【医学英文课件】 Understanding Radiation Therapy
膀胱癌英文版精品医学课件

Bladder cancer is a common malignancy in the urinary system, with a high recurrence rate and a risk of metastasis. It is important to diagnose and treat bladder cancer early.
Cancer cells have spread to other organs such as the lungs, liver, or bones
Generally considered incurable, but may be treated with palliative care to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life
Radical cystectomy: A more extensive surgery that removes the entire bladder, surrounding lymph nodes, and some adjacent organs. This is usually done in a hospital setting and requires a long recovery time.
Non-invasive and can be treated with bladder保留治 疗 (BLM) or bladder removal surgery (BLR)
Staging Evaluation
Stage I: invasion of lamina propria (T1)
Cancer cells have invaded the layer of tissue just
放疗领域英文缩写

肿瘤放射治疗领域常用英文缩写肿瘤放射治疗领域常用英文缩写:1 RT(Radiotherapy,Radiation Therapy)放疗或放射治疗:放射治疗是利用放射线治疗肿瘤的一种方法,是当今治疗肿瘤的三大手段之一。
据统计,大约有60~70%恶性肿瘤患者需要接受放射治疗。
有些恶性肿瘤通过放疗可以得到根治,并可能获得同类同期肿瘤的手术治疗的疗效,且可保存所在的器官及其功能。
2 IMRT(Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy)强调放射治疗:调强放射治疗与以往放射治疗技术不同,它通过调节各个方向照射野的野内射线的强度产生非均匀照射野,达到肿瘤的高剂量三维适形分布和危及器官的低剂量分布,从而提高肿瘤的照射剂量,尽可能地减少危及器官和正常组织的受量,最终提高肿瘤局部的控制率,改善肿瘤患者的生存质量。
3MLC(MultiLeaf Collimator)多叶准直器或多叶光栅:MLC最初设计主要是用于替代射野挡铅,后来发展成了IMRT的基础,控制叶片运动可实现静态MLC和动态MLC调强。
4QA & QC(Quality Assurance & Quality Control)质量保证和质量控制:放射治疗的QA是指经过周密计划而采取的一系列必要的措施,保证放射治疗的整个服务过程中的各个环节按国际标准准确安全的执行。
这个简单的定义意味着质量保证有两个重要内容:质量评定,即按一定标准度量和评价整个治疗过程中的服务质量和治疗效果;质量控制,即采取必要的措施保证QA的执行,并不断修改服务过程中的某些环节,达到新的QA级水平。
5SAD(Source to Axis Distance)源轴距:放射源到机架旋转或机器等中心的距离。
3DCRT、X刀、IMRT等技术都采用SAD技术,国内常规放疗正在普及SAD等中心照射技术。
6SSD(Source to Surface Distance)源皮距:放射源到模体表面照射野中心的距离。
医学常用治疗方法英文翻译

医学常用治疗方法英文翻译Medical Common Treatment Methods - English TranslationIntroduction:In the field of medicine, there are various treatment methods that physicians utilize to address different health conditions. This article aims to provide an English translation of commonly used medical treatment methods.1. Medication Therapy:Medication therapy involves the use of drugs to treat or manage various medical conditions. This approach typically requires a thorough understanding of the specific medication, its dosage, and possible side effects. Medications can be administered orally, topically, or intravenously.2. Surgical Intervention:Surgical intervention refers to the use of operative procedures to treat a specific medical condition. Surgeons perform surgeries to remove tumors, repair injuries, transplant organs, or correct anatomical abnormalities. These procedures are often carried out in a sterile operating room environment.3. Physical Therapy:Physical therapy utilizes special exercises, heat, cold, massage, and other techniques to treat injuries or improve physical function. It aims to restore mobility, alleviate pain, and enhance overall well-being. Physical therapists work closely with patients to create tailored treatment plans.4. Psychotherapy:Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, is a treatment method that involves the use of psychological techniques to address mental health issues. This approach helps individuals understand their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, enabling them to develop healthier coping mechanisms and improve their mental well-being.5. Radiation Therapy:Radiation therapy is commonly used for the treatment of cancer. It involves the use of high-energy radiation to target and destroy cancer cells. This treatment can be delivered externally using machines or internally through radioactive implants, depending on the specific condition being addressed.6. Rehabilitation:Rehabilitation is a comprehensive approach to helping individuals recover from injuries, surgeries, or other medical conditions. It typically involves a multidisciplinary team, including physical therapists, occupational therapists, and speech therapists, who work together to maximize the patient's functional abilities and improve their quality of life.7. Alternative Medicine:Alternative medicine refers to treatment methods that fall outside the traditional realm of Western medicine. Examples include acupuncture, herbal medicine, chiropractic care, and homeopathy. While the effectiveness of alternative medicine varies, some individuals find these approaches helpful in managing their health conditions.8. Complementary Medicine:Complementary medicine is often used in conjunction with traditional medical treatments to enhance their effectiveness or relieve side effects. Examples include using acupuncture to manage pain during cancer treatment or incorporating yoga and meditation to reduce stress and anxiety.Conclusion:Understanding different medical treatment methods is essential for both healthcare professionals and individuals seeking medical care. This English translation provides an overview of commonly used treatment approaches, emphasizing the importance of individualized care and a multidisciplinary approach to promoting wellness and addressing health concerns.。
放疗专业英语名词

RTRadiotherapy,Radiation Therapy放疗,放射治疗IMRTIntensity Modulated Radiation Therapy调强放射治疗MLCMultiLeaf Collimator多叶准直器,多叶光栅QA & QCQuality Assurance & Quality Control质量保证和质量控制AAPMAmerican Association of Physicists in Medicine美国医学物理学家协会SADSource to Axis Distance源轴距SADSource to Axis Distance源轴距放射源到机架旋转或机器等中心的距离。
SSDSource to Surface Distance源皮距放射源到模体表面照射野中心的距离。
3DCRT、X刀、IMRT等技术都采用SAD技术,国内常规放疗正在普及SAD等中心照射技术,希望大家能尽早放弃SSD技术,只在某些特定情况下采用SSD技术。
PDDPercentage Depth Dose百分深度剂量定义为射野中心轴上某一深度处的吸收剂量率与参考点深度处剂量率的百分比。
对于高能X (γ)射线,参考深度一般取在射野中心轴上最大剂量点深度处。
TMRTissue Maximum Ratio组织最大剂量比定义为模体中射野中心轴上任意一点的剂量率与空间同一点模体中射野中心轴上最大剂量点深度处同一射野的剂量率之比。
LALinear Accelerator直线加速器DVHDose V olume Histogram剂量体积直方图三维治疗计划系统中用DVH表示某感兴趣区域如靶区或OAR的体积内有多少体积受到多高剂量的照射。
DVH是评估计划设计方案的最有力的工具,根据DVH图可以直接评估高剂量区与靶区的适合度。
但是,考虑到串型器官的耐受剂量特性,DVH应该与相应计划的等剂量分布图结合来综合评估。
肿瘤放射治疗PPT课件【可编辑全文】

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细胞照射后的存活曲线-氧效应
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正常组织和肿瘤细胞在分次照射 中的4个变化(4R)
肿瘤细胞放射损伤的修复(Repair)
致死性损伤
亚致死性损伤
潜在致死性损伤
肿瘤细胞的再增殖(Regeneration)
残存细胞加速再增殖、G0期细胞进入增殖周期
细胞周期再分布(Redistribution) G2
电
离
辐
电子
射
中子
粒子辐射
质子
加 速
器
负π介子
重粒子LETຫໍສະໝຸດ LET远距离治疗 低
近距离治疗
射 线
高
远距离治疗
射 线
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放射物理学及放疗设备
1. 电离辐射与物质作用 2. 放射源与放射治疗设备 3. 放射剂量单位 4. 放射治疗剂量学四原则
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一.电离辐射和物质作用
能够使物质发生电离的射线称为电离辐射线 电离是射线引起物质物理、化学变化及生物效 应的主要机制。 带电粒子辐射: α粒子、β粒子等 非带电粒子辐射:X射线、 γ射线、中子等
疗程时间 影响大
影响大
影响小
总剂量
影响大
影响大
影响大
放疗原则:以较小的分割剂量、在尽可能短的总疗
程内给予一定的总剂量。
照射(重要器官的保护)
Cancer Center 26 SUMS
三 高能电子束临床剂量学特点
射程深度与能量成正比; 一定深度内剂量分布较 均匀,超过一定深度后 剂量迅速下降; 骨、脂肪、肌肉对电子 线吸收差别不显著; 可用单野作浅表或偏心 部位肿瘤的照射。
电子束深度剂量曲线
放射物理学
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放射性皮肤病ppt课件

恢复期:红斑区片状脱屑,感觉逐渐恢复,色素沉着,
皮肤干燥,不会遗留有功能障碍。
Ⅲ度:水疱反应
★ β射线照射>10 Gy ★ 临床表现
皮肤放射损伤的分类
★按临床经过分类:
(熟悉)
急性皮肤放射损伤:一次或多次大剂量电离辐射局部照射 亚急性皮肤放射损伤:大剂量分次照射局部皮肤 慢性皮肤放射损伤:长期受到超剂量当量限值的照射 特殊类型皮肤放射损伤:射线诱发皮肤发疹性疾病
★按接触放射源的性质分:
X、γ射线照射引起皮肤放射损伤:钴源和X线机操作人员或
者受 X、 γ射线检查和治疗的病人 β射线照射引起皮肤放射损伤:β粒子直接污染皮肤表面
第二节 影响皮肤放射损伤的因素
(熟悉)
★射线的种类和剂量
★剂量率与间隔时间
★受照面积
★生物因素
★理化因素
★射线的种类和剂量
软射线:能量低、电离密度高、穿透能力弱、皮肤
浅层组织吸收,易引起表层组织损伤(软β射线 、 低能量X射线 )
第十六章 放 射 性 皮肤 病
第一节 概述
定义(掌握)
电离辐射对皮肤直接作用引起的损伤叫皮肤 放射损伤(radiation injury of skin),或称皮 肤放射烧伤(radiation burn of skin) 。
• 身体局部短时间内受到大剂量电离辐射或长期受 到超剂量当量限值的照射后,受照部位发生的皮 肤损失叫皮肤放射损伤
水疱和大疱(小水疱--大水疱)--水疱破裂,溃疡面,表面有 渗出液,易继发感染。附近淋巴结肿大,明显触痛,全身症 状明显。皮肤附属器官损伤严重,照后2周可出现脱毛,汗腺, 皮脂腺的变性和萎缩,汗腺分泌功能障碍.
皮肤放射性损伤 ppt课件
ppt课件
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学习内容和重点
皮肤放射损伤概述:定义、发生场合、 类型
病理特点和临床表现 处理原则和治疗方法
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精品资料
• 你怎么称呼老师?
• 如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点,你 是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进?
• 你所经历的课堂,是讲座式还是讨论式? • 教师的教鞭
极期:
Ⅱ度—真性红斑(淡红色-棕色,边界清晰)
瘙痒、灼热刺痛、局部肿胀 脱毛(发)
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急性. Ⅲ 度
真性红斑、肿胀、刺痛、麻木
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2、 四期临床表现
极期: Ⅲ度—真性红斑(紫红色)
剧痛(伴烧灼感) 水泡(破溃糜烂)
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急性 . Ⅲ度 . 水泡
日本原子弹爆炸后,在爆心下风向的
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Ⅳ. Diagnosis
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(一) 病史
主要依据:
放射性落下灰沾染情况 长期从事放射性工作史 个人防护条件 损伤的局部表现 发展的缓急等
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(二) 诊断标准
急性放射性皮肤损伤
分度 初期反应期 假愈期 反应期
参考剂量
I度 红肿痒痛 2周以上
Ⅱ度 红肿痒痛 Ⅲ度 同上,严重 Ⅳ度 同上+麻木
一般无功能障碍
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2、 四期临床表现
恢复期 Ⅱ- 度: 病程1~3月
水泡、糜烂 结痂 瘢痕 色素沉着、脱色(难恢复) 变薄、干燥、无弹性、易皲裂
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2、 四期临床表现
恢复期 Ⅳ 度: 病程极长(数年)
溃疡愈合 瘢痕 色素沉着与脱色交错 对刺激很敏感 干燥、萎缩、角化、皲裂
西医放射科术语英文翻译
西医放射科术语英文翻译以下是50个常见的西医放射科术语英文翻译:1. 放射学:Radiology2. 放射诊断:Radiologic Diagnosis3. 放射治疗:Radiation Therapy4. 影像学:Imaging5. X射线:X-ray6. 计算机断层扫描:Computed Tomography (CT)7. 核磁共振成像:Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)8. 超声检查:Ultrasound Imaging9. 数字减影血管造影:Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)10. 正电子发射断层扫描:Positron Emission Tomography (PET)11. 单光子发射计算机断层扫描:Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)12. 荧光透视:Fluoroscopy13. X射线造影剂:X-ray Contrast Media14. CT灌注成像:CT Perfusion Imaging15. 分子影像学:Molecular Imaging16. 功能影像学:Functional Imaging17. 骨密度测量:Bone Density Measurement18. 乳腺摄影:Mammography19. 介入放射学:Interventional Radiology20. 放射性核素成像:Radioisotope Imaging21. 核医学:Nuclear Medicine22. 影像归档和通信系统(PACS):Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)23. 放射剂量:Radiation Dose24. 辐射防护:Radiation Protection25. 放射性衰变:Radioactive Decay26. 辐射单位:Radiation Units27. 图像重建算法:Image Reconstruction Algorithms28. CT值:CT Density Values29. MRI信号强度:MRI Signal Intensity30. X射线滤过器:X-ray Filters31. 影像增强器:Image Intensifiers32. 闪烁器:Scintillators33. 高压发生器:High-Voltage Generators34. 血管造影导管:Angiographic Catheters35. 放射性示踪剂:Radioactive Tracers36. 正电子药物:Positron-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals37. 单光子药物:Single Photon-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals38. SPECT显像剂:SPECT Imaging Agents39. CT灌注成像剂:CT Perfusion Imaging Agents40. MRI对比剂:MRI Contrast Agents41. 介入治疗设备:Interventional Therapy Equipment42. 数字乳腺X光机:Digital Mammography Machines43. X射线透视系统:X-ray Fluoroscopy Systems44. 放射治疗计划系统:Radiation Therapy Planning Systems45. 放射治疗设备:Radiation Therapy Equipment46. 质子治疗系统:Proton Therapy Systems47. 重离子治疗系统:Heavy Ion Therapy Systems48. 光子治疗系统:Photon Therapy Systems49. 三维打印在放射科的应用:3D Printing in Radiology Applications。
放疗技术第一章1_PPT课件
适形放射治疗
1965年日本学者高桥及松田等人首先提出了原体照射的 概念即 conformal radiation therapy,CRT
目前使用的三维适形放射治疗(3一dimensional Conformal radiation therapy,3一DCRT)就是在这个基 础上发展起来的。
瑞典放射物理学家Brahme教授首先提出了调强的概念。 由此发展出调强适形放疗。
医生在放疗专用计算机计划系统中制定放射治疗计划,理论的治疗 计划需要在实际的条件下进行验证是否可行,制定完成的放疗计划需 要在治疗室进行复位,对计划进行复核。
在治疗室拍摄验证片确定无误后即可开始进行治疗。为了保证病 人的放疗计划的质量,我们会进行一系列的措施,这包括:对每个治 疗计划进行讨论复核、剂量验证等。另外我们会定期检查维护机器设 备,使其维持在最佳的工作状态。
瑞典放射物理瑞典放射物理学家Brahme教授首先提出了调强的概念学家Brahme教授 首先提出了调强的概念
近距离治疗的发展
20世纪70年代至80年代,放射物理学、剂量学、计算机技 术以及影像技术的发展,极大地提高了近距离治疗的精度, 改善了正常组织的防护和剂量分布。
后装技术的进一步发展及低能192铱源的使用,明显地减少 了操作人员的受线量,也方便了病人的护理。
放疗实施
上述准备工作全部完成且核对无误,才可实施真正的放射治疗。任 何一个环节出现超过允许程度的误差,医生、物理师、技师还要寻找 原因,予以纠正,保证准确无误后方可继续治疗。
放射治疗一般由2-3位技师共同完成,一位在操作室输入放射治疗 参数,另外两位在机房内进行摆位,按照标记线摆好病人,加入挡块 ,楔形板,凡士林油纱等需要的辅助器材之后就可以离开机房。治疗 中开启病人监视ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้统和对讲系统,密切监视病人体位是否移动,如果 发现病人体位移动或发出求助信息,应立即停止治疗并做相应处理, 纠正后再行照射。
放疗专业英语名词
RTRadiotherapy,Radiation Therapy放疗,放射治疗IMRTIntensity Modulated Radiation Therapy调强放射治疗MLCMultiLeaf Collimator多叶准直器,多叶光栅QA & QCQuality Assurance & Quality Control质量保证和质量控制AAPMAmerican Association of Physicists in Medicine美国医学物理学家协会SADSource to Axis Distance源轴距SADSource to Axis Distance源轴距放射源到机架旋转或机器等中心的距离。
SSDSource to Surface Distance源皮距放射源到模体表面照射野中心的距离。
3DCRT、X刀、IMRT等技术都采用SAD技术,国内常规放疗正在普及SAD等中心照射技术,希望大家能尽早放弃SSD技术,只在某些特定情况下采用SSD技术。
PDDPercentage Depth Dose百分深度剂量定义为射野中心轴上某一深度处的吸收剂量率与参考点深度处剂量率的百分比。
对于高能X (γ)射线,参考深度一般取在射野中心轴上最大剂量点深度处。
TMRTissue Maximum Ratio组织最大剂量比定义为模体中射野中心轴上任意一点的剂量率与空间同一点模体中射野中心轴上最大剂量点深度处同一射野的剂量率之比。
LALinear Accelerator直线加速器DVHDose V olume Histogram剂量体积直方图三维治疗计划系统中用DVH表示某感兴趣区域如靶区或OAR的体积内有多少体积受到多高剂量的照射。
DVH是评估计划设计方案的最有力的工具,根据DVH图可以直接评估高剂量区与靶区的适合度。
但是,考虑到串型器官的耐受剂量特性,DVH应该与相应计划的等剂量分布图结合来综合评估。
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Radiation oncologists are doctors trained to use radiation to treat cancer.
Patient being treated with modern radiation therapy equipment.
Brief History of Radiation Therapy
The first patient was treated with radiation therapy in 1896, just two months after the discovery of the X-ray.
Rapid technology advances began in the early 1950s, with the invention of the linear accelerator.
[AS – Show a picture of a modern Linear accelerator]
Planning and treatment delivery advances have enabled radiation therapy to be more effective and precise, while decreasing the severity of side effects.
The linear accelerator is still used today to deliver external beam radiation therapy.
Is Radiation Therapy Safe?
New advances in technology and treatment delivery continue to make radiation safe and effective.
Radiation Oncologist
• Oversees the radiation therapy treatments, including working with other members of the radiation therapy team to develop the treatment plan and ensure that each treatment is given safely and accurately.
• Reduce the risk that cancer will return after surgery or chemotherapy.
• Shrink the cancer before surgery.
For palliation (to reduce symptoms):
• Shrink tumors affecting quality of life, like a lung tumor that is causing shortness of breath.
Medical Radiation Physicist
• Ensures that complex treatment plans are properly tailored for each patient and directs quality control programs for equipment and procedures.
Radiation therapy has been an effective tool for treating cancer for more than 100 years.
About two-thirds of all cancer patients will receive radiation therapy as part of their treatment.
Understanding Radiation Therapy
For Patients, Care Givers and the General Public
Introduction to Radiation Oncology
Radiation therapy, or radiotherapy, is the use of various forms of radiation to safely and effectively treat and other diseases.
A team of medical professionals develop and review the treatment plan for each patient to minimize side effects and assure that the area where the cancer is located is receiving the dose of radiation needed.
• Alleviate pain or neurologic symptoms by reducing the size of a tumor.
Meet the Radiation Oncology Team
A team of highly trained medical professionals work together to make sure you receive the best possible care while you are undergoing radiation therapy.
The treatment plan and equipment are constantly reviewed to ensure the proper treatment is being given.
Why Use Radiation Therapy?
To cure cancer:
• Destroy tumors that have not spread to other body parts.