenings a week but I prefer the afternoon job.W: We have the opening for someone to share books 4 afternoons a week, a total of 16 hours. Will that suit you?M: Perfectly, my courses in next semester all meet in the morning.W: The job is yours then. Please read through this information before your begin, your first day of work will be 2 weeks from today.M: Thank you very much, I‟ll see you then.第十六篇暑假出行M: So where are you going to be this summer?W: I‟ve got a part time job at the gallery in New York. And I will be taking a joining class at night.M: That's great. You can learn a lot working in an art gallery, and there's no place like New York for an inspiring artist. I lived there myself when I was first at the college.W: I know how lucky I am to have this job but to tell you the truth; I have my heart set on going out west this summer.M: Out west? You mean California.W: No, the southwest, the desert and everythingM: Why the desert?W: Well, you know, Georgia O'Keeffe is my favorite artist, and she did such good work out there.M: That' true. But O'Keeffe didn't start out in the southwest, you know. She lived in New York for years, and she did some very impressive painting there.W: I guess you mean the skyscraper series. It's funny I never really thought about where she paint them before.M: It was in New York and she got a lot out of living there. She didn't always enjoy it. But later on she said that being around so many artists that help her to develop her own artistic vision.W: That's a new way of looking at the city. Now I can only find affordable place to live.第十七篇学习问题★Listen to part of the conversation between two college studentsM: Could we stop for a few minutes before we go over chapter five? I'm gonna need extra emerge to get through that one.W: Why? The first four chapters went really fast.M: I know, but the professor said the test would go up to chapter five. And that's the one I understand least. My notes from that day are a mess, circles made of broken lines, the word "GESTALT" in big letters, complete confusion.W: Ok, well, let's start with the broken lines. There suppose to be an illustration of the principle of closure. The idea is that your brain doesn't take in information exactly the same way as your eyes see it. I mean it's not like your eyes are camera and your brain just see the photographs it takes. The point is that your brain perceives more than your eyes actually see. Imaging individual broken lines and the shape of the circle, your brain perceives them to be a circle, even though the shape isn't complete. Your brain fills in the empty spaces because what it sees is familiar to a complete pattern.M: Oh, I get it. Our brains‟ close is based in the circle --- closure, so is closure the same thing as GESTALT?W: Well, closure is part of GESTALT. It's one of the five principles that try to explain how thebrain organizes the information it perceives.M: Hem, do you think that the other four principles would be on the test?W: Probably seems they are all in chapter five. We'd better go over all of them.M: Yeah, I'm sure you are right. But let's go and get something to eat before we do the rest, ok? Otherwise, I don't think my brain will be able to perceive anything.W: Sure, let's go.第一篇（打工场景）It seems like only yesterday that I was sitting where you are, just finishing my first year of medical school and wondering if I'd ever get a chance to use all my new knowledge on a real live patient!Well, I have good news for you! You don't have to wait until your third or fourth year ofMedical school to get some hands-on experience! The dean has invited me here to tell you about the university's rural opportunity program. If you enroll in this program, you can have the opportunity this summer, after your first year of medical school, to spend from four to six weeks observing and assisting a real physician like me in a small rural community. You won't have to compete with other students for time and attention, and you can see what life as a country doctor is really like.The program was designed to encourage medical students like yourselves to consider careers in rural communities that are still understaffed. It seems that medical students are afraid to go into rural family practice for two reasons. First, they don't know much about it. And second, specialists in the cities usually make more money. But, on the up-side, in rural practice, doctors can really get to know their patients and be respected members of the community.I participated in the program when it first started and spent six weeks in a small rural town. Let me tell you, it was really great! I got to work with real patients. I watched the birth of a child, assisted an accident victim, and had lots of really practical hands-on experience --- all in one summer. And to my surprise, I found that country life has a lot to offer that city life doesn't --- no pollution or traffic jams, for instance!My experience made me want to work where I'm needed and appreciated. I don't miss the city at all!第二篇（选课场景）In the few minutes that remain of today's class, I'd like to discuss next week's schedule with you. Because I'm presenting a paper at a conference in Detroit on Thursday, I won't be here for either Wednesday's or Friday's class. I will, however, be here for Monday's. Next Friday, a week from today, is the midterm exam, marking the halfway point in the semester. Professor Andrews has agreed to administer the exam. In place of the usual Wednesday class, I've arranged an optional review session. Since it is optional, attendance will not be taken; however, attending the class would be a good idea for those worried about the midterm. So, remember: optional class next Wednesday; midterm, Friday.第三篇（打工场景）Good afternoon. I'm here today to talk to you about a career with our airline. We're especially interested in recruiting people to fill openings for flight attendants.First of all, to work as a flight attendant with us, you must be accepted into our training program --- and with so many people applying, it's not easy to be selected. From the thousands of applications that we receive annually, we choose fewer than a thousand people for training. So, we require experience serving the public; and it also helps if you've earned some college credits.Also, not everybody who gets accepted into the training program makes it through.The course meets six days a week for five weeks. The training includes extensive classroom workin such subjects as first aid and passenger psychology as well as practical training in flight procedures and meal service. A lot of our graduates say that our fight attendants develop the skills of a nurse, a headwaiter, and a public relations executive!But, as a flight attendant myself, I can say that all of the hard work is worth it. Of course, I get to travel throughout the country, and the airline pays all of my expenses while I'm away from my base station. And, what I like best of all is that I've made friends with people from all over the country!第四篇（Housing场景）I need to make sure you understand how to get housing for next year. When you entered as first-year students this year, the school assigned you to a dorm and a roommate, but next year as returning students you'll choose both your roommate and your dorm. But whether or not you actually get to live in your first choice depends on what number you or your roommate draws in the lottery system. The system gives priority to the students who have been here longest. Fourth-year students get the first block of numbers, third-years get the second block, and second-years --- like you'll be --- get the third. The lower the number you draw, the sooner you choose. Number one gets the first choice, number two gets the second choice, and so on.You can use either your won or your intended roommate's number to make your room choice. If your roommate for next year has been at the school longer than you have, they'll be in a better block of numbers and so will have a better number than any second-year student. But most of you will probably be rooming with other second-year students and so neither of you may have a great number. You may not get into your first or even second choice. Of course, if you've made plans to live off campus, you don't need to enter the lottery at all.Dorm space will be especially tight this year because the dorms on North Campus will be closed for renovations. This means that those of you who draw the worst numbers won't be able to get dorm housing at all. In that case, the housing office will help you find off-campus housing.生物类15+13=28。
老托福听力partc原文精选
老托福听力partc原文精选既然已经实行新托福了,那么老托福里面的内容还有必要做吗?小编在这边说还是很有必要的,特别是听力部分,它是纠正发音,培养语感也是很好的材料，小编整理部分老托福听力原文精选,供大家学习。
第一期：Current studies show that what goes on labels is an important consideration for manufacturers, since more than seventy percent of shoppers read food labels when considering whether to buy a product. A recent controversy as to whether labels on prepared foods should educate or merely inform the consumer is over, and a consumer group got its way. The group had maintained that product labels should do more than simply list how many grams of nutrients a food contains. Their contention was that labels should also list the percentage of a day's total nutrients that the product will supply to the consumer, because this information is essential in planning a healthy diet. A government agency disagreed strongly, favoring a label that merely informs the consumer, in other words, a label that only lists the contents of the products. The agency maintained that consumers could decide for themselves if the food is nutritious and is meeting their daily needs. The consumer group, in supporting its case, had cited a survey in which shoppers were shown a food label, and were then asked if they would need more or less of a certain nutrient after eating a serving of this product. The shoppers weren't able to answer the questions easily when they were not given a specific percentage. This study,and others helped get the new regulation passed, and now food products must have the more detailed labels.【生词摘录】1. label: n. [C]a piece of paper or other material that is stuck onto something and gives information about it2. consideration: n. [U]formal careful thought and attention【正式】3. manufacturer: n. [C]a company or industry that makes large quantities of goods4. gram: n. [C]the basic unit for measuring weight in the metric system5. nutrient: n. [C]a chemical or food that provides what is needed for plants or animals to live and grow 养分;营养物,营养品6. contention: n. [U]formal argument and disagreement between people7. favor: v. to think that a plan, idea etc is better than other plans, ideas etc8. maintain: v. to strongly express your belief that something is true9. nutritious: adj. food that is nutritious is full of the natural substances that your body needs to stay healthy or to grow properly(食物)有营养的,滋养的,营养价值高的。
老托听力30篇
老托福Part C 听写30篇文稿________________________________________1. This morning I want to tell you about a recent scientific discovery dealing with the relationship between plants and animals. This is about a desert shrub whose leaves can shoot a stream of poisonous resin a distance of six feet. You think it would be safe from all attacks by insects? But a recent study has found one insect, a beetle that can chew its way past the plant's defense system by cutting the main vein that delivers the poison to the leaves. This vein cutting is just one method the beetles used to prepare a safe meal. Another is by cutting a path all the way across the leaves to hold the flow of chemicals. Then they simply eat between the veins of poison. In the past, scientists who studied insect adaptation to plant defenses have focused on chemical responses, that is, how the insects can neutralize or alter the poisonous substances plants produce. What's unique about this chewing strategy is that the beetle is actually exhibiting a behavioral response to the plant's defenses rather than the more common chemical response. It is only after a beetle's survived several encounters with the plant's resin that it learns how to avoid the poison: by chewing through the resin transporting veins on the next leaf it eats, and thus gives itself a safe meal. However, it can take a beetle an hour and a half of careful vein cutting to prepare a small leaf that takes it only a few minutes to eat. So, though the method is effective, it's not very efficient.生词摘录：1. shrub: n. 灌木2. resin: n. 树脂3. beetle: n. 甲壳虫4. vein: n. 静脉5. neutralize: v. 中和6. alter: v. 改变________________________________________2. Human populations near the equator have evolved dark skin over many generations because of exposure to the fiercest rays of the sun. A similar phenomenon has also occurred in other parts of the animal kingdom. The African grass mouse is a good example. Most mice are nocturnal, but the African grass mouse is active during daylight hours. This means that it spends its days searching for food in the semi-dry bush in scrubby habitats of eastern and southern Africa. Its furry stripe's like a chipmunk's, which helps it blend in with its environment. Because it spends a lot of time in the intense tropical sun, the grass mouse has also evolved two separate safeguards against the sun's ultraviolet radiation. First, like the population of humans in this region of the world, the skin of the grass mouse contains lots of melanin, or dark pigment. Second and quite unusual, this mouse has a layer of melanin-pigmented tissue between its skull and skin. This unique cap provides an extra measure of protection for the grass mouse and three other types of African mouse, like rodents that are active during the day. The only other species scientists has identified with the same sort of skull adaptation is the white tent-making bat of the Central American tropics. Although these bats sleep during the day, they do so curled up with their heads exposed to the sun.生词摘录：1.equator: n. 赤道2.nocturnal: adj. 夜行的3.scrubby: adj. 树丛繁盛的4.stripe: n. 条纹5.chipmunk: n. 花栗鼠6.ultraviolet: adj. 紫外线的7.melanin: n. 黑色素8.pigment: n. 色素9.rodent: n. 啮齿类动物10.skull: n. 头骨________________________________________3. We've been looking at fear from a biological perspective, and someone asked whether the tendency to be fearful is genetic. What some studies done with mice indicate that mammals do inherit fearfulness to some degree. In one study, for instance, a group of mice was placed in a brightly lit open box with no hiding places. Some of the mice wandered around the box and didn't appear to be bothered about being so exposed. But other mice didn't move. They stayed up against one wall which indicated that they were afraid. Well, when fearful mice, or you might say anxious mice like the ones who stayed in one place, when mice like these were bred with one another repeatedly, after about twelve or so generations, then all of the offspring showed similar signs of fearfulness. And even when a new born mouse from this generation was raised by a mother and with other mice who were not fearful, that mouse still tended to be fearful as an adult. Now why is this? Well it's thought that specific genes in an animal's body have an influence on anxious behavior. These are genes that are associated with particular nerve-cell receptors in the brain. And the degree of overall of fearfulness in the mammal seems to depend in large part on the presence or absence of these nerve-cell receptors. And this appears to apply to humans as well by the way. But while a tendency towards anxiety and fear may well be an inherited trait, the specific form that the fear takes has more to do with the individual's environment. So a particular fear, like the fear of snakes or the fear of spider, say, is not genetic, but the overall tendency to have fearful responses, is. 生词摘录：1. genetic: adj. 遗传的2. offspring: n. 子孙，后代3. receptor: n. 接受器________________________________________4. Let's turn our focus now to advertising. We all know what an advertisement is. It's essentially a message that announces something for sale. Now there's an important precondition that must exist before you have advertising, and that's a large supply of consumer goods, that is, things to sell. You see in a place where the demand for a product is greater than the supply, there is no need to advertise. Now the earliest forms of advertising going back many hundreds of years with a simple sign over shop doors that told you whether the shop was a bakery, a butcher shop or what have you. Then with the advent of printing press, advertising increased substantially. Ads for products like coffee, tea and chocolate appeared in newspapers and other periodicals, as well as on the sides of building. In the American colonies, advertising and communications media like newspapers and pamphlets became a major factor in marketing goods and services. By modern standards, these early advertisements were quite small and subdued, not as splashy, whole page spread of today. Still some of them appeared on the front pages of newspapers probably because the news often consisted of less refresh reports from distant Europe while the ads were current and local. Advertising really came and do it so and became an essential part of doing business during the industrial revolution. Suddenly there was a much greater supply of things to sell. And as we said earlier, that is the driving force behind advertising. People's attention had to be drawn to the new product. Let's take a look at some of the advertisements from that time.生词摘录：1. essentially: adv. 本质上，本来2. precondition: n. 先决条件3. bakery: n. 面包店4. butcher: n. 屠户5. periodical: n. 期刊6. pamphlet: n. 小册子7. subdued: adj. 被抑制的8. splashy: adj. 大而显眼的，引人注目的________________________________________5. Moving away from newspapers, let's now focus on magazines. Now, the first magazine was a little periodical called The Review, and it was started in London in 1704. It looked a lot like the newspapers of the time. But in terms of its content, it was much different. Newspapers were concerned mainly with news events, but The Review focused on important domestic issues of the day as well as the policies of the government. Now in England at the time, people could still be thrown in jail for publishing articles that were critical of the king. And that's what happened to Daniel Defoe. He was the outspoken founder of The Review. Defoe actually wrote the first issue of The Review from prison. You see, he had been arrested because of his writings that criticized the policies of the Church of England, which was headed by the king. After his release, Defoe continued to produce The Review and magazine started to appear on a more frequent schedule, about three times a week, it didn't take long for other magazines to start popping up. In 1709, a magazine called The Tatler began publication. This new magazine contained a mixture of news, poetry, political analysis, and philosophical essays.生词摘录：1. periodical: n. 期刊2. The Review: 《评论》杂志3. Daniel Defoe: 丹尼尔·笛福(1660 -1731)，生于伦敦一小工商业者家庭，1731年4月26日卒于莫尔福德。
（完整版）老托听力93篇原文
（完整版）老托听力93篇原文老托Part C精选93篇1Community service is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called "One On One" helps elementary students who've fallen behind. You education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching—that is, tutoring in math and English. You'd have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, English, or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors—he'll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week. I'm sure you'll enjoy this community service and you'll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you've had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you'd like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge's office this week.【生词摘录】/doc/0b6916605.html,ponent: n.［C］one of several parts that together make up a wholemachine or system （机器或系统的）零件；成分；组成部分2.tutor: n.［C］someone who teaches one pupil or a small group, and isdirectly paid by them 家庭教师，私人教师 v. to teach someone as a tutor 给…当家庭教师；指导3.mentor: n.［C］an experienced person who advises and helps a lessexperienced person 顾问，指导人，教练2I hope you've all finished reading the assigned chapter on insurance so that you're prepared for our discussion today. But, before we start, I'd like to mention a few things your text doesn't go into. It's interesting to note that insurance has existed in some form for a very long time. The earliest insurance policies were what we called bottomry contracts. They provided shipping protection for merchants as far back as 3000 B.C. In general, the contracts were often no more than verbal agreements. They granted loans to merchants with the understanding that if a particular shipment of goods was lost at sea, the loan didn't have to be repaid. Interest on the loans varied according to how risky it was to transport the goods. During periods of heavy piracy at sea, for example, the amount of interest and the cost of the policy went up considerably. So, you can see how insurance helped encourage international trade. Even the most cautious merchants became willing to risk shipping their goods over long distances, not to mention in hazardous weather conditions when they had this kind of protection available. Generally speaking, the basic form of an insurance policy has been pretty much the same since the Middle Ages. There are four points that were salient then and remain paramount in all policies today. These were outlined in chapter six and will serve as the basis for the rest of today's discussion. Can anyone tell me what one of those points mightbe?【生词摘录】1.insurance: n.［U］an arrangement with a company in which you pay themmoney each year and they pay the costs if anything bad happens to you, such as an illness or an accident 保险；the money that you pay regularly to an insurance company 保险费；the business of providing insurance 保险业2.bottomry: n.船舶抵押契约（如船舶损失，则债务取消），冒险借贷3.contract: n.［C］a formal written agreement between two or morepeople,which says what each person must do for the other 契约；合同4.loan: n.［C］an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc（银行等的）贷款5.understanding: n.［C usually singular］a private, unofficial agreement（私底下、非正式的）协议，协定6.interest: n.［U］a charge made for borrowing money（借贷的）利息［+on］7.piracy: n. the crime of attacking and stealing from ships at sea海上抢劫，海盗行为8.cautious: adj. careful to avoid danger or risks小心的，谨慎的，慎重的9.hazardous: adj.危险的10.s alient: adj.formal the salient points or features of something are themost important or most noticeable parts of it 【正式】显著的，突出的11. paramount: adj. more important than anything else 至高无上的，最重要的3Located at the NASA Research Center in Iowa is a 5,000-gallon vat of water, and inside the tank is an underwater treadmill designed by Dava Newman, an aerospace engineer. For four years Newman observed scuba divers as they simulated walking on the Moon and on Mars on her underwater moving belt. She wanted to discover how the gravity of the Moon and of Mars would affect human movement. To do this, Newman attached weights to the divers and then lowered them into the tank and onto the treadmill. These weights were carefully adjusted so that the divers could experience underwater the gravity of the Moon and of Mars as they walked on the treadmill. Newman concluded that walking on Mars will probably be easier than walking on the Moon. The Moon has less gravity than Mars does, so at lunar gravity, the divers struggled to keep their balance and walked awkwardly. But at Martian gravity, the divers had greater traction and stability and could easily adjust to a pace of 1.5 miles per hour. As Newman gradually increased the speed of the treadmill, the divers took longer, graceful strides until they comfortably settled into an even quicker pace. Newman also noted that at Martian gravity, the divers needed less oxygen. The data Newman collected will help in the future design of Martian space suits. Compared to lunar space suits, Martian space suits will require smaller air tanks; and, to allow for freer movement, the elbow and knee areas of the space suits will also be altered.【生词摘录】1.gallon: n.AmE a unit for measuring liquids, equal to 3.785 litres【美】加仑（等于3.785升）2.vat: n.［C］a very large container for storing liquids such as whisky ordye,when they are being made（酿酒、盛染料用的）大缸，大桶3.tank: n.［C］a large container for storing liquid or gas（盛放液体或气体的）大容器4.treadmill: n.［C］a mill worked in the past by prisoners treading onsteps fixed to a very large wheel（过去用以惩罚犯人的）踏车5.aerospace: adj. involving the designing and building of aircraft and spacevehicles 航空和航天（器制造）的n.［U］the industry that designs and builds aircraft and space vehicles 航空和航天工业，航天工业6.scuba diving: n.［U］the sport of swimming under water while breathingthrough a tube connected to a container of air on your back 斯库巴潜泳，水肺潜泳（戴自携式潜水呼吸器潜泳）7.simulate: v. to make or produce something that is not real but has theappearance of being real 模仿，模拟8.Martian: adj. of or relating to the planet Mars火星的Welcome to Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife. At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a goodsampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades. You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators. Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We'd hate to have to come looking for you. You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit. During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive! Right now they're not so bothersome,but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.【生词摘录】1.Everglades National Park:大沼泽地国家公园2.saw grass:克拉莎草；加州砖子苗3.acre: n.［C］a unit for measuring area, equal to 4,047 square metres英亩4.sampling: n. items selected at random from a population and used totest hypotheses about the population 取样，抽样，采样5.exotic: adj.approving seeming unusual and exciting because of beingconnected with a foreign country 【褒义】异国风情的，外国情调的：exotic birds 外国的奇异鸟类6.alligator: n.［C］a large animal with a long mouth and sharp teeth thatlies in the hot wet parts of the US and China 短吻鳄7.boardwalk: n.［C］AmE a raised path made of wood, usually built nextto the sea【美】（常在海滨）用木板铺成的小道8.prairie: n.［C］a wide open area of land in North America which iscovered in grass or wheat（北美洲的）大草原9.canoe: n.［C］a long light boat that is pointed at both ends and whichyou move along using a paddle 独木舟，小划子10.n egotiate: v. <口>成功通过，顺利越过11.m osquito: n.［C］a small flying insect that sucks the blood of peopleand animals 蚊子Thank you. It's great to see so many of you interested in this series on "Survival in Outer Space." Please excuse the cameras; we're being videotaped for the local TV stations. Tonight I'm going to talk about the most basic aspect of survival—the space suit. When most of you imagine an astronaut, that's probably the first thing that comes to mind, right? Well, without space suits, it would not be possible for us to survive in space. For example, outer space is a vacuum—there's no gravity or air pressure; without protection, a body would explode. What's more, we'd cook in the sun or freeze in the shade with temperatures ranging from a toasty300 degrees above to a cool 300 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. The space suit that NASA has developed is truly a marvel. This photo enlargement here is a life-size image of anactual space suit worn by astronauts on the last space shuttle mission. This part is the torso. It’s made of seven extremely durable layers. This thick insulation protects against temperature extremes and radiation. Next is what they call a "bladder" of oxygen that's an inflatable sac, filled with oxygen, to simulate atmospheric pressure. This bladder presses against the body with the same force as the Earth's atmosphere at sea level. The innermost layers provide liquid cooling and ventilation. Despite all the layers, the suit is flexible, allowing free movement so we can work. Another really sophisticated part of the space suit is the helmet. I brought one along to show you. Can I have a volunteer come and demonstrate?【生词摘录】1.videotape: v. to record a television programme, film etc ona videotape把（电视节目、电影等）录在录像（磁）带上2.vacuum: n.［C］a space that is completely empty of all gas, especiallyone from which all the air has been taken away 真空3.shade: n.［U］slight darkness or shelter from the direct light of the sunmade by something blocking it 荫，背阴处4.toasty: adj.AmE informal warm and comfortable【美，非正式】暖烘烘的，温暖舒适的5.Fahrenheit: n.［U］a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 32°and boils at 212°华氏温度6.marvel: n.［C］something or someone surprisingly useful or skillful, thatyou like and admire very much 十分有用（灵巧）的物（人）7.enlargement: n.［C］a photograph that has been printed again in alarger size 放大的照片8.life-size:又作life-sized，adj. a picture or model of something or someonethat is life-size is the same size as they are in real life 与实物（真人）大小一样的9.shuttle: n.［C］a spacecraft that can fly into space and return to Earth,10.m ission: n.［C］an important job done by a member of the airforce,army etc, especially an attack on the enemy 任务，使命11.t orso: n.［C］your body, not including your head, arms, or legs（头和四肢除外的）人体躯干12.durable: adj. staying in good condition for a long time even if used a lot耐用的13.i nsulation: n.［U］material used to insulate something, especially abuilding（尤指建筑物的）绝缘材料；the act of insulating something or the state of being insulated 隔绝14.e xtreme: n.［C］something that goes beyond normal limits, so that itseems very unusual and unacceptable 极端15.b ladder: n.［C］a bag of skin, leather, or rubber, for example inside afootball, that can be filled with air or liquid （可充气或充水的）囊；袋16.i nflatable: adj. an inflatable object has to be filled with air before you canuse it 须充气方可使用的，（需）充气的17.s ac: n.technical a part inside a plant or animal that is shaped like a bagand contains liquid or air 【术语】（动物或植物的）囊；液囊18.i nnermost: adj.formal furthest inside【正式】最里面的19.v entilation: n.［U］通风（ventilate: v. to let fresh air intoa room,building etc 使通风）20.h elmet: n.［C］a strong hard hat worn for protection by soldiers,motorcycle riders, the police etc 头盔，钢盔，安全帽21.demonstrate: v. to show or prove something clearly证明，论证，证实；toshow or describe how something works or is done 示范，演示；to march through the streets with a large group of people in order to publicly protest about something （为公开抗议某事）游行，示威；to show that you have a particular skill, quality, or ability 展示，表露出（某种技能、品质或能力）6Good evening. My name is Pam Jones, and on behalf of the Modern Dance club, I'd like to welcome you to tonight's program. The club is pleased to present the TV version of The Catherine Wheel, Twyla Tharp's rock ballet. This video version of the ballet has been even more successful with audiences than the original theater production. It includes some animation, slow motion, and stop-action freezes that really help the audience understand the dance. The title of the piece refers to Saint Catherine, who died on a wheel in 307 A.D. Nowadays, a Catherine wheel is also a kindof firework. It looks something like a pinwheel. Anyway, the dance is certainly full of fireworks! You'll see how Twyla Tharp explores one family's attempt to confront the violence in modern life. The central symbol of the work is a pineapple, but exactly what it represents has always created a lot of controversy. As you watch, see if you can figure it out. The music for this piece is full of the rhythmic energy of rock music. It was composed by David Byrne. Of the rock band Talking Heads? And the lead dancer in this version was Sara Rudner, who is perfectly suited to Tharp's adventurous choreography. Following the video, dance teacher Mary Parker will lead a discussion about the symbolism Ms. Tharp used. We hope you can stay for that. So, enjoy tonight's video and thank you for your support.【生词摘录】1.present: v. to give a performance in a theatre, cinema, etc, or broadcast aprogramme on television or radio 上演；演出；表演；播出（电视或广播节目）2.ballet: n.［C］a performance in which a special style of dancing andmusic tell a story without any speaking 芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞曲3.animation: n.［U］the process of making animated films动物片的制作4.wheel: n.［C］one of the round things under a car, bus, bicycle etc thatturn when it moves （汽车、公共汽车、自行车等的）车轮5.firework: n.［C usually plural］a small container filled with powder thatburns or explodes to produce coloured lights, noise, and smoke 烟火，烟花，焰火6.pinwheel: n.［C］a toy consisting of a stick with curved pieces of plasticat the end that turn around when they are blown 玩具风车（windmill, BrE）7.pineapple: n.［C,U］a large yellow-brown tropical fruit or its sweet juicyyellow flesh 菠萝，凤梨8.controversy: n.［C,U］a serious argument or disagreement, especially aboutsomething such as a plan or decision, that continues for a long time 争论；辩论；争议9.rhythmic:又作rhythmical, adj. having rhythm有节奏的10.a dventurous: adj.又作adventuresome,AmE【美】eager to go to newplaces and do exciting or dangerous things 喜欢冒险的，有冒险精神的；not afraid of taking risks or trying new things 敢作敢为的，大胆创新的a performance 编舞（艺术）；舞蹈设计12.s ymbolism: n.［U］the use of symbols to represent something象征主义（手法）In our lab today, we'll be testing the hypothesis that babies can count as early as five months of age. The six babies here are all less than six months old. You'll be watching them on closed circuit TV and measuring their responses. The experiment is based on the well-established observation that babies stare longer if they don't see what they expect to see. First, we're going to let two dolls move slowly in front of the babies. The babies will see the two dolls disappear behind a screen. Your job is to record, in seconds, how long the babies stare at the dolls when thescreen is removed. In the next stage, two dolls will again move in front of the babies and disappear. But then a third doll will follow. When the screen is removed, the babies will only see two dolls. If we're right, the babies will now stare longer because they expect three dolls but only see two. It seems remarkable to think that such young children can count. My own research has convinced me that they have this ability from birth. But whether they do or not, perhaps we should raise another question. Should we take advantage of this ability by teaching children mathematics at such a young age? They have great untapped potential, but is it good for parents to pressure young children?【生词摘录】1.hypothesis: n.plural hypotheses,［C］an idea that is suggested as apossible way of explaining a situation, proving an idea etc, which has not yet been shown to be true 假设，假说2.closed circuit television (TV): a system in which cameras send picturesto television sets that is used in many public buildings to protect them from crime 闭路电视3.well-established: adj. established for a long time and respected历史悠久且享有盛誉的4.untapped: adj. an untapped resource, market etc has not yet been used（资源、市场等）未开发的；未利用的Before starting our tour of Monticello, I'd like to give you some historical facts that might help you appreciate what you see today even more. Monticello was the very much loved home of Thomas Jefferson for over fifty years. Jefferson, who was, ofcourse, President, was also a great reader and language enthusiast. He read widely on different subjects, including architecture. He wasn't formally trained in architecture, but as a result of his study and observation of other buildings, he was able to help design and build the house. He chose the site himself, naming the estate "Monticello," which means "little mountain" in Italian. In fact, many of the ideas behind the design also came from the Italian architect Andrea Palladio, who lived in the sixteenth century and who had a great influence on the architecture of England. Jefferson, however, ignored one of Palladio's principles, that is, not to build in a high place. Monticello's elevation made the transportation of what was needed at the house—for example, food—especially difficult. But the view from the estate would not be as spectacular if Jefferson had followed Palladio's advice; there really is no boundary between the house and the nature around it, and so Jefferson was able to look out on his beloved state of Virginia from his wonderful vantage point. Now we'll go on to Jefferson's library.【生词摘录】1.Monticello:蒙提切娄2.appreciate: v. to understand how good or useful someone or something is欣赏，赏识，鉴赏3.enthusiast: n.［C］someone who is very interested in a particularactivity or subject 热衷于…的人4.estate: n.［C］a large area of land in the country, usually with one largehouse on it and one owner （在乡村附有宅地的）一大片私有土地，庄园5.elevation: n.［singular］a height above the level of the sea 海拔6.spectacular: adj. very impressive and exciting壮观的，精彩的，引人注目的7.vantage point: a good position from which you can see something（能观察某物的）有利位置Now that we've all introduced ourselves to the new members, let's get down to work. As the committee in charge of this year's tree-planting project, we have several items on our agenda. First, we have to review the budget. The president has informed me that the trustees have set aside $3,000 for the purchase of trees and our environmental T-shirt sale netted a profit of $1,500. Second, we have to finalize the choice of trees. As you know, we're working with Richardson's Nursery again this year since everyone seemed pleased with the work he did for us last year. Mr. Richardson has presented us with several choices within our price range that he thinks would meet our needs. He's sent us pictures of the trees for us to look at, but he wanted me to tell you that we're welcome to visit the nursery if we want to see the trees themselves. Lastly, we need to plan some kind of ceremony to commemorate the planting. Several ideas, including a garden party of some sort, have been suggested. So let's get on with it and turn to the first order of business.【生词摘录】1.item: n.［C］a single thing, especially part of a list, group, or set（尤指清单上、一群或一组事物中的）一项；一件；一条2.trustee: n.［C］a member of a group that controls the money of acompany,college, or other organization（公司、学院等的）理事，董事会成员/doc/0b6916605.html,: v.especially AmE to earn a particular amount of money as a profit after tax has been paid 【尤美】获得净收入，净赚4.finalize: v. to finish the last part of a plan, business deal etc 使（计划、交易等）确定，最后定下5.nursery: n.［C］a place where plants and trees are grown and sold苗圃（garden center,BrE）Welcome to the Four Winds Historical Farm, where traditions of the past are preserved for visitors like you. Today, our master thatchers will begin giving this barn behind me a sturdy thatched roof, able to withstand heavy winds and last up to a hundred years. How do they do it? Well, in a nutshell, thatching involves covering the beams or rafters, the wooden skeleton of a roof with reeds or straw. Our thatchers here have harvested their own natural materials for the job, the bundles of water reeds you see lying over there beside the barn. Thatching is certainly uncommon in the Untied States today. I guess that's why so many of you have come to see this demonstration. But it wasn't always that way. In the seventeenth century, the colonists here thatched their roofs with reeds and straw, just as they had done in England. After a while, though, they began to replace the thatch with wooden shingles because wood was so plentiful. And eventually, other roofing materials like stone, slate, and clay tiles came into use. It's a real shame that most people today don't realize how strong and long lasting a thatched roof is. In Ireland, where thatching is still practiced, the roofs can survive winds of up to one hundred ten miles per hour. That's because straw and reedsare so flexible. They bend but don't break in the wind like other materials can. Another advantage is that the roofs keep the house cool in the summer and warm in the winter. And then, of course, there's the roofs' longevity—the average is sixty years, but they can last up to a hundred. With all these reasons to start thatching roofs again, wouldn't it be wonderful to see this disappearing craft return to popularity?【生词摘录】1.thatcher: n.［C］someone skilled in making a roof from plant stalks orfoliage 盖屋顶者2.barn: n.［C］a large farm building for storing crops, or for keepinganimals in 谷仓，粮秣房，仓库，牲口棚；informal a large, plain building 【非正式】空荡荡的大房子3.withstand: v. to be strong enough to remain unharmed by something such asgreat heat or cold, great pressure etc 耐得住，承受住（酷热、严寒、高压等）4.in a nutshell:spoken used when you are stating the main facts aboutsomething in a short, clear way 【口】一言以蔽之，简括地说，用一句话概括5.beam: n.［C］a long heavy piece of wood or metal used in buildinghouses,bridges etc 梁，横梁6.rafter: n.［C usually plural］one of the large sloping pieces of wood thatform the structure of a roof 椽7.skeleton: n.［C］the most important parts of something, towhich moredetail can be added later 骨架，框架；梗概，纲要8.reed: n.［C］a type of tall plant like grass that grows in wet places芦苇9.straw: n.［U］the dried stems of wheat or similar plants that are used for（如麦秆等）10.c olonist: n.［C］someone who settles in a new colony开拓殖民地的居民，拓殖者11.s hingle: n.［C］one of many small thin pieces of building materials,especially wood, used to cover a roof or wall（覆盖屋顶或墙用的）木瓦；屋面板；墙面板12.slate: n.［U］a dark grey rock that can easily be split into flat thin pieces板岩，板石13.clay: n.［U］heavy sticky soil that can be used for making pots, bricks etc黏土14.t ile: n.［C］a flat square piece of baked clay or other material, used forcovering roofs, floors etc（屋顶、地板等上用的）瓷砖，地砖15.l ongevity: n.［U］formal long life【正式】长寿；technical the length of aperson or anima l’s life【术语】（人或动物的）寿命A lot of people in the United States are coffee drinkers. Over the last few years, a trend has been developing to introduce premium, specially blended coffees, known as "gourmet coffees" into the American market. Boston seems to have been thebirthplace of this trend. In fact, major gourmet coffee merchants from other cities like Seattle and San Francisco came to Boston, where today they're engaged in a kind of "coffee war" with Boston's merchants. They are all competing for a significant share of the gourmet coffee market. Surprisingly, the competition among these leading gourmet coffee businesses will not hurt any of them. Experts predict that the gourmet coffee market in the United States is growing and will continue to grow, to the point that gourmet coffee will soon capture half of what is now a 1.5-million-dollar market and will be an 8-million-dollar market by 1999. Studies have shown that coffee drinkers who convert to gourmet coffee seldom go back to the regular brands found in supermarkets. As a result, these brands will be the real losers in the gourmet coffee competition.【生词摘录】1.premium: adj. of high quality高级的，优质的2.blended: adj. combined or mixed together so that the constituent partsare indistinguishable 混合的3.gourmet: n.［C］someone who knows a lot about food and wine andwho enjoys good food and wine 美食家4.birthplace: n.［C usually singular］the place where someone was born,especially someone famous （尤指名人的）出生地；the place where something first started to happen or exist 发源地，发祥地You may remember that a few weeks ago we discussed the question of what photography is. Is it art, or is it a method of reproducing images? Do photographs belong in museums or just in our homes? Today I want to talk about a person who tried tomake his professional life an answer to such questions. Alfred Stieglitz went from the United States to Germany to study engineering. While he was there, he became interested in photography and began to experiment with his camera. He took pictures under conditions that most photographers considered too difficult. He took them at night, in the rain, and of people and objects reflected in windows. When he returned to the United States he continued these revolutionary efforts. Stieglitz was the first person to photograph skyscrapers, clouds, and views from an airplane. What Stieglitz was trying to do in these photographs was what he tried to do throughout his life: make photography an art. He felt that photography could be just as good a form of self-expression as painting or drawing. For Stieglitz, his camera was his brush. While many photographers of the late 1800's and early 1900's thought of their work as a reproduction of identical images, Stieglitz saw his as a creative art form. He understood the power of the camera to capture the moment. In fact, he never retouched his prints or made copies of them. If he were in this classroom today, I'm sure he'd say, "Well, painters don't normally make extra copies of their paintings, do they?" 【生词摘录】1.experiment: v. to try various ideas, methods etc to see whether they willwork or what effect they will have 试验；试用2.skyscraper: n.［C］a very tall modern city building摩天大楼3.identical: adj. exactly the same完全相同的［+to］4.capture: v. to succeed in showing or describing a situation or feelingusing words or pictures（用语言或图片）记录下5.retouch: v. to improve a picture or photograph by painting。
TOEFL老托福听力PartC原文精选5篇
TOEFL老托福听力PartC原文精选5篇老托福听力PartC原文1At last month's meeting you asked me to draw up a report about the possibility of keeping the student center open twenty-four hours a day.在上个月的会议上你们要求我起草一个报告，关于保持学生中心每天24小时开放的可能性。
I decided that the best way to assess the need for expanded hours was to talk to the people who were still in the student center at closing time.我判断评估增加小时数的需求的最好方法是与在关闭时间依然在学生中心里面的人谈谈。
First, over the course of the two weeks, I interviewed more than fifty students as they left the student center at its regular closing time of twelve midnight.首先，在过去两周的进程中，我面谈了超过五十名同学，当他们在通常的午夜12点的关闭时间离开学生中心时。
About eighty percent of them said they would prefer that the center stay open later.他们中的大约百分之八十说，他们更喜欢中心保持开放更晚些。
Of the three main uses of the center—eating in the snack bar, recreation in the game room or watching TV, and studying by far the most popular late night activity is—and this may surprise you—studying.中心的三大用途——在快餐部吃东西，在娱乐室消遣或看电视，以及学习，目前为止最普遍的深夜活动是——这也许会让你们很惊讶——学习。
老托听力文本
2001年1月试题Section One: Listening Comprehension1. (A) He can have more than four guests at hisgraduation.(B) His brother isn’t going to graduate thissemester.(C) He didn’t know that Jane wanted to beinvited.(D) He’s going to invite Jane.2. (A) Listen to the traffic report on the radio(B) Take a later train.(C) Ron to catch the next train.(D) Check the weekend schedule.3. (A) Pelivet the notebook to Kathy.(B) Pind out where Kathy put the notebook.(C) Ask Kathy to explain the chemistry notes.(D) Ask Kathy for the man’s notebook.4. (A) The walk is shorter than the woman thinks itis.(B) The lecture has already started.(C) They won’t have a problem getting seats.(D) The lecture may be canceled.5. (A) The woman should have studied French inParis.(B) He didn’t study French in high school.(C) Living in Paris helped improve the woman’s language skills.(D) The woman must have had a good French teacher.6. (A) Apologize to his roommate.(B) Give the notes to the woman.(C) Call the woman tonight.(D) Take the woman’s notes to his roommate. 7. (A) She doesn’t have time to talk to Dr. Foster.(B) She needs the additional time to finish her paper.(C) Dr. Foster hasn’t finished grading thepapers.(D) She wants the man to help her with herpaper.8. (A) Phone the Cliffside Inn for a reservation.(B) Ask her parents to come a differentweekend.(C) Call local hotels again in a few days.(D) Find a hotel again in a few days.9. (A) Main her some information about theconference.(B) Drive her to the conference.(C) Attend the conference in her place.(D) Collect her main while she’s at theconference.10. (A)The man should stop by the bookstore onthe way to class.(B) The man can return the books he doesn’tneed.(C) The man should have bought his booksearlier.(D) The man won’t need books on the first dayof class.11. (A) Help the man with his essay.(B) Ask Sue to rehearse with her.(C) Wait to rehearse until the man has finishedhis essay.(D) Meinerize her lines by herself.第 1 页共 17 页12. (A) Show her the newspaper that he’s talkingabout.(B) Think about getting an internship atanother place.(C) Sign up for more than one journalism class.(D) Call T he Times about the internship.13. (A)He isn’t as good a tennis player as he usedto be.(B) He hasn’t had time to play tennis recently.(C) He caught a cold shortly after thetournament.(D) He think he’s more important than he is.14. (A)He’ll graduate before the woman.(B) He hopes to graduate before the summer.(C) He doesn’t want to attend schoolyear-round.(D) The woman won’t be able to keep up thepace.15. (A) It’s too late to buy the morning newspaper.(B) He doesn’t want to go to the concert.(C) The box office is closed today.(D) All of the tickets have been sold.16. (A) The woman swims as well as he does.(B) He doesn’t have time to teach the womanto swim.(C) He doesn’t enjoy swimming.(D) He learned to swim at a young age.17. (A) She has already started working on herresearch project.(B) She can’t decide on a research topic.(C) She’d like to discuss her research with theman.(D) She has to change the subject of herresearch.18. (A) Introduce the woman to his neighbor.(B) Get a key from his neighbor.(C) Study in his neighbor’s apartment.(D) Borrow some books from his neighbor.19. (A) The man shouldn’t hire the same tutor thatshe had.(B) She isn’t prepared for the midterm exameither.(C) It’s too late to find a tutor.(D) The man should hire a tutor before themidterm exam20. (A) Stay in the hotel for at least two nights.(B) Leave the hotel the next morning.(C) Ask the hotel clerk for her room key.(D) Complain to the manager about the extracharges.21. (A) He doesn’t recommend going to CentralMountain.(B) He doesn’t plan to go skiing during springbreak.(C) He has never been to Central Mountain.(D) He isn’t an experienced skier.22. (A) She knows who the top history student is.(B) She hasn’t read the campus newspapertoday.(C) The man is mistaken.(D) It’s surprising that her roommate likeshistory.23. (A) He’s not qualified to proofread thewoman’s report.(B) He’ll be able to talk to the woman in a fewminutes.(C) He hadn’t noticed a lot of the woman’smistakes.(D) He thinks the woman should have askedhim sooner.24. (A) Practice her presentation in front of him.(B) Find out who her audience will betomorrow.第 2 页共 17 页(C) Try not to think about her audience.(D) Watch him make his presentation.25. (A) She’s also curious about who won thegame.(B) She didn’t go to the game.(C) She was sitting right behind the man at thegame.(D) She also left the game early.26. (A) Make a shopping list.(B) Buy some groceries.(C) Finish making the salad.(D) Wait for the woman to return.27. (A) He finds the dictionary very useful.(B) He knows where the woman put thedictionary.(C) he doesn’t expect the woman to replace thedictionary.(D) The woman should buy her own dictionary.28. (A) She plans to miss soccer practice.(B) She’ll arrive at the party after(C) Soccer practice will end later than usual.(D) She’ll go to soccer practice after the party.29. (A) Dr. Smith told her something important.(B) Dr. Smith didn’t understand what she said.(C) She wanted to protect Dr. Smith’s feelings.(D) She didn’t intend to say what she said.30. (A) He sells paint supplies.(B) He plans to take an art class with thewoman.(C) He works as an artist.(D)He works in an art museum.31. (A) The cost of meals in the cafeteria.(B) The size of the cafeteria.(C) Career opportunities in cafeterias.(D) The food served in the cafeteria. 32. (A) Giving advice on nutrition.(B) Cooking food for the students.(C) Listening to complaints about service.(D) Serving food to the students.33. (A) Find other students who will work in thecafeteria.(B) Collect students’ opinions about meals.(C) As students to try a new dish he has made.(D) Teach students about the disadvantages of frying food.34. (A) Stop serving hamburgers and friedchicken.(B) Use less sauce on the food.(C) Make some of the meals less fattening.(D) Buy less expensive food.35. (A) Somewhat curious.(B) Very skeptical.(C) Quite irritated.(D) Not at all interested.36. (A) That he’ll be performing in a concert.(B) That he had a conversation with thedirector of a choir.(C) That he heard a new musical composition by Barbara Johnson.(D) That he’s been translating some Latinpoems for a class.37. (A) They’re members of the Latin club oncampus.(B) They work as editors.(C) They attended the same concert.(D) Music is their major field of study.38. (A) She was upset.(B) She was confused.(C) She was amused.(D) She was grateful.第 3 页共 17 页39. (A) Some photographs that he took of herduring the concert.(B) A tape recording that he made of theconcert.(C) A review of the concert that he wrote for the campus paper.(D) The corrected text from the program of theconcert.40. (A) The skills cowboys learned on the range.(B) The evolution of rodeos.(C) The recent decline in the popularity ofrodeos.(D) The growth of the cattle industry.41. (A) They were small informal events.(B) Competitors were awarded large prizes.(C) Large audiences attended them.(D) There were standard rules for judgingevents.42. (A) It is the only traveling rodeo.(B) it is the largest agricultural fair.(C) It is the oldest annual rodeo.(D) It was the first rodeo to charge admission.43. (A) How animals react to frighteningsituations.(B) Why mice are particularly fearful animals.(C) Whether fearfulness is a genetic trait.(D) Why certain animals are feared by humans.44. (A) They fought with the other mice.(B) They stayed close to their mothers.(C) They ran back and forth constantly.(D) They remained close to one wall.45. (A) The extent of damage to the nervoussystem.(B) The presence or absence of certainnerve-cell receptors.(C) The size of nerve-cell receptors in thebrain.(D) The level of danger in the mammal’senvironment.46. (A) To show the relationship betweenfearfulness and environment.(B) To give examples of animals that aren’tfearful.(C) To compare fear in mammals to fear inother animals.(D) To identify the nerves that control fear in certain animals.47. (A) Why water flows from artesian springs.(B) How artesian wells are drilled.(C) Why artesian springs are important togeologic research.(D) How aquifers are formed.48. (A)They pump water from the aquifer.(B) They purify the water in the aquifer.(C) They store excess water from the aquifer.(D) They trap water in the aquifer.49. (A)By eroding layers of sediment above it.(B) By traveling through cracks in layers ofrock.(C) By reversing its flow down the aquicludes.(D) By boiling up through pores in the aquifer.50. (A) It pushes the water upward.(B) It keeps the water cool.(C) It holds the water underground.(D) It creates holes in the aquiclude.第 4 页共 17 页Section Two: Structure and Written Expression1. A three-foot octopus can crawl through a hole ------ in diameter.(A) than one inch less(B) less than one inch(C) one less inch than(D) tan less one inch2. ------adopted the decimal system of coinage in 1867.(A) Canada(B) When Canada(C) Canada, which(D) There was Canada3. Generally, the representatives ------ a legislature are constitutionally elected by a broad spectrum of the population.(A) who they compose(B) who compose(C) ad compose(D) compose4. The Actor’s Studio, a professional actors’ workshop in New York City, provides------where actors can work together without the pressure of commercial production.(A) a place and(B) a place(C) so that a place(D) a place is5. ------ that life began billions of years ago in thewater.(A) It is believed(B) In the belief(C) The belief(D) Believing6. by 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges, ------ astonishing expansion credited largely to the Morrill Act of 1862.(A) because(B) an(C) to which(D) was7. The artist Romare Bcarden was ------ whose yellows, deep blues, and fuchsias contrasted strongly with photographic gray in his brightcollages.(A) with a gift for color(B) a gifted colorist(C) a gift with colorful(D) gifted with coloring8. The most important chemical catalyst on thisplanet is chlorophyll, -------carbon dioxide and water react to form carbohydrates.(A) whose presence(B) which is present(C) presenting(D) in the presence of which9. One theory of the origin of the universe is-------from the explosion of a tiny, extremely dense fireball several billion years ago.(A) because what formed(B) the formation that(C) that it formed(D) when forming10. Roads in the United States remained crude,------- with graved or wood planks, until thebeginning of the twentieth century.(A) were unsurefaced or they covered them(B) which unsureface or covered(C) unsurfaced or covered them(D) unsurfaced or covered第 5 页共 17 页11. portrait prints were the first reproductions ofAmerican paintings ------- widely distributed in the United States.(A) were(B) that which(C) that being(D) to be12. Abigail Adams was prodigious letter writer,------- many editions of her letters have been published.(A) who(B) and(C) in addition to(D) due to13. In geometry, an ellipse may be defined asthe locus of all points -------distances fromtwo fixed points is constant.(A) which as the sum of(B) of the sum which(C) whose sum of whose(D) whose sum that the 14. -------at the site of a fort established by theNorthwest Mounted Police, Calgary is now one of Canada’s fastest growing cities.(A) Built(B) It is built(C) To build(D) Having built15. An image on a national flag can symbolizepolitical ideals that -------express.(A) take many words to otherwise would.(B) would take to many otherwise words(C) many words to take would otherwise(D) would otherwise take many words to16. A variation of collodion photography was the tintype, which captured images on a black or darkA B Cbrown metal plate instead from on glass.D17. In cases of minor injury to the brain. Amnesia is likely to be a temporarily condition.A B C D18. The system of chemical symbols, first devised about 1800. gives a concise and instantly recognizableA Bdescription of a element or compound.C D19. The fact that white light is light composed of various wavelengths may be demonstrating byA B Cdispersing a beam of such light through a prism.D20. Over the course of history, much civilizations developed their own number systems.A B C D21. In the United States during the Second World War, each trade unions and employers avoided federalA Blimits on wages by offering employees nontaxable medical benefits.C D22. Philosophy is the study of the nature of reality, knowledge, existent, and ethics by means of rationalA B C Dinquiry.23. Poems vary in length from brief lyric poems to narrative or epic poems, which can be as broad inA B C第 6 页共 17 页scope than a novel.D24. The population of California more than doubled during the period 1940-1960, creating problems inA Broad-building and provide water for its arid southern section.C D25. Although based it on feudal models, the colony of Pennsylvania developed a reputation for aA B Cprogressive political and social outlook.D26. Hard and resistant to corrosion, bronze is traditionally used in bell casting and is the material usedA Bwidely most for metal sculpture.C D27. The Appalachian Mountains formation a natural barrier between the eastern seaboard and the vastA Blowlands of the continental interior of North America.C D28. The United States census for 1970 showed that the French-speaking residents of Louisiana were oneA B Cof the country’s most compact regional linguistic minority.D29. When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils from become rancid when exposedA B Cto air, and thus extend their shelf life.D31. Copper was the first metallic used by humans and is second only to iron in its utility throughA B Cthe ages.D32. Despite the fact that lemurs are general nocturnal, the ring-tailed lemur travels by day in bands ofA B Cfour to twelve individuals.D33. The Western world is beset with the range of problem that characterize mature, postindustrialA B Csocieties.D34. Acrylic paints are either applied using a knife or diluted and spreading with a paintbrush.A B C D35. Some marine invertebrates, such as the sea urchin and the starfish, migrates from deep water toA Bshallow during spring and early summer to spawn.C D36. Marshes, wetland areas characterized by plant grassy growth, are distinguished from swamps,A B Cwetlands where trees grown.D37. Wampum, beads used as a form of exchange by some Native Americans, was made of bits ofA B Cseashells cut, drill, and strung into belts.C38. Kangaroos use their long and powerful tails for balance themselves when sitting upright orA B C Djumping.39. Proper city planning provides for the distribution of public utilities, public buildings, parks, andA Brecreation centers, and for adequate and the inexpensive housing.C D40. Most traditional dances are made up of a prearranged series of steps and movements, but modernA Bdancers are generally free to move as they choice.C D第 7 页共 17 页Section Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 1-9In 1972, a century after the first national park in the United States was established at Yellowstone, legislation was passed to create the National Marine Sanctuaries Program.The intent of this legislation was to provide protection to selected coastal habitats similar To that existing for land areas designated as national parks. The designation of an areas 5) a marine sanctuary indicates that it is a protected area, just as a national park is. Peopleare permitted to visit and observe there, but living organisms and their environments may not be harmed or removed.The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a branch of the United States Department of Commerce.10) Initially, 70 sites were proposed as candidates for sanctuary status. Two and a half decadeslater, only fifteen sanctuaries had been designated, with half of these established after1978. They range in size from the very small (less than I square kilometer) Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary in American Samoa to the Monterey Bay National MarineSanctuary in California, extending over 15,744 square kilometers.15) The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is a crucial part of new managementpractices in which whole communities of species, and not just individual species, areoffered some degree of protection from habitat degradation and overexploitation. Only in this way can a reasonable degree of marine species diversity be maintained in a setting that also maintains the natural interrelationships that exist among these species.20) Several other types of marine protected areas exist in the United States and othercountries. The National Estuarine Research Reserve System, managed by the UnitedStates government, includes 23 designated and protected estuaries. Outside the United States, marine protected-area programs exist as marine parks, reserves, and preserves.Over 100 designated areas exist around the periphery of the Carbbean Sea. Others range 25) from the well-known Australian Great Barrer Reef Marine Park to lesser-known parksin countries such as Thailand and Indonesia, where tourism is placing growing pressures on fragile coral reef systems. As state, national, and international agencies come torecognize the importance of conserving marine biodiversity, marine projected areas.whether as sanctuaries, parks, or estuarine reserves, will play an increasingly important role in preserving that diversity.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Differences among marine parks,sanctuaries, and reserves(B) Various marine conservation programs(C) International agreements on coastalprotection(D) Similarities between land and sea protected environments2. The word “intent” in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) repetition(B) approval(C) goal(D) revision第 8 页共 17 页3. The word “administered” in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) managed(B) recognized(C) opposed(D) justified4. The word “these” in line 11 refers to(A) sites(B) candidates(C) decades(D) sanctuaries5. The passage mentions the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (lines 13-14) as an example of a sanctuary that(A) is not well know(B) covers a large area(C) is smaller than the Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary(D) was not originally proposed for sanctuarystatus6. According to the passage, when was the National Marine Sanctuaries Programestablished?(A) Before 1972(B) After 1987(C) One hundred years before national parks were established(D) One hundred years after YellowstoneNational Park was established 7. According to the passage, all of the following are achievements of the National MarineSanctuaries Program EXCEPT(A) the discovery of several new marineorganisms(B) the preservation of connections betweenindividual marine species(C) the protection of coastal habitats(D) the establishment of areas where the public can observe marine life8. The word “periphery” in line 24 is closest inmeaning to(A) depth(B) landmass(C) warm habitat(D) outer edge9. The passage mentions which of the following asa threat to marine areas outside the UnitedStates?(A) Limitations in financial support(B) The use of marine species as food(C) Variability of the climate(D) Increases in tourismQuestions 10-17From their inception, most rural neighborhoods in colonial North America included at least one carpenter, joiner, sawyer, and cooper in woodworking; a weaver and a tailor for clothing production; a tanner, currier, and cordwainer (shoemaker) for fabricating leather objects; and a blacksmith for metalwork, Where stone was the local building material, a5) mason was sure to appear on the list of people who paid taxes. With only an apprentice asan assistant, the rural artisan provided the neighborhood with common goods from furniture to shoes to farm equipment in exchange for cash or for “goods in kind” from the customer’s第 9 页共 17 页field, pasture, or dairy. Sometimes artisans transformed material provided by the customer wove cloth of yam spun at the farm from the wool of the family sheep; made chairs or tables 10) from wood cut in the customer’s own woodlot; produced shoes or leather breeches fromcow, deer, or sheepskin tanned on the farm.Like their farming neighbors, rural artisans were part of an economy seen, by one historian, as “an orchestra conducted by nature.” Some tasks could not be done in the winter, other had to be put off during harvest time, and still others waited on raw materials that were 15) only produced seasonally. As the days grew shorter, shop hours kept pace, since few artisanscould afford enough artificial light to continue work when the Sun went down. To the best of their ability, colonial artisans tried to keep their shops as efficient as possible and toregularize their schedules and methods of production for the best return on their investment in time, tools, and materials, While it is pleasant to imagine a woodworker, for example, 20) carefully matching lumber, joining a chest together without resort to nails or glue, andapplying all thought and energy to carving beautiful designs on the finished piece, the time required was not justified unless the customer was willing to pay extra for the quality—and few in rural areas were, Artisans, therefore, often found it necessary to employ asmany shortcuts and economics as possible while still producing satisfactory products.10. What aspect of rural colonial North America does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Farming practices(B) The work of artisans(C) The character of rural neighborhoods(D) Types of furniture that were popular11. The word “inception” in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) investigation(B) location(C) beginning(D) records12. The word “fabricating” in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) constructing(B) altering(C) selecting(D) demonstrating13. It can be inferied from the from the passagethat the use of artificial light in colonial timeswas(A) especially helpful to woodworkers(B) popular in rural areas(C) continuous in winter(D) expensive14. Why did colonial artisans want to “regularizetheir schedules their schedules” (line 18)? (A) To enable them to produce high qualityproducts(B) To enable them to duplicate an item manytimes(C) To impress their customers(D) To keep expenses low15. The phrase “resort to” in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) protecting with(B) moving toward(C) manufacturing(D) using16. The word “few’ in lines 23 refers to第 10 页共 17 页(A) woodworkers(B) finished pieces(C) customers(D) chests17. It can inferred that the artisans referred to inthe passage usually produced products thatwere(A) simple(B) delicate(C) beautifully decorated(D) exceptionally long-lastingQuestions 18-28Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform. Some functions result directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry, but most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland (the region that supplies goods to thecity and to which the city furnishes services and other goods). Geographers often make 5) a distinction between the situation and the site of a city. Situation refers to the generalposition in relation to the surrounding region, whereas site involves physicalcharacteristics of the specific location. Situation is normally much more important tothe continuing prosperity of a city. if a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is much more likely to continue. Chicago, for example, possesses an almost 10) unparalleled situation: it is located at the southern end of a huge lake that forces east-westtransportation lines to be compressed into its vicinity, and at a meeting of significant land and water transport routes. It also overlooks what is one of the world’s finest largefarming regions. These factors ensured that Chicago would become a great city regardless of the disadvantageous characteristics of the available site, such as being prone to flooding 15) during thunderstorm activity.Similarly, it can be argued that much of New York City’s importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation. Philadephia and Boston both originated at about the same time as New York and shared New York’s location at the western end of one of the world’s most important oceanic trade routes, but only New York possesses an 20) easy-access functional connection (the Hudson-Mohawk lowland) to the vast Midwesternhinterland. This account does not alone explain New York’s primacy, but it does include several important factors. Among the many aspects of situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not, original location on a navigable waterway seemsparticularly applicable. Of course, such characteristic as slope, drainage, power25) resources, river crossings, coastal shapes, and other physical characteristics help todetermine city location, but such factors are normally more significant in early stagesof city development than later.第 11 页共 17 页18. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The development of trade routes throughUnited States cities(B) Contrasts in settlement patterns in UnitedStates(C) Historical differences among three largeUnited States cities(D) The importance of geographical situation in the growth of United States cities19. The word “ingenuity” in line 2. is closest inmeaning to(A) wealth(B) resourcefulness(C) traditions(D) organization20. The passage suggests that a geographer wouldconsider a city’s soil type part of its(A) hinterland(B) situation(C) site(D) function21. According to the passage, a city’s situation ismore important than its site in regard to thecity’s.(A) long-term growth and prosperity(B) ability to protect its citizenry(C) possession of favorable weather conditions(D) need to import food supplies22. The author mentions each of the following asan advantage of Chicago’s location EXCEPTits.(A) hinterland(B) nearness to a large lake(C) position in regard to transport routes(D) flat terrain23. The word “characteristics” in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) choices(B) attitudes(C) qualities(D) inhabitants24. The primary purpose of paragraph 1 is to(A) summarize past research and introduceanew study(B) describe a historical period(C) emphasize the advantages of one theory over another(D) define a term and illustrate it with anexample25. According to the passage, Philadelphia andBoston are similar to New York City in(A) size of population(B) age(C) site(D) availability of rail transportation26. The word “functional” in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) alternate(B) unknown(C) original(D) usable27. The word “it” in line 21 refers to(A) account(B) primacy(C) connection(D) hinterland28. The word “significant” in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) threatening(B) meaningful(C) obvious(D) available第 12 页共 17 页。
TOEFL托福IBT听力场景词汇简洁版
TOEFL IBT听力场景词汇对话场景词汇(Page1-9)●入学：enrollment 登记, 注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation n.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition, fee 费用placement test 开学测试excellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的below average 低于平均水平的，差的●结构及称谓: university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院school 学院dean 院长principal 中学校长professor 教授associate professor 副教授assistant professor 助理教授coordinator 班主任，协调人counselor 辅导员advisor 指导老师instructor 讲师tutor 辅导老师supervisor 管理人undergraduate 本科graduate 研究生●建筑物:canteen.餐厅cafeteria.自助餐厅administration building 行政大楼main building主楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂, 礼堂=lecture hall assembly n.集合,集会hall computer lab 计算实验室，机房dining hall 食堂选课/学科major 主修minor 副修science理科,arts文科,engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学●课程类型required、compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程●课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程Attend class 上课Miss class 缺课Skip class逃课Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与semester/term 学期quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要exemption 免修syllabus 教学大纲；课程表Professor’s signature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）,openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销●职位professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist 化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家作业assignment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork = studies 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言；演示；展示term paper 学期论文（research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview vt. n.采访collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲(roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调●考试mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for补考,resit, retake重考grade （mark 、score）分数●成绩perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和BB plus B加A minus A减pass the iexam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法●图书馆library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf n.书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部●科研HypothesisAlternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说Collect data收集数据Survey, questionnaire 调查；问卷调查Experiment实验Interfere, influence干扰；影响Observation 观察Analyze data 分析数据Interpret data 解读数据Analysis 分析Analytical 分析的，分析性的Subject 主体，研究对象Sample 样本Treatment group 实验组Control group 对照组●校内工作，课外活动Letter of reference/recommendation介绍信，推荐信Competitive 有竞争力的Benefit future career 对未来职业有益Field research 田野调查Collect data for papers 收集数据Waiter, waitress，Babysitter 服务生；保姆Qualification资格, qualified 合格的Resume, CV 个人简历financial aid经济援助Scholarship 奖学金Grant 助学金Teaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Loan 贷款Need-based以需求为基础的Merit-based 以优异表现为基础的Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部；社团Membership 成员资格Career service 职业规划服务●住宿accommodation n.住处, 膳宿residence hall宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village 村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的roommate同屋者,室友corridor n. 走廊,过道，lease n.租借, 租约landlord 房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant 房客patio n.露台sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartment 两室公寓house key 房锁匙pillow n.枕头bed linen n. 床上用品sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electric appliance(instrument; equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉range 煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer) 冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养●家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设●日常生活/问题:personal possessions/property/belongings 个人财产get insurance for personal possessions/property/belongsgarbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.入室盗窃者leaking/leakage n. 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇(Page10-31) Geology地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡Mud泥土, soil土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻Melt v.融化moltenGravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物Marble 大理石granite 花岗岩Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave 波动Volcano, volcanic 火山，火山的Volcanic eruption 火山喷发Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸(explosion) boom n.爆炸Blast n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库Latitude 纬度Redistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业Insurance 保险Note 注意Contract合约Verbal agreement口头协议Repay 偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label 标签Contention 所持观点Inform 告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and demand供求Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates 苏格拉底Plato 柏拉图Aristotle 亚里士多德Theme 主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Perceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense 感觉Soul 灵魂spiritElement 组成成分;元素Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational有理性的Contemplation 沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明, justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral 有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic 内部的Extrinsic 外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 削弱Diminish （影响力）减小Medieval 中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine教义,主义,学说Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停天文学astronomy constellation 星座zodiac （星象学的星座）planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷神星（the largest asteroid and the first discovered）White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space）Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体(rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen)Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Black hole 黑洞Celestial天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年(距离单位) Luminosity光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas天体图Solar corona日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区 表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.）Genre 艺术分类; 流派Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play话剧; 戏剧opera歌剧film 电影camera 照相机；摄影机camera shot 摄影镜头analytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈编排者；舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vividanthem 国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage 海市蜃楼prolific 多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation/pigment 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural 壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style建筑风格Art deco 装饰艺术Art moderne Geometric patterns 几何图形Arch 拱门Castle 城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing结构Lobby n. 大厅(entrance hall) Elevator n. 电梯Façade n. 正面Stairs 楼梯Interior 内部的Exterior 外部的Impressionistic style印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Renaissance 文艺复兴Medieval中世纪Byzantine architecture 527 (Sofia)-1520 拜占庭式建筑音乐Accompaniment 伴奏Audition 试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music古典音乐Concerto 协奏曲Lullaby 催眠曲Duet 二重奏Harmony 和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Serenade 小夜曲Solo 独奏Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music 民间音乐Prelude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score 乐谱Note 音符Notation 乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics 歌词Tempo 节奏Melody 主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune 旋律Conduct 指挥Violin 小提琴Viola 中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['krʌmhɔ:n]n. 变号(一种古双簧乐器)Harp 竖琴考古anthropologist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropologist 生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘Scoop铲子ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品pottery 陶器(potter) Porcelain瓷器fossil 化石relic 遗物，文物Rock painting 岩石画antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull 颅骨Cranial颅骨的Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的Exhume 挖掘Paleoanthropology 古人类学Prehistoric史前的Primitive原始的微生物Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biotical agency Calcium钙Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Fermentation 发酵Fungus 菌类Gene基因Genetic engineering 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe 微生物Nucleus 细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasitic animal 寄生动物Parasite disease 寄生虫病Parasitology 寄生虫学Pathogen 病菌，病原体Protozoa 原生动物Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast 酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria) 细菌algae海藻coral珊瑚rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物ape 猿chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla 大猩猩monkey n. 猴子mammal 哺乳类动物dinosaur n.恐龙bat (ecolotion) 蝙蝠（声波定位）snowshoe hare 雪兔子raccoon 浣熊polar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部;reptile 爬行类动物snake, cobra眼镜蛇, rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard蜥蜴,snail 蜗牛amphibian adj. 两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n. 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪toad 蟾蜍pond 池塘puddle 水坑insect n.昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly 苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grasshopper 蚱蜢honey bee蜜蜂monarch butterfly 大花蝶egg 卵larvae 幼虫caterpillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n. 白蚁marine adj. 海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark 鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅predator n. 捕食者prey n. 被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrimp 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab 螃蟹bird, humming bird artery 动脉scale 鳞片claw爪, paw爪子horn 角hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠hive 蜂巢pollen n. 花粉pollinate v.授粉hibernate 冬眠migrate v. 迁徙communicate v. 交流camouflage 伪装evolve 进化evolution n. 进化endotherm n.温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n. 冷血动物beak 鸟喙；鸟嘴enzymes 酶secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragrance scent smell) gland 腺体chromosome 染色体植物botany植物学botanist 植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel 月桂chestnut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae(pl. alga) 海藻organism 有机物birch tree (bark) 桦树crops 谷物corn 玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) 光合作用的photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用lichen 地衣,苔藓squash 南瓜bean 豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral 花的petal 花瓣bloom 开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss 苔藓herbicide 除草剂herb 草本植物herbivorous 食草的classification 分类hierarchy 社会等级; 等级制hazardous 有毒害的Meteorology 气象学meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层Convection 对流Stratosphere 同温层Barometer 气压计current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb 吸收dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 凝结; 冷凝crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩; 山体滑坡precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze 微风Blast 大风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风Cyclone 旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风Monsoon 季风Sandstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风Tropical depression热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel 漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v. 淹没drought 干旱Avalanche雪崩; 山体滑坡Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepid adj.微温的环境科学environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存pollute 污染v.pollution, 污染n.pollutant 污染物contaminant n.污染物contaminate v.污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学antiseptic adj.防腐的atmospheric pollution大气污染垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter 处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill),回收: recycle, reuse,Dump 倾倒(垃圾)；排放(污水)milk carton牛奶盒,tyre 轮胎aluminum cans铝罐,plastic bags, rubbish bags塑料袋;垃圾袋biodegradable packaging可降解包装, throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励none-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels化石燃料crude oil; oil 原油；石油natural gas 天然气coal 煤petroleum; gas 汽油limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源,replace=substitute v.取代wind power, hydropower水电,solar (lunar) power太阳能,nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约,water pollution 水污染air pollution 空气污染soil pollution土壤污染,noise pollution 噪声污染light pollution光污染soil erosion 土壤侵蚀; 水土流失soil pollution土壤污染stain n.污染，污点，玷污stink v.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical 有毒的化学物品fume n.烟，气味refuse废物sewage污水pesticide n.杀虫剂chemical waste化学废料congest v.使充满poaching非法打猎，盗猎,damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地, rare breed稀有物种,endangered species濒危物种,extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), animal rights activist动物权益保护者,natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物,preserve v.保护disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏,have disastrous effect on…对。
老托福听力PartC原文精选整合
老托福听力PartC原文精选整合为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理老托福听力PartC原文，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
老托福听力PartC原文1Current studies show that what goes on labels is an important consideration for manufacturers, since more than seventy percent of shoppers read food labels when considering whether to buy a product.最近的讨论表明，对制造商来说，印在标签上的东西是一项重要的考虑(内容)，由于超过百分之七十的购物者当考虑要不要买一个产品的时候会读食品标签。
A recent controversy as to whether labels on prepared foods should educate or merely inform the consumer is over, and a consumer group got its way.最近，一个关于预制食品上的标签是否教育还是仅仅告知消费者的争辩结束了，并且一个消费者群体最终得偿所愿。
The group had maintained that product labels should do more than simply list how many grams of nutrients a food contains.这个群体主见产品标签应当比仅仅列出一种食品包含了多少克养分物做的更多。
Their contention was that labels should also list the percentage of a days total nutrients that the product will supply to the consumer, because this information is essential in planning a healthy diet.他们的论点是标签应当也列出该产品将会供应消费者的一天的总养分物的百分比，由于这个信息在方案一个健康饮食上是必要的。
托福听力学科分类(完全修正版)(可编辑修改word版)
8
TPO 22 Lecture 2
Faint Young Sun Paradox
Astronomy
9
TPO 24 Lecture 4
Shield Volcanoes on Venus
Astronomy
10
TPO 26 Lecture 3
The Orbits of Comets
Astronomy
ArtHistory
11
TPO 21 Lecture 4
Alice Neel (Artist)
Art History
12
TPO 33 Lecture 4
Renaissance Gardens
ArtHistory
13
TPO 34 Lecture 1
Dada
ArtHistory
14
TPO 15 Lecture 3
Nightcap Oak
Botany
20
TPO 34 Lecture 3
Relationship between Plant and its
Pollinator
Botany
21
TPO 28 Lecture
Plants’ Photoreceptors
Botany
22
TPO 19 Lecture 3
Spartina
Animal & Enviornment
13
TPO 20 Lecture 4
Snowshoe Hare
Animal & Enviornment
14
TPO 07 Lecture 2
Bats' Use of Ultrasound
TOEFL老托福听力PartC原文精选
TOEFL老托福听力PartC原文精选老托福听力PartC原文Good evening. My name is Pam Jones, and on behalf of the Modern Dance club, I'd like to welcome you to tonight's program.晚上好，我的名字叫Pam Jones，代表现代舞俱乐部，我想欢迎大家来到今晚的节目。
The club is pleased to present the TV version of The Catherine Wheel, Twyla Tharp's rock ballet.本俱乐部很荣幸地介绍Catherine Wheel(凯萨琳车轮)的电视版，Twyla Tharp的摇滚芭蕾舞。
This video version of the ballet has been even more successful with audiences than the original theater production.这个芭蕾舞的视频版在观众中甚至已获得比原始的剧场作品更大的成功。
It includes some animation, slow motion, and stop-action freezes that really help the audience understand the dance.它包括了一些动画，慢动作，和静止动作等能真正帮助观众理解舞蹈。
The title of the piece refers to Saint Catherine, who died on a wheel in 307 A.D.这个作品的名字指的是Saint Catherine(圣凯瑟琳)，她于公元307年死于一个轮子上Nowadays, a Catherine wheel is also a kind of firework.现如今，Catherine Wheel也是一种烟火(转轮烟火)It looks something like a pinwheel.它看起来像某种转轮焰火。
托福TPO听力原文文本全集整理
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福TPO听力原文文本全集整理摘要：托福TPO听力原文文本全集整理!小编整理出了托福听力TPO的完整内容，涵盖了Conversation 1、Conversation 2、Lecture 1、Lecture 2、Lecture 3等文本及音频资料，同学们快来听一听吧!托福 TPO听力原文文本全集整理!小编整理出了托福听力 TPO的完整内容，涵盖了Conversation 1、Conversation 2、Lecture 1、Lecture 2、Lecture 3等文本及音频资料，同学们快来听一听吧!扫码获取托福TPO听力原文文本全集资料：TPO1Conversation 1Narrator：Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a librarian.Student：Hi, um…, I really hope you can help me.Librarian：That’s why I’m here. What can I do for you?Student：I’m supposed to do a literature review for my psychology course, but I’m… having a hard time fi nding articles. I don’t even know where to start looking.Librarian：You said this is for your psychology course, right? So your focus is on …Student： Dream Interpretation.Librarian：Well, you have a focus, so that’s already a good start. Hmmm… well, there’re a few things… oh wait… have you checked to see if your professor put any material for you to look at on reserve?Student：Aha, that’s one thing I did know to do. I just copied an article, but I still need three more on my topic from three different journals.Librarian：Let’s get you going on looking for those then. We have printed versions of twenty or so psychology journals in the Reference Section. These are ones published within the last year. Now that I th ink about it… there’s a journal named Sleep and Dreams.Student：Oh, yeah, the article I just copied is from that journal, so I’ve got to look in other sources.Librarian：Ok, actually, most of our materials are available electronically now. You can access psychology databases or electronic journals and articles through the library’s computers, and if you want to search by title with the word‘dream’ for example, just type it in and all the articles with ‘dream’ in the title will come up on the screen.Student：Cool, that’s great! Too bad I cannot do this from home.Librarian：But you can. All of the library’s databases and electronic sources can be accessed through any computer connected to the university network.Student：Really?! I can’t believe I didn’t know that. It still sounds like it’s going to take a while though, you know, going through all of that information, all of those sources.Librarian：Maybe, but you already narrowed your search down to arti cles on Dream Interpretation, so it shouldn’t be too bad. And you probably notice that there’s an abstract or summary at the top of the first page of the article you copied. When you go into the databases and electronic sources, you have the option to display the abstracts on the computer screen, skimming those to decide whether or not you want to read the whole article should cut down some time.Student：Right, abstracts! They’ll definitely make the project more doable. I guess I should try out the electronic search while I’m still here then, you know, just in case.Librarian：Sure, er… that computer’s free over there, and I’ll be here till five this afternoon.Student：Thanks, I feel a lot better about this assignment now.相关推荐:托福听力真题高频短语总结托福听力常见短句总结(20句)托福听力短语100句(精华)相关字搜索：托福TPO听力原文文本全集。