2017年旭晨考博英语专项训练写作
考博英语历年真题作文
考博英语历年真题作文Here's an example of a piece of writing that meets the given requirements for a potential doctoral entrance exam essay in English:I remember the first time I stepped into a university lecture hall. The buzz of conversation was overwhelming, but it also felt exciting. I knew this was the start of a new journey, full of challenges and opportunities.Studying for a PhD is like embarking on a long and winding path. Sometimes, the path is clear and straight, but more often than not, it's filled with twists and turns. You have to be patient, resilient, and always ready to adapt.I love the intellectual rigor of research. Digging deep into a subject, uncovering new insights, and contributing to the collective knowledge of our field is incredibly rewarding. It's what drives me to keep going, even when thejourney gets tough.But it's not just about the research. It's about the community too. Collaborating with other scholars, sharing ideas, and learning from their experiences is an invaluable part of the PhD experience. I've made some great friends and mentors along the way.Looking ahead, I'm excited about what the future holds.I know there.。
2017年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题
2017年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题2017年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题Part I Listening Comprehension(30%)略Part II Vocabulary(10%)Section ADirections:In this section,all the sentences are incomplete.Four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D are given beneath each of them.You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence,then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.Chronic high-dose intake of vitamin A has been shown to have____effects on bones.A.adverseB.prevalentC.instantD.purposeful32.Drinking more water is good for the rest of your body,helping to lubricate joints and___toxinsand impurities.A.screen outB.knock outC.flush outD.rule out33.Rheumatologist advises that those with ongoing aches and pains first seek medical helpto____the problem.A.affiliateB.alleviateC.aggravateD.accelerate34.Generally,vaccine makers_____the virus in fertilized chicken eggs in a process that can takefour to six months.A.penetrateB.designateC.generateD.exaggerate35.Danish research shows that the increase in obese people in Denmark is roughly____to theincrease of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.A.equivalentB.temporaryC.permanentD.relevant36.Ted was felled by a massive stroke that affected his balance and left him barely able tospeak____.A.bluntlyB.intelligiblyC.reluctantlyD.ironically37.In a technology-intensive enterprise,computers____all processes of the production andmanagement.A.dominateB.overwhelmC.substituteD.imitate38.Although most dreams apparently happen____,dream activity may be provoked by externalinfluences.A.homogeneouslyB.instantaneouslyC.spontaneouslyD.simultaneously39.We are much quicker to respond,and we respond far too quickly by giving____to our anger.A.ventB.impulseC.temperD.offence40.By maintaining a strong family_____,they are also maintaining the infrastructure of society.A.biasB.honorC.estateD.bondSection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence.Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.rm the manager if you are on medication that makes you drowsy.A.uneasyB.sleepyC.guiltyD.fiery42.Diabetes is one of the most prevalent and potentially dangerous diseases in the world.A.crucialB.virulentC.colossalD.widespread43.Likewise,soot and smoke from fire contain a multitude of carcinogens.A.a matter ofB.a body ofC.plenty ofD.sort of44.Many questions about estrogen’s effects remain to be elucidated,and investigations areseeking answers through ongoing laboratory and clinical studies.A.implicatedB.impliedC.illuminatedD.initiated45.A network chatting is a limp substitute for meeting friends over coffee.A.accomplishmentB.refreshmentplementD.replacement46.When patients spend extended periods in hospital,they tend to become overly dependent andlose interest in taking care of themselves.A.extremelyB.exclusivelyC.exactlyD.explicitly47.Attempts to restrict parking in the city centre have further aggravated the problem of trafficcongestion.A.AmelioratedB.aggregatedC.deterioratedD.duplicated48.It was reported that bacteria contaminated up to80%of domestic retail raw chicken in theUnited States.A.inflamedB.inflictedC.infectedD.infiltrated49.Researchers recently ran the numbers on gun violence in the United States and reported thatright-to-carry-gun laws do not inhibit violent crime.A.curbB.induceC.lessenD.impel50.Regardless of our uneasiness about stereotypes,numerous studies have shown clear differencebetween Chinese and western parenting.A.specificationsB.sensationsC.conventionsD.conservations PartⅢCloze(10%)Directions:In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks.For each blank,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.It was the kind of research that gave insight into how flu strains could mutate so quickly.The same branch of research concluded in2005that the1918flu started in birds before passing to humans.Parsing this animal-human51could provide clues to52the next potential super flu,whichalready has a name:H5N1,also known as avian flu or bird flu.This potential killer also has a number:59%.According to the WHO,nearly three-fifths of the people who53H5NI since2003died from the virus,which was first reported54humans in Hong Kong in1997before a more serious55occurred in Southeast Asia between2003and2004.(It has since spread to Africa and Europe.)Some researchers argue that those mortality numbers are exaggerated because WHO only56cases in which victims are sick enough to go to the hospitals for treatment.57,compare that to the worldwide mortality rate of the1918pandemic;it may have killed roughly50million people,but that was only10%of the number of people infected,according to a2006estimate.H5NI’s saving grace—and the only reason we’re not running around masked up in public right now—is that the strain doesn’t jump from birds to humans,or from humans to humans,easily. There have been just over600cases(and359deaths)since2003.But58its lethality,and the chance it could turn into something far more transmissible,one might expect H5NI research to be exploding,with labs59the virus’s molecular components to understand how it spreads between animals and60to humans,and hoping to discover a vaccine that could head off a pandemic.51.A.rejection B.interface plement D.contamination52.A.be stopped B.stopping C.being stopped D.having stopped53.A.mutated B.effected C.infected D.contracted54.A.in B.on C.with D.from55.A.trigger unch C.outbreak D.outcome56.A.counts B.amounts to C.accounts for D.accumulates57.A.Thereafter B.Thereby C.Furthermore D.Still58.A.given B.regarding C.in spite of D.speaking of59.A.parses B.parsed C.parsing D.to parse60.A.potently B.absolutely C.potentially D.importantlyPart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Directions:In this part,there are six passages,each of which is followed by five questions.For each question,there are four possible answers marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneIf you are reading this article,antibiotics have probably saved your life—and not once but several times.A rotten tooth,a knee operation,a brush with pneumonia;any number of minor infections that never turned nasty.You may not remember taking the pills,so unremarkable have these one-time wonder drugs become.Modern medicine relies on antibiotics—not just to cure diseases,but to augment the success of surgery,childbirth and cancer treatments.Yet now health authorities are warning,in uncharacteristically apocalyptic terms,that the era of antibiotics is about to end.In some ways,bacteria are continually evolving to resist the drugs.But in the past we’ve always developed new ones that killed them again.Not this time.Infections that once succumbed to everyday antibiotics now require last-resort drugs with unpleasant side effects.Others have become so difficult to treat that they kill some 25,000Europeans yearly.And some bacteria now resist every known antibiotic.Regular readers will know why:New Scientist has reported warnings about this for years.We have misused antibiotics appallingly,handing them out to humans like medicinal candy and feeding them to livestock by the tonne,mostly not for health reasons but to make meat cheaper.Now antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be found all over the world—not just in medical facilities,but everywhere from muddy puddles in India to the snows of Antarctica（南极洲）.How did we reach this point without viable successors to today’s increasingly ineffectual drugs? The answer lies not in evolution but economics.Over the past20years,nearly every major pharmaceutical company has abandoned panies must make money,and there isn’t much in short-term drugs that should be used sparingly.So researchers have discovered promising candidates,but can’t reach into the deep pockets needed to develop them.This can be fixed.As we report this week,regulatory agencies,worried medical bodies and Big Pharma are finally hatching ways to remedy this market failure.Delinking profits from the volume of drug sold(by adjusting patent rights,say,or offering prizes for innovation)has worked for other drugs,and should work for antibiotics—although there may be a worryingly long wait before they reach the market.One day,though,these will all to resistance too.Ultimately,we need,evolution-proof cures for bacterial infection:treatments that stop bacteria from causing disease,but don’t otherwise inconvenience the little blighters.When resisting drugs confers no selective advantage,drugs will stop breeding resistance.Researchers have a couple of candidates for such treatment.But they fear regulators will drag their feet over such radical approaches.That,too,can be fixed.We must not neglect development of the sustainable medicine we need,the way we have neglected simple antibiotic R&D.If we do,one day another top doctor will be telling us that the drugs no longer work—and there really will be no help on the way.61.In the first paragraph,the author is tying to_____.A.warn us against the rampant abuse of antibiotics everywhereB.suggest a course of action to reduce antibiotic resistanceC.tell us a time race between humans and bacteriaD.remind us of the universal benefit of antibiotics62.The warning from health authorities implies that_____.A.the pre-antibiotic era will returnB.the antibiotic crisis is about to repeatC.the wonder drugs are a double-edged swordD.the development of new antibiotics is too slow63.The appalling misuse of antibiotics,according to the passage,_____.A.has developed resistant bacteria worldwideB.has been mainly practiced for health reasonsC.has been seldom reported as a warning in the worldD.has been particularly worsened in the developing countries64.The market failure refers to____.A.the inability to develop more powerful antibioticsB.the existing increasingly ineffectual drugs in the marketC.the poor management of the major pharmaceutical companiesD.the deprived investment in developing new classes of antibiotics65.During the presentation of the two solutions,the author carries a tone of_____.A.doubtB.urgencyC.indifferenceD.helplessness Passage TwoThis issue of Science contains announcements for more than100different Gorgon Research Conferences，on topics that range from atomic physics to developmental biology.The brainchild（某人的主意）of Neil Gordon of Johns Hopkins University,these week-long meetings are designed to promote intimate,informal discussions of frontier science.Often confined to fewer than125 attendees,they have traditionally been held in remote places with minimal distractions.Beginning in the early1960s,I attended the summer Nucleic Acids Gordon Conference in rural New Hampshire，sharing austere（简朴的）dorm facilities in a private boy’s school with randomly assigned roommates.As a beginning scientist,I found the question period after each talk especially fascinating,providing valuable insights into the personalities and ways of thinking of many senior scientists whom I had not encountered previously.Back then,there were no cellphones and no internet,and all of the speakers seemed to stay for the entire week.During the long,session-free afternoons,graduate students mingled freely with professors.Many lifelong friendships were begun, and—as Gordon intended—new scientific collaborations began.Leap forward to today,and every scientist can gain immediate access to a vast store of scientific thought and to millions of other scientists via the Internet.Why,nevertheless,do in-person scientific meetings remain so valuable for a life in science?Part of the answer is that science works best when there is a deep mutual trust and understanding between the collaborators,which is hard to develop from a distance.But most important is the critical role that face-to-face scientific meetings play in stimulating a random collision of ideas and approaches.The best science occurs when someone combines the knowledge gained by other scientists in non-obvious ways to create a new understanding of how the world works.A successful scientist needs to deeply believe,whatever the problem being tackled,that there is always a better way to approach that problem than the path currently being taken.The scientist is then constantly on the alert for new paths to take in his or her work,which is essential for makingbreakthroughs.Thus,as much as possible,scientific meetings should be designed to expose the attendees to ways of thinking and techniques that are different from the ones that they already know.66.Assembled at Gordon Research Conference are those who____.A.are physicists and biologistsB.just start doing their sciencesC.stay in the forefront of scienceD.are accomplished senior scientists67.Speaking of the summer Nucleic Acids Gordon Conference,the author thinks highly of____.A.the personalities of senior scientistsB.the question period after each talkC.the austere facilities aroundD.the week-long duration68.It can be inferred from the author that the value of the in-person scientific conference_____.A.does not change with timesB.can be explored online exclusivelyC.lies in exchanging the advances in lie scienceD.is questioned in establishing a vast store of ideas69.The author believes that the face-to-face scientific conferences can help the attendeesbetter_____.A.understand what making a breakthrough means to themB.expose themselves to novel ideas and new approachesC.foster the passion for doing scienceD.tackle the same problem in science70.What would the author most probably talk about in the following paragraphs?A.How to explore scientific collaborations.B.How to make scientific breakthroughs.C.How to design scientific meetings.D.How to think like a genius.Passage ThreeBack in1896,the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius realized that by burning coal we were adding carbon dioxide to the air,and that this would warm the Earth.But he mentioned the issue only in passing（顺便地），for his calculations suggested it would not become a problem for thousands of years.Others thought that the oceans would soak up any extra CO2,so there was nothing much to worry about.That this latter argument has persisted to this day in some quarters highlights our species’propensity（倾向）to underestimate the scale of our impact on the planet.Even the Earth’s vast oceans cannot suck up CO2as quickly as we can produce it,and we now know the stored CO2is acidifying the oceans,a problem in itself.Now a handful of researchers are warning that energy sources we normally think of as innocuous could affect the planet’s climate too.If we start to extract immense amounts of power from the wind,for instance,it will have an impact on how warmth and water move around the planet,and thus on temperatures and rainfall.Just to be clear,no one is suggesting we should stop building wind farms on the basis of this risk.Aside from the huge uncertainties about the climatic effects of extracting power from the wind,our present and near-term usage is far too tiny to make any difference.For the moment,any negative consequences on the climate are massively outweighed by the effects of pumping out even more CO2.That poses by far the greater environmental threat;weaning ourselves off fossil fuels should remain the priority.Even so,now it is the time to start thinking about the long-term effects of the alternative energy sources we are turning to.Those who have already started to look at these issues report weary, indifferent or even hostile reactions to their work.That’s understandable,but disappointing.These effects may be inconsequential,in which case all that will have been wasted is some research time that may well yield interesting insights anyway. Or they may turn out to be sharply negative,in which case the more notice we have,the better.It would be unfortunate to put it mildly,to spend countless trillions replacing fossil-fuel energy infrastructure（基础建设）only to discover that its successor（替代物）is also more damaging than it need be.These climatic effects may even be beneficial.The first,tentative models suggest that extracting large amounts of energy from high-altitude jet streams would cool the planet, counteracting the effects of rising greenhouse gases.It might even be possible to build an energy infrastructure that gives us a degree of control over the weather:turning off wind turbines here, capturing more of the sun’s energy there.We may also need to rethink our long-term research priorities.The sun is ultimately the only source of energy that doesn’t end up altering the planet’s energy balance.So the best bet might be invest heavily in improving solar technology and energy storage—rather than in efforts to harness, say,nuclear fusion.For the moment,all of this remains supposition（推测）.But our species has a tendency to myopia.We have nothing to lose,and everything to gain by taking the long view for a change.71.In the first two paragraphs,the author is trying to draw our attention to____.A.the escalating scale of the global warmingB.the division of scientists over the issue of global warmingC.reasons for us to worry about extra CO2for the oceansD.the human tendency to underestimate the harmful effects on the planet72.The author’s illustration of wind-power extraction reflects____.A.the priority of protecting the environmentB.the same human propensity as mentioned previouslyC.the best strategy of reducing the environmental threatD.the definite huge uncertainties about the climatic effects73.The author argues that it would be unfortunate to replace fossil fuels only to find out that____.A.the successors are also damagingB.the countless trillions spent are wastedC.the alternative energy sources don’t workD.the research invites indifferent or even hostile reactions74.According to the author,the best strategy is____.A.to counteract the effects of rising greenhouse gasesB.to develop a degree of control over the weatherC.to extract large amounts of energy from windD.to explore solar energy and its storage75.It can be concluded from the passage that we need to take the long view on____.A.human existence on the planetB.humanity’s energy suppliesC.our environmental threatsD.our tendency to myopiaPassage FourOptical illusions are like magic,thrilling us because of their capacity to reveal the fallibility of our senses But there’s more to them than that,according to Dr.Beau Lotto,who is wowing the scientific world with work that crosses the boundaries of art,neurology,natural history and philosophy.What they reveal,he says,is that the whole world is the creation of our brain.What we see, what we hear,feel and what we think we know is not a photographic reflection of the word,but an instantaneous unthinking calculation as to what is the most useful way of seeing the world.It’s a best guess based on the past experience of the individual,a long evolutionary past that has shaped the structure of our brains.The world is literally shaped by our pasts.Dr.Lotto,40,an American who is a reader in neuroscience at University College London,has set out to prove it in stunning visual illusions,sculptures and installations,which have been included in art-science exhibitions.He explains his complex ideas from the starting point of visual illusions,which far from revealing how fragile our senses are show how remarkably robust they are at providing a picture of the world that serves a purpose to us.For centuries,artists and scientists have noted that a grey dot looks lighter against a dark background than being against a light background.The conventional belief was that it was because of some way the brain and eye is intrinsically wired.But Dr.Lotto believes it’s a learnt response;in other words,we see the world not as it is but as it is useful to us.“Context is everything,because our brains have evolved to constantly re-define normality,”says Dr.Lotto.“What we see is defined by our own experiences of the past,but also by what the human race has experienced through its history.”This is illustrated by the fact that different cultures and communities have different viewpoints of the world,conditioned over generations.For example,Japanese people have a famous inability to distinguish between the“R”and the“L”sound.This arises because in Japanese the sounds are totally interchangeable.“Differentiating between them has never been useful,so the brain has never learnt to do it.It’s not just that Japanese people find it hard to tell the difference.They literally cannot hear the difference.”Dr.Lotto’s experiments are grounding more and more hypotheses in hard science.“Yes,mywork is idea-driven,”he says.“But lots of research,such as MRI brain scanning,is technique-driven.I don’t believe you can understand the brain by taking it out of its natural environment and looking at it in a laboratory.You have to look at what it evolved to do,and look at it in relationship to its ecology.”76.What does the word“them”in the first paragraph refer to?A.Human senses.B.The fallibility of senses.C.Revealing capacity.D.Optical illusions.77.According to the passage,what is known about Dr.Beau Lotto?A.Though he is a neuroscientist,he has shocked the scientific world with his extensiveresearch in art,neurology,natural history and philosophy.B.Dr.Lotto is a professor at University College Landon who is specialized in a number ofdisciplines such as art,neurology,natural history and philosophy.C.Dr.Lotto has been attempting to exhibit his creative productions in art-science exhibitionsin the hope of proving his idea on optical illusions.D.Dr.Lotto has set out to create visual illusions,sculptures and installations which wellcombined the knowledge of art,neurology,natural history and philosophy.78.Which of the following statements can be inferred from Dr.Lotto’s study?A.People should believe their brains rather than their eyes as the world,to a great measure,iscreated and shaped by human brain.B.People should never believe their senses for what they see,hear,feel,and the truth may becontrary to the photographic image of the world.C.People should never believe their eyes for what they see are only accidental and temporaryforms of the world,which varies in accordance with contexts.D.People should be aware that their eyes can play tricks on them as what they see is actuallycreated by their brains which are shaped by their past experiences.79.According to Dr.Lotto,what is the reason for the fact that a grey dot looks lighter against adark background than being against a light background?A.It is a fact that the dot emerged to be lighter against a dark background than being against alight one.B.Human senses are remarkably robust at providing a picture of the world that serves apurpose to us through what they have learnt from past experiences.C.It is because of some way the brain and eye is intrinsically wired.D.Because the context in which the little dot placed has changed to be lighter.80.Which of the following statements is true about the research in neuroscience?A.Investigation on the brain involves scrutinizing a network in which both environment andthe brain itself function together.B.Both idea-driven and technique-driven are popular research methods in research study inneuroscience.C.People cannot carry out research study on brain in laboratory where it is isolated fromhuman body.D.Brain can be investigated in isolation with other faculties and organs as long as the researchis carried out in proper natural context.Passage FiveThe biggest thing in operating rooms these days is a million-dollar,multi-armed robot named da Vinci,used in nearly400,000surgeries nationwide last year—triple the number just four years earlier.But now the high-tech helper is under scrutiny over reports of problems,including several deaths that may be linked with it and the high cost of using the robotic system.There also have been a few disturbing,freak incidents:a robotic hand that wouldn’t let go of tissue grasped during surgery and a robotic arm hit-ting a patient in the face as she lay on the operating table.Is it time to curb the robot enthusiasm?Some doctors say yes,concerned that the“wow”factor and heavy marketing have boosted use. They argue that there is not enough robust research showing that robotic surgery is at least as good or better than conventional surgeries.Many U.S.hospitals promote robotic surgery in patient brochures,online and even on highway billboards.Their aim is partly to attract business that helps pay for the costly robot.The da Vinci is used for operations that include removing prostates,gallbladders and wombs, repairing heart valves,shrinking stomachs and transplanting organs.Its use has increased worldwide, but the system is most popular in the United States.For surgeons,who control the robot while sitting at a computer screen rather than standing over the patient,these operations can be less tiring.Plus robot hands don’t shake.Advocates say patients sometimes have less bleeding and often are sent home sooner than with conventional laparoscopic surgeries and operations involving large incisions.But the Food and Drug Administration is looking into a spike in reported problems during robotic surgeries.Earlier this year,the FDA began a survey of surgeons using the robotic system. The agency conducts such surveys of devices routinely,but FDA spokeswoman Synim Rivers said the reason for it now“is the increase in number of reports received”about da Vinci.Reports filed since early last year include at least five deaths.Whether there truly are more problems recently is uncertain.Rivers said she couldn’t quantify the increase and that it may simply reflect more awareness among doctors and hospitals about the need to report problems.Doctors aren’t required to report such things;device makers and hospitals are.Company spokesman Geoff Curtis said Intuitive Surgical has physician-educators and other trainers who teach surgeons how to use the robot.But they don’t train them how to do specific procedures robotically,he said,and that it’s up to hospitals and surgeons to decide“if and when a surgeon is ready to perform robotic cases.”A2010New England Journal of Medicine essay by a doctor and a health policy analyst said surgeons must do at least150procedures to become adept at using the robotic system.But there is no expert consensus on how much training is needed.New Jersey banker Alexis Grattan did a lot of online research before her gallbladder was removed last month at Hackensack University Medical Center.She said the surgeon’s many years of experience with robotic operations was an important factor.She also had heard that the surgeon was among the first to do the robotic operation with just one small incision in the belly button,instead of four cuts in conventional keyhole surgery.81.Why did FDA begin to scrutinize da Vinci?A.The number used in operation has been tripled.B.It is too expensive.C.It is reported to have frequent mechanical breakdown.wsuits increase with death case reports.82.According to some doctors,which of the following is NOT the reason to curb the enthusiasmfor da Vinci?A.The high cost causes unreasonable marketing.B.It is not as good as traditional surgeries.C.It needs more statistics to prove its value.D.It is necessary for doctors to consider some problems.83.What does FDA spokeswoman Synim Rivers mean?A.Doctors and hospitals should be responsible for those problems.B.It is doctors that think da Vinci robots are problematic.C.There are so many problems reports that FDA has to do an enquiry.D.FDA hasn’t finished the previous enquiry about the surgeons who used robots.84.What is correct about training according to the Geoff Curtis?A.A lack of sufficient training on the part of surgeons.B.A lack of sufficient training an the part of company.C.Doctors and hospitals are not sufficiently trained on specific procedures.D.Doctors and hospitals are not sufficiently trained on how to use robots.85.What is the best title for this passage?A.Four Hands Better than Two?B.Too Good to Be TrueC.Smart RobotsD.Who Is the Killer?Passage SixIn a poor,inland,gang-infested part of Los Angeles,there is a clinic for people with type1 diabetes.As part of the country health care system,it serves persons who have fallen through all other safety-net options,the poorest of the poor.Although type2diabetes is rampant in this part of。
考博英语写作范文9篇
考博英语写作范文9篇1. Television Program and Their Effect on childrenTelevision programs regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority of our children. Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child. Most programs can be classed as beneficial or harmful, according to what effect the program might have on a child.The beneficial television programs are mainly thouse that educate the young. There are often specials on animal life. A few regular children’s programs develop the child’s interest in school-type learning by stressing numbers and the alphablt, and that encourages him or her to be creative. The beneficial commercials, such as those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in this category.On the opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children. Many commercials, especially those sponsoring the children’s programs, are deliberately written to create a desire for an unnecessary product such as sugar coated cereals and candy. All adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a child’s mind with confusing or misleading ideas, and could possib ly harden the child to violence.Thoughtful parents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs. A child’s viewing time should be limited to watching educationlly benefical programs.2. How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big CitiesWith the development of modern industryu, more and more people are flowing into big cities. Accordingly, the housingproblem in big cities is becoming more and more serious.People have offered many solutions to this problem. I think building satellite cities in the suburbs is more practical. The fresh air and beautiful secnery in the suburbs will be appealing to the city citizens, who suffer from air pollution, noises, etc. in the overcrowded city. With more people leaving the city, more space will be available for those remaining. The housinmg problem in big cities will thus be solved.3. “The younger generaton knows best”Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comments is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than ti is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideas of their elders. Events, which the older generation remembers vividly, are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed.The old always assume thaty they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They don’t like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to doubt that the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds. What they reject more than anything is conformity. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn’t people work best if theywere given complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear drab grey suits and convict haircuts? If we turn our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solven their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? Can anything be right with the rat —race? Haven’t the old lost touch with all that is important in life?There are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly. Their record over the past forty years or so hasn’t been exactly spotless. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guilance. Today, the situation might reversed. The old—if they are prepared to admit it — could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not “sinful”. Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure to shed restricting inhibitions. It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. This emphasis on the present is only to be expressed because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constant threat of complete annihilation. This is their glorious heritage. Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generation that bequeathed it ?4. Public TransportationAs part of domestic modernization, public transportation needs to be developed urgently in China. I can illustrate some examples.There does not only exist serious traffic jams but also crowded buses, underground and railways. Commuters find it hard to get to work on time due to overcrowded buses or tubes.Travelers could hardly get on buses in big cities during weedends owing to fewer buses and more people. When Spring Festival is drawing near, there is much greater –ressure on public transportation since it has to deal with a large number of travelers rushing home. And travelers need special arrangements to go home. In a word, public transportation has become bottleneck to the advanc of Chinese economy.To solve the above-mentioned problems, the departments concerned should carry out the following steps: to build more roads, highways or railways and to add buses or trains to the original lines. But ther funds have to be raised both from the government and the public.There are three sources for fund raising. One is to raise the fares for all kinds of all transportation vehicles. Another is to increase the prices for various vehicles on sale. The third is to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oiil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money collected is used to improve transportation services, the situation will be bettered and favorable.The third step to take is to introduce new technology in order to raise the efficiency of vehicles. For instance, the speed of trains can be increased as much as two times so that two times as manypeople can be held. In this way, the pressure on public transportation can be dramatically alleviated. So in a word, we need to introduce new technology to raise the speed of vehicles while having built even wider roads and added more efficient trains and huses.5. Human EducationThe other day, a professor from Peking University gave a lecture “Chinese Intellectuals and Written Cultural Text”. In his lecture, he held that Chinese intellectuals have lost the written cultural text since the May 4th movement. His opinion set us thinking that the loss of traditional humane education resulted in a crisis of cultural education.With the rapid development of economy, the living standard of the Chinese people has improved a lot in terms of material wealth. In a period when economics take priority, people pay more aned more attention to profit. At present, moneymaking and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion. On the other hand, there appears a barren field of spirit in today’s society. It has become unexpectedly hard to rebuild the paradise of traditional culture.Ideological confusion, moral decline and a chaotic cultural market, all this shows that it is the high time to have something done in order to tackle the problem of cultural orientation. Our times call for an ideal humane education.It is unwise to discard traditional Chinese culture as a whole. Some of the elements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of our spiritual civilizaiton directly or wit5h some adaptation. Our attitude towards tradition should be “discarding the dross and selecting the essence”. The humane education of the past can serve as a supplement to our Marxisteducation. It should start from primary school. In this way, our children will get educated so as to be possessed of a perfect personality. The national morale will be deeply rooted in people’s mind, and will help push forward the growth of economy.To sum up, we can find it badly necessary to build up an ideal humane education. We should find an efficient way to develop our humane education and dig out5 more resources form traditional Chinese culture.6. Criticism on TelevisionA lot of people believe that television has a harmful effect on chldren. A few years ago, the same criticisms were made of the cinema. But although child psychoilogists have spent a great deal of time studying his problem, there is not much evidence that television brings about teenager’s crimes.For people in the modern worlds share the views of parents a hundred years ago. In those days, writers for children carefully avoided any reference to sex in their books, but had not inhibitions about including scenes of violence.The evidence collected suggests, however, that neither the subject, nor the action in itself frightens children. The context in which cruely or violence occurs is much more important.A good guide to what is psychologically healthy for a small child is therefore provided by a television series in which a boy and a girl are supposed to be exploring distant planets with their parents. In each story, they encounter strange monsters and find themselves in dangerous situations but the parents are reassuring and sensible, as a child’s paprents should be in real life. There is an adult character who is a coward and liar, but boththe children are brave and , of course, every story ends happily.In my view, children should be exposed to the problems of real life as soon as possible, but they cannont help seeing these through news programs. When they are being entertained, the healthiest atmosphere is one which the hero and heroine are children like themselves who behave naturally and confidently in any situation.7. The ony thing people are interesed in today is earing more moneyOnce upon a time there lived a beautiful young woman and a handsome young man. They were very poor, but as they were deeply in love, they wanted to get married. The young people’s parents shook their heads. “You can’t get married yet.” They said. Wait till you get a good job with good prospects. So the young people waited until they found good jobs with good prospects and they were able to get married. They were still poor, of course, they didn’t have a house to live in or any furniture, but that did’t matter. They young man had a good job with good prospects, so large organizations lent him the money he needed to buy a house, some furniture, all the latest electrical appliances and a car. The couple lived happily ever after paying off debts for the rest of their lves. And so ends another modern romantic fable.We live in a materialistic society and are trained from our earlist years to be acquistive. Our possessions, yours and mine are clearly labeled from early childhood. When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surpise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money youearn. We spend the whole of ourlives keeping up with ourneighbors, the Joneses. If we buy a new television set , Jones is bound to buy a bigger and better one. If we buy a new car, we can be sure that Jones will go one better and get two new cars: one for his wife and one for himself. The most amusing thing about this game is that Joneses and all the neighbors who are struggling frantically to keep up with them are spending borrowed money kindly provided, at a suitable rate of interest, of course, by friendly banks, insurance companies, etc.It is not only affluent societies that people are obsessed with the idea of making more money. Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets. Gone are the days when industrial goods were made to last forever. The wheels of industry must be kept turning. Built-in obsolescence provides the means; goods are made to be discarded. Cars get tinnier and tinnier. You no sooner acquire this year’s model than you are thinking about its replacement.This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education. Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake. Every course of studies must lead somewhere. i.e. to a bigger wage packet. The demand for skilled personnel for exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. Tempting salaries and “fringe benefits” are offered to them. Recruiting tactics of this kind have led to the brain drain, the process by which highly skilled people offer their services to the highest bidder. The wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens. While Mammon is worshipped as never before, the rich get richers and the poor, poorer.8. Communication and LanguageOne of the first things we think about when we hear the word communication language. There are thousands of languages spoken around the world today. In fact, linguistis say that there may be as many as 10000.Speaking with others is an important means of communication, but we can also communicate without using words, that is by nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication includes voice quality, eyes movement, facial expression and body movements such as gestures and change in body position. But many people do not realize that everyone uses nonverbal communication. Sometimes, we “say” more with our face and gestures that we do with our voices.Books, magazines, newspapers, radio, television, are other means of communication. Today we can also communicate over long distance with the help of communications satellites. Some scientists say that soon machines will be developed for sending message through the earth. The technology necessary to build these machines is very complex. But the language we speak every day is much more complex than the most modern communication technology.9. Cooperation Goes with CompetitionIn our times, cooperation and competition spread over the world. Both of them speed up the wheel of economy and enrich the intelligence of mankind. It is possible to accomplish a complicated program by only one person now. As we know, the more cooperation a company depends on, the more efficient it will become in business.Furthermore, we can’t avoid competition in our exchanges.From time to time, we compare ourselves with others, expecting to catch up with others. This is the spirit of competition, by which we pursue the highest goal. It is only by competition in the market that a company can raise its reputation. Were it not for competition, say, all of us would not enjoy what we have achieved.10. The Rise of Intellectual Property ProtectionIntellectural property scarcely existed in the vocabularies of academic researchers and administrators even 15 years ago. Now it is an ever-present part of discussions on research policies and directions. This new importance of intellectual property in academia reflects a changing view on ther relationships of research at universities to the surrounding society. Until recently, research at universities has been relatively isolated from demands of economic utility,and education of graduate students has emphasized a career in academic research as the final goal.Now almost all research universities in the United States have technology licensing operations. The number of U.S. patents granted to American universities in a year rose from about 300 in 1980 to almost 2000 in 1995. The direct economic impact of technology licensing on the universities themselves has been relatively small. In contrast, the impact of university technology transfer on the local and national economies has been substantial, and leads to the concusion that the Licensing Act () is one of the most successful pieces of economic development in recent history. It has been estimated that more than 200000 jobs have been created in the United States in product development and manufacturing of products from university licenses, with the number increasing fairly rapidly as the licenses mature.Intellectual property terms have become vitally important. The company wants to be assured that it can use the results ofthe research-and that these results will not be available to their competitors. But most universities insist that transfer of research results is key to their identity and mission and will not agree to keep the project results secret. The key to resolving this dilemman is to grant patents: the university will publish the results, but will first agree to file patents that will protect the company’s privilege in the commercial market place.。
考博英语范文10篇
考博英语范文总结十篇一、Television Program and Their Effect on childrenTelevision programs regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority of our children. Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child. Most programs can be classed as beneficial or harmful, according to what effect the program might have on a child.The beneficial television programs are mainly thouse that educate the young. There are often specials on animal life. A few regular children’s prog rams develop the child’s interest in school-type learning by stressing numbers and the alphablt, and that encourages him or her to be creative. The beneficial commercials, such as those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in this category.On the opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children. Many commercials, especially those sponsoring the children’s programs, are deliberately written to create a desire for an unnecessary product such as sugar coated cereals and candy. All adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a child’s mind with confusing or misleading ideas, and could possib ly harden the child to violence.Thoughtful parents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs.A child’s viewing time should be limited to watching educationlly benefical programs.二、“The younger generation knows best”Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comments are made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has neverbeen truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideas of their elders. Events, which the older generation remembers vividly, are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed.The old always assume that they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They don’t like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency. They take leave to doubt that the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds. What they reject more than anything is conformity. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn’t people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear drab grey suits and convict haircuts? If we turn our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solven their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? Can anything be right with the rat —race? Haven’t the old lost touch with all that is important in life?There are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly. Their record over the past forty years or so hasn’t been exactly spotless. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guilance. Today, the situation might reversed. The old—if they are prepared to admit it — could learn a thing or two from their children. One ofthe biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not “sinful”. Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure to shed restricting inhibitions. It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. This emphasis on the present is only to be expressed because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constant threat of complete annihilation. This is their glorious heritage. Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generation that bequeathed it ?三、How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big CitiesWith the development of modern industryu, more and more people are flowing into big cities. Accordingly, the housing problem in big cities is becoming more and more serious.People have offered many solutions to this problem. I think building satellite cities in the suburbs is more practical. The fresh air and beautiful secnery in the suburbs will be appealing to the city citizens, who suffer from air pollution, noises, etc. in the overcrowded city. With more people leaving the city, more space will be available for those remaining. The housinmg problem in big cities will thus be solved.四、Public TransportationAs part of domestic modernization, public transportation needs to be developed urgently in China. I can illustrate some examples.There does not only exist serious traffic jams but also crowded buses, underground and railways. Commuters find it hard to get to work on time due to overcrowded buses or tubes. Travelers could hardly get on buses in big cities during weedends owing to fewer buses and more people. When Spring Festival is drawing near, there is much greater –ressure on public transportation since it has to deal with a large numberof travelers rushing home. And travelers need special arrangements to go home. In a word, public transportation has become bottleneck to the advanc of Chinese economy.To solve the above-mentioned problems, the departments concerned should carry out the following steps: to build more roads, highways or railways and to add buses or trains to the original lines. But ther funds have to be raised both from the government and the public.There are three sources for fund raising. One is to raise the fares for all kinds of all transportation vehicles. Another is to increase the prices for various vehicles on sale. The third is to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money collected is used to improve transportation services, the situation will be bettered and favorable.The third step to take is to introduce new technology in order to raise the efficiency of vehicles. For instance, the speed of trains can be increased as much as two times so that two times as many people can be held. In this way, the pressure on public transportation can be dramatically alleviated. So in a word, we need to introduce new technology to raise the speed of vehicles while having built even wider roads and added more efficient trains and buses.五、Human EducationThe oth er day, a professor from Peking University gave a lecture “Chinese Intellectuals and Written Cultural Text”. In his lecture, he held that Chinese intellectuals have lost the written cultural text since the May 4th movement. His opinion set us thinking that the loss of traditional humane education resulted in a crisis of cultural education.With the rapid development of economy, the living standard of the Chinese people has improved a lot in terms of material wealth. In a period when economics takepriority, people pay more aned more attention to profit. At present, moneymaking and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion. On the other hand, there appears a barren field of spirit in today’s society. It has become unexpectedly hard to rebuild the paradise of traditional culture.Ideological confusion, moral decline and a chaotic cultural market, all this shows that it is the high time to have something done in order to tackle the problem of cultural orientation. Our times call for an ideal humane education.It is unwise to discard traditional Chinese culture as a whole. Some of the elements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of our spiritual civilizaiton directly or wit5h some adaptation. Our attitude towards tradition should be “discarding the dross and selecting the essence”. The humane education of the past can serve as a supplement to our Marxist education. It should start from primary school. In this way, our children will get educated so as to be possessed of a perfect personality. The national morale will be deeply rooted in people’s mind, and will help push forward the growth of economy.To sum up, we can find it badly necessary to build up an ideal humane education. We should find an efficient way to develop our humane education and dig out5 more resources form traditional Chinese culture.六、Criticism on TelevisionA lot of people believe that television has a harmful effect on chldren. A few years ago, the same criticisms were made of the cinema. But although child psychoilogists have spent a great deal of time studying his problem, there is not much evidence that television brings about teenager’s crimes.For people in the modern worlds share the views of parents a hundred years ago. In those days, writers for children carefully avoided any reference to sex in their books, but had not inhibitions about including scenes of violence.The evidence collected suggests, however, that neither the subject, nor the action in itself frightens children. The context in which cruely or violence occurs is much more important.A good guide to what is psychologically healthy for a small child is therefore provided by a television series in which a boy and a girl are supposed to be exploring distant planets with their parents. In each story, they encounter strange monsters and find themselves in dangerous situations but the parents are reassuring and sensible, as a child’s paprents should be in real life. There is an adult character who is a coward and liar, but both the children are brave and , of course, every story ends happily.In my view, children should be exposed to the problems of real life as soon as possible, but they cannont help seeing these through news programs. When they are being entertained, the healthiest atmosphere is one which the hero and heroine are children like themselves who behave naturally and confidently in any situation.七、the only thing people are interesed in today is earing more moneyOnce upon a time there lived a beautiful young woman and a handsome young man. They were very poor, but as they were deeply in love, they wanted to get married. The young people’s parents shook their heads. “You can’t get married yet.” They said. Wait till you get a good job with good prospects. So the young people waited until they found good jobs with good prospects and they were able to get married. They were still poor, of course, they didn’t have a house to live in or any furniture, but that did’t matter. They young man had a good job with good prospects, so large organizations lent him the money he needed to buy a house, some furniture, all the latest electrical appliances and a car. The couple lived happily ever after paying off debts for the rest of their lves. And so ends another modern romantic fable.We live in a materialistic society and are trained from our earlist years to be acquistive. Our possessions, yours and mine are clearly labeled from early childhood. When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surpise us to discover thatsuccess is measured in terms of the money you earn. We spend the whole of ourlives keeping up with our neighbors, the Joneses. If we buy a new television set , Jones is bound to buy a bigger and better one. If we buy a new car, we can be sure that Jones will go one better and get two new cars: one for his wife and one for himself. The most amusing thing about this game is that Joneses and all the neighbors who are struggling frantically to keep up with them are spending borrowed money kindly provided, at a suitable rate of interest, of course, by friendly banks, insurance companies, etc.It is not only affluent societies that people are obsessed with the idea of making more money. Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets. Gone are the days when industrial goods were made to last forever. The wheels of industry must be kept turning. Built-in obsolescence provides the means; goods are made to be discarded. Cars get tinnier and tinnier. You no sooner acquire this year’s model than you are thinking about its replacement.This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education. Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake. Every course of studies must lead somewhere. i.e. to a bigger wage packet. The demand for skilled personnel for exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. Tempting salaries and “fringe benefits” are offered to them. Recruiting tactics of this kind have led to the brain drain, the process by which highly skilled people offer their services to the highest bidder. The wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens. While Mammon is worshipped as never before, the rich get richers and the poor, poorer.八、Communication and LanguageOne of the first things we think about when we hear the word communication language. There are thousands of languages spoken around the world today. In fact, linguistis say that there may be as many as 10000.Speaking with others is an important means of communication, but we can also communicate without using words, that is by nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication includes voice quality, eyes movement, facial expression and body movements such as gestures and change in body position. But many people do not realize that everyone uses nonverbal communication. Sometimes, we “say” m ore with our face and gestures that we do with our voices.Books, magazines, newspapers, radio, television, are other means of communication. Today we can also communicate over long distance with the help of communications satellites. Some scientists say that soon machines will be developed for sending message through the earth. The technology necessary to build these machines is very complex. But the language we speak every day is much more complex than the most modern communication technology.九、Cooperation Goes with CompetitionIn our times, cooperation and competition spread over the world. Both of them speed up the wheel of economy and enrich the intelligence of mankind. It is possible to accomplish a complicated program by only one person now. As we know, the more cooperation a company depends on, the more efficient it will become in business.Furthermore, we can’t avoid competition in our exchanges. From time to time, we compare ourselves with others, expecting to catch up with others. This is the spirit of competition, by which we pursue the highest goal. It is only by competition in the market that a company can raise its reputation. Were it not for competition, say, all of us would not enjoy what we have achieved.十、the Rise of Intellectual Property ProtectionIntellectural property scarcely existed in the vocabularies of academic researchers and administrators even 15 years ago. Now it is an ever-present part of discussions on research policies and directions. This new importance of intellectual property in academia reflects a changing view on ther relationships of research at universities to the surrounding society. Until recently, research at universities has been relatively isolated from demands of economic utility,and education of graduate students has emphasized a career in academic research as the final goal.Now almost all research universities in the United States have technology licensing operations. The number of U.S. patents granted to American universities in a year rose from about 300 in 1980 to almost 2000 in 1995. The direct economic impact of technology licensing on the universities themselves has been relatively small. In contrast, the impact of university technology transfer on the local and national economies has been substantial, and leads to the concusion that the Licensing Act () is one of the most successful pieces of economic development in recent history. It has been estimated that more than 200000 jobs have been created in the United States in product development and manufacturing of products from university licenses, with the number increasing fairly rapidly as the licenses mature.Intellectual property terms have become vitally important. The company wants to be assured that it can use the results of the research-and that these results will not be available to their competitors. But most universities insist that transfer of research results is key to their identity and mission and will not agree to keep the project results secret. The key to resolving this dilemman is to grant patents: the university will publish the results, but will first agree to file patents that will protect the company’s privilege in the commercial market place.1.Directions:Women make a great contribution to the progress of modern society. But there are still some people who don’t agree with it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper based on the following outline.1. Role of women in modern society2. Prejudices and discrimination against women3. My commentYou should write about 200 words within 40 minutes.Women play an important part in modern society. Now many women are going into professions, such as medicine, law and engineering. They comprise a large part of the workers in offices and factories. Many jobs they are engaged in are in line with their special capabilities of their sex. In addition, some of are working up to important positions which used to be held mainly by men. There are even some businesses which are run completely by women. It is obvious that women are making an outstanding contribution to the progress of modern society.There are, however, still some people who assert that men are superior to women in many ways. In the first place, many jobs men do can hardly be done by women, who are physically not strong enough. They believe that women are the weaker sex –both physically and emotionally. Thus, women are naturally suited, much more sothan men, to the performance of domestic duties. According to them, a woman’s place is within the protective environment of the home. Secondly, most of the world-famous scientists and statesmen are found to be males. Finally, the whole society seems to have always been dominated by men only. In their opinion, men should enjoy more rights than do women.Personally, I’m firmly standing on the side of those women right defenders. Since both men and women are equally important in human activities, they should be on an equal footing. (242 words)2.Directions: In this part, you are to write an essay of about 200 words within 40 minutes. Study the following table care fully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. You should quote as few figures as possible.Outline: 1. Changes in people’s daily expanses in the past five years2. Possible reasons for the changes3. My own conclusionYear Item1997 1998199920002001Food65%60%48%42%35%Clothing5%7%10%13%15%Recreation3%5%7%8%13%Others24%26%33%36%38%Total100%100%100%100%100%In the past five years, there have been great changes in people’s daily expenses in XX city. According to the figures given in the table, the amount of money spent on food decreased gradually, accounting for 35 per cent in 2001. However, there was a rapid increase in clothing expenses, which made up 15% in 2001. In addition, the table shows an upward tendency in recreation expenses. The same was the case with other expenses.What caused these remarkable changes? In my opinion, there are at least three good reasons. To begin with, with the rapid development of agriculture in China, the output of grain, fruit, vegetables and milk has sharply increased, which contributes to the decline in their prices. Secondly, the family incomes of people both in the city and in the country have greatly risen so that people now can afford expensive clothing and some of them even want to dress in the latest fashion. Finally, as the living conditions improve, the demand for a variety of recreations is growing steadily, too.In short, with the incomes continuing to rise, people will no longer resign themselves to living a dull, monotonous life. They are eager to make their life interesting and exciting. Therefore, I am sure that people will spend more money on clothing and recreations. (219 words)3．Directions: Migrant workers (外地民工) have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities. In this part, you are to write within 40 minutes a composition of 200 words about “The Role of Migrant Workers”. You can agree and/or disagree, completely or partially to above statement. But no matter which position you take, you should supporting reasons.As is known to all, migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities. They are an indispensable part of our work force. Most of them work onconstruction sites. There is no doubt that without migrant workers many of construction projects would have to be held up for lack of manpower. In addition, a large number of migrant workers are a beneficial factor, which enhances the consumption of food and daily items. This in turn helps to develop food industry and service trades in cites. All these are positive aspects of migrant workers in cities.However, as a popular saying goes, “Everything has two sides”. The same is the case with migrant workers. Firstly, most of them are not well educated and professionally trained. Some of them have had very little schooling. As you know. Illiterate people, who are usually ignorant of the law, tend to make trouble, thus endangering social order. Secondly, most of the migrant workers swarm into big cities just to make money. Being illiterate or unskilled, some of them would stop at nothing to get what they are ambitious for. Therefore, they are a potential threat to the peace and stability of society.In my opinion, in the appraisal of migrant workers, it is one-sided to affirm everything or to negate everything. We should appreciate the great contribution made by them, and at the same time pay enough attention to the problems caused by them. (244 words)博士研究生考试复习英语范文作者: maxlong 发布日期: 2007-2-26 查看数: 231 出自: Information and My LifeAs you know, information plays an important role in our modern society. Someone ~ys that ours is a society of information. I agree with him. In fact, information is expanding at an increasing rate. As a member of modern society, I am fully aware of the significance of information to my life. It affects nearly every aspect of my life.Then how to obtain and deal with information seems to be of utmost importance.As for me, the first way to obtain information is to go to library. Our library is so large that it covers a wide range of subjects. Various kinds of information can be got in it. Information about society, economy, politics and sciences will give you a fresh mind. Of course, library isn' t the only source of information. I can learn much information by other means. Even when talking with my friends I can get a lot of useful information.But information is so immense that we haven' t ample energy and time to deal deeply with' it. Moreover, some of the information might not be true. So, how to select information is also significant to me. Listen to all, trust only three tenths. To obtain accurate information and to throw off the false part of it should be our goal.Information should be made full use in my life. Right now, I try to use information mostly on my studies. When I get into society several years later, information will probably become more and moreimportantToday's Luxuries Are Tomorrow's NecessitiesBy "luxury", we mean "a pleasant and often expensive thing that is not necessary". From a historical point of view, things which Were a luxury when they first came into being all became necessities later. When the electric bulb was first invented in the U.S., it was such a luxury that only government bodies could afford to use it. Nowadays, however, it has reached every part of the world. It is the same case with telephone, TV, and a lot of others, which were all luxuries years ago.Anything, no matter how luxurious it is, will become a necessity when it is widely used. This is true of many of the present luxuries, including mobile phones, cars, computers and many other things. It is known to all that the purpose of thedevelopment of science is to make things easy for the mankind, not for only a small number of people. Therefore, the first thing to do after a new invention occurs is to spread it so as to benefit as many people as possible. In the course of the spread, the luxury becomes decreasingly luxurious until in the end it becomes a necessity. This is an objective law, nothing can be an exception.With the quick development of science and technology, the process for many things to become a necessity from a luxury will be greatly shortened. Anything that can be imagined will be invented and in no time becomes a necessity accessible to ordinary people.Value of KnowledgeIn the Information Age, public awareness of the value of knowledge critically affects the economic growth of a nation. The schematic diagram clearly shows how the value of knowledge evolved in China in the past 50 years.The schematic diagram mainly consists of three parts. From 1950 to 1966, the curve was roughly a straight line slightly above zero, showing that China was a poorly-educated nation then. In 1966, the curve drastically dropped below zero, moving down hopelessly in the next 11 years. This periodcoincided with the "Culture Revolution". Our society went mad then, books were burned,schools were closed and all kinds of academic activities were banned. Knowledge inflicted its masters nothing but disasters. Life was a nightmare for Chinese intellectuals, including famous scholars as well as common people who received higher education or whose profession had anything to do with knowledge. It was a time when ignorance was a virtue and knowledge was a crime. People tried desperately to be away from knowledge. As a result, China lagged farther behind the rapid progressing world. This was the darkest time in the history of New China. The curve returned to its original non-zero position around 1978 and moved up but slowly. From 1984 on, it has been shooting up. The open-up policy encourages people to study and to channel their knowledge to the market economy. Millions of Chinese are bettering off by means oftheir knowledge and more Chinese enjoy the fruits of knowledge and say goodbye for good to poverty that haunted them for generations.As our world is rapidly advancing towards the Information Age, increasing number of people realize that knowledge is power and creativity is everything. Only when China becomes a better educated nation, can China be a great nation with international prestige.Task 1A. Title: Private carB. Word limit: about 200 words (not including the given opening sentence)C. Your composition should be based on the outline below and should start with the given opening sentence: “Nowadays any Chinese can enjoy the luxury of owning a private car- if he can afford it.”D. Your composition should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Outline:1) Advantages of owning a private car.2) Disadvantages of owning a private car.3) Should it be necessary to enlarge the private car market? Why or why not?Nowadays, any Chinese can enjoy the luxury of owning a private car –if he or she can afford it. Having a car of your own means no more traveling to work on crowded buses or subway trains, and you can drop off the children at school on the way. Moreover, it also means that you can enjoy the weekends and holidays better, because with a car you can go to places where the regular buses and trains do not go, and so you can find a quiet scenic spot with no crowds.However, there are drawbacks to owning a car. For one thing, with the increase in car ownership in recent years, the roads are becoming more and more crowded, often making the journey to work more of a nightmare than a dream. For another, it is not cheap to run a car, as the prices of gasoline and repairs are constantly rising, not to mention the prices you have to pay for a license and insurance coverage.。
考博英语作文真题
考博英语作文真题It was a sunny day, and I decided to take a walk in the park. As I strolled along the path, I couldn't help but notice the vibrant colors of the flowers in bloom. The scent of fresh grass and the sound of birds chirping filled the air, creating a peaceful and serene atmosphere.Suddenly, I heard the sound of laughter coming from a nearby playground. I turned to see a group of children playing and running around, their joyful shouts echoing through the park. It was heartwarming to see their carefree spirits and innocent smiles, reminding me of the simple joys of life.As I continued my walk, I came across a couple sitting on a bench, deep in conversation. Their gestures and expressions revealed a sense of love and connection that was truly heartening to witness. It was a beautiful reminder of the power of human connection and the importance of meaningful relationships in our lives.Further along the path, I encountered an elderly man feeding the ducks by the pond. His kind eyes and gentle demeanor exuded a sense of wisdom and compassion. It was a touching sight to see him taking the time to connect with nature and find solace in the simple pleasures of life.As I made my way back home, I couldn't help but feel a sense of gratitude for the little moments of beauty and joy that I had witnessed in the park. It was a reminder to appreciate the present moment and find happiness in the small things that often go unnoticed in our busy lives.。
2017考博英语翻译平日练习(8)
2017考博英语翻译平日练习（8）考博英语翻译部分看起来简单，其实很容易失分，英译汉是肯定不可以直译的需要直译意译互动原则;汉译英则需要意译法以求信、达和地道。
新东方在线考博频道整理了2017考博英语翻译平日练习并给出了答案希望考生们根据译文揣摩练习。
There’s no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina，for instance，after the reforms of the early 1990s，multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms，of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.无疑，大企业正在变得更大、更强。
跨国公司在1982年只占有国际贸易不到20%的份额。
2017年西南政法大学英语2017（含答案）考博真题博士研究生入学考试试题
2017年西南政法大学英语2017（含答案）考博真题博士研究生入学考试试题西南政法大学考博英语历年试题西南政法大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题学科专业：各专业考试科目：1001英语（100分）考生注意：请在答题纸上答题，在试题上答题不给分。
试题和答题纸同时交回，否则成绩无效。
基础英语部分（70分）Part I Vocabulary (10 points, 0.5 point for each)Directions:Choose the word that best completes the following sentences.1. A camera takes light rays ______ off subjects and focuses them on a sheet of film.A. disguisedB. definedC. bouncedD. incorporated2. A coat of paint will develop small cracks as it ______ over time.A. peelsB. shrinksC. hardensD. fades3.If you reveal your friend’s secrets, you will ______ him.A. lureB. disturbC. alienateD. control4.If you ______ your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want.A. conductB. dismissC. grantD. moderate5.He was extremely ______ by the illness of his daughter.A. agitatedB. exploitedC. influencedD. dominated6.The tremor in his voice ______ his nervousness.A. affirmedB. disguisedC. representedD. revealed7.He is unable to find a post ______ with his ability.A. commensurateB. appropriateC. requisiteD. applicable8.Although I tried to concentrate on the lecture, I was ______ by the noise from the nextroom.A. dissuadedB. avertedC. repressedD. distracted9.His parents gave him many expensive toys as some form of ______ for his lameness andinability to play active games.A. remedyB. compensationC. treatmentD. comfort10.To what extent will future scientific discoveries make possible the ______ of the humanlife span?。
2017年高考英语考前阅读、完型与写作之完型填空专项训练(含解析)
考前阅读、完型与写作之完型填空专项训练一、Years ago, a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever.I met Kurt Kampmeir of Success Motivation Incorporation for breakfast. While we were1 , Kurt asked me, ＂ John, what is your2 for personal growth?Never at a loss for words, I tried to find things in my life that might 3 for growth. I told him about the many activities in which I was 4 . And I went into a 5 about how hard I worked and the gains I was making. I must have talked for ten minutes. Kurt 6 patiently, but then he 7 smiled and said, ＂You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you?＂＂No, I 8 .＂You know,＂ Kurt said simply, ＂growth is not a(n) 9 process.＂And that’s when it 10 me. I wasn’t doing anything 11 to make myself better. And at that moment, I made the 12 : I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my 13 .That night, I talked to my wife about my 14 with Kurt and what I had learned.I 15 her the workbook and tapes Kurt was selling. We 16 that Kurt wasn’t just trying to make a sale. He was offering a 17 for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams.Several important things happened that day. First, we decided to 18 the resources. But more importantly, we made a commitment to 19 together as a couple. From that day on, we learned together, traveled together, and sacrificed together. It was a 20 decision. While too many couples grow apart, we were growing together.1. A. working B. preparing C. thinking D.eating2. A. suggestion B. demand C. plan D. request3. A. appeal B. look C. call D. qualify4. A. involved B. trapped C. lost D. bathed5. A. lecture B. speech C. discussion D. debate6. A. calculated B. listened C. drank D. explained7. A. eagerly B. gradually C. gratefully D.finally8. A. admitted B. interrupted C. apologized D. complained9. A. automatic B. slow C. independent D. changing10. A. confused B. informed C. pleased D. hit11. A. on loan B. on purpose C. on sale D.on balance12 A. comment B. announcement C. decision D. arrangement13. A. life B. progress C. performance D.investment14. A. contract B. conversation C. negotiation D. argument15. A. lent B. sold C. showed D. offered16. A. recalled B. defined C. recognized D. declared17. A. tool B. method C. way D. rule18. A. provide B. buy C. give D. deliver19. A. grow B. survive C. move D. gather20. A. difficult B. random C. firm D. wise 二、Lainey finished third grade. She had good grades and could read 1 grade level, but she did not like to read. On a family car trip, her Aunt Dede pulled outa copy of Harry Potter, as a surprise for her 2 . But Lainey took one look at it, 3 h er eyes, and said, “Borring!”Aunt Dede, a teacher, had read the book to her students, and they loved it. 4 the youngest children in the class were 5 by the story. They 6 with great interest and then 7 joined in grand conversations about Harry`s adventures.“How can you say it`s 8 ? Have you read it? ” asked Aunt Dede.“No, it`s too long and it doesn`t have any 9 .” complained Lainey.“Oh, that`s where you are 10 ;there are lots of pictures. Every page is full of pictures; you just have to read the words to 11 them. It`s like magic.”“Nice try , Aunt Dede,”Lainey replied 12 from the back seat.Another 13 was in order. “Well, if you don’t want to read it, give it14 .Maybe your mom would 15 hearing the story.” The book sailed through the air to Aunt Dede and she began to read it aloud. By the end of the first chapter, 16 were coming from the back seat:“Please read a little 17 .”Lainey is an example of an 18 reader. As shown here, Lainey can become 19 about reading when 20 with literature on topics that interest her, and when the people around her model involvement in the reading process.1. A. within B.on C.to D. above2. A. daughter B.niece C. student D.friend3. A. opened B.dried C.rolled D.shaded4. A. Even B.Still C. Just D.Yet5. A. surprised B.annoyed C. puzzledD.attracted.6. A. read B.told C.listened D.wrote7. A. suspectedly B.anxiously C.calmlyD.enthusiastically8. A. amazing B.boring C.ridiculous D.humorous9. A. pictures B.stories C. adventures D.conversations10. A. crazy B.foolish C. wrong D.different11. A. see B. match C.show D.recognize12. A. sourly B.patiently C. eagerly D.shyly13. A. idea B.try C.belief D.behavior14. A. away B.out C.in D.back15. A. enjoy B.admit C. mind D.finish16. A. decisions B. requests ments D.promises17. A. more clearly B.longer C. louderD.more carefully18. A. Unpleasant B. Innocent C.unwillingD.independent19. A. astonished B.worried C. confusedD.excited20. A. presented B. concerned C.disturbedD.replaced三、It was Mother’s Day and I was shopping at the local supermarket with myfive-year-old son, Tenyson. As we were 1 , we realized that only minutes earlieran 2 woman had fallen over at the entrance and hit her head on the ground. 3 was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearlyin shock. 4 a lot of people stopped to help out.5 we were walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very6 about what had happened to the elderly couple. He7 to me, “Mom, it’s not much fun falling over in front of8 .” Seeing that there was a flower stall（摊位）at the front of the supermarket, he added, “Why shouldn’t we 9 the lady a flower? It will make her feel better.” I was 10 that he’d come up with this11 idea. So we went over and told the flower seller 12 we wanted. “Just take it,” she replied. “I 13 take your money for such a wonderful 14 .”By now medical staff had arrived, and were 15 the injured woman. We gavethe flower to the woman’s husband and I told him it was 16 my son. At that,the old man started crying and said, “Thank you very much.” He then turned to me, “You have a 17 son. Happy Mother’s Day to you.”The man bent down and gave his wife the flower, telling ger who it was from.18 being badly hurt, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with 19 in her eyesand gave him a little 20 .1. A. leaving B. driving C. moving D. stopping2. A. injured B. awkward C. honest D. elderly3. A. Her husband B. My sonC. The crowdD. The seller4. A. Specifically B. Particularly C. Interestingly D. Fortunately5. A. If B. Since C. While D. Unless6. A. guilty B. curious C. angry D. worried7. A. complained B. said C. lied D. responded8. A. no one B. someone C. everyone D. anyone9. A. lend B. bring C. leave D. buy10.A. amazed B. shocked C. puzzled D. concerned11. A. wise B. sweet C. innocent D. crazy12. A. which B. when C. what D. whether13. A. must not B. can’t C. may not D. needn’t14. A. scene B. habit C. flower D. deed15. A. checking with B. looking afterC. operating onD. paying for16. A. from B. to C. with D. about17. A. respectful B. cheerful C. successful D. wonderful18. A. Out of B. Regardless of C. Thanks to D. As to19. A. love B. hope C. pity D. pain20. A. idea B. money C. smile D. comfort 四、We live in a fast-paced and anxiety-filled world that oftentimes seems to shift beneath our feet. Thus we are sometimes affected by fears or anxiety impacting our life. For as long as I could remember I had struggled with anxiety. After I left university, I made friends with a Moroccan woman at work. One day she invited medifferent. I was 23 years old and had never been out of the UK alone. The journeyMorocco.family had arranged a welcome party. The people were so loving toward me. As a momentWaking up the next day, in the morning light, I saw the area where we were. IIn the days afterwards, I traveled around Morocco. We went to Marrakeshfruits and vegetables.I had not felt anxious for nearly two weeks.Experiencing a different culture far away from home helped me to realize what isI found in Morocco.1. A. send B. consult C. call D. visit2. A. alone B. soon C. free D. safe3. A. work B. curiosity C. homesickness D. worries4. A. appeared B. hit C. struck D. occurred5. A. impress B. control C. reach D. persuade6. A. enjoy B. experience C. take D. experiment7. A. changed B. moved C. supported D.impressed8. A. achievement B. fear C. disappointment D. embarrassment9. A. good B. ashamed C. afraid D. proud10. A. sorry B. confused C. confident D. thankful11. A. doubt B. luck C. love D. surprise12 A. improve B. hold C. protect D. reduce13. A. inspired B. moved C. pleased D. shocked14. A. lands B. difficulties C. resources D. friends15. A. discovered B. explored C. examined D. recognized16. A. opportunity B. rush C. stay D. life17. A. rules B. exists C. matters D. hurts18 A. disappeared B. expanded C. remained D. removed19. A. expressing B. challenging C. forgetting D. remembering20. A. drop B. notice C. pass D. overcome五、Like any good mother, when Karen found out that another baby was on the way, she did what she could to help her three-year-old son, Michael, prepare for a newbaby. They found out that it was going to be a girl, and day after day, night afterbuilding a bond of love with his little sister before he even met her.The pregnancydelivery. Finally, Michael’s little sister was born. But she was inthe infant(婴儿) to the Intensive Care unit at St. Mary’s Hospital in Knoxville, Tennessee. 6 inched by. The little girl got worse. The doctors told the parents, “There is very little hope.” Karen and her husband contacted a localhome for the new baby — now they planned a funeral.After two weeks in Intensive Care, it looked as if a funeral wouldit or not. If he didn’t see his sister now, he may never see her alive.He looked like a walking laundry basket, but the headnot leaving until he sings to his sister!” Karen towed Michael to his sister’s“You are m y sunshine, my only sunshine, you make me happy when skies are“Keep on singing, Michael.” encouraged Karen. “You never know, dear, how much I love you. Please don’t take my sunshine away…”As Michael sang to his sister,the baby's breath became as smooth as a kitten’s purr.“Keep on singing, Michael.” “The other night, dear, as I lay sleeping…” Michael’s little sister relaxed as rest, healing rest, seemed to sweep over her.girl was well enough to go home!The medical staff just called it a miracle. Karen called it a miracle of God’s love!1. A. talked B. sang C. played D. whispered2. A. quietly B. peacefully C. hopefully D. normally3. A. arose B. raised C. rose D. aroused4. A. situation B. place C. condition D. position5. A. took B. sent C. carried D. rushed6. A. The years B. The months C. The weeks D. The days7. A. fixed up B. made up C. built up D. set up8. A. until B. before C. after D. when9. A. asked B. allowed C. admitted D. acquired10. A. no matter B. even if C. whether D. as if11. A. put B. dressed C. wore D. fit12. A. marched B. forced C. hid D. followed13. A. required B. replied C. recognized D. regarded14. A. warm-hearted B. well-managed C. mild-mannered D. cold-blooded15. A. firm B. strong C. hard D. tough16. A. losing B. lost C. to lose D. having lost17. A. In B. On C.At D. With18. A. Finally B. Instantly C. Patiently D. Interestingly19. A. calm B. quiet C. slow D. fast20. A. erased B. scratched C. abandoned D. switched六、I w as required to read one of Bernie Siegel’s books in college and was hookedon his positivity from that moment on. The stories of his unconventional 1 and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so 2 to me and had such a big 3 on how I saw life from then on. Who knew that so many years later I would lookto Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to 4 my own cancer experience?I’m an ambitious 5 , and when I started going through chemo (化疗) , even though I’m a very 6 person, I lost my drive to write. I was just too tired and not in the 7 . One day, while waiting to go in for 8 , I had one of Dr. Bernie’s books in my hand. Another pa tient 9 what I was reading and struck upa conversation with me 10 he had one of his books with him as well. It 11 that among other things, he was an eighty-year-old writer. He was 12 a published author, and he was currently 13 on a new book.We would see each other at various times and 14 friends. Sometimes he worea duck hat, and I would tell myself, he was definitely a(n) 15 of Dr. Bernie. He really put a 16 on my face. He unfortunately 17 last year due to his cancer, 18 he left a deep impression on me and gave me the 19 to pick up my pen again. I 20 to myself, “If he can do it, then so can I.”1. A. tastes B. ideas C. notes D. memories2. A. amazing B. shocking C. amusing D. strange3. A. strike B. push C. challengeD. impact4. A. learn from B. go over C. get throughD. refer to5. A. reader B. writer C. editor D. doctor6. A. positive B. agreeable C. humorous D. honest7. A. mood B. position C. state D. way8. A. advice B. reference C. protectionD. treatment9. A. viewed B. knew C. noticed D. wondered10. A. while B. because C. although D. providing11. A. came out B. worked out C. proved out D. turned out12. A. naturally B. merely C. hopefullyD. actually13. A. deciding B. investing C. working D. relying14. A. became B. helped C. missed D. visited15. A. patient B. operator C. fan D. publisher16. A. sign B. smile C. mark D. mask17. A. showed up B. set off C. fell downD. passed away18. A. since B. but C. so D. for19. A. guidance B. trust C. opportunityD. inspiration20. A. promised B. swore C. thought D. replied一、【解析】1. D 考查动词辨析。
考博英语万能作文
考博英语万能作文开头万能公式1( 开头万能公式一:名人名言有人问了，―我没有记住名言，怎么办,尤其是英语名言,‖，很好办:编～原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦～而且没准将来我们就是名人呢～对吧, 经典句型:A proberb says, ― You are only young once.‖ (适用于已记住的名言)It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自编名言)更多经典句型:As everyone knows, No one can deny that…2( 开头万能公式二:数字统计原理:要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。
所以不妨试用下面的句型: According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after theirgraduation.看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造:Honesty:根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。
Travel by Bike:根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。
Youth:根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?:根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
更多句型:A recent statistics shows that …结尾万能公式1( 结尾万能公式一:如此结论说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个―总而言之‖之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。
(完整版)考博英语作文写作模板经典整理
考博英语作文一、亮眼首句1. As is symbolically illustrated in the cartoon …（[sɪm'bɒlɪkli] 象征地；象征性地；['ɪləstreɪtɪd] n. 有插画的报章杂志adj. 有插图的v. 阐明；举例说明；给…加插图）2. As is shown in the pie chart（饼图）…这两个句式用as引导的非限定性定语从句引出图画或图表内容，意为"漫画以象征的手法为我们阐述了一个观点……"，"正如饼状图显示的那样……"。
3. From the picture we can see…该句式中的亮点是将介词短语做状语置于句首，不影响句子的整体结构。
4. Portrayed in the set of drawings above are/is…（[pɔː'treɪ] 描写；描绘；饰演）上边一组图画描绘了……●It is difficult to portray feelings in words（[wɜːdz]）.感情很难用言语来描写。
●The book portrays the life of an actor.这本书描述了一个演员的一生。
5. Emerging from the drawing is a miracle（['mɪrəkl]奇迹）:…[ɪ'mɝdʒɪŋ]adj. 新兴的；出现的；形成的v. 形成；浮现；显露（emerge的ing形式）；由…中脱出6. Described by the bar chart above are/is…（条形图）这三个句式都是倒装结构，非常漂亮。
放在篇首，能够在茫茫考卷中，吸引眼球。
7. The cartoonist laid out the image elaborately, placing...at the center of picture.（漫画家精心地描绘了这幅画，位于……图片的中心）8. The implication conveyed in the cartoon is that…（漫画传达的意思是……）这两个句式中使用了分词结构placing…和conveyed。
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专业 ▪ 权威 ▪ 轻松 ▪ 快乐 2017年考博英语专项训练写作
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前 言 考博，英语是必考科目。对很多人来说，英语是通向博士研究生之路的最大难关。每年都有很多专业课非常优秀、业务能力非常强的人因为英语不过关而与博士无缘，导师惋惜，考生遗憾。旭晨考博的辅导团队，深刻理解考生在备考过程中存在的问题，深度把握考博英语的命题规律，集多年考博英语辅导经验，精心编写《考博英语一本通系列》丛书、《旭晨考博英语专项训练系列》丛书。 《旭晨考博英语一本通》系列丛书分学校编写，目前已经推出的有北大、清华、人大、复旦、中国科学院、中国社会科学院、上海交大、北京航空航天大学、武汉大学、厦门大学、财政部财科所、以及医学类、综合类（其它院校通用）等几十所院校。 《旭晨考博英语专项训练》系列丛书紧扣考博英语考试测查的重点，分词汇、阅读、完形、翻译、写作等专项进行训练，包括《旭晨考博英语词汇10000详解》、《旭晨考博英语阅读理解精练220篇》、《旭晨考博英语专项训练：完形》、《旭晨考博英语专项训练：翻译》、《旭晨考博英语专项训练：写作》。 本书是旭晨教育《考博英语专项训练》系列丛书之一。写作是博士研究生入学考试英语试题中必考项目，在大部分的高校中的考博英语考试中占的分值很高，至少15分，甚至到25分，足见的写作在考博英语考试中地位所在。在复习英语时，把写作部分重点突击，对于提高考试的整体英语水平具有重要意义。 《考博英语专项训练：写作》一书有三部分组成： 第一部分是考博英语写作备考方略。为考生提供一些常用的写作方法和技巧。写作是一门综合性很强的部分，涉及的理论技巧也是林林总总。这部分是为考生精心提炼的考博英语写作方法。并结合实例讲解，脉络清晰，条理分明，简单实用。 第二部分是考博英语写作真题精选。精选国内部分高校的历年考博英语31道真题，提供最精的参考范文，对考博英语中练习写作提供了很好的材料。 第三部分是考博英语写作拓展练习。本部分是为考生提高一些写作的练习材料，共30篇专项练习，考生可以用这些题多练习各种题目的写作文章。 编辑此书的初衷是力求提高考试的应试水平和写作能力，不辜负考试的期望和追求知识的挚诚。本书在编写过程中，得到了许多院校老师们的指导，引用和参照了大量最新资料，得到了许多考博朋友的热心支持，在此编写组向他们表示衷心感谢！由于时间仓促及编者水平有限，不足之处在所难免，敬请读者批评指正。 专业 ▪ 权威 ▪ 轻松 ▪ 快乐 2017年考博英语专项训练写作
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目录第一部分 考博英语写作备考方略 ............ 3 一、提纲作文 .......................................... 3 二、看图作文 .......................................... 7 第二部分 考博英语写作真题精选 .......... 10 PASSAGE 1.................................................. 10 PASSAGE 2.................................................. 11 PASSAGE 3.................................................. 11 PASSAGE 4.................................................. 11 PASSAGE 5.................................................. 11 PASSAGE 6.................................................. 11 PASSAGE 7.................................................. 12 PASSAGE 8.................................................. 12 PASSAGE 9.................................................. 12 PASSAGE 10 ............................................... 12 PASSAGE 11 ............................................... 13 PASSAGE 12 ............................................... 13 PASSAGE 13 ............................................... 13 PASSAGE 14 ............................................... 13 PASSAGE 15 ............................................... 14 PASSAGE 16 ............................................... 14 PASSAGE 17 ............................................... 14 PASSAGE 18 ............................................... 14 PASSAGE 19 ............................................... 14 PASSAGE 20 ............................................... 15 PASSAGE 21 ............................................... 15 PASSAGE 22 ............................................... 15 PASSAGE 23 ............................................... 16 PASSAGE 24 ............................................... 16 PASSAGE 25 ............................................... 16 PASSAGE 26 ............................................... 16 PASSAGE 27 ............................................... 16 PASSAGE 28 ............................................... 17 PASSAGE 29 ............................................... 17 PASSAGE 30 ............................................... 17 PASSAGE 31 ............................................... 17 真题精选参考范文 ................................... 18
第三部分 考博英语写作拓展练习 .......... 38
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