2019年大学英语四级词汇讲解：sustain.doc
考研英语词汇复习（13）remain、retain、sustain、maintain
考研英语词汇复习（13）remain、retain、sustain、maintain考研英语词汇复习（13）动词remain、 retain、 sustain、maintain佳中remainretain这两个动词都含“保留”的意思。
remain 是不及物动词或作系动词。
1) After his house was burned down in the big fire, very little of his properties remained.（他的房子被大火烧毁后，没有什么财产留下来。
）2) His condition remained the same. There has been no significant change ever since his admission.（他的病情仍然如此，入院以来没有明显的改变。
）retain是及物动词。
1) No substance can retain moisture indefinitely when exposed to great heat; the majority will evaporate.(当受到高热时，没有物质能无限期保持湿度，大多数物质会蒸发。
)2) Short-term memories are retained only for a few minutes,not permanently stored in the brain.（短期记忆保留只有几分钟,不能永久储存在大脑。
）sustainmaintain这两个动词都含“维持”、“保持”的意思。
sustain 的原意是“支撑”，常引申出维持生命或保持某动作。
1) Seeing the branches could hardly sustain the weight of the apples, the old man found some poles with which to support them.（看到树枝难以支撑苹果的重量，老人找来一些木杆将树支撑起来。
英语四级分类词汇
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(to)反应；反作用exact a. 确切的，精确的exactly ad. 确切地；恰恰正是，确实interaction n. 相互作用，相互影响inter=between,amo nginterfere vi. 干涉，介入；阻碍，干扰interference n. 干涉，介入；阻碍，干扰interior a. 内部的；内地的，国内的n. 内部；内地intermediate a. 中间的；中级的n. 中间体，媒介物interpret vt. 解释，说明vi. 口译，翻译interpretation n. 解释，口译interpreter n. 译员，口译者interview n./v. 接见，会见；面谈，面试interval n. 间隔，间距；（幕间）休息internal a. 内的，内部的；国内的，内政的相关单词external a. 外部的，外面的ex-=fully,outexterior a. 外部的，外面的n. 外部explain v. 解释，说明example n. 例子；榜样，模范形近单词sample vt. 抽样，取样Smart词汇记忆组群2block n.街区；木块；障碍物；vt.堵塞，拦阻barrier n.屏障；障碍bar=bar(横木)embarrass vt.使窘迫，使为难bar n.酒吧间，售酒的柜台；条，杆；栅，栏；vt.阻止，阻拦barrel n.桶，筒与“容器”相关的单词basin n.盆，洗脸盆；盆地bucket n.水桶，桶drum n.鼓状的桶；鼓pail n.桶，提桶tub n.桶，盆，浴盆jar n.罐子，坛子，广口瓶kettle n.水壶pot n.壶，罐can n.罐头，听头tin n.锡；罐头container n.容器，集装箱tain,ten,tin=tohold,to keep(保持)content n.内容，目录；容量content a.满意的，满足的；vt.使满意，是满足continual a.不停的，频频的continue vt.继续，延伸continuous a.连续不断的，持续的contain vt.包含，容纳attain v.(尤指经过努力)达到，获得entertain vt.招待；是欢乐entertainment n.娱乐fountain n.喷泉maintain vt.维持，保持；赡养，负担；维修，保养；坚持，主张maintenance n.维持，保持；维修，保持obtain vt.获得，得到sustain vt.保持，使......持续不息；供养，维持（生命等）；支持rentain vt.保持，保留形近单词remain vi.剩下；留待；依然是remains n.残余，剩余；遗迹main a.主要的，总的mainly ad.主要地，大体上Smart词汇记忆组群3bio=life(生命)biography n.传记biology n.生物学；生态学log=to speak(说话)catalog(ue) n.目录（册）；vt.将（书籍，资料等）编入目录dialog(ue) n.对话，对白logical a.逻辑上的，符合逻辑的apology n.道歉，认错，谢罪apologize vi.道歉，认错psychological a.心理的，心理学的technology n.工艺，技术techn(o)=art(技艺),skill(技术)technical a.技术的，工艺的technician n.技术员，技师technique n.技术；技艺相关单词science n.科学，科学研究sci=to know(知道)scientific a.科学（上）的scientist n.（自然）科学家unconscious a.不省人事的；未意识到的consciousness n.意识，觉悟conscience n.良心，道德心conscious a.意识到的；有意的；神智清醒的相关单词aware a.知道的，意识到的recognize vt.认识，认出；承认recognition n.认出，识别；承认realize vt.认识到；实现reality n.现实；真实（性）identify vt.认出，识别；（with）把...视为相同，认为...等同于indentical a.（to,with）完全相同的相关单词equal a.（to）相等的；平等的；胜任的n.（地位）相等的人，事物vt.等于，相等；比得上equ=equal(相等)equality n.平等，同等equation n.(with)相等，均衡；方程式，等式equivalent a.相等的，相当的n.相等物，等价物Smart词汇记忆组群4fare=to go(走)welfare n.幸福，福利farewell int.再会n.告别fare n.（车，船）费用，票价相关单词charge vt.费用，价钱；控告，指控；充电v.索价，要...支付；控告，指控；充电car,char=car(车)，torun(跑)discharge vt.允许...离开，释放；排出，放出n.获准离开，释放；排出career n.生涯，职业，经历cargo n.船货，货物carry vt.携带，运载；传递，传输carriage n.四轮马车；（火车）客车厢carrier n.运载工具与“运输工具”相关的单词traffic n.交通，通行；交通量cart n.二轮运货马车coach n.长途公共汽车lorry n.运货汽车，卡车tram n.（有轨）电车van n.大篷车，运货车wagon n.四轮运货马车ambulance n.救护车；野战医院vehicle n.传播媒介，手段；（航天）运载工具；交通工具auto n.（口语）汽车auto-=selfautomatic a.自动的automation n.自动，自动化automobile n.汽车，机动车与“汽车”相关的单词brake vi.刹车，（车）被刹住n.闸，刹车tyre(tire) n.轮胎，车胎wheel n.轮，车轮garage n.车库ride n./v.（乘）车，骑（马）rider n.骑马的人；乘车的人drive vt.驾驶，开动；打人；驱，赶；迫使，驱使vi.驾驶，开车n.驾驶，驱车旅行steer v.驾驶Smart词汇记忆组群5 foreigner n.外国人foreign a.对外的；无关的相关单词local a.地方的；局部的domestic a.本国的；家庭的；驯养的native a.出生地的；本土的，本国的n.本地人，本国人nat=born(出生，天生) nature n.大自然；天性，性质natural a.自然的，正常的；出于本性的，天赋的；自然界的，天然的naturally ad.当然，自然地；天然地，天生地nation n.民族；国家national a.民族的；国家的，全国的international a.国际的，世界（性）的nationality n.国籍；民族，族相关单词world n.世界；世人；世间world-wide a.遍及全球的globe n.地球，世界；地界仪Smart词汇记忆组群6 altitude n.高度，海拔形近单词attitude n.态度，看法；姿势gratitude a.感激，感谢grat,grac,gree=to please(喜好)grateful a.感激的，感谢的agree vi.同意，赞同；相符，一致；（气候，食物等）相宜vt.同意，承认agreement n.协定，协议；同意disagree vi.有分歧；不一致congratulate v.祝贺，向...道喜congratulation n.祝贺；祝贺词grace n.优美，文雅；恩惠，恩赐graceful a.有礼貌的；仁慈的gracious a.有礼貌的；仁慈的相关单词polite a.有礼貌的；有教养的与“友好”相关的单词friendly a.友好的friendship n.友谊friend n.朋友相关单词kindness n.仁慈，好意mercy n.仁慈，宽恕，怜悯pity n.怜悯；遗憾vt.同情，惋惜enthusiasm n.热情，热诚enthusiastic a.热情的，热心的zeal n.热情，热诚zealous n.热心的，热情的goodness n.善良merit n.优点，价值v.值得，应得virtue n.优点，长处；美德moral a.道德的；合乎道德的形近单词humor n.幽默，诙谐humorous a.富于幽默的，诙谐的Smart词汇记忆组群7crazy a.疯狂的，荒唐的；狂热爱好者，着迷的mad a.发疯的；恼火的，狂怒的；狂热的，着迷的相关单词angry a.愤怒的，生气的ang,anxi=tostrangle(勒死；窒息)anger n.发怒vt.激怒anxious a.忧虑的；渴望的anxiety n.焦虑，忧虑；渴望相关单词hunger n.饿，饥饿；渴望与“饥渴”相关的单词hungry a.饥饿的；渴望的thirsty a.渴的；渴望的，渴求的famine n.饥荒starve v.挨饿，使饿死形近单词carve vt.(雕)刻，把...切碎相关单词chop v.砍，劈，斩n.排骨，肉块slit vt.切开，撕开n.裂缝，狭长的口子slice n.薄片，切片；一份，部分vt.切（片）Smart词汇记忆组群8log n.原木，木料lumber n.木材，木料timber n.木材，木料carpenter n.木匠，木工butcher n.屠夫，屠杀者barber n.理发师与“理发，毛发”相关的单词comb v.梳理（头发）；彻底搜查n.梳子razor n.剃刀blade n.刀刃，刀片；叶片shampoo vt.洗(发)n.洗发膏shave vi.修面vt.剃，刮n.刮脸haircut n.理发beard n.胡须frown vi.皱眉brow n.眉，眉毛bristle n.短而硬的毛，鬃毛feather n.羽毛；翎毛；羽状物leather n.皮革；皮革制品fur n.软毛；皮毛，裘皮Smart词汇记忆组群9bond=to bind(捆绑)bond n.联结，联系；公债，债券形近单词bound a.一定的，必然的；受约束的，有义务的；准备到...去的，开往...的v.跳；限制，束缚boundary n.分界线，边界相关单词border v.边，边缘；边界，边境frontier n.边境，边界；边疆；新领域fac,fic,front=face(面部，正面)，forehead(前额)front a.前面的，正面的n.前面，正面；前线，战线face n.脸，面孔；表面，外表superficial a.表面的，肤浅的surface n.表面，外表preface n.序言，前言pre-=before(在...之前)precaution n.预防，预备prejudice n.偏见，成见prevail vi.占优势，获胜；流行Smart词汇记忆组群10junior a.年少的；地位较低的n.晚辈形近单词senior a.年长的；地位较高的n.长辈superior a.较高的，优越的；上级的n.上级，长官prior a.在前的，优先的相关单词foremost a.最初的；第一流的ad.首先，最重要的形近单词therefore ad.因此，所以forecast n./v.预测，预报forehead n.额头，前部head=head(头)head n.头，头部；顶部，前端；首脑，领导v.主管，率领；居...之首；朝特定方向行进ad.迎面地（作状语）heading n.标题，题词headline n.大字标题，［pl.］新闻提要headquarters n.司令部，指挥部；总部headache n.头痛；令人头痛的事与“伤痛”相关的单词ache 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n.排球badminton n.羽毛球cricket n.板球；蟋蟀golf n.高尔夫球racket n.球拍Smart 词汇记忆组群13happen vi.发生；碰巧，恰好sudden a.突然的，意外的suddenly ad.突然地相关单词accident n.以外的事；事故cad,cid,cas=tofall(落下)accidental a.偶然发生的，意外的casual a.偶然的；随便的occasion n.场合，时刻；时机occasional a.间或发生的，偶尔的occasionally ad.偶尔地incident n.发生的事；事件相关单词case n.情况，状况；事实；实例；案例，病例；盒子，箱子形近单词staircase n.楼梯相关单词stair n.楼梯downstairs ad.在楼下a.楼下的upstairs ad.在楼上a.楼上的up-=up,aloftup ad.向上；起床，起来；变大（高，多...）；...完，...光；封闭prep.向（高处）；向...的上游upright a.竖直的，直立的ad.竖立着n.柱子，直立的支撑物upward a.向上的，上升的ad.向上，上升-ward(s)形容（副）词词尾，表示“方向”upwards ad.向上；向上游；在上部forward vt.促进；转交a.向前的，进步的ad.进步inward a.里面的ad.向内toward(s) prep.向，对于；接近downward ad.向下地a.向下的afterward ad.后来，以后backward a.向后的，倒行的；落后的；迟钝的ad.向后，朝相反方向形近单词award n.奖，奖品v.授予，奖给reward n.报答，报偿；报酬，酬金vt.报答Smart 词汇记忆组群14back vt.使后退，使倒退；支持vi.倒退a.后面的ad.在后，向后；回原处，复原状；以前n.背，背面，后面feedback n.反馈，反应background n.背景，经历ground n.地，地面；场地；原因underground a.地下的；秘密的ad.在地下；秘密地n.地铁under-=under,beneathundergo vt.经历忍受undertaking n.任务，事业；许诺undertake vt.承担；答应；着手做under prep.在...下面；少于，低于；在...情况下，在...之中understand vt.理解，懂；了解，谅解；熟悉，听说vi.理解，懂得；表示同情，给予谅解misunderstand vt.误会，曲解understanding n.理解（力）；谅解a.了解的，通情达理的underline vt.划线于...之下同根单词outline n.轮廓；轧钢，纲要vt.勾画出轮廓；列提纲，概述pipeline n.管道，管线pipe v.用管道输送n.导管，管子；烟斗；笛子line n.线，绳；一行（字等）；航线，路线；队伍；轮廓；行业v.排队相关单词queue vi.排成长队n.行列，长队row n.（一）排，行；吵嚷，口角v.划船，荡桨；争吵series n.（单复数同）连续，一系列，一连串；一套丛书，电视连续剧chain vt.（用链条）栓住，束缚n.链条；[pl.]镣铐，束缚；一连串range n.范围，领域；射程；连续v.排成行；（在某范围内）变化batter n.一组（套）；电池（组）与“小机电产品”相关的单词disk n.唱片，磁带cassette n.盒式录音机tube n.管，电子管，显象管video a.录象的n.录象torch n.手电筒；火炬，火把bulb n.电灯泡；球状物形近单词bulk n.（巨大的）物体；容积，体积；大批；主体Smart 词汇记忆组群15exit n.出口；退场vi.退出，离去entrance n.入口，门口；进入，入学entry n.入口处，河口，通道；进入enter v.进入；参加；登记相关单词access n.（to）接近的机会；通道，入口cede,ceed,cess=to go(去)，to yield(让步) exceed vt.超过，胜过；越出exceedingly ad.极端地，非常excess n.超越，超过；过量，过剩a.过量的，额外的excessive a.过多的，极度的process n.过程，进程；工序，制作法，工艺vt.加工，处理procession n.加工，处理proceed vi.进行；继续下去preceding a.在前的，在先的success n.成功，胜利successful a.成功的succession n.连续，接续；继任，接替successive a.连续的，接连的succeed vi.成功；接着发生，继承继...之后，接替suc-;sub-=under submarine a.水底的，海底的n.潜水艇subway n.地道；底下地铁submerge v.浸没，淹没submit vt.递交，程送vi.屈服，听从substance n.物质；实质；要旨，基本内容；根据，理由substantial a.可观的，大量的；牢固的，结实的；实质的substitute n.代替品，代替者vi.（for）代替，取代suburb n.郊区，市郊subject n.主题，题目；科目，科学；主语a.（to）易遭...的，受...支配的vt.（to）使遭受，是服从ject,jac=tothrow(投，掷)object n.事物，物体；目的；对象；宾语vi.（to）反对，不赞成objection n.（to）反对，异议objective a.客观的，无偏见的n.目标，目的project vi.伸出，突出vt.投射，放映；使伸出n.方案，计划；工程；项目injection n.注射，射入reject vt.拒绝，驳回；退回，舍弃相关单词deny vt.否认，不承认；拒绝给予，拒绝（某人的）要求refuse v.拒绝，谢绝fuse,found=topour(倾，倒)refusal n.拒绝confusion n.混乱，混淆confuse vt.使混乱，混淆相关单词puzzle n.难题；谜vt.使迷惑riddle n.谜，谜语Smart 词汇记忆组群16joint n.接头，接洽处；关节a.接连的，联合的join vt.参加，加入；连接，联合相关单词participate vi.参与，参加ceive,cept,cip,cipate=to take(取)anticipate vt.预料，期望accept v.接受，领受；认可pcceptable a.可接受的，合意的acceptance n.接受，接纳；承认，认可concept n.概念，观念deceit n.欺骗，欺诈行为deceive vt.欺骗，蒙骗perceive vt.察觉，感知；认识到，意识到except prep.除...之外exception n.例外，除外reception n.接待处；招待会；接待；接收，接收效果receipt n.收到；收条，收据receive vt.收到，接到；遭受，受到；接待，接见receiver n.电话听筒；收音机，电视机相关单词fridge n.电冰箱refrigerator n.冰箱，冷藏库stove n.炉，火炉furnace n.炉子，熔炉；鼓风炉oven n.炉，灶；烘箱Smart 词汇记忆组群17part=part(部分)，topart(分开)partly ad.在一定程度上，部分地partial a.部分的，不完全的；（to）偏向一方的，偏心的partially ad.部分地particle n.微粒，颗粒；极小量partner n.伙伴，合伙人；搭档，配偶apart ad.相间隔；分开，分离apartment n.公寓，住宅depart vi.离开，出发department n.部，局，处，系departure n.离开，出发，启程particular a.特殊的，特别的；特定的，某一的；（过分）讲究的，挑剔的n.详情，细目particularly ad.特别，尤其，格外part n.一部分，部分；零件；角色，作用；（争论，交易等中的）一方v.（使）分开相关单词portion n.一部分proportional a.比例的，成比例的proportion n.比，比率；部分相关单词rate n.比率，速率；等级；价格；费用vt.评级，估价；列为classify vt.把...分类，把...分级classification n.分类，分级classical a.古典的，经典的Smart 词汇记忆组群18lens n.透镜，镜头focus v.（on）使聚集，集中于n.（pl.tocuses,foci）焦点相关单词concentrate v. 集中；聚集；浓缩vi.集中，专心centr=center(中心)concentration n.集中；专注；浓缩center n.中心vt.集中相关单词amongst prep.在...之中（=among）medium n.（pl.media）媒质，传导体；中间a.中等的middle n.中部a.中部的，中级的midst n.中间形近单词midnight n.午夜，子夜fortnight n.两星期，十四天overnight ad.一夜；突然over-=above,across,beyondover prep.在...的上方，在...的上面；越过，从一边至...的另一边；关于，在...方面；高于，超过；在...期间；遍布在...上面，扩展到...全部ad.倒下，翻转过来；从一边至另一边；全部地，从头到尾；再次地，重复地；过分地，太overcome vt.战胜，克服overhead a.在头顶上的，空架的ad.在头顶上overlook vt.眺望，俯瞰；没注意到；放任overseas ad.海外a.在海外的overtake vt.追上，赶上；压倒overtime a.超时的ad.超时地，加班同根单词time n.时间，时候，时刻；时机，机会；次，回；倍，乘；（pl.）时代，时期vt.为...安排时间，为...定时；测定...时间timetable n.时间表，时刻表lifetime n.一生，终身sometime ad.在某一时间sometimes ad.不时，有时springtime n.春季，春天meantime n.其间ad.当时mean a.自私的，吝啬的；平均的v.作...解释；意指；打算，意欲n.平均值meaning n.意义，意思；意图means n.方法，手段；财富，财产（谓语用复数）meanwhile ad.同时，当时worthwhile a.值得干的（作表语，定语或宾补）worth a.值得n.价值worthy a.有价值的，值得的；可尊敬的worthless a.无价值的，无用的与“价值”相关的单词cheap a.廉价的；卑鄙的，低劣的inexpensive a.花费不多的，廉价的expense n.花费，消费，费用；（pl.）开支，业务费用cost n.价格，成本，费用；代价，损失vt.价钱为，（使）花费；使付出（代价），丧失costly a.昂贵的，价值高的costless a.无价的，珍贵的price v.标价n.价格，代价luxury n.奢侈，奢华；奢侈品valuable a.值钱的，有价值的n.（pl.）贵重物品（指首饰）val=strong(强壮的)，worth(价值)valuable n.（pl.）贵重物品（指首饰）a.贵重的，宝贵的invaluable a.无价的value vt.评价，给...估价；评价，尊重，重视n.价值，价格；有用性，重要性evaluate vt.评价，估...的价相关单词estimate vt.估计，估量，评价n.估计；评价，看法Smart 词汇记忆组群19 tribut=to pay(付),to bestow(赠与) contribute v.捐献，捐助；（to）有助于，促成；投稿distribution n.分发，分配；分布distribute vt.分发，分送；分布，分散相关单词spread n.传播，蔓延v.伸开，展开；散布，蔓延；涂，敷filter vt.过滤vi.（消息等）走漏，慢慢传开；透（过）n.过滤嘴scatter vt.撒，散播；使散开，驱散vi.分散circulate v.（使）流传，散布，传播；（使）循环，（使）流通circ,cyc=ring(环)cycle n.自行车，循环circle n.圆，圆周；圈子circular a.圆的；循环的circus n.马戏团，圆形竞技场circuit n.环行，巡回；电路，线路circumference n.圆周，周长，周围circum-=around,round aboutcircumstance n.（pl.）情况，境况相关单词environment n.环境，外界surroundings n.（pl.）周围的事物，环境round a.圆的，球形的；整整的，用整数表示的n.（一）回合，（一）局，（一）圈；巡视，循环ad.在附近；朝反方向prep. 围绕，绕过；向...各处；在...附近；大约v.环绕...而行；（使）成圆形surround vt.包围；环绕，围绕super-=above,over(变化型)sur-super a.极好的，超级的supermarket n.超级市场surname n.姓同根单词namely ad.即，也就是name n.名字，名誉vt.给...取名，为...定名；说出；提名；说出...的名字，列举与“名气”相关的单词fame n.名声，名望famous a.著名的well-known a.众所周知的，出名的know vt.知道，了解；熟悉，认识；通晓，会vi.知道，了解，懂得knowledge n.知识，熟悉，了解acquaintance n.认识，了解；熟人acquaint vt.使了解，使认识ignore vt.不顾，忽视ignorant a.无知的，愚昧的；（of）不知道的Smart 词汇记忆组群20sult=to leap(跳)insult vt.侮辱，凌辱consult vt.请教，与...商量；查阅（词典，书籍等）vi.（with）商量，商议result n.成果，结果，成绩vi.（in）导致，结果是；（from）起因于，因...而造成相关单词conclusion n.结论，推论；结尾；缔结，议定clud,clos=to shut(关闭)conclude vt.推断出，推论出；结束；缔结，议定vi.结束，终了exclude vt.把...排除在外，排斥exclusively ad.专门地，排除其他include vt.包括，包含exclude v.排除enclose vt.（用篱笆等）围住，圈起；（随函）封入close v.关，闭；结束n.结束，终止a.接近的；亲密的；严密的ad.接近地，亲密地disclose vt.揭露，透露相关单词leak vi.漏；泄露（消息等）n.泄露；漏洞，漏隙betray vt.泄露，流露；背叛，出卖reveal vt.揭示，揭露；展现，显示uncover vt.揭开，揭露cover=to cover(掩盖)discover vt.发现discovery n.发现；被发现的事物cover n.盖子，套子，（书的）封面vt.盖，覆盖；包括，涉及recovery n.收回，复得；痊愈，恢复recover vt.重新获得，重新找到；收回，挽回vi.恢复，痊愈相关单词refresh v.（使）恢复精力renew v.（使）更新，恢复；续借（图书），延长（合同）Smart 词汇记忆组群21cur,course=torun(流，跑)current n.（空气，水等的）流，潮流，流速；电流；趋势，趋向a.当前的，现时的；通用的，流行的；流通的occur vi.发生，出现，存在；（to）被想起，被想到occurence n.发生的事情，事件；发生，出现course n.课程，教程；过程，进程；一道菜excursion n.远足，短途旅行，（集体）游览相关单词travel n.旅行vi.旅行，行进，被传播tour n./vi.旅行，游历journey n.旅行，旅程vi.旅行journ=day(一日)journalist n.记者，新闻工作者journal n.日报，杂志；日记相关单词diary n.日记，日记簿形近单词dairy n.牛奶场，乳品店；乳制品daily a./ad.每日的（地）n.日报相关单词routine n.例行公事a.日常的，常规的route n.路，路线，路程road n.道路highway n.公路，大路way n.路，道路；习惯，作风；方式，方法；路线；距离sideways ad.斜着，斜向一边地Smart 词汇记忆组群22med,mend=toheal(治疗)medical a.医学的；内科的medicine n.内服药；医学mend vt.修理，修补remedy n.治疗措施，补救方法；药品vt.纠正，补救；治疗，医治相关单词heal vt.治愈；使和解cure v.治愈，治好；改正，消除n.治愈，治疗；药cure=to take care(注意，留心)accurate a.准确的，正确无误的accuracy n.准确（性），精确（性）curious a.好奇的curiosity n.好奇心security n.安全secure a.安全的，可靠的；放心的vt.得到，获得；使安全，保卫相关单词get vi.变成，变得；达到；被，受；开始，逐渐vt.获得，弄到；受到，收到；使得，把...弄得；（去）拿来；了解，明白；感染上，得（病）make vt.做，制造，建造；作出，制定，产生；使，使得；获得，挣得；总计，等于；成为，使成为；准备，整理；认为，估计gain v.获得，博得；增加；（钟、表）走快n.增加，增进；（pl.）好处，收益，利润earn vt.获得，得到；增加vi.获益，改进；增加，取得进展；（钟表）快于正确时间earnings n.工资，收入相关单词income n.收入，收益wage n.（pl.）工资，报酬vt.开始进行salary n.薪金，薪水sal=salt(盐)salad n.色拉，莴苣，生菜salt n.盐，盐类vi.加盐于与“调料”相关的单词vinegar n.醋pepper n.胡椒，胡椒粉sauce n.调味汁，酱汁形近单词saucer n.茶托，浅碟与“餐具”相关的单词bowl n.碗，体；碗状物dish n.碟，盘子，菜肴plate n.板，片，盘vt.电镀tray n.（浅）盘，托盘，碟pan n.平底锅，盘子fork n.餐叉；叉；分叉knife n.小刀，刀，餐刀spoon n.匙，调羹Smart 词汇记忆组群23duce,duct=tolead(领导)procedure n.手续，过程produce v.生产，制造；显示，出示n.农产品reproduce v.繁殖，生殖；复制product n.产品，产物；（乘）积production a.生产，产量；产品，作品productive a.生产的；丰饶的conduct v.处理，管理；指挥，引导；传导，传（热、电）n.举止，行为conductor n.售票员；（乐队）指挥；导体introduce vt.介绍；引进，传入；引言，导论reduce vt.减少，减小；简化；使成为reduction n.减少，减小deduce vt.演绎，推断educate vt.教育，培养education n.教育，培养与“教育”相关的单词academy n.私立中学；转科学院academic a.学院的；学术的campus n.校园，学校场地grade n.（学校的）年级；成绩，分数；等级，级别vt.给...分等级class n.班，班级，阶级monitor n.班长，监视器v.监听headmaster n.校长master n.男主人，雇主；师傅，名家；（Master）硕士vt.精通，掌握a.主要的bachelor n.学士doctor n.医生，医师；博士degree n.程度；度数；学位；等级pupil n.（小）学生；瞳孔scholarship n.学业成绩；奖学金scholar n.学者（尤指文学方面）learned a.有学问的，博学的learning n.学习；学问，知识semester n.半年，学期，半学年term n.（pl.）条件；术语；期限，某特定的期间；学期tuition n.教，教诲；学费tutor n.家庭教师，导师professor n.教授fess=to speak(说)profession n.职业，自由职业professional a.职业的，专业的，专门的n.专业人员，自由职业者confess vt.供认，坦白，承认Smart 词汇记忆组群24able a.有能力的；出色的ability n.能力，才能unable a.不能的，不会的disable vt.使无能，使伤残enable vt.使能够，使可能相关单词capable a.有能力的，有才能的cap=to take(取)，head(头)captive a.被俘虏的，被监禁的n.俘虏，战俘capture vt.捕获，俘获n.捕获，俘获capability n.性能，容量；能力，才能incapable a.没有能力的cap vt.覆盖于...顶端n.便帽，盖子capital n.首都；大写字母；资本a.大写的；主要的，基本的captain vt.做...的首领，指挥n.首领，队长；船长，舰长；上尉形近单词curtain n.帘，窗帘；幕（布）Britain n.不列颠，英国与“国家、地域”相关的单词British a.不列颠的，英联邦的America n.美洲，美国American a.美洲的n.美国人Africa a.非洲African a.非洲的n.非洲人Arabian a.阿拉伯的Asia n.亚洲Asian a.亚洲的n.亚洲人Atlantic a.大西洋的n.大西洋Australia n.澳大利亚Australian a.澳大利亚的n.澳大利亚人Canada n.加拿大Canadian a.加拿大的n.加拿大人China n.中国Chinese a.中国的n.中国人china n.瓷器，陶瓷England n.英格兰，英国English n.英语a.英国人的Engliashman n.英国男子Europe n.欧洲European a.欧洲的n.欧洲人France n.法国，法兰西French a.法国的n.法国人German a.德国的n.德国人Germany n.德意志，德国Greek a.希腊的n.希腊人India n.印度Indian a.印度的n.印度人Italian a.意大利的n.意大利人Japan n.日本，日本国Japanese a.日本的n.日本人Latin a.拉丁的n.拉丁语Oceania n.大洋洲pacific a.和平的n.太平洋Portuguese n.葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语Roman n.古罗马人a.罗马的Russian a.俄罗斯的n.俄国人Soviet n.苏维埃a.苏维埃的Spanish a.西班牙的n.西班牙人Swiss a.瑞士的n.瑞士人Jewish a.犹太人的Negro n.黑人race n.人种，种族；（速度上的）比赛vi.跑；（使）比速度racial a.种族的，人种的tribe n.部落，宗族Smart 词汇记忆组群25 spell vt.拼写spelling n.拼字，拼写法dictionary n.词典，字典dict,dit=to say(说) dictate v.口授；命令dictation n.口授笔录，听写condition n.状况，状态；环境，形势，条件predict v.预言，预告contradiction n.矛盾，不一致；否认contra-=against[变化形]counter-contrary a.相反的n.相反encounter vt.遭遇，遇到n.遭遇counter n.柜台；计数器a.相反的vt.反对ad.相反地count=to count(计算) account n.讲述，说明；帐，帐户；考虑，顾及count v.有价值；数，计数；算数，值得考虑n.计数，总数相关单词calculate vt.计算，核算；估计，推测；打算，计划cale=lime(石灰) calculation n.计算，计算结果calculator n.计算器，计算者Smart 词汇记忆组群26 banner n.旗，旗帜，横幅slogan n. 标语，口号flag n.旗，旗帜相关单词march vi.行军；游行示威demonstrate vt.说明；论证；表露vi.游行示威parade n.游行；检阅vi.游行par,pair=toprepare(准备)paradise n.天堂prepare v.准备，预备preparation n.准备，预备repair n.（pl.）修理，修补vt.修理，修补；补救，纠正apparatus n.器械，器具，设备separately ad.分离地separation n.分离，分开separate a.分离的，分开的v.（使）分离，（使）分开相关单词divide v.划分，分；分配；隔开；（by）除divid,divis=todivide(分割)division n.分，分开；分配，分担；除（法）；部门individual n.个人，个体a.个别的，单独的；独特的lect,leg,lig=tochoose(选择)，togather(集合)，toread(读)collect v.收集，聚集；取，接；收（帐，税等）collection n.收集；收集品recollect vt.回忆，想起lecture n./vi.演讲，讲课elect v.选举，推选；选择election n.选举，选择权；当选select v.选择，挑选selection n.选择intellectual n.知识分子a.智力的intelligence n.智力，聪明；消息，情报intelligent a.聪明的，明智的legend n.传说，传奇diligent a.勤勉的，勤奋的neglect vt.忽视，忽略；疏忽neg=deny(否认)negative a.否定的；消极的，反面的；负的，阴性的n.负片，底片；负数相关单词positive a.确定的，明确的；积极的，肯定的；正的，阳性的pos=to place,toput(置放)position n.位置；职位，职务；姿势，姿态；见解，立场composition n.构成，成分；作文，作品compose v.组成，构成；创作，为...谱曲post v.贴出，张贴；邮寄，投寄；（用布告）宣布，公告n.杆，柱；哨所；邮寄postage n.邮费deposit vt.使沉淀，使沉积；存放，寄存；储蓄n.沉积物；存款；押金dispose vt.安排，处理vi.（of）丢掉，销毁expose v.暴露；（to）使处于...作用（或影响）下；揭露exposure n.暴露；揭露；曝光impose vt.把...强加于；征（税）opposite a. 对面的；相反的，对立的n.对立物，对立面prep./ad.在对面propose vt.建议；打算vi.（to）求婚proposal n.提议，建议；求婚purpose n.目的，意图；用途；效果suppose vt.猜想，以为；（用于祈使句）让，假设oppose vt.反对，反抗相关单词offend vt.冒犯，得罪，使恼火revenge vt.替...报仇n.报仇Smart 词汇记忆组群27endless a.无止境的ending n.结尾，结局；死亡end n.端；结束；目的v.终止，结束与“结束、停止”相关的单词stop vt.停止，中断；塞住，堵塞vi.停止；逗留，歇宿n.停车站；停止，终止cease v./n.停止，终止halt n.停住，停止v.（使）停止quit v.放弃，停止；辞（职）pause vi.中止，暂停n.暂停与“打扰”相关的单词interrupt v.打断，打扰；中止，阻碍interruption n.中断，打断；障碍物bother vt.打扰，麻烦vi.烦闷；特意做...n.麻烦（的事）disturb vt. 打扰，妨碍；扰乱，弄乱vi.妨碍（睡眠，休息，工作）annoy vt.使烦恼，使生气，打扰trouble n.麻烦；困难；纷争，纠纷（常用复数）vt.烦恼，困扰，使担心；使麻烦，加以打扰vi.操心，打扰（常用否定句）；麻烦troublesome a.令人讨厌的，麻烦的nuisance n.讨厌的人/东西；麻烦事bore v.烦扰，使厌烦；钻孔，打眼n.讨厌的人，麻烦事boring a.枯燥的相关单词tedicus a.冗长的，枯燥无味的dull a.枯燥的，单调的；暗淡的；迟钝的；不锋利的Smart 词汇记忆组群28scribe,script=towrite(写)prescribe v.开（药）；规定，指定description n.描写，形容；种类describe vt.（as）形容；（to/for）描写，描绘相关单词draw n.平局v.画，描绘；拖，拉；拨出，取出draw=to draw(拉，引)drawing n.图画，素描；绘图drawer n.抽屉withdraw v.收回；撤回vi.撤退同缀单词withstand vt.抵挡，反抗同根单词stand vi.站；坐落vt.经受，容忍n.架，台standard n.标准。
2019年12月大学英语四级词汇详解：经济类
2019年12月大学英语四级词汇详解：经济类accelerate vt。
(使)加速，增速【例】accelerate the rate of economic growth 加速经济增长【派】acceleration n。
加速accelerating a。
加速的 boost vt。
提升，推动，使增长n。
推动，增长【例】boost the economy推动经济增长【派】booster n。
支持者，推动器 mushroom vi。
迅速成长n。
蘑菇【例】sth。
Mushroom …快速成长/增加 flourish vi。
繁荣，茂盛; vt挥动【例】the nation’s economy will flourish。
国家经济将繁荣发展。
thrive vi。
兴旺，繁荣【例】The company managed to thrive after a recession 经济衰退后该公司设法兴旺起来。
soar vi。
猛增，高飞;(情绪)高涨【例】Oil prices have soared in recent weeks。
石油价格最近几周飚升。
impose vt。
把…强加于; 征税【考】impose on/upon把…强加于【例】to impose local tax征收地方税【派】imposing a。
壮观的，令人难忘的restore vt。
恢复，修复;归还，交还【例】 restore the economy to full strength 完全恢复经济发展【派】restoration n。
修复 revive v。
使复苏vi。
恢复【例】The economy of these areas is beginning to revive。
这些地方的经济开始复苏。
squeeze vt。
挤，压榨;n。
拮据，紧缺;握手【例】financial squeeze财政困难 exceed vt。
超过，越出【例】The benefits exceed $10 million。
2019年英语四级阅读常考高频词汇：经济类.doc
2019年6月英语四级阅读常考高频词汇：经济类英语四级阅读常考高频词汇：经济类accelerate vt (使)加速，增速例：accelerate the rate of economic growth加速经济增长派：acceleration n 加速accelerating a 加速的boost vt 提高，推动，使增长n 推动，增长例：boost the economy推动经济增长派：booster n 支持者，推动器mushroom vi 迅速成长n蘑菇例：sth Mushroom 快速成长/增加flourish vi 繁荣，茂盛; vt挥动例：the nations economy willflourish国家经济将繁荣发展thrive vi 兴旺，繁荣例：The company managed to thrive after a recession经济衰退后该公司设法兴旺起来impose vt 把强加于; 征税考：impose on/upon把强加于例：to impose local tax征收地方税派：imposing a 壮观的，令人难忘的restore vt 恢复，修复;归还，交还例：restore the economy to full strength完全恢复经济发展派：restoration n 修复revive v 使复苏vi恢复例：The economy of these areas is beginning to revive这些地方的经济开始复苏soar vi 猛增，高飞;(情绪)高涨例：Oil prices have soared in recent weeks石油价格最近几周飚升squeeze vt 挤，压榨;n拮据，紧缺;握手例：financial squeeze财政困难exceed vt 超过，越出例：The benefits exceed $10 million利润超过1千万美元派：exceeding a 超过的;exceedingly ad 非常allocate vt 分配，把拨给例：allocate money for the project给项目拨款派：allocation n 配给，分配slash vt 砍;大量削减;n 砍，斜线号考：slashed red tape革除繁文缛节例：slash fares by about 30% 削减票价30%negotiate vt 洽谈;顺利通过vi协商例：to negotiate the cooperation items谈判公司项目派：negotiation n 谈判negotiable a 可协商的distribute vt分发，分配;散布例：Milk has been distributed to the local shops牛奶已经分发到当地商店派：distribution n 分发;distributed a 分布的distributor n 发行人substantial a 大量的，结实的;实质的;例：substantial investment大笔投资bankrupt a 破产的，彻底缺乏的，v 使破产n 破产者例：the bankrupt oil company破产的石油公司派：bankruptcy n 破产economy n 经济，经济情况;省俭，充分利用例：the market economy市场经济派：economize v 节俭economic a 经济学的prosperity n 繁荣，兴旺例：economic prosperity经济繁荣例：prosperous a 繁荣的constraint n 约束;限制例：economic and cultural constraint经济文化制约hardship n 艰难，困苦例：economic hardships经济困难recession n 衰退(期)例：economic recession经济衰退budget n 预算vi 做安排vt 规划a 收费公路例：annual budget每年的预算corporation n 公司例：multinational corporation跨国公司entrepreneur n 企业家例：a young property entrepreneur年轻的地产企业家commission n 委员会;佣金，回扣;例：The salesman takes a 5% commission on the sales he makes 推销员得到他销售额5%的佣金派：commissioner n 委员installment n 分期付款;(分期连载)部分例：the installment plans分期付款计划warranty n 担保书，证书，保单例：The warranty expires tomorrow 担保书明天到期venture n 风险投资，(商业)风险项目;vi冒险例：a joint venture合资企业派：venturesome a 好冒险的。
作文模板四级核心词汇
作文模板四级核心词汇四级核心词汇，environment, pollution, sustainable, conservation, renewable, resources, global warming, climate change, biodiversity, ecosystem。
In today's world, the environment is facing numerous challenges, including pollution, global warming, and the loss of biodiversity. It is crucial for us to take action to protect our planet and ensure a sustainable future for the next generations. In this article, we will explore the importance of environmental conservation, the impact of pollution, and the need for renewable resources in combating climate change.First and foremost, environmental conservation is essential for preserving the natural world and its resources. By conserving our environment, we can protect the delicate balance of ecosystems and ensure the survival of various species. It is important to remember that every action we take, whether big or small, can have a significant impact on the environment. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals, communities, and governments to work together to implement conservation measures and protect our planet for future generations.Pollution is one of the biggest threats to the environment. It not only affects the air we breathe and the water we drink but also has a detrimental impact on wildlife and ecosystems. The release of harmful chemicals and pollutants into the environment has led to a decline in air and water quality, as well as an increase in health problems for humans and animals. To combat pollution, it is essential to reduce our reliance on non-renewable resources and transition to sustainable alternatives.Speaking of sustainable alternatives, renewable resources play a crucial role in mitigating the effects of climate change. Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, offer a cleaner and more sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. By investing in renewable energy, we can reduce our carbon footprint and decrease our reliance on non-renewable resources. Additionally, sustainable practices in agriculture, forestry, and fishing can help preserve natural resources for future generations.Global warming and climate change are among the most pressing environmental issues of our time. The rise in global temperatures has led to extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and the loss of polar ice caps. These changes have a profound impact on ecosystems and wildlife, as well as human communities around the world. To address these challenges, it is crucial for us to take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote sustainable practices that help mitigate the effects of climate change.Biodiversity is another critical aspect of environmental conservation. The variety of life on Earth is essential for the functioning of ecosystems and the provision of ecosystem services. However, human activities such as deforestation, overfishing, and habitat destruction have led to a loss of biodiversity. It is essential for us to protect and preserve the diversity of life on our planet to ensure the health and resilience of ecosystems.In conclusion, environmental conservation, pollution control, sustainable practices, and the use of renewable resources are essential for addressing the challenges facing our planet. By working together to protect the environment, we can ensure a sustainable future for generations to come. It is crucial for individuals, communities, and governments to take action and make a positive impact on the environment. Only by working together can we protect our planet and preserve its natural beauty for the future.。
英语四级翻译常用词汇
英语四级翻译常用词汇在英语四级考试中，翻译题目常常考察学生的词汇运用和翻译技巧。
为了帮助大家更好地备考，下面列举了一些常用的英语四级翻译常用词汇，供大家参考。
一、动词1. 增加：increase, raise, add, augment, boost2. 减少：reduce, decrease, diminish, lessen, cut3. 改进：improve, enhance, upgrade, refine, ameliorate4. 发展：develop, advance, progress, grow, promote5. 维持：maintain, sustain, preserve, keep, support6. 完成：accomplish, complete, fulfill, achieve, perform7. 控制：control, manage, regulate, govern, oversee8. 影响：affect, influence, impact, shape, determine9. 增长：grow, increase, expand, rise, accumulate10. 提到：mention, refer to, allude to, cite, touch upon二、名词1. 问题：issue, problem, matter, concern, challenge2. 原因：cause, reason, factor, determinant, basis3. 方法：method, approach, way, technique, strategy4. 结果：result, outcome, consequence, effect, implication5. 优势：advantage, benefit, strength, asset, merit6. 不足：disadvantage, drawback, weakness, flaw, limitation7. 观点：view, opinion, perspective, standpoint, belief8. 目标：goal, objective, target, aim, purpose9. 影响：influence, impact, effect, power, force10. 重要性：importance, significance, value, importance, priority三、形容词1. 重要的：important, significant, crucial, vital, essential2. 高效的：efficient, effective, productive, successful, capable3. 快速的：fast, quick, rapid, swift, speedy4. 困难的：difficult, challenging, hard, tough, demanding5. 广泛的：wide, extensive, broad, comprehensive, vast6. 明显的：obvious, evident, clear, apparent, manifest7. 实际的：real, practical, actual, realistic, tangible8. 好的：good, excellent, outstanding, superb, superior9. 差的：bad, poor, inferior, substandard, unsatisfactory10. 大的：big, large, huge, vast, enormous四、副词1. 充分地：fully, completely, thoroughly, entirely, totally2. 然而：however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet, still3. 同时：simultaneously, concurrently, meanwhile, at the same time4. 最终：finally, eventually, ultimately, in the end, at last5. 显然地：obviously, evidently, clearly, plainly, apparently6. 必然地：inevitably, necessarily, unavoidably, certainly, surely7. 例如：for example, for instance, such as, namely, to illustrate8. 非常：extremely, very, highly, exceedingly, greatly9. 逐渐地：gradually, slowly, steadily, little by little, bit by bit10. 总而言之：in conclusion, in summary, to sum up, ultimately, briefly以上是一些常用的英语四级翻译常用词汇，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
大学英语英语四级(含答案) (6)
大学英语四级试卷（满分120分，考试时间90分钟）一、选择题：（本题共20小题，每小题3分，共60分）1. Large losses may occur from insurance claims made by people _______ legal action.A. sinceB. throughC. toD. until2. Professor Thomason specialises ______ American literature.A. inB. aboutC. onD. concerning3. The police are looking ______ the mysterious disappearance of a well-known banker.A. overB. intoC. ontoD. through4. He is a bad influence ________ the children.A. onB. inC. withD. against5. It is not easy to distinguish ______ an American and a Canadian.A. amongB. betweenC. bothD. from6. Ms Simms is very sensitive ______ criticism.A. ofB. inC. toD. on7. It is an exception ________ the rules.A. ofB. inC. againstD. to8. She solved the problem _________a stroke.A. onB. ofC. atD. through9. Death always taken us _________ surprise, even though we know it is inevitable.A. inB. out ofC. byD. through10. The lady insists on her constitutional right _______ a passport in her maiden name.A. onB. toC. intoD. that11. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _______ the behavior of a animal depends mainly on instinct.A. whereasB. soC. unlessD. that12. Wood furniture does not depreciate in value _______ properly handled and protected.A. ifB. hasD. that13. I am determined that my son ______ have a better start than I did.A. canB. shallC. mustD. will14. You ________ drive fast, there is a speed limit here. Moreover, we have plenty of time, so you ______ drive so fast.A. mustn't, needn'tB. needn't, needn'tC. mustn't, mustn'tD. needn't, mustn't15. You _______ worry about her. She ______ well already.A. needn't, may getB. don't need, may getC. mustn't, getsD. needn't, may have gets16. They are all favour of his suggestion that the expenses _______ be reduced.A. /B. wouldD. may17. Sharon was supposed to be here at nine o'clock. She ______ have forgotten about our meeting.A. wouldB. shouldC. ought toD. must18. ---Let’s go for a walk.---Yes, today’s weather isn’t as cold as it was yesterday, ____?A. wasn’t itB. was itC. isn’t itD. is it19. --- How much is the desk?---it__ninety-nine pounds.( )A. costsB. Pays toC. spendsD. Takes is20. I am afraid I won't be able to keep in touch__him.( )A. To goB. For ifC. withD. By too二、完型填空（共计20分）Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and frustratingexperience. The lecturer speaks for one or two hours, perhaps (1) -- the talk with slides, writing upimportant information on the blackboard, (2) -- reading material and giving out (3) -- .The new studentsees the other students continuously writing on notebooks and (4) -- what to write. Very often the studentleaves the lecture (5) -- notes which do not catch the main points and (6) -- become hard even for the (7)-- to understan D.Most institutions provide courses which (8) -- new students to develop the skills they need to be (9)-- listeners and note-takers. (10) -- these are unavailable, there are many useful study-skills guides which(11) -- learners to practice these skills (12) -- .In all cases it is important to (13) -- the problem (14) --actually starting your studies.It is important to (15) -- that most students have difficulty in acquiring the language skills (16) -- incollege study. One way of (17) -- these difficulties is to attend the language and study - skills classeswhich most institutions provide throughout the (18) -- year. Another basic (19) -- is to find a studypartner (20) -- it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support.1.A.extending B.illustrating C. performing D. conducting2.A.attributing B.contributing C.distributing D. explaining3.A.assignments rmation C. content D. definition4.A.suspects B.understands C. wonders D. convinces5.A.without B.with C. on D. except6.A.what B.those C. as D. which7.A.teachers B.classmates C. partners D. students8.A.prevent B.require C. assist D. forbid9.A.effective B.passive C. relative D. expressive10.A.Because B.Though C. Whether D. If11.A.enable B.stimulate C. advocate D. prevent12.A.independently B.repeatedly C. logically D. generally13.A.evaluate B.acquaint C. tackle D. formulate14.A.before B.after C. while D. for15.A.predict B.acknowledge C. argue D. ignore16.A.to require B.required C. requiring D. are required17.A.preventing B.withstanding C. sustaining D. overcoming18.A.average B.ordinary C. normal D. academic19.A.statement B.strategy C. situation D. suggestion20.A.in that B.for which C. with whom D. such as三、阅读理解：(共25分)Years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of.But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville,England in 1984 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann,the situation beganto change.Sir Ludwig Guttmann,who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Gernamy,had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries centre at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London.His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.In the first games just tow teams of injured soldiers took part.The next year,1949,five teams took part.From those beginnings,things have developed fast.Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year.In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome,in the same place as the normal Olympic Games,although they are organized separately.In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville.In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games,1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part.Unfortunately,they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles,along with the other Olympics. The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendshiop and understanding,and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can't enjoy sport.One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games,however,has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able-bodied.Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athlets should not be excluded.1.The first games for the desabled were held _____ after Sir Ludwig Guttmann arrived in England.A.40 yearsB.21 yearsC.10 yearsD.9 years2.Besides Stoke Mandeville,surely the games for the disabled were once held in _____.A.New YorkB.LondonC.RomeD.Los Angeles3.In Paragraph 3,the word "athletes" means _____.A.people who support the gamesB.people who watch the gamesC.people who organize the gamesD.people who compete in the games4.Which of the following statements in NOT true?A.Sir Ludwig Guttmann is an early organizer of the games for the disabled.B.Sir Ludwig Guttmann is an injured soldier.C.Sir Ludwig Guttmann is from Germany.D.Sir Ludwig Guttmann is welcomed by the British government.5.From the ,we may conclude that the writer is _____.A.one of the organizers of the games for the disabledB.a disabled person who once took part in the gamesC.against holding the games for the disabledD.in favour of holding the games for the disabled四、书面表达：请起草一份中学学校通知，用一段话说明以下要点：参观日期： 3月25日，星期天时间：早上8点钟出发。
2019年6月大学英语四级考试听力答案完整版(英语学习).doc
2019年6月大学英语四级考试听力答案完整版（英语学习）2019年6月大学英语四级考试听力答案完整版Short Conversations1. A. The woman should go on playing chess.2. D. Mary probably knows Sally’s new address.3. B. His notes are not easy to read.4. D. The man had better choose another restaurant.5 .C. He has been looking forward to spring.6. B. The man appreciates the woman’s help.7. B. Go to work on foot.8. A. Temporary closing has disturbed the airport’s operation.Conversion one9. C. It has a chemical processing plant.10. D. He’s a salesman.11.C. Mr. Grand’s personal assistance.12. B. Provide details of their products and services. Conversion two13. A. She listened to recordings of many European orchestras.14. D. She began taking violin lessons as a small child.15. A. It was the chance of a lifetime.Passage One16. B) His personal history is little known.17. D) He was a member of the town council.18. C) Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire. Passage Two19. A) Theft.20. B) Have the right documents.21. B) Use official transport.Passage 322. C) Sell inexpensive products.23. A) At a meeting of top British businesspeople.24. D) Insulted.25. B) There should be a limit to one’s sense of humour填空:26. prospering27. decade28. opposite29. sustain30. In simple terms31. establish32. reasonably33. take into account34. misleading35. using up。
大学英语四级词汇表(最全版)
大学英语四级词汇表(最全) aaccessory n.同谋，从犯；附件accidental a.偶然的；非本质的accommodate vt.容纳；供应，供给accordance n.一致；和谐；授予accordingly ad.因此，所以；照着advisable n.明智的；可取的agony n.极度痛苦alloy n.合金；(金属的)成色aluminium n.铝amongst prep在…之中(=among) amplify vt.放大，增强；扩大anticipate vt.预料，预期，期望apparatus n.器械，仪器；器官apparent a.表面上的；明显的appeal vi.&n.呼吁；申述appliance n.用具，器具，器械applicable a.能应用的；适当的appoint vt.任命，委任；约定appointment n.任命；约定，约会arbitrary a.随心所欲的；专断的arise vi.出现；由…引起assemble vt.集合，召集；装配assembly n.集合；集会；装配attentive a.注意的；有礼貌的attribute vt.把…归因于n.属性aural a.耳的，听觉的auto n.(口语)汽车auxiliary a.辅助的；附属的aviation n.航空，航空学awful a.令人不愉快的awfully ad.令人畏惧的；很awkward a.笨拙的；尴尬的ax n.斧子axis n.轴，轴线；中心线bbanner n.旗，旗帜，横幅barber n.理发师barn n.谷仓；牲口棚barrel n.桶；圆筒；枪管barrier n.栅栏，屏障；障碍bay n.湾；山脉中的凹处beast n.兽，野兽；牲畜beloved a.为…的爱的n.爱人berry n.浆果(如草莓等)bet vt.&vi.&n.打赌blade n.刀刃，刀片；叶片blast n.爆炸，冲击波vt.炸blaze n.火；闪光vi.燃烧blend vt.&vi.&n.混和bloom n.花；开花，开花期blossom n.花，开花vi.开花boast vi.自夸vt.吹嘘bold a.大胆的；冒失的bolt n.螺栓；插销vt.闩门booth n.货摊；公用电话亭bosom n.胸，胸部；内心bough n.树枝brand n.商品；烙印vt.铭刻brandy n.白兰地酒brass n.黄铜；黄铜器breed n.品种vt.使繁殖breeze n.微风，和风brim n.边，边缘；帽沿brisk a.活泼的；清新的bristle n.短而硬的毛；鬃毛brittle a.脆的；易损坏的bronze n.青铜；青铜制品brood n.同窝幼鸟vt.孵(蛋) brook n.小河，溪流broom n.扫帚brow n.额；眉，眉毛bruise n.青肿，伤痕；擦伤brute n.禽兽，畜生bucket n.水桶；吊桶；铲斗bud n.芽，萌芽；蓓蕾bulk n.物体，容积，大批bullet n.枪弹，子弹，弹丸burden n.担子，重担；装载量bureau n.局，司，处；社，所butter n.黄油；奶油button n.扣子；按钮vt.扣紧ccabin n.小屋；船舱，机舱cabinet n.橱，柜；内阁cable n.缆，索；电缆；电报cafeteria n.自助食堂candidate n.候选人；投考者candle n.蜡烛；烛形物；烛光cannon n.大炮，火炮；榴弹炮canoe n.独木舟，皮艇，划子canteen n.小卖部；临时餐室canvas n.粗帆布；一块油画布captive n.俘虏，被监禁的人capture vt.捕获，俘获；夺得cargo n.船货，货物carriage n.客车厢；四轮马车carrier n.运输工具；运载工具cart n.二轮运货马车carve vt.刻，雕刻；切开case n.箱(子)，盒(子)，套cassette n.盒式录音带；盒子catalog n.目录，目录册cathedral n.总教堂；大教堂cellar n.地窑，地下室cement n.水泥；胶泥vt.粘结chamber n.会议室；房间；腔charming a.迷人的，可爱的cherry n.樱桃；樱桃树chill vt.使变冷n.寒冷chimney n.烟囱，烟筒；玻璃罩chin n.颏，下巴chop vt.砍，劈；切细vi.砍circumference n.圆周，周长，圆周线clasp n.扣子，钩子；别针clay n.粘土，泥土；肉体clerk n.店员；办事员，职员cliff n.悬崖，峭壁cloak n.斗篷；覆盖(物)coal n.煤，煤块coarse a.粗的，粗糙的cock n.公鸡；雄禽；旋塞coil n.(一)卷；线圈vt.卷collapse vi.倒坍；崩溃，瓦解colonel n.陆军上校；中校column n.柱，支柱，圆柱commerce n.商业，贸易；社交communism munist主义communist munistparty员compel vt.强迫，迫使屈服compile vt.编辑，编制，搜集complicate vt.使复杂；使陷入complicated a.复杂的，难懂的compound n.化合物；复合词compress vt.压紧，压缩comprise vt.包含，包括；构成comrade n.同志，亲密的同伴conceal vt.把…隐藏起来concrete n.混凝土；具体物condense vt.压缩，使缩短confess vt.供认，承认；坦白confine vt.限制；禁闭congress n.大会；国会，议会conjunction n.接合，连接；连接词consent n.同意，赞成vi.同意conservation n.保存，保护；守恒conservative a.保守的n.保守的人considerable a.相当大的；重要的considerate a.考虑周到的；体谅的constitution n.章程；体质；构造contempt n.轻蔑；藐视；受辱contest vt.争夺，争取；辩驳contract n.契约，合同；婚约convention n.习俗，惯例；公约conventional a.普通的；习惯的conversation n.会话，非正式会谈conversely ad.相反地conversion n.转变，转化；改变convert vt.使转变；使改变coordinate vt.使协调，调节copper n.铜；铜币，铜制器cord n. 细绳，粗线，索cordial a.真诚的，诚恳的core n.果实的心，核心corn n.谷物；(英)小麦corridor n.走廊，回廊，通路coward n.懦夫；胆怯者crack n.裂缝，裂纹vi.爆裂craft n.工艺；手艺，行业crane n.起重机，摄影升降机crawl vi.爬，爬行creep vi.爬行；缓慢地行进cricket n.板球；蟋蟀cripple n.跛子；残废的人crow n.鸦，乌鸦vi.啼crown n.王冠，冕；花冠crude a.简陋的；天然的cruel a.残忍的，残酷的crush vt.压碎，碾碎；镇压crust n.面包皮；硬外皮crystal n.水晶，结晶体；晶粒cubic a.立方形的；立方的cultivate vt.耕；种植；培养cunning a.狡猾的，狡诈的cure vt.医治；消除n.治愈curl n.卷毛；螺旋vi.卷曲curve n.曲线；弯vt.弄弯cushion n.垫子，坐垫，靠垫ddaring a.大胆的，勇敢的decay vi.腐烂；衰败n.腐烂deceit n.欺骗，欺诈deceive vt.欺骗，蒙蔽，行骗decent a.正派的；体面的deck n.甲板；舱面；层面deduce vt.演绎，推论，推断deed n.行为；功绩；契约defect n.缺点，缺陷，欠缺define vt.给…下定义；限定definite a.明确的；肯定的definitely ad.一定地，明确地definition n.定义，释义；定界delegation n.代表团democracy n.民主，民主制democratic a.民主的，民主政体的demonstrate vt.说明；论证；表露dense a.密集的；浓厚的density n.密集，稠密；密度depress vt.使沮丧；按下derive vt.取得vi.起源descend vi.下来，下降；下倾despise vt.鄙视，蔑视detect vt.察觉，发觉；侦察detection n.察觉，发觉；侦察devil n.魔鬼，恶魔dew n.露，露水diagram n.图解，图表，简图dial n.钟面；拨号盘vt.拨dialect n.方言，土语，地方话diameter n.直径dictate vt.&vi.口授；命令dictation n.口授笔录，听写diligent a.勤勉的，勤奋的dim a.昏暗的；朦胧的dimension n.尺寸，尺度；面积dirt n.尘，土；污物，污垢disk n.圆盘，唱片；磁盘discipline n.纪律；训练vt.训练disguise vi.隐瞒，掩埋n.假装disgust n.厌恶，憎恶disposal n.丢掉，处理，销毁dispose vi.去掉，丢掉；销毁dispute vi.争论，争执n.争论dissolve vt.使溶解；解散distress n.忧虑，悲伤；不幸district n.区；地区，区域ditch n.沟，沟渠，渠道diverse a.不一样的，相异的dock n.船坞；码头；船厂domestic a.本国的；家庭的donkey n.驴；笨蛋dorm n.宿舍dose n.剂量，用量；一剂drain vt.排去；放水n.耗竭dread n.畏惧；KB vt.惧怕drip vi.滴下；漏水n.水滴drought n.旱灾，干旱drown vi.淹死，溺死drug n.药，药物，药材drum n.鼓；鼓状物，圆桶drunk a.醉的；陶醉的due a.预期的；应给的dumb a.哑的；无言的dump vt.倾卸，倾倒；倾销durable a.耐久的，耐用的duration n.持续，持久dwelling n.住处，寓所dye vt.染n.染料；染色eease n.容易，舒适vt.缓和echo n.回声，反响vi.重复elaborate a.复杂的；精心制作的elastic n.松紧带a.有弹性的elbow n.肘，肘部；弯管element n.成分；要素；元素elementary a.基本的；初级的eliminate vt.消灭，消除，排除elimination n.消灭，排除，消除embrace vt.拥抱；包括；包围emerge vi.出现，涌现；冒出emit vt.散发；发射；发表enclose vt.围住，圈起；附上encounter vt.遭遇，遇到n.遭遇endure vt.忍受；容忍engage vt.使从事于；聘用enormous a.巨大的，庞大的envelope n.信封；封套；封皮equivalent a.相等的；等量的era n.时代，年代；纪元erect vt.建造；使竖立evaporate vt.使蒸发vi.蒸发evolve vt.使进化；使发展exaggerate vt.&vi.夸大，夸张exceed vt.超过，胜过；超出exceedingly ad.极端地，非常excess n.超越；过量；过度excessive a.过多的，极度的exclaim vi.呼喊；惊叫exclude vt.把…排除在外exclusively ad.专门地excursion n.远足；短途旅行execute vt.将…处死；实施executive a.执行的n.执行者exert vt.尽(力)，运用exhaust vt.使筋疲力尽；用尽expansion n.扩大，扩充；扩张exploit vt.剥削；利用；开拓extensive a.广阔的；广泛的exterior a.外部的；对外的external a.外部的，外面的ffacility n.设备；容易；便利faculty n.才能，能力；系，科faint a.微弱的；虚弱的fair n.定期集市；博览会fame n.名声，名望famine n.饥荒；严重的缺乏fasten vt.扎牢，扣住fatal a.致命的；命运的fate n.命运，天数fatigue n.疲劳，劳累feasible a.可行的；可能的feature n.特征，特色；面貌federal a.联邦的；联盟的feeble a.虚弱的；微弱的fertile a.肥沃的；多产的fertilizer n.肥料filter vt.过滤n.滤纸flavour n.味，味道；风味fleet n.舰队；船队，机群flesh n.肉，肌肉；肉体flock n.羊群，群；大量flourish vi.繁荣，茂盛，兴旺flu n.流行性感冒fluid n.流体，液体flush vi.奔流；(脸)发红formation n.形成；构成；形成物formula n.公式，式fraction n.小部分；片断；分数fragment n.碎片，破片，碎块frank a.坦白的，直率的freight n.货运；货物；运费friction n.摩擦，摩擦力fry vt.油煎，油炸，油炒fulfil vt.履行；满足；完成furious a.狂怒的；狂暴的furnace n.炉子，熔炉；鼓风炉furnish vt.供应，提供；装备ggallon n.加仑gang n.一帮，一伙garage n.车库；加油站gaseous a.气体的，气态的gasp vi.气喘，喘息gauge vt.量，测量n.量器generate vt.发生；引起；生殖generator n.发电机；发生者genius n.天才，天赋，天资genuine a.真的；真正的germ n.微生物，细菌，幼芽glide vi.滑动；消逝n.滑行glitter vi.闪闪发光n.闪光gloomy a.黑暗的；令人沮丧的goose n.鹅，雌鹅gown n.长袍，长外衣grace n.优美，文雅；雅致graceful a.优美的，优雅的gracious a.有礼貌的；仁慈的grant n.授给物vt.授予grave n.坟墓a.严重的grieve vt.使悲痛vi.悲痛grind vt.磨(碎)；磨快grip vt.握紧，抓牢n.紧握groan vi.哼，呻吟n.呻吟grocer n.食品商；杂货商gross a.总的；严重的gulf n.海湾gum n.口香糖；树胶hhalt vi.停止；立定n.停住handkerchief n.手帕hare n.野兔harsh a.严厉的；刺耳的haste n.急速，急忙；草率hasten vt.催促vi.赶紧hasty a.急速的；仓促的hatred n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨hay n.干草hazard n.危险；公害headquarters n.司令部；总部heal vt.治愈；使和解heap n.(一)堆；大量hedge n.篱笆，树篱；障碍物heir n.后嗣，继承人hell n.地狱；极大的痛苦herd n.兽群，牧群vt.放牧hint n.暗示，示意；建议hollow a.空的；空洞的horn n.号角；警报器；角hostile a.敌方的；不友善的humid a.湿的，湿气重的hut n.小屋，棚屋hydrogen n.氢iidentical a.完全相同的；同一的idle a.空闲的；懒散的i.e. (=that is)那就是，即illustrate vt.(用图等)说明illustration n.说明，图解；例证mitate vt.模仿，仿效；仿制immense a.巨大的；极好的implication n.含义，暗示，暗指imply vt.暗示，意指imprison vt.关押，监禁；限制incline n.斜坡vt.使倾斜indefinite a.不明确的；不定的indicate vt.标示，表示；表明indication n.指示；表示；表明indifferent a.冷漠的；不积极的indignant a.愤慨的，义愤的indispensable a.必不可少的，必需的industrialize vt.使工业化inevitable a.不可避免的，必然的infant n.婴儿a.婴儿的infect vt.传染；感染inferior a.下等的；劣等的infinite a.无限的；无数的inhabit vt.居住于，栖息于inhabitant n.居民，住户inherit vt.继承(传统等)injection n.注射，注入；充满injury n.损害，伤害；受伤处inn n.小旅店；小酒店install vt.安装，设置installation n.安装；装置；设施instance n.例子，实例，事例instinct n.本能；直觉；生性institute n.研究所；学院institution n.协会；制度，习俗insufficient a.不足的；不适当的insult vt.&n.侮辱，凌辱intellectual n.知识分子a.智力的intense a.强烈的；紧张的intensity n.强烈，剧烈；强度intensive a.加强的；精耕细作的intention n.意图，意向，目的intentional a.故意的，有意识的interior a.内的；内地的n.内部intermediate a.中间的；中级的intimate a.亲密的；个人的introduce vt.介绍；引进，传入introduction n.介绍；引进；引言invade vt.入侵，侵略；侵袭invasion n.入侵，侵略；侵犯inward a.里面的ad.向内item n.条，条款；一条jjam n.果酱jam vt.使塞满；使堵塞jar n.罐子，坛子，广口瓶jet n.喷气式飞机；喷嘴jewish a.犹太人的jolly a.快活的；令人高兴的journal n.日报，杂志；日志jury n.陪审团；评奖团kkeen a.热心的；激烈的keeper n.看护人；饲养员kettle n.水壶，水锅knit vt.把…编结vi.编织knob n.门把，拉手；旋纽llabel n.标签；标记，符号lace n.鞋带，系带；花边lag vi.走得慢n.落后landlady n.女房东；女地主landlord n.地主；房东，店主lane n.(乡间)小路；跑道lap n.膝部；一圈laser n.激光lavatory n.盥洗室，厕所lawn n.草地，草坪，草场layer n.层，层次；铺设者layout n.布局，安排，设计lead n.铅，铅制品legend n.传说，传奇lens n.透镜，镜片；镜头lest conj.惟恐，以免lever n.杆，杠杆；控制杆liable a.易于…的；可能的liar n.说谎的人liberal a.心胸宽大的；慷慨的lieutenant n.陆军中尉；副职官员limb n.肢，臂，翼；树枝lime n.石灰linen n.亚麻布；亚麻织物liner n.班船，班机liquor n.酒；溶液，液剂locomotive n.火车头，机车lodge vi.暂住，借宿，投宿log n.原木，木料loop n.圈，环，环孔lord n.贵族；上帝，基督lorry n.运货汽车，卡车loyal a.忠诚的，忠心的loyalty n.忠诚，忠心lumber n.木材；木料；制材lump n.团，块；肿块mmagnet n.磁铁，磁石，磁体magnetic a.磁的，有吸引力的magnificent n.壮丽的；华丽的manly a.男子气概的，果断的manual a.体力的n.手册manufacture vt.制造n.制造；产品manufacturer n.制造商；制造厂marble n.大理石margin n.页边的空白；边缘marine a.海的；海上的marvelous a.奇迹般的；了不起的masterpiece n.杰作，名著mat n.席子；草席；垫子mayor n.市长meadow n.草地，牧草地mean a.自私的；吝啬的mean a.平均的n.平均值mercury n.水银，汞Mercury n.水星merit n.长处，优点；功过merry a.欢乐的，愉快的metric a.公制的，米制的midst n.中部，中间，当中might n.力量，威力，能力mill n.磨坊；制造厂minute a.微细的；详细的miserable a.痛苦的，悲惨的mislead vt.使误入岐途missile n.发射物；导弹mistress n.女主人；夫人moan n.呻吟声vi.呻吟moderate a.温和的；有节制的moist a.湿润的；多雨的moisture n.潮湿，湿气；温度molecule n.分子，克分子moral a.道德的；合乎道德的moreover ad.再者，加之，此外mortal a.终有一死的；致死的mould n.模子，模型vt.浇铸mouthful n.满口，一口，少量mute a.缄默的n.哑巴mutter vi.轻声低语；抱怨mutual a.相互的；共同的nnail n.钉；指甲vt.钉naked a.裸体的；无遮敝的namely ad.即，也就是nap n.小睡，打盹，瞌睡nasty a.龌龊的；淫猥的naughty a.顽皮的，淘气的navigation n.航行；航海术；导航nerve n.神经；勇敢，胆量nitrogen n.氮nonsense n.胡说，废话noticeable a.显而易见的；重要的nucleus n.核，核心；(原子)核nuisance n.讨厌的东西nylon n.尼龙，耐纶ooblige vt.迫使；施恩惠于obstacle n.障碍，障碍物，妨害occurrence n.发生，出现；事件odd a.奇数的；单只的odour n.气味，香气；味道omit vt.省略，省去；遗漏oppress vt.压迫，压制；压抑optical a.眼的；光学的orchestra n.管弦乐队ore n.矿，矿石，矿砂oriental a.东方的；东方国家的ornament n.装饰物；装饰orphan n.孤儿ounce n.盎司，英两outskirt n.外边，郊区oven n.炉，灶；烘箱owl n.猫头鹰，枭ppacific a.和平的n.太平洋pail n.桶，提桶painful a.使痛的；费力的palm n.手掌，手心；掌状物pan n.平底锅，盘子pane n.窗格玻璃panel n.专门小组；面，板pant n.气喘；心跳parade n.检阅paradise n.伊甸乐园；天堂parliament n.议会，国会paste n.糊，酱；浆湖pastime n.消遣，娱乐pave vt.铺，筑(路等)pearl n.珍珠；珍珠母peasant n.农民pebble n.卵石，细砾peculiar a.特有的；特别的peel vt.剥(皮)，削(皮)peep vi.(从缝隙中)偷看penetrate vt.穿过vi.穿入peninsula n.半岛pension n.抚恤金，年金perceive vt.察觉，发觉；理解perspective n.透视；远景；观点pessimistic a.悲观的；厌世的petroleum n.石油phase n.阶段；方面；相位pierce vt.剌穿vi.穿入pillar n.柱，柱子；栋梁pinch vt.捏，拧，掐掉pioneer n.拓荒者；先驱者pit n.坑，地坑；煤矿pitch n.沥青pitch vt.投，掷vi.投掷plantation n.种植园；栽植plaster n.灰泥；硬膏；熟石膏plentiful a.丰富的，富裕的plough n.犁vt.&vi.犁，耕pluck vt.采，摘；拉下n.拉plunge vt.使投入；使陷入plural a.复数的n.复数porch n.门廊，入口处porridge n.粥，麦片粥porter n.搬运工人portrait n.消像，画像postage n.邮费，邮资pot n.锅，壶，罐，盆pound vt.捣碎；舂烂；猛击precaution n.预防；警惕preceding a.在前的；在先的precious a.珍贵的，宝贵的preface n.序言，前言，引语preferable a.更可取的，更好的preliminary a.预备的，初步的premier n.总理，首相prescribe vt.命令；处(方) preserve vt.保护；保存；腌渍prevail vi.胜，优胜；流行priest n.教士，牧师，神父procession n.队伍，行列proclaim vt.宣告，宣布；表明prominent a.实起的；突出的prompt a.及时的vt.敦促pronoun n.代名词prospect n.展望；前景，前程prosperity n.繁荣；昌盛，兴旺prosperous a.繁荣的，昌盛的protest vt.&vi.&n.抗议provision n.供应；预备；存粮pudding n.布丁puff n.(一)喷，(一)吹pulse n.脉搏；脉冲，脉动punch vt.冲出n.冲压机punch vt.用拳猛击n.拳打pursuit n.追赶；追求；事务qquart n.夸脱(=2品脱)queer a.奇怪的，古怪的quilt n.被(子)rracial a.种族的，人种的rack n.搁物架；行李架rack vt.使苦痛，折磨racket n.球拍radar n.雷达，无线电探测器radiate vi.发射光线；辐射radioactive a.放射性的radioactivity n.放射性，放射(现象) radish n.小萝卜radium n.镭radius n.半径rage n.(一阵)狂怒，盛怒raid n.袭击；突然搜查rake n.耙子vi.耙；搜索rank n.排，横行；社会阶层ratio n.比，比率rational a.理性的；出于理性的raw a.未煮过的；未加工的realm n.王国，国土；领域reap vt.&vi.收割，收获rear n.后部，后面；背面rear vt.抚养，培养；栽种rebel vi.造反n.造反者rebellion n.造反；叛乱；反抗recall vt.回想；叫回；收回recite vt.&vi.背诵，朗诵recollect vt.回忆，追忆，想起reed n.芦苇，芦杆，芦丛reel n.卷轴，卷筒reference n.参考；出处；提及refine vt.&vi.精炼，提纯refreshment n.茶点，点心，便餐refusal n.拒绝refute vt.驳斥，反驳，驳倒regulate vt.管理，控制；调整rehearsal n.排练，排演；练习reign n.君主统治；支配rein n.缰绳vi.驾驭，控制reinforce vt.增援，支援；加强rejoice vi.欣喜，高兴relevant a.有关的，贴切的reluctant a.不愿的，勉强的remarkable a.异常的，非凡的remedy n.&vt.治疗；补救remote a.相隔很远的；冷淡的removal n.移动；迁移；除掉render vt.表示，给予；使得repent vi.悔悟，悔改vt.后悔repetition n.重复，反复represent vt.描绘；代表；象征reproach vt.&n.责备，指责reproduce vt.&vi.繁殖，生殖republic n.共和国，共和政体republican a.共和国的reserve vt.储备，保留；预定reservior n.水库；蓄水池residence n.居住；驻扎；住处resident a.居住的n.居民resolution n.坚决，坚定；决定resort vi.&n.求助，凭借respective 各自的，各个的respectively ad.各自地，分别地restless a.不安定的，焦虑的restore vt.恢复；归还；修补restrain vt.抑制，遏制；限制restraint n.抑制；遏制；克制resume vt.恢复；重新开始retain vt.保持，保留，保有retreat vi.(被迫)退却，后退reveal vt.展现；揭示，揭露revenge vt.替…报仇n.报仇reverse vt.颠倒，翻转n.背面revise vt.修订，校订；修改revolt vi.&n.反抗，造反revolutionary a.革命的n.革命者rib n.肋，肋骨ribbon n.缎带，丝带；带ridge n.脊；岭，山脉；垄rifle n.步枪，来复枪ring n.环形物(如圈、环等)rival n.竞争者a.竞争的roar vi.吼叫；呼喊n.吼robe n.长袍，长衣，浴衣rod n.杆，竿，棒root n.根，根子vi.生根rot vt.烂，腐坏n.腐烂rotary a.旋转的，转动的rotate vi.旋转vt.使旋转rotation n.旋转，转动；循环rotten a.腐烂的，发臭的rouse vt.唤醒，唤起；惊起row n.(一)排，(一)行row vt.划(船等) vi.划船rug n.小地毯；毛毯rust n.锈vi.生锈，氧化rusty a.生锈的；变迟钝的ssack n.袋，麻袋；开除sacred a.上帝的；神圣的saddle n.鞍子，马鞍saint n.圣徒；基督教徒salute n.招呼，行礼vi.行礼saucer n.茶托，浅碟sausage n.香肠，腊肠saw n.锯子vt.锯，锯开scale n.天平；.标度；比例；大小scar n.伤疤，伤痕；创伤scarce a.缺乏的；希有的scarcely ad.仅仅；几乎不scatter vt.使消散；撒；散播scene n.发生地点；道具scent n.气味，香味；香水scissors n.剪刀，剪子scope n.范围；余地，机会scorn n.轻蔑；嘲笑vt.轻蔑scout n.侦察员，侦察机scrape vt.&vi.&n.刮，擦scratch vt.&vi.&n.搔；抓scream vi.尖叫；呼啸screw n.螺旋，螺丝vt.拧紧secondary a.第二的；次要的semiconductor n.半导体senate n.参议院，上院sequence n.连续，继续；次序session n.会议，一段时间shallow a.浅的；浅薄的shave vt.剃，刮vi.修面shear vt.剪；剥夺vi.剪shed vt.流出；散发；脱落shed n.棚，小屋；贷棚shepherd n.牧羊人，羊倌shield n.盾；防护物vt.保护shilling n.先令shiver vi.颤抖，哆嗦n.冷颤shriek vi.尖声喊叫n.尖叫声signature n.署名，签字，签名silver n.银；银子；银器sin n.罪，罪孽vi.犯罪sketch n.略图；速写；概略slam vt.使劲关，砰地放下slit n.裂缝vt.切开，撕开slope n.倾斜；斜面vi.倾斜slum n.贫民窟，贫民区sly a.狡猾的；躲躲闪闪的smart a.巧妙的；洒脱的soak vt.浸，泡vi.浸泡sob vi.&n.啜泣，呜咽sober a.清醒的；适度的sole n.脚底，鞋底，袜底solemn a.庄严的；隆重的sophisticated a.老于世故的；高级的sore a.痛的；恼火的n.疮spade n.铲，铁锹span n.跨距；一段时间spear n.矛，枪specify vi.指定，详细说明specimen n.样本，标本，样品spectacle n.光景，景象；眼镜sphere n.球，圆体；范围spider n.蜘蛛spill vt.使溢出vi.溢出spiritual a.精神的，心灵的spit vi.吐vi.吐唾沫splash vt.&n.溅，泼，飞溅sponge n.海绵sponsor n.发起者vt.发起spontaneous a.自发的；本能的spoon n.匙，调羹sprinkle n.洒，撒；小雨spur n.刺激物vt.刺激stab vt.&vi.&n.刺，戳stable n.厩，马厩，牛棚stack n.堆，垛vt.堆积staircase n.楼梯，楼梯间stake n.桩；赌金；奖品stale n.陈腐的；走了气的standpoint n.立场，观点startle vt.使大吃一惊n.吃惊static a.静的；静态的steer vt.&vi.驾驶stem n.茎，(树)干vi.起源stern a.严厉的；坚定的steward n.乘务员，服务员stewardess n.空中小姐，女乘务员sticky a.粘性的；胶粘的stiff a.硬的；僵直的stiffen vt.使硬；使僵硬stimulate vt.刺激，激励，激发sting vt.刺；刺痛vi.&n.刺stir vt.动；拨动；激动stitch n.一针；针脚vt.缝stock n.原料；库存品；股本stocking n.长(统)袜stony a.多石的；冷酷的stool n.凳子stoop vi.俯身；弯身n.弯腰storey n.(层)楼strain vt.拉紧vi.尽力strap n.带子vt.捆扎strategy n.战略；策略strike vt.&vi.打，击n.罢工string n.线，细绳；一串strip vt.剥；夺去n.条带stroke n.打，击；鸣声；中风stroke vt.&n.抚，摩，捋structural a.结构的，构造的structure n.结构；构造vt.建造stuff n.材料vt.装，填，塞stumble vi.绊倒；犯错误submarine a.水下的n.潜水艇submerge vt.浸没vi.潜入水中subsequent a.随后的，后来的substantial a.物质的；坚固的suburb n.郊区，郊外，近郊succession n.连续；继任，继承successive a.连续的；接连的sulphur n.硫(磺)，硫黄superficial a.表面的；肤浅的supplement n.&vt.增补，补充surgery n.外科，外科手术surrender vt.交出vi.投降suspend vt.吊，悬；推迟suspicion n.怀疑，疑心，猜疑sustain vt.支撑；供养；忍受swamp n.沼泽，沼泽地swarm n.一大群vi.密集sway vi.摇动vt.摇；摇动swell vi.膨胀；隆起；增长swift a.快的；反应快的sympathetic a.同情的；和谐的sympathize vi.同情；同感，共鸣sympathy n.同情；一致，同感synthetic a.综合的；合成的ttag n.附加语；标签tailor n.裁缝vt.裁制衣服tame a.驯服的；顺从的tan n.棕褐色a.棕黄色的tap vt.& vi.& n.轻叩tap n.塞子；龙头vt.开发tedious a.冗长乏味的，沉闷的telegram n.电报telegraph n.电报机；电报temper n.韧度；心情，情绪tempt vt.引诱，诱惑；吸引temptation n.诱惑，引诱tenant n.承担人，房客，佃户tender a.嫩的；脆弱的tense n.时态，时tense a.拉紧的，绷紧的terrific a.可怕的；极大的territory n.领土，版图；领域textile n.纺织品a.纺织的thermometer n.温度计，寒暑表thorn n.刺，棘；荆棘；蒺藜thrive vi.兴旺，繁荣，旺盛throat n.咽喉，喉咙；嗓音throne n.宝座，御座；王位throng n.群thrust vt.插，刺n.插；讽刺timber n.木材，木料timid a.胆怯的；羞怯的tin n.锡；罐头tiny a.微小的，极小的toast n.烤面包vt.烘，烤toast n.祝酒；祝酒词tobacco n.烟草，烟叶torch n.火炬，火把；手电筒torrent n.奔流，激流，洪流torture n.拷问；折磨vt.拷打toss vt.&vi.扔，抛，掷tractor n.拖拉机；牵引车tragedy n.悲剧；惨事，惨案traitor n.叛徒，卖国贼tram n.(有轨)电车tramp n.流浪者，游民transfer vt.转移；调动vi.转移transistor n.晶体管transparent a.透明的；易识破的trap n.陷阱；诡计vt.诱骗tray n.(浅)盘，托盘，碟treason n.谋反，通敌，叛国罪treaty n.条约；协议，协定tremble vi.发抖，哆嗦；摇动tremendous a.极大的，非常的trend vi.伸向；倾向n.倾向tribe n.部落，宗族trick n.诡计；窍门vt.哄骗trifle n.小事，琐事；少许trim a.整齐的vt.使整齐triumph n.凯旋；胜利vi.成功troop n.军队；一群，大量tropical a.热带的trumpet n.喇叭，小号trunk n.树干；大衣箱，皮箱tuck vt.折短，卷起；塞tumble vi.摔倒，跌倒；打滚turbine n.叶轮机，汽轮机turbulent a.骚动的，骚乱的turnip n.萝卜，芜菁tyre n.轮胎，车胎uultimate a.最后的，最终的ultimately ad.最终，最后uncover vt.揭开…的盖子underneath ad.在下面，在底下undo vt.解开，打开；取消upside-down a.颠倒的，乱七八糟的utility n.效用，有用，实用utilize vt.利用utmost a.最远的n.极限utter a.完全的，彻底的utter vt.发出，说，讲vvacuum n.真空；真空吸尘器van n.大篷车，运货车vanity n.虚荣心，虚夸vapour n.汽，蒸气variable a.易变的n.变量variation n.变化，变动；变异veil n.面纱，面罩；遮蔽物velocity n.速度，速率velvet n.丝绒，天鹅绒venture n.&vi.冒险vt.敢于verify vt.证实，查证；证明vertical a.垂直的，竖式的vessel n.容器；船，飞船；管veteran n.老兵，老手vex vt.使烦恼，使恼火vibrate vt.使颤动vi.颤动vibration n.颤动，振动；摆动vice n.(老)虎钳vigorous a.朝气蓬勃的vine n.葡萄树vinegar n.醋vital a.生命的；有生命力的volt n.伏特，伏voltage n.电压volume n.卷，册；容积；音量wwage vt.开展(运动)waggon n.四轮运货马车waterproof a.不透水的，防水的weary a.疲倦的vt.使疲乏weave vt.织，编vi.纺织weed n.杂草，野草vi.除草weld vt.&n.焊接，熔接wheat n.小麦whilst conj.&n.当…的时候whip vt.鞭笞；搅打n.鞭子whirl vt.使回旋vi.&n.回旋whitewash vt.粉刷，涂白wicked a.坏的；令人厌恶的width n.宽阔，广阔；宽度wipe vt.& n.揩，擦wit n.智力，才智，智能withstand vt.抵挡，反抗worship n.礼拜；崇拜vt.崇拜wound n.创伤，伤vt.使受伤wreath n.花环，花圈，花冠wreck n.失事；残骸vt.破坏wrist n.腕，腕关节xyyield vt.&vi.出产n.产量zzeal n.热心，热情，热忱zealous a.热心的，热情的。
四级考试英语词汇速记16-日月星辰
ri是日的拼音，可以联想成日、太阳。
rib [rɪb]n. 肋骨；排骨；vt. 嘲笑；戏弄=ri + b=太阳+ 笔联想：太阳的笔是肋骨做的。
例句：She was taken to the hospital with broken ribs and a punctured lung. 她肋骨骨折、肺部穿孔，被送往医院。
rid [rɪd]v. 摆脱，消除；解除，免除=ri + d=太阳+ 弟弟联想：太阳摆脱了难缠的弟弟。
例句：Try and get rid of your visitors before I get there. 在我到达之前，想办法把你的客人打发走。
ridge [rɪdʒ]n. 山脊；山脉；隆起；脊；垄；vt. 使隆起；使形成脊状=rid + ge=摆脱+ 哥哥联想：小威为了摆脱哥哥，躲进隆起的山脉。
例句：I looked across the mountains, ridge upon ridge. 我放眼绵延起伏的群山。
fridge [frɪdʒ]n. 电冰箱=f + ridge=范范+ 山脉联想：范范在山脉里发现一个旧电冰箱。
例句：Put the meat in the fridge so it doesn't go bad. 把肉放进冰箱里，免得坏了。
refrigerator [rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪtər]n. 冰箱；冷藏库；制冰机，冷冻机=re + friger + ator名词后缀=re + fridge去d加r + ator名词后缀=重新+ 冰箱+ 表示：物=冰箱例句：This dessert can be served straight from the refrigerator. 这甜点从冰箱里拿出后即可食用。
rip [rɪp]n. 裂口；v. 扯破，撕坏；裂开=ri + p=太阳+ 皮皮虾联想：太阳被皮皮虾扯破，太阳裂开，有裂口。
例句：The flags had been ripped in two. 旗帜都被撕成了两半。
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2019年6月大学英语四级词汇讲解：sustain 英语四级词汇讲解丨考点归纳：sustain
This is a merry-go-ground that’s going very fast, and none of the institutionsbelieve they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.
英语四级译文:
这就像是一个转得飞快的旋转木马，没有任何一个学校认为自己可以承担单独行动的风险。
四级词汇讲解:
本句为并列句，主干为this is a merry-go-round, and none of the institutions believe。
前一个分句中that’s going very fast是merry-go-round的定语从句;第二个分句中they can sustain the risks oftrying to break away by themselves是believe的宾语从句。
merry-go-round在句中意为一连串繁忙活动，走马灯似的更迭，其本意为旋转木马。
break away的意思是脱离，逃脱，其后通常跟介词from。
如:
They broke away from the national union to form their own union.他们脱离了全国工会，组建了自己的工会。
by oneself的意思是单独，独自。
如:
The baby can now walk by himself.这个小宝宝现在可以自己走路了。
英语四级考点归纳:
及物动词sustain有以下含义及用法:
※意为维持(生命、生存)。
如:
A good breakfast will sustain you all morning.丰盛的早餐会让你整个上午都精力充沛。
※意为使保持。
如:
You should try to sustain the audience’s interest.你应该努力去
保持观众的兴趣。
※意为遭受，蒙受。
如:
The town sustained heavy losses in the flood.该城镇在洪水中遭受了惨重的损失。
※意为承受，支撑。
如:
The floor won’t sustain the weight of the piano.地板承受不了钢琴的重量。
※意为支持。
如:
There is no proof to sustain your views.没有证据支持你的观点。