Elastomer carbon black interaction

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高分子专业英语词汇汉译英

--- 均方末端距mean-aquare end-to-end distance 均方末端距- 非交联的uncross-linked 非交联的- 三维有序的three-dimensionally ordered 三维有序的- 三乙基硼氟酸羊triethyloxonium-borofluoride 三乙基硼氟酸羊- 射线光X-ray x射线 x光- 缨状微束理论fringed-micelle theory 缨状微束理论- 折叠链片晶理论folded-chain lamella theory 折叠链片晶理论- 逐步聚合step-growth polymerization 逐步聚合（表面）发粘的,粘连性tacky （表面）发粘的 ,粘连性（空间）排布，排列arrangement （空间）排布，排列（链）引发initiation （链）引发（链）终止terminate （链）终止（链）转移，（热）传递transfer （链）转移，（热）传递（生）面团，揉好的面dough （生）面团，揉好的面(作用于)分子间的intermolecular (作用于)分子间的氨基，氨基的amino 氨基，氨基的氨基甲酸酯urethane 氨基甲酸酯把…相互连接起来连接interlink 把…相互连接起来连接半晶semicrystalline 半晶半径radius 半径饱和saturation 饱和苯基锂phenyllithium 苯基锂苯基钠phenyl sodium 苯基钠变化，改变variation 变化，改变变形deformation 形变变形性，变形能力deformability 变形性，变形能力表面活性剂surfactant 表面活性剂表征成为…的特征characterize 表征成为…的特征玻璃（态）的glassy 玻璃态的玻璃化温度glass transition temperature 玻璃化温度玻璃态glassy 玻璃（态）的玻璃态的glassy state 玻璃态不饱和的unsaturated 不饱和的不规则性，不均匀的irregularity 不规则性，不均匀的不均匀的，非均匀的heterogeneous 不均匀的，非均匀的不了或缺的indispensable 不了或缺的不完全的imperfect 不完全的参数parameter 参数侧基pendant group 侧基缠结，纠缠entanglement 缠结，纠缠产率yield 产率超声波ultrasonic 超声波超速离心（分离）ultracentrifugation 超速离心（分离）撤出evacuate 撤出沉淀，澄清settle 沉淀，澄清沉降（法）sedimentation 沉降（法）衬里，贴面line 衬里，贴面成分ingredient 成分成型shaping 成型尺寸dimension 尺寸尺寸稳定性dimensional stability 尺寸稳定性稠度，粘稠度consistency 稠度，粘稠度纯度purity 纯度醇（碱金属）烯催化剂Alfin catalyst 醇（碱金属）烯催化剂催化剂，触媒catalyst 催化剂，触媒脆的，易碎的brittle 脆的，易碎的错位，位错dislocation 错位，位错大分子，高分子macromelecule 大分子，高分子单官能度的monofunctional 单官能度的单键single bond 单键单体monomer 单体单轴的uniaxial 单轴的弹性模量elastic modulus 弹性模量弹性体elastomer 弹性体弹性指数slastic parameter 弹性指数当量的，化学计算量的stoichiometric 当量的，化学计算量的导电材料conductive material 导电材料等规立构的isotactic 等规立构的丁二烯butadiene 丁二烯丁基锂butyllithium 丁基锂定向，取向orient 定向，取向定向orientation 定向动力学kinetics 动力学动力学链长kinetic chain length 动力学链长断裂rupture 断裂堆积物，沉积deposit 堆积物，沉积堆砌packing 堆砌多分散的polydisperse 多分散的多分散性polydispersity 多分散性多官能度的polyfunctional 多官能度的多孔性，孔隙率porosity 多孔性，孔隙率二（元）胺diamine 二（元）胺二（元）醇diol 二（元）醇二（元）酸diacid 二（元）酸二次成型secondary shaping operation 二次成型二聚物（体）dimer 二聚物（体）二烯烃diolefin 二烯烃二元的dibasic 二元的反应物，试剂reactent 反应物，试剂反应性，活性reactivity 反应性，活性反应性的，活性的reactive 反应性的，活性的芳香（族）的aromatic 芳香（族）的非弹性的nonelastic 非弹性的分级fractionation 分级分解，分散，分离disintegrate 分解，分散，分离分解decomposition 分解分类（法）categorization 分类（法）分散剂dispersant 分散剂分子量molecular weight distribution 分子量分布分子量分布molecular weight 分子量粉状的powdery 粉状的副作用side reaction 副作用改性modify 改性隔离基团spacer group 隔离基团各项同性的isotropic 各项同性的功能聚合物functional polymer 功能聚合物功能聚合物functionalized polymer 功能聚合物共聚（合）copolymerization 共聚（合）共聚物copolymer 共聚物构象conformation 构象固有的intrinsic 固有的官能团functional group 官能团光敏剂photosensitizer 光敏剂光气，碳酰氯phosgene 光气，碳酰氯光散射light scattering 光散射合成synthesis 合成合成synthesize 合成合成的synthetic 合成的核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振核径迹探测器nuclear track detector 核径迹探测器红外光谱法infrared spectroscopy 红外光谱法花纹，图样式样pattern 花纹，图样式样缓释剂corrosion inhibitor 缓释剂机理mechanism 机理基体，结晶crystal 基体，结晶基体，母体，基质，矩阵matrix 基体，母体，基质，矩阵挤出extrusion 注射成型挤压squeeze 挤压加成聚合物，加聚物addition polymer 加成聚合物，加聚物加工，成型processing 加工，成型加重，恶化aggravate 加重，恶化夹杂（带）的occluded 夹杂（带）的假定的，理想的，有前提的hypothetical 假定的，理想的，有前提的间歇式的intermittent 间歇式的碱金属alkali metal 碱金属键断裂能bond dissociation energy 键断裂能降解depropagation 降解交联crosslinking 交联胶体colloid 胶体搅拌agitation 搅拌结构，组织texture 结构，组织结晶的crystalline 晶体，晶态，结晶的，晶态的结晶性，结晶度crystallinity 结晶性，结晶度解除，松开release 解除，松开解聚depolymerization 解聚介质中等的，中间的medium 介质中等的，中间的界限，范围boundary 界限，范围晶体，晶态，结晶的，晶态的crystalline 结晶的竞聚率reactivity ratio 竞聚率聚苯烯polypropylene 聚苯烯聚苯乙烯polystyrene 聚苯乙烯聚丁烯polybutene 聚丁烯聚合（物）的polymeric 聚合（物）的聚合度degree of polymerization 聚合度聚合物【体】，高聚物polymer 聚合物【体】，高聚物聚氯乙烯polyvinylchloride 聚氯乙烯聚酰胺polyamide 聚酰胺聚乙烯polyethylene 聚乙烯聚乙烯醇polyvinyl alcohol 聚乙烯醇聚酯化（作用）polyesterification 聚酯化（作用）开链unzippering 开链开始，着手commence 开始，着手抗静电剂antistatic agent 抗静电剂抗氧剂antioxidant 抗氧剂抗张强度tensile strength 抗张强度控制释放controlled release 控制释放口模成型dieforming 口模成型扩散diffuse 扩散拉直，拉长stretch 拉直，拉长冷冻水chilled water 冷冻水离解dissociate 离解离心centrifuge 离心离子ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂离子的ionic polymerization 离子型聚合离子交换树脂ion 离子离子型聚合ionic 离子的理想的，概念的ideal 理想的，概念的力学性能，机械性能mechanical property 力学性能，机械性能立构规整性【度】srereoregularity 立构规整性【度】连锁反应chain reaction 连锁反应链段segment 链段链段segment 链段链间的interchain 链间的链终止chain termination 链终止流动性mobility 流动性流体静力学hydrostatic 流体静力学硫化vulcanization 硫化络合物complex 络合物氯（气）chlorine 氯（气）氯乙烯vinyl 乙烯基（的）密度density 密度密封seal 密封模塑成型moulding 模塑成型模型model 模型逆流countercurrent 逆流黏弹态viscoelastic 黏弹性的黏弹性的viscoelastic state 黏弹态黏度viscosity average molecular weight 黏均分子量黏均分子量viscosity 黏度黏流态viscofluid state 黏流态凝胶gel 凝胶农药，化肥agrochemical 农药，化肥排列成行align 排列成行配方formulation 配方喷洒sprinkle 喷洒片晶platelet 片晶平衡equilibrium 平衡潜在的latent 潜在的嵌入，埋入，包埋imbed 嵌入，埋入，包埋强度strength 强度氢（气）hydrogen bonding 氢键氢键hydrogen 氢（气）取代，代替substitution 取代，代替缺陷defect 缺陷热成型thermoforming 热成型热传递heat transfer 热传递热固性的thermoset 热固性的热解pyrolysis 热解热力学地thermondynamically 热力学地热塑性的thermoplastic 热塑性的溶剂solvent 溶剂溶解dissolution 溶解溶解度solubility 溶解度溶胀swell 溶胀溶胀的swollen 溶胀的熔化的molten 熔化的柔量compliance 柔量柔软的flexible 柔软的三苯甲基钾triphenylenthyl potassium 三苯甲基钾三聚物（体）trimer 三聚物（体）三氯化铁titanium trichloride 三氯化铁三元的，叔（特）的tertiary 三元的，叔（特）的筛子，筛分scalp 筛子，筛分熵entropy 熵伸长率，延伸率elongation 伸长率，延伸率渗透性permeability 渗透性生物（学）的biological 生物（学）的生物医学的biomedical 生物医学的生长链，活性链growing chain 生长链，活性链食盐common salt 食盐使…变形，扭曲distort 使…变形，扭曲使…溶解dissolve 使…溶解使脱氢dehydrogenate 使脱氢收缩retract 收缩数均分子量number average molecular weight 数均分子量双键double bond 双键四氯化钛titanium tetrachloride 四氯化钛四氢呋喃tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃塑料plastics 塑料碎屑，碎片fragment 碎屑，碎片羧基carboxyl 羧基羧基酸hydocy acid 羧基酸缩（合）聚（合）polycondensation 缩（合）聚（合）缩合聚合物，缩聚物condensation polymer 缩合聚合物，缩聚物太阳能solar energy 太阳能炭char 炭特性peculiarity 特性烃基hydroxyl 烃基同时，同步simultaneously 同时，同步统计的statistical 统计的涂覆coating 涂覆脱单塔stripping tower 脱单塔脱水dewater 脱水外形，轮廓contour 外形，轮廓烷基铝aluminum alkyl 烷基铝微晶crystallite 微晶稳定剂stabilizer 稳定剂稳定性stability 稳定性污物contaminant 污物无定型的，非晶体的amorphous 无定型的，非晶体的无规降解random decomposition 无规降解无规立构的atactic 无规立构的无规线团random coil 无规线团无机聚合物inorganic polymer 无机聚合物烯丙基allyl 烯丙基烯烃的olefinic 烯烃的细分区分subdivide 细分区分纤维fiber 纤维酰胺化（作用）amidation 酰胺化（作用）线团coil 线团线团状的coiling 线团状的相互作用interaction 相互作用想象，推测imagine 想象，推测橡胶rubber 橡胶橡胶态的rubbery 橡胶态的消除，打开，除去eliminate 消除，打开，除去小球，液滴，颗粒globule 小球，液滴，颗粒形变deformation 变形形态（学）morphology 形态（学）型柸parison 型柸性能，行为behavior 性能，行为性能，特征performance 性能，特征絮凝剂flocculating agent 絮凝剂旋转，回旋gyration 旋转，回旋压延calendering 压延成型压延成型calendering 压延衍射diffraction 衍射阳（正）离子的cationic 阳（正）离子的氧鎓羊oxonium 氧鎓羊药品，药物，药物的，医药的pharmaceutical 药品，药物，药物的，医药的药品，药物drug 药品，药物液晶liquid crystal 液晶依数性colligative 依数性乙烯基（的）vinyl ether 乙烯基醚乙烯基醚vinyl chloride 氯乙烯异丙醇金属，异丙氧化金属isopropylate 异丙醇金属，异丙氧化金属异丁烯isobutylene 异丁烯异氰酸酯isocyanate 异氰酸酯阴（负）离子的anionic 阴（负）离子的引发剂initiator 引发剂引力，吸引attraction 引力，吸引硬度hardness 硬度油轮，槽车tanker 油轮，槽车有规立构的，立构规整性的stereoregular 有规立构的，立构规整性的淤浆slurry 淤浆运动，流动mobilize 运动，流动杂质impurity 杂质载体carrier 载体增进，改善improve 增进，改善粘稠的viscous 粘稠的照射，辐射irradiation 照射，辐射真是的real 真是的争论，争议controversy 争论，争议正[阳]离子cation 正[阳]离子正的，阳（性）的positive 正的，阳（性）的脂肪（族）的aliphatic 脂肪（族）的酯化（作用）esterification 酯化（作用）中性的neutral 中性的种类，类型category 种类，类型重复单元repeating unit 重复单元重均分子量weight average molecular weight 重均分子量主链，骨干backbone 主链，骨干助催化剂cocatalyst 助催化剂注射成型extrusion 挤出转化conversion 转化率转化率conversion 转化转矩torsion 转矩自由基radical polymerization 自由基聚合自由基聚合radical 自由基阻燃剂flame retardant 阻燃剂最佳的，最佳值[点，状态]optimum 最佳的，最佳值[点，状态]最小化minimise 最小化最小值，最小的minimum 最小值，最小的() 模型mo(u)lding 模型活化（作用）activation 活化（作用）手风琴手风琴。

纳米材料与蛋白相互作用

Xingchen Zhao,† Fang Hao,† Dawei Lu,† Wei Liu,‡ Qunfang Zhou,*,† and Guibin Jiang†
†
Downloaded by RES CENTER OF ECO ENVIR SCIENCE RCEES on September 15, 2015 | Publication Date (Web): August 13, 2015 | doi: 10.1021/acsami.5b05895
Received: July 1, 2015 Accepted: August 7, 2015 Published: August 7, 2015
18880
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05895 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 18880−18890
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces α-Chymotrypsin (α-ChT) is an important digestive enzyme component in pancreatic juice, and it performs proteolysis in the duodenum. It is commonly used as an excellent enzyme model for studying the nanomaterial-induced enzymatic activity inhibition because of its well-deﬁned structure and extensively characterized enzymatic properties. In this work, we focused on the structure and activity changes of α-ChT when they were absorbed onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with gradient functionalization densities. A combination of techniques like ﬂuorescence, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, ζ-potential analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay was used to detail the interaction between CNTs and α-ChT in the hope of revealing the role of the CNT functional group density. The ﬁndings regarding the protein structural and activity alterations provide fundamental understandings for the toxicological eﬀects of CNTs.

o_ring德国宝色霞板

Axial
max. min.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 O-ring cross section d2
9 10
mm
Figure 16
Compression forces on the O-Ring circumference depending on the material
1.8
2.65 3.55 5.3 O-Ring cross section d2 in mm
Edition March 2003 38
O-Ring
Installation over threads, splines etc. Should the O-Ring have to be stretched over threads, splines, keyways etc., then an assembly mandrel is essential. This mandrel can either be manufactured in a soft metal or a plastic material obviously without burrs or sharp edges. Automatic installation Automatic O-Ring installation requires good preparation. The surfaces of the O-Rings are frequently treated by several methods (see chapter ”O-Ring friction reduced”). This offers a number of benefits during installation by - Reducing the installation forces - Non-stick effects, easy removal The handling and installation of dimensionally unstable components requires a great deal of experience. Reliable automated installation thus demands special handling and packing of the O-Rings. Please ask our specialists for further details. Figure 14 O-Ring contact pressure installed and under service pressure

Improve (40)

Inﬂuence of Untreated and Novel Electron-Beam-Modiﬁed Surface-Coated Silica Filler on the Thermorheological Properties of Ethylene–Octene CopolymerSudip Ray,1Anil K.Bhowmick,1S.Swayajith21Rubber Technology Centre,Indian Institute of Technology,Kharagpur721302,India2John F.Welch Technology Centre(GEITC Pvt.,Ltd.),Sy#152,Export Promotion Industrial Park,Phase2,Hoodi Village,Whiteﬁeld Road,Bangalore560066,IndiaReceived17January2003;accepted24March2003ABSTRACT:We developed surface-modiﬁed silicaﬁllers by coating these with an acrylate monomer,trimethylolpro-pane triacrylate,or a silane coupling agent,triethoxyvinyl silane,followed by electron-beam irradiation at room tem-perature.These were incorporated in an ethylene–octene copolymer rubber.Thermorheological studies of the unvul-canized ethylene–octene copolymer and its untreated and modiﬁed silica-ﬁlled composites were done with a shear dynamic oscillating rheometer.Modiﬁcation of the silica ﬁller,especially via the silanization process followed by electron beam treatment,signiﬁcantly reducedﬁller–ﬁller networking as revealed from the log–log plots of storage modulus and complex shear viscosity,and its real compo-nent.The rheological complexity of the compositions was analyzed from a double logarithmic plot of the storage mod-ulus and loss modulus.The results obtained from the master curves constructed on the basis of the time–temperature superposition principle and the activation energy calculated from the Arrhenius equation for theﬂow of above these compounds further supported theseﬁndings.©2003Wiley Periodicals,Inc.J Appl Polym Sci90:2453–2459,2003Key words:surfaces;modiﬁcation;silicas;electron beam irradiation;viscoelastic propertiesINTRODUCTIONThe rheological characteristics of an unvulcanized rubber and itsﬁlled compounds are of considerable importance in both the processing and forming oper-ations.All viscoelastic materials behave more or less like a solid(elastic)or liquid(viscous)depending on the rate at which they are deformed.This behavior is related to the fact that strained macromolecules tend to pull back to their original shape.1,2The various steps of rubber processing generally involve aﬂow state,and therefore,prediction of their performance and control require a knowledge of both the viscous and elastic properties of the rubber compound.Rheo-logical measurements determine both the viscosity and elasticity of theﬂuid as a function of frequency.3 The viscous behavior determines the throughput,and the elastic properties are important for the dimen-sional stability.The presence of aﬁller signiﬁcantly inﬂuences the rheological properties ofﬁlled compos-ites.4–10Recently,the processing behavior ofﬁnely divided silica in combination with a bifunctional si-lane was studied.11,12In our previous article,we reported a new method of surface modiﬁcation by the coating of theﬁllers with an acrylate monomer,trimethylolpropane tria-crylate(TMPTA),or with an organosilane,tri-ethoxyvinyl silane(TEVS),followed by the electron beam irradiation of the coatedﬁller.13A consider-able improvement in the hydrophobicity of the treated silicaﬁller was observed from the character-ization studies.The incorporation of these modiﬁed ﬁllers in a new-generation elastomer based on a homogeneous ethylene–octene copolymer led to a signiﬁcant improvement in its mechanical14and dy-namic mechanical properties.15Also,the incorpora-tion of these modiﬁedﬁllers in an ethylene–octene copolymer successfully reduced theﬁller–ﬁller in-teraction,which in turn reduced the formation of big agglomerates and improved theﬁller dispersion in the rubber matrix.15Although,there has been some work on the rheological properties of the eth-ylene–octene copolymer,this has been done mostly on polyoleﬁn blends where this copolymer was used as a second component in the blend.16–19There is virtually no literature on the reinforcement of this rubber with silicaﬁller.This study dealt with the effect of the incorporation of untreated and novel electron-beam-modiﬁed surface-coated silicaﬁller on the shear dynamic viscoelastic behavior of an unvulcanized ethylene–octene copolymer.Correspondence to: A.K.Bhowmick(anilkb@rtc.iitkgp. ernet.in).Journal of Applied Polymer Science,Vol.90,2453–2459(2003)©2003Wiley Periodicals,Inc.EXPERIMENTALMaterialsA general purpose polyoleﬁn elastomer,Engage௡8150,was kindly provided by DuPont-Dow Elas-tomers(Freeport,TX).The silicaﬁller,VULKASIL S (speciﬁc surface areaϭ175m2/g determined by ni-trogen adsorption method according to ISO5794/1, Annex-D;pHϭ6.4and volatile matterϭ5.8%)was provided by Bayer A.G.(Leverkusen,Germany).The acrylate monomer,TMPTA(ﬂash pointϾ100°C,boil-ing pointϾ100°C,speciﬁc gravityϭ1110kg/m3), and the silane coupling agent,TEVS(boiling point ϭ160–161°C),were supplied by UCB Chemicals (Drogenbos,Belgium)and Aldrich Chemical Co.,Inc. (Milwaukee,WI),respectively.Filler modificationWe modiﬁed the surface of the silicaﬁllers by coating them with an acrylate monomer,TMPTA,or with an organosilane,TEVS,followed by irradiation of the coatedﬁller via the electron beam technique at room temperature.The speciﬁcations of the electron beam accelerator were mentioned in detail in our earlier article.13Formulations of the various surface-treated silicaﬁllers are presented in Table I.Preparation of the rubber–filler compositeFor a comparative study,both unmodiﬁed and mod-iﬁed silicaﬁllers were incorporated into the rubber. The formulations of the different mixes are given in Table II.The mixing was carried out in a Brabender plasticorder(PLE330)(Brabender OHG,Germany)at a rotor speed of60rpm at100°C.First,the rubber was loaded into the Brabender and allowed to soften for1 min.Then,theﬁller was incorporated into the rubber and was mixed for3min followed by a single pass through a two-roll mill.Finally,the compound was remixed in the Brabender for2min and passed through the two-roll mill.The sheeted-out stocks were compression-molded in an electrically heated hydraulic press at150°C for3min at5MPa of pressure and were then cooled under pressure by water circulation through the hot mold.Dynamic viscoelastic measurementsThe rheological characterization of the molded com-pounds was carried out in oscillatory shearﬂow as a function of frequency(␻)and temperature using an ARES,3A rheometer Rheometric Scientiﬁc,Inc.(Pis-cataway,NJ)with a25-mm parallel plate geometry. Measurements were done at four different tempera-tures,90,110,130,and150°C,with a␻ranging be-tween0.016and16.0Hz under an imposed strain of 1%,which was selected from previously made strain sweeps to ensure a linear relation between the stress and deformation.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONEffect of the surface-modified silica filler on rheological properties:Dependence of dynamic storage modulus(G؅)and loss modulus(G؆)on(␻) The plots of GЈversus␻for the unﬁlled and uncured ethylene–octene copolymer and its15-phr-loaded,un-treated,and surface-modiﬁed silica-ﬁlled composites at 90and150°C are presented in Figure1.With increasing ␻,GЈincreased for all of the compounds,that is,GЈwas strongly␻-dependent as the materials were stiffer at higher␻’s.The unﬁlled ethylene-octene copolymer rub-ber(UE)showed lower GЈvalues compared to itsﬁlled composites throughout the␻range under consideration. Incorporation of the silicaﬁller in the ethylene–octene copolymer rubber increased GЈdue toﬁller action,and the effect was more pronounced at lower temperatures and␻lower␻s.Interestingly,GЈwas also dependent on theﬁller type.For example,at90°C,the GЈof the un-treated silicaﬁlled rubber(UEV00015)was2.8ϫ104and 1.1ϫ106Pa at␻ϭ0.016and16.0Hz,respectively. When thisﬁller was replaced by acrylated and electron-beam-irradiated silica(UEVM10315),GЈdropped to1.9ϫ104and0.9ϫ106Pa,respectively.A further reduction in these values to1.7ϫ104and0.6ϫ106Pa,respec-tively,was noted in the case of the silanized and elec-TABLE IIFormulations of Different MixesMixdesignationEthylene–octenecopolymer(phr)SilicaType Amount(phr) UE100——UEVM10315100VM10315 UEV00015100V15 UEVV00315100VV00315 UEVV10315100VV10315 UEVV10330100VV10330 UEVV10350100VV10350TABLE IFormulations of the Various Surface-TreatedSilica FillersFiller designation VULKASIL S(g)TMPTA(g)TEVS(g)Radiationdose(kGy)V100———VM1031003—100VV003100—3—VV103100—31002454RAY,BHOWMICK,AND SWAYAJITHtron-beam-irradiated silica-ﬁlled rubber (UEVV10315).This ﬁnding was presumably governed by the aggre-gate–aggregate interaction.Due to the presence of highly populated surface silanol groups,there was a tendency of silica ﬁller aggregates to associate through strong hy-drogen bonds to form agglomerates.This may have led to a chain-like ﬁller structure,generally termed a second-ary structure or ﬁller network.In addition,rubber trapped within the ﬁller agglomerates or secondary structure may have considerably increased the modulus value in the untreated silica ﬁlled compound.Also,as shown in Figure 1,at 150°C,the G Јvalues of the ﬁlled polymers overlapped with the unﬁlled polymer at ␻ranges of 1–10Hz,which implied the breaking of the ﬁller–ﬁller association from low shear to high shear.In our earlier study,the surface treatment of silica ﬁllerwith acrylate and a silane coupling agent followed by electron beam treatment signiﬁcantly improved the hy-drophobicity of the ﬁller,13and hence,it reduced the surface polarity of the silica ﬁller,which in turn,helped to reduce the secondary structure formation and im-proved the ﬁller dispersion.As a result,the acrylated and the silanized silica-ﬁlled compounds showed lower G Јvalues compared to their untreated counterpart.Our earlier investigations based on the morphological studies of these silica-ﬁlled composites by atomic force micros-copy clearly showed a reduction in ﬁller aggregate size and improved ﬁller dispersion in the rubber matrix due to this surface modiﬁcation.A decrease in the minimum torque values observed in rheometric studies and reduc-tion of structure breakdown due to these surface modi-ﬁcations were also noted in our earlier study,15which further supported these ﬁndings.As mentioned earlier,G Јis related to the elastic be-havior of the material and may be considered the amount of stored energy,whereas G Љrepresents the amount of dissipated energy.The dependence of G Јand G Љon the ␻measures the relative motion of the mole-cules in the bulk,which can provide important informa-tion about the ﬂow behavior of melts.Figure 2displays log–log plots of G Јagainst G Љ(Han plot)20for the unﬁlled and uncured ethylene–octene copolymer and its un-treated and surface-modiﬁed silica-ﬁlled composites at 15-phr loading at different temperatures.The unﬁlled rubber (UE)exhibited temperature independence in the Han plot,which could be ascribed to the thermorheo-logical simplicity of the melt in the range of ␻s covered in this study.This implied that all of the relaxation processes that determined the observed rheological be-havior of the polymer had the same dependency with temperature [the same ﬂow activation energy (E a )],that is,the melt was homogeneous at the four differenttem-Figure 2Log–log plot of G Јversus G Љfor unﬁlled and silica-ﬁlled ethylene–octene copolymer rubbers at differenttemperatures.Figure 3Log–log plot of ␩*and its real component ␩Јagainst ␻for unﬁlled and silica-ﬁlled ethylene–octene co-polymer rubbers at90°C.Figure 1G Јversus ␻plots for unﬁlled and silica-ﬁlled ethylene–octene copolymer rubbers at (A)90and (B)150°C.SILICA FILLER AND ETHYLENE–OCTENE COPOLYMER 2455peratures (90,110,130,and 150°C)under consideration.For the melt containing untreated silica (UEV00015),the initial values were slightly scattered followed by a downward tailing,which may have been due to the formation of a heterogeneous melt structure.The acry-lated and electron-beam-treated silica-ﬁlled compound (UEVM10315)behaved similarly to the untreated silica-ﬁlled compound,whereas the silanized and electron-beam-treated silica-ﬁlled compound (UEVV10315)showed a proximity toward the behavior of the unﬁlled rubber.Thus,the melt rheology of the untreated silica ﬁlled compound was highly inﬂuenced by the ﬁller ag-gregation.Although the acrylate treatment somewhat reduced the ﬁller–ﬁller interaction,as noticed in the ear-lier cases,a considerable amount of this effect still per-sisted in this compound.However,the silane treatment successfully reduced the ﬁller aggregation as a result of which the silanized and electron-beam-treated silica-ﬁlled compound behaved similarly to the unﬁlled rub-ber.Effect of the surface-modified silica filler on rheological properties:Dependence of dynamic viscosity on frequencyIn oscillatory dynamic mechanical analysis,two com-ponents of complex viscosity [␩*;deﬁned as ␩*ϭ␩ЈϪi ␩Љ,where ␩Јis the real part of the viscosity and ␩Љis the imaginary part of the viscosity)measure the dissipated and stored energy per cycle of oscillation,respectively.These are related with G Љand G Ј,respec-tively,by the following equations:␩Ј͑␻͒ϭG Љ͑␻͒/␻(1)␩Љ͑␻͒ϭG Ј͑␻͒/␻(2)Figure 3presents the dependence of the ␩*and ␩Јon the logarithm of the investigated frequencies for both the unﬁlled and the silica-ﬁlled compounds at 90°C.Both the unﬁlled and the silica-ﬁlled rubbers exhibited pseudoplastic behaviors;that is,with in-creasing frequency (which is a measure of shear rate),the viscosity decreased.The variation of ␩*and ␩Јwith respect to frequency gave us an idea about the elastic and viscous components of the compound.In-terestingly,in all of the cases,␩*was lower than ␩Ј.Like with G Ј,the unﬁlled ethylene–octene copolymer rubber showed lower viscosity values compared to its ﬁlled composites throughout the ␻range under con-sideration.The incorporation of the silica ﬁller in the ethylene–octene copolymer rubber increased the vis-cosity,which may have due to the ﬁller effect;for example,␩*values for UEV00015were 53.2ϫ104and 1.1ϫ104Pas at ␻ϭ0.016and 16.0Hz,respectively.These were reduced to 39.2ϫ104and 0.9ϫ104Pa s,respectively,when this ﬁller was replaced by acry-lated and electron-beam-treated silica ﬁller (UEVM10315).These values were further reduced to 32.2ϫ104and 0.6ϫ104Pas,respectively,when the silanized and electron-beam-treated silica ﬁller (UEVV10315)was incorporated.␩Јbehaved similarly to ␩*.As stated earlier,silanization followed by radi-ation treatment reduced the ﬁller–ﬁller interaction,and,consequently,the viscosity values decreased.Due to the thermorheologically simple nature of these compounds,the time–temperature superposi-tion principle was suitable for generating the master curves.The representative master curves of the G Јand ␩*viscosity of silanized and electron-beam-treatedsil-Figure 4Representative master curves of G Јand ␩*of the silanized and electron-beam-irradiated silica-ﬁlled ethyl-ene–octene copolymer rubber.TABLE IIIPower Law Coefﬁcients of Unﬁlled and Silica-Filled Compositesat Different TemperaturesComposition Temperature (°C)90110130150k (Pa s n )n k (Pa s n )n k (Pa s n )n k (Pa s n )n UE4.560.48 4.420.56 4.290.61 4.160.66UEV00015 4.850.44 4.550.47 4.350.53 4.250.55UEVM10315 4.750.45 4.440.48 4.310.54 4.220.56UEVV103154.620.444.550.504.350.544.220.562456RAY,BHOWMICK,AND SWAYAJITHica-ﬁlled (UEVV10315)ethylene–octene copolymer at the reference temperature of 150°C are presented in Figure 4.The shift factors obtained from these curves were used to derive the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF)coefﬁcients C 1and C 2to quantify the temperature–frequency dependence of the dynamic properties of these compounds.The C 1and C 2values for the control silica-ﬁlled rubber (UEV00015)were 2.5and 233.0,respectively.The values obtained for the ac-rylated and electron-beam-treated silica-ﬁlled com-pound (UEVM10315)were 2.3and 241.6,respec-tively,comparable to that of the control compound,whereas a noticeable drop in those values (1.2and 142.5,respectively)was observed for the silanized and electron-beam-treated silica-ﬁlled rubber (UEVV10315).Thus,the reduced effect of ﬁller–ﬁller interaction due to silanization was nicely reﬂected in these values.All of these compounds showed pseudoplastic be-havior with decreasing viscosity with increasing fre-quency.␩*was presumed to obey the power law against ␻by the equation␩*ϭk ͑␻͒n Ϫ1(3)The power law coefﬁcients n and k for these com-pounds at different temperatures obtained from the log–log plot of ␩*versus ␻are shown in Table III.The power law index,n ,represents the pseudoplasticity of the compounds,which slightly increased with increas-ing temperature,suggesting less non-Newtonian be-havior of the systems at higher temperatures.The n values did not alter when the ﬁller was varied.How-ever,the n values of the unﬁlled rubber were signiﬁ-cantly higher than the ﬁlled systems except at 90°C,where the n values of the unﬁlled rubber were equal to those of the ﬁlled system.This behavior again indi-cated a change in the ﬁller–ﬁller association due to a change in shear rate.The power law coefﬁcient,k ,is a measure of viscosity at unit frequency.In all of thecases,a slight decrease in k was observed with increas-ing temperature.The E a values for the ﬂow of the blends were mea-sured from the slope of the logarithmic plot of ␩*at a ﬁxed ␻against the reciprocal of the absolute temper-ature (T),according to the Arrhenius equation␩*ϭAe E a /RT(4)where A is an arbitrary constant and R ϭ8.314JK Ϫ1mol Ϫ1is the universal gas constant.Figure 5shows the Arrhenius plot for the untreated and the surface-mod-iﬁed silica-ﬁlled ethylene–octene copolymer rubber at a ␻of 0.1Hz.The E a values for these compounds at three different frequencies are shown in Table IV.In all cases,E a decreased with increasing frequency.The untreated silica-ﬁlled compound (UEV00015)exhib-ited a higher E a compared to the modiﬁed silica-ﬁlled compounds.A drop in E a was noted when the control ﬁller was substituted by the acrylated and electron-beam-treated silica ﬁller.For example,at 0.1Hz,E a for the control and the previously mentioned modiﬁed ﬁlled rubber were 36.8and 32.2kJ/mol,respectively,which was further reduced to 27.6kJ/mol in the case of the silanized and electron-beam-treated silica-ﬁlled compound.As mentioned previously,the surface modiﬁcation of silica ﬁller considerably reduced the ﬁller–ﬁller interaction,especially in the case of the silanized compound,and this was reﬂected in the E a values.Effect of filler loading and electron beam treatment on the surface modification of silanized silica filler and its influence on rheological propertiesFigure 6depicts the plots of G Јwith respect to ␻for the 15-,30-,and 50-phr-loaded silanized and electron-beam-irradiated silica-ﬁlled ethylene–octene copoly-mer rubber at 90°C.With increasing frequency,G Јincreased for all of the compounds.However,the effect was more prominent at the lower ﬁller loading.As usual,G Јwas higher at the higher ﬁller loading.Figure 7represents the plots of G Јwith respect to ␻for the 15-phr-loaded silica compounds (UEV00015,UEVV00315,and UEVV10315)at 90°C to show the effect of electron beam irradiation.The untreatedsili-Figure 5Arrhenius plot for unﬁlled and silica-ﬁlled ethyl-ene–octene copolymer rubbers at 0.1Hz.TABLE IVArrhenius Energy (in kJ/mol)for the ﬂow of Unﬁlledand Silica-Filled Composites at Different ␻sComposition ␻ϭ0.1Hz␻ϭ1.10Hz␻ϭ10.0HzUE29.119.810.2UEV0001536.830.723.0UEVM1031532.226.518.8UEVV1031527.621.213.2SILICA FILLER AND ETHYLENE–OCTENE COPOLYMER 2457ca-ﬁlled rubber showed higher G Јvalues compared to silanized silica-ﬁlled composites throughout the ␻range under consideration.For example,the G Јvalues of the untreated silica-ﬁlled rubber (UEV00015)were 2.8ϫ104and 1.1ϫ106Pa at ␻ϭ0.016and 16.0Hz,respectively.A slight drop in the G Јvalues (2.4ϫ104and 1.0ϫ106Pa,respectively)was noted when this ﬁller was replaced by silanized ﬁller without electron beam irradiation (UEVV00315).However,a noticeable drop in these values to 1.7ϫ104and 0.6ϫ106Pa,respectively,was encountered in the case of silanized and electron-beam-irradiated silica-ﬁlled rubber (UEVV10315).Similar trends were observed at higher ﬁller loadings.Like with G ЈUEVV00315did not show any notice-able change in ␩*as compared to the control com-pound (UEV00015).However,earlier,a considerable reduction in this property was observed in the case of silanized and electron-beam-treated silica-ﬁlled com-pound (UEVV10315).Thus,these ﬁndings imply that the silanization process became highly effective when these were pretreated with electron beam irradiation.CONCLUSIONSSurface-modiﬁed silica ﬁllers,developed by,coating with an acrylate monomer,TMPTA,or a silane cou-pling agent,TEVS,were incorporated in an ethylene–octene copolymer rubber.From the thermorheological studies of the unvulcanized rubber and its untreated and modiﬁed silica-ﬁlled composites,we concluded the following:1.A considerable increment in G Ј,complex shear modulus,and its real component were noted when the control ﬁller was incorporated in the unﬁlled rubber.pared to the control compound,a noticeable reduction in these properties were noted in thecase of modiﬁed ﬁllers,which suggests a de-crease in ﬁller–ﬁller interaction due to the surface treatment of the silica ﬁller.3.The double logarithmic plots of G Јand G Љshowed more thermorheological simplicity of the melt of the silanized and electron-beam-treated silica-ﬁlled compound as compared to other ﬁlled composites.This may have been due to a signiﬁcant reduction in the ﬁller networking and a consequent improvement in the ﬁller disper-sion.4.The results obtained from the master curves con-structed on the basis of the time–temperature superposition principle and the E a values calcu-lated from the Arrhenius equation for the ﬂow of these compounds further supported these ﬁnd-ings.5.Although the silica ﬁllers modiﬁed by both of the surface coating agents showed property im-provements,the silanized silica showed better improvement in the whole-property spectrum.6.Also,the electron beam treatment of the coated ﬁller had a signiﬁcant role in this property im-provement.The authors are grateful to S.Sabharwal,Radiation Process-ing Section,Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,Mumbai,In-dia;Amit Biswas,John F.Welch Technology Centre (General Electric Company India Technology Centre (GEITC)Pvt.,Ltd.),Bangalore,India;and V.K.Tikku,NICCO Cables India,Ltd.,Kolkata,India,for invaluable suggestions and comments.References1.Ferry,J.D.Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers,3rd ed.;J Wiley:New York,1980.Figure 6Plots of G Јwith respect to ␻for the 15-,30-,and 50-phr-loaded silanized and electron-beam-irradiated silica-ﬁlled ethylene–octene copolymer rubber at90°C.Figure 7Plots of G Јwith respect to ␻for the 15-phr-loaded untreated silica,silanized and without electron-beam-irradi-ated silica and that of the silanized and electron-beam-irra-diated silica-ﬁlled ethylene–octene copolymer rubber at 90°C.2458RAY,BHOWMICK,AND SWAYAJITH2.Lenk,R.S.Polymer Rheology;Applied Science:London,1978.3.Brydson,J.A.Flow Properties of Rubber Melts;Butterworth:London,1970.4.Leblanc,J.L.Prog Polym Sci2002,27,627.5.Kumar,N.R.;Bhowmick,A.K.;Gupta,B.R.Kautsch GummiKunstst1992,45,531.6.Osanaiya,G.;Leonov,A.;White,J.L.Rubber Chem Technol1995,68,50.7.Cotton,G.R.Rubber Chem Technol1979;52,187.8.Leblanc,J.L.J Appl Polym Sci2000,78,1541.9.Naskar,A.K.;Gala,D.P.;De,S.K.;Bhowmick,A.K.KautschGummi Kunstst2002,4,164.10.Kader,M.A.;Bhattacharyya,A.K.;Bhowmick,A.K.PolymPolym Compo2001,9,263.11.Schaal,S.;Coran,A.Y.Rubber Chem Technol2000,73,225.12.Schaal,S.;Coran,A.Y.;Mowdood,S.K.Rubber Chem Technol2000,73,240.13.Ray,S.;Bhowmick,A.K.J Appl Polym Sci2002,83,2255.14.Ray,S.;Shanmugharaj,A.M.;Bhowmick,A.K.J Mater Sci Lett2002,21,1097.15.Ray,S.;Bhowmick,A.K.Polym Eng&Sci2003.16.Villar,M.A.;Failla,M.D.;Quijada,R.;Mauler,R.S.;Valles,E.M.;Galland,G.B.;Quinjani,L.M.Polymer2001,42,9269.17.Da Silva,A.L.;Rocha,M.C.G.;Coutinho,F.M.B.;Bretas,R.;Scuracchioi,C.Polym Test2000,19,363.18.Rana,D.;Kim,H.L.;Kwag,H.,Choe,S.Polymer2000,41,7067.19.Rana,D.;Kim,H.L.;Kwag,H.;Rhee,J.;Cho,K.;Woo,T.;Lee,B.H.;Choe,S.J Appl Polym Sci2000,76,1950.20.Han,C.D.;Jhon,M.J Appl Polym Sci1986,32,3809.SILICA FILLER AND ETHYLENE–OCTENE COPOLYMER2459。

Chemical Compatibility

3. The definition of solvent compatibility for Millipore products differs from that used in deter-mining the ratings given in published compatibility tables. Such tables are generally concerned with chemical attack and significant losses in strength and/or dimensional changes. A top designation, for example, might be designated for solvent-polymer combinations with <10%swelling which is high. Other compatibility tables may make recommendations based upon dimensional change as a function of time. This is difficult to relate to a membrane that may respond almost immediately to immersion in sol-vent. In addition, solventmembrane compatibility requires additional consideration of filtration specific factors. None of these published compatibility guides, for example, monitors the sol-vent's ability to wet a membrane or increase extractables.

化学工程与工艺专业英语词表(华东理工)0204192325

专业英语词表（2002．11．修订）（加注* 者为专业英语学位考试中词汇英译汉和汉译英的考试范围。

）* abrasion n. 磨损，磨蚀，剥蚀* absorption n.吸收（作用）abundance n. 丰度；丰富；（大，分布，数）量* accessory n. (pl.) 辅助设备[装置]，附件 a. 附属的，辅助的accidenetal error 偶然[随机]误差* accuracy n. 准确性[度]* acetate n. 醋酸盐[酯]，乙酸盐[酯，根]；醋酸纤维素* acetic acid 醋酸acetyl n. 乙酰基* acetylene n. 乙炔actinium n. 锕Acactivated carbon 活性炭* activity n. 活度；活动性* additive n. 添加剂，加成剂 a. 附加的，加成的adhesive n. 胶粘剂，粘结剂* adiabatic a. 绝热的admix v. 掺[混]合* adsorbent n. 吸附剂，吸附物质adsorber n. 吸附器* adsorption n.吸附（作用）* aerate vt. 充气,鼓气,通风,鼓风aer(o)- 空气；气体aerobic a. 好氧的，需氧的，有氧的* affinity n. 亲和力，亲和势，化合力agglomeration n. 附聚，凝聚，* agitator n. 搅拌器，搅拌装置airtightness n. 气密性，密封性-al 醛* alcohol n.（乙）醇，酒精-aldehyde 醛algebraic a. 代数（学）的algorithm n. 算术，算法* aliphatic a. 脂肪族的，无环的alkali n. 碱（性，质），强碱* alkaline n. 碱性 a.强碱的* alkane n. 烷(属)烃，(链)烷* alkene n. 烃烯* alkyl n. 烷基，烃基* alkylation n. 烷基化，烷基取代* alkyne n. 炔（属）烃* aluminum n. =aluminium铝Al amalgamation n. 合并，混合；汞合，汞齐作用-amide 酰胺-amine 胺amine n. 胺amino- 氨基* ammonia n. 氨(水)* ammonium n. 铵(基)* amorphous a. 无定形的, 非晶体的* analogy n. 类似，相似（性），类推anatomy n.解剖，分解；构造，组织-ane 烷angular a. 角的，角度的，有角的* anhydrous a. 无水的* anionic a. 阴[负]离子的anisotropic a. 各相异性的，非均质的* anode n. 阳极，正极antibiotic n. 抗生[菌]素，抗生素学a. 抗菌的antiknock a. 抗爆的，防爆的，抗震的antimony n. 锑Sb* antioxidant n. 抗氧化剂，防老化剂* aqueous a. (含，多，似)水的，水成[化，样，多]的argon n. 氩Ar* aromatic a. 芳香（族）的，芳（香）烃的aromatization n. 芳构化* array n. 序，列，组；族，系，类artificial intelligence人工智能* aryl n. 芳基asphalt n. 沥青，柏油-ate 用于由词尾为-ic的酸所成的盐类或酯类的名称atomize vt. 使雾化，喷雾attainment n. 开工率attrition n. 磨损，研磨naught n. 无（价值），零authenticity n. 可靠性，真实性autoclave n. 压煮器, 高压釜* azeotrope n. 恒沸物，共沸混合物backbone n. 构架, 骨干, 主要成分* back-mixing 返混bacteria n. (bacterium的复数)细菌* baffle n. 挡板；折流板；缓冲板bank n. 一排，排，列，群barium n. 钡Ba* base n. 碱* batch a.间歇的，分批的bench n. 实验台，装置* benzene n. 苯bi- 二，两个，双bifunctional a. 双官能团的binary a.;n. 二，二元的biochemical a. 生物化学的biodegradable a. 可生物降解的bismuth n. 铋Bibitumen n. 沥青bleaching n. 漂白 a. 漂白的boiler n. 锅炉boiling point 沸点bombardment n. 照射，辐照；轰击，打击* bond n.;v.（化学）键，键合borate n. 硼酸盐[酯]boric acid 硼酸boron n. 硼Bbottom n. (pl.) 底部沉积物，残留物，残渣* boundary layer边界层brine n.盐水，卤水，海水bromide n. 硼化物* bromine n. 溴Btu = British thermal unit 英热量单位(＝252卡)bubble column 鼓泡塔bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔budget n. 预算* buffer n.; vt. 缓冲，缓冲剂* bulk density 堆积密度bulk polymerization本体聚合bulk a. 散装的；大块的* bump v. 扰动，暴沸；冲击，造成凹凸* buoyancy n. 浮力，浮性buoyant a. 有浮力的，能浮的，易浮的butadiene n. 丁二烯butane n. 丁烷butene n. 丁烯* butyl n. 丁基cadmium n. 镉Cdcalandria n. 排管式，加热管群calcine v.; n. 煅烧，烧成（灰）* calcium n. 钙Ca* calorific value 热值，发热量* capillary n.; a. 毛细作用（的），毛细管（的）capital-intensive a. 资本密集的，资本集约的capsule n. 胶囊；（密封）（座）舱carbide n. 碳化物；碳化钙* carbohydrate n. 碳水化合物，糖carbon black 炭黑* carbon n. 碳C* carbonate n. 碳酸盐，碳酸脂vt. 碳化，使化合成碳酸盐（酯）；充碳酸气于carbonization n. 焦化，碳化处理，渗碳* carbonyl n. 羧基carbonylation n. 羧化作用* carboxyl n. 羰基* carrier n. 载体* cascade v.;n. 级联，串级；梯流，阶流式布置catalysis n. 催化（作用，反应）* catalyst n. 催化剂catalytic a. 催化的category n. 种类，类型，范畴* cathode n. 阴极，负极cationic a. 阳[正]离子的* caustic a. 苛性的n. 苛性物，氢氧化物cellular a. 多孔的，细胞的，由细胞组成的cellulose n. 纤维素，细胞膜质 a. 细胞的central downtake 中央降液管centrifugal a. 离心力的，利用离心力的* centrifuge n.;v. 离心；离心机，离心器ceramic a. 陶器的，陶瓷的，制陶的certitude n. 确实，必然性acetone n. 丙酮CFC = chlorofluorocarbon n. 含氯氟烃char n. 炭，木炭* chelation n. 螯合作用chemical vapor deposition化学气相淀积chlor(o)- 氯（化）* chloralkali n.氯碱chlorate n. 氯酸盐* chloride n. 氯化物，漂白剂* chlorine n.氯（气）Clchlorofluorocarbon n. 含氯氟烃(CFC)chromate n. 铬酸盐* chromatography n. 色谱(法,学)，色层法* chromium n. 铬Crcis- 顺式clone n. 克隆，无性繁殖系* coagulation n. 凝结[聚, 固]；胶凝, 絮凝coal carbonization 煤干馏coal-tar 煤焦油coarse a. 粗的，大的* cobalt n. 钴Cococatalyst n. 助（辅）催化剂* cocurrent n. 并流* coefficient n. 系数coke n. 焦炭，焦vt. 炼焦，焦化colloid n. 胶体，胶粒 a. 胶状的，胶体的* combustion n. 燃烧commence v. 开始，开始（做），开工comminute vt. 粉碎，磨碎，分割commission v. 交工试运转，投产commodity n. 日用品，商品compactness n. 致密（性），密集（性），紧凑compatibility n. 兼容性，相容性，适应性complement n. 补充，互补，补充物；配套* composite n. 复合材料, 合成[复合, 组合]物* composition n. 组成，成分，结构concrete n. 混凝土 a. 混凝土的condensate n. 冷凝物，冷凝液v. 冷凝，凝结* condenser n. 冷凝器* conduction n. 传导(性，率，系数)，导热[电](性，率，系数)* conductivity n. 传导率，导热系数conduit n. 导管，输送管，(大)管道* configuration n. 构造，结构；外形，轮廓confluence n. 合流（点），汇合（处）；集合，聚集conical a. （圆）锥形的* conserve vt.守恒；节省；保存* consistence n. 一致性；稠度* constituent n. 组成，组分，成分constraint n. 限制，制约，约束constriction n. 收缩[敛]；缩紧* contaminate vt. 污染，弄脏，毒害* continuum n. 连续介质；连续（统一体）；连续光谱* convection n. (热，电)对流，迁移converge v. 会聚，汇合，[数]收敛* coordinate n. 坐标；配位 a. 坐标的，配位的v. 配合，配位coordination n. 配位, 配合copolymer n.共聚物* correlation n. 相关（性），（相互，对比）关系* corrosion n. 腐蚀，锈蚀* counter current 逆流counterpart n. 对应物，配对物，对方；一对东西中之一，副本covalent a. 共价的* cracking n. 裂化，裂解* criterion n. (pl.) criteria判据，准则，判断标准* critical velocity 临界速度* cross section （横）截面，剖面，断面* cross-current n. 错流，正交流cross-flow 错流，交叉流动，横向流动cross-link v. (聚合物)交联，横向耦合* cryogenic a. 冷冻的，深冷的，低温的* crystal n. 结晶，晶体，晶粒；水晶石英crystalline a. 结晶的，结晶状的；水晶的* crystallization n. 结晶（作用，过程）CSTR =continuously stirred tankreactor 连续搅拌釜反应器culture n.;vt. (人工，细菌)培养[繁殖]，栽培；文化[明]cure v. 塑化，固化，硫化，硬化；处理curriculum n.（一门，全部）课程* cycloalkane n. 环烷烃cyclohexane n. 环已烷* cyclone n. 旋风分离器，旋流器deactivate vt. 减活，去活化，钝化debit vt.;n. （记入）借方deca- 十，癸decane n. 癸烷decantation n. 倾析（法），倾滤，滗析* decline v.;n. 下降，减少，倾斜，衰落* decomposition n. 分解, 离解* degradation n. 降解，退化，衰变，降级degree of freedom 自由度degree of polymerization聚合度* dehydrate v.; n. 脱水，干燥dehydrogenation n. 脱氢（作用）*dense-phase 密相*density n. 密度；稠密（性，度）deoxyribonucleic acid脱氧核糖核酸deplete vt. 放空，耗尽，使枯竭；贫化，减少* derivative n. 衍生物；导数desalt vt. 脱盐* desulphurisation n. 脱硫，除硫detergent n.洗涤剂，去污剂deterioation n. 退化，变质，降低（品质）di- 二，重，双* diagnose v. 判断，诊断；确定，分析，识别，断定（···的原因）* dialysis n. 渗析，渗透diamond n. 金刚石，钻石* diaphragm n. 隔膜，隔板diesel oil 柴油diesel n. 内燃机，柴油机* differential a.; n. 微分（的），差分（的）；（有）差别（的）differentiate v. 区分，区别；求微分，求导数* diffuse v. 扩散，散布* dilute a. 稀（薄，释）的，淡的v.稀释，冲淡*dilute-phase 稀相dimensionless a. 无因次的，无量纲的* dimentional a. ···维的；因次的；维数的；尺寸的* diminish v. 减少，递减，削弱，由大变小dipole n. 偶极(子)* discrete a. 离散的，不连续的，独立的，个别的dispatch vt.（迅速地）发送，派遣；迅速办理，了结* dispersion n. 分散（体系，作用）；扩散（现象）dissipate v. 使耗散，消除，消耗dissolution n. 溶解，溶化* dissolve v.;n. 使溶解，溶化* distil(l) vt. 蒸馏，用蒸馏法提取；提取···的精华distillate n. 馏出物，馏出液；精华* distillation n. 蒸馏（作用），馏份* down time 停车时间，故障期downcomer n. 降液管* drag n. 阻力，曳力* droplet n. 液滴，微滴，小滴duct n. （导，输送）管，（管，渠，地，风，烟）道，槽* dumped packing 乱堆填料dyestuff n. 染料，颜料，着色剂dynamic a. 动力（学）的，动态的* dynamics n. （动）力学，动态（特性）earth vt. 接地，通地ebullating bed 沸腾床* ecosystem n. 生态系（统）* eddy n. 漩涡，涡流* effluent a.; n 流出（的，物），废水及废气elastomer n. 合成橡胶，人造橡胶；弹性体，高弹体electrochemical a. 电化学的* electrode n. 电极* electrodialysis n. 电渗析electrolyse vt. 电解（= electrolyze）* electrolysis n. 电解（法，作用），电分析electrostatic a. 静电的* eluent n. 洗脱液，洗脱剂* elution n. 洗提，洗出* emission-free a. 无排放的，零排放的emulsion polymerization乳液聚合* emulsion n. 乳胶，乳(化，状，(浊)液，乳剂encompass vt.包含，包括；完成；围绕encyclopedia n. 百科全书；某科全书* endothermic a. 吸热的end-product n. 最后产物，最终结果-ene 烯enhance vt.提高，增强* enrich v.使浓缩，增浓* enthalpy n. 焓，热函，（单位质量的）热含量* entrainment n. 挟带；雾沫夹带* entropy n. 熵envisage vt. 设想，预计，重视* enzyme n. 酶，酵素epoxy n. 环氧树脂equality n. 等式，相等* equilibrium stage 平衡级* equilibrium n. 平衡erosion n. 磨蚀，风化，腐蚀，侵蚀* ester n. 酯ethane n. 乙烷* ethanol n. 乙醇，酒精ethene n. 乙烯* ether n. 醚，乙醚；以太ethics n. 职业规矩，道德标准，伦理观* ethyl n. 乙基，乙烷基* ethylene n. 乙烯* evaporation n. 蒸发，挥发，汽化* exergy n. 有用能，火用* exothermic a. 放热的expenditure n.（时间、金钱等的）支出，花费，使用expert system 专家系统* explosive limit 爆炸极限exponent n. 指数，幂(数)，阶externalize vt. 使客观化，使具体化，给···以外形* extract n. 萃取相，萃取液vt. 萃取，提炼* extraction n. 萃取，提炼；抽出物，提取物* fabricate vt. 制造，生产，制备；装配，安装，组合falling film evaporator降膜式蒸发器* feed n. 进料，加料；加工原料fermentation n. 发酵ferri- 铁ferro- 亚铁ferrous a. (亚，二价，含)铁的，铁类的ferrum n. 铁* fertilizer n. 肥料（尤指化学肥料）fiberglass n. 玻璃纤维filament n. （细）丝，（细）线；灯丝，游丝filled tower 填料塔filler n. 填料，填充物filter aid 助滤剂* filter n. （过）滤器[机，层，纸]v. 过滤filtrate v. 过滤，滤除n. 滤液* filtration n. 过滤* fine chemical 精细化学药品finishing n. 精加工，最终加工* finite a. 有限的，受限制的* fission n. 裂变* fixed bed 固定床* flammability n. 易燃性，可燃性，燃烧性flange n. 法兰flask n. 烧瓶，长颈瓶* flooding n. 液泛，溢流* flow sheet 工艺流程图，程序方框图* fluctuation n. 脉动，波动，起伏，增减flue n. 烟道，风道fluidization n. 流态化* fluidized bed 流化床fluo- 氟，荧光fluorescence n. 荧光* fluoride n. 氟化物* fluorine n. 氟Ffluoro- 氟代* flux n. 通量foam v. （使）起泡沫，变泡沫n. 泡沫forced circulation强制循环-form 仿formaldehyde n. 甲醛* formulate vt. 配方[制]，按配方制造formulation n.配方，组成；公式化，列方程式* fossil fuel 化石燃料，石油* foul n. 污物[垢] v. 结垢，弄脏* fraction n. 馏份，分馏物；分数，部分fractional distillation 分馏（作用）fractionate vt. 使分馏，把···分成几部分free radical mechanism自由基机理free radical 自由基，游离基* freeze drying 冷冻干燥* friction n. 摩擦，摩擦力froth flotation 泡沫浮选* fugacity n. 逸度* functional group 官能团funnel n. 漏斗 a. 漏斗状的* fuse v. 熔融，熔化gallon n.加仑gas oil 粗柴油, 瓦斯油, 汽油* gasification n. 气化（法，作用）gasifier n. 气化炉gauge n. 表，计，规* gel n. 凝胶（体），冻胶gene n. 基因* generalization n. 归纳，概述，通则；普遍化，法则化genetics n. 遗传学glucose n. 葡萄糖；右旋糖glycerol n. 甘油，丙三醇gold n. 金Au* gradient n. 梯度，变化率，坡度granulate vt. 使成颗粒，使成粒状graphite n. 石墨gravitational fild 重力场*gravity settling 重力沉降greenhouse n. 温室，暖房* halogen n. 卤素hardware n. 硬件，硬设备，计算机H-bond n. 氢键* heat exchanger 热交换器helium n. 氦hepta- 七，庚heptane n. 庚烷* heptyl n. 庚基heteroatom n. 杂原子, 异质原子heterocyclic a. 杂环的* heterogeneous a. 多相的, 非均匀的HETP = height equivalent to a theoreticalplate等板高度，理论塔板的当量高度HETS = height equivalent to a theoreticalstage等板高度，理论塔板的当量高度hexa- 六，己hexane n. 己烷* hexyl n. 己基hierarchy n. 体系，系统；层次* holdup n. 滞留量，滞液量* homogeneous a. 均相的，均匀的，同质的HTU = height of a transferunit传质单元高度* humidification n. 增湿作用，湿润* humidity n. 湿度，湿气，水分含量humidifier n. 增湿器，湿润器* hydrate n. 水合物v. （使）水合，（使）成水合物hydration n. 水合作用hydride n. 氢化物hydraulics n. 水力学；液压系统* hydrocarbon n. 烃，碳氢化合物* hydrochloric acid 盐酸* hydrocracking n. 加氢裂化, 氢化裂解hydrodesulfurization n. 加氢脱硫过程* hydrodynamics n. 流体动力学hydrofluoric acid n. 氢氟酸hydrogen embrittlement（钢的）氢脆* hydrogen n. 氢H* hydrogenation n. 加氢（作用）hydrolysate n. 水解产物* hydrolysis n. 水解（作用），加水分解hydroprocess n. 加氢过程* hydrostatics n. 流体静力学hydrostatic head 静水压头* hydroxide n. 氢氧化物* hydroxy(l) n. 羟基hyperoxide n. 过氧化物hypochlorite n. 次氯酸盐* hypothesis n. (pl. hypotheses) 假定，假说，前提hypothetical a. 假定[设，说]的，有前提的-ic anhydride 酸酐immerse vt. 浸（入，没），沉入；专心，埋头于，投入* immiscible a. 不混溶的，不互溶的* immobile phase 固定相immobile a. 固定的，稳定的，静置的impenetrate v. 渗透，贯通，深入* impermeable a. 不能透过的，不可渗透的，不透水的impingement n. （气体等的）撞击；水捶implement vt.实现，完成，履行impregnate v. 浸渍，注入，灌注 a. 浸透的，饱和的* impurity n. 杂质，夹杂物，污染物；不纯，污染in situ 就地，原地，在现场incentive a. 刺激的，鼓励的n. 刺激，诱因* incompressible a. 不可压缩性incondensable gas 不凝性气体incorporate v. 使结合，使合并；引入；体现induced draft fan 引风机inductive a. 引入的，导论的，诱导的* inert a. 惰性的，不活泼的；惯性的infinitesimal a. 无穷小的；细微末节的inflation n. 膨胀；通货膨胀* infrared a. 红外线的，红外区的* ingitability n. 可燃性，着火性* ingredient n.（混合物的）成分，组分，配料inherent a.固有的，生来的，内在的inhibit vi. 有禁止力，起抑制作用vt. 禁止；抑制，约束* inhibitor n. 抑制剂，抗氧化剂injection-moulding塑料注塑成型, 注模innovation n.创新，改革；新方法，新事物* inorganic a. 无机的，无机物的insecticide n. 杀虫剂，农药instrumental a. 有帮助的，起作用的；仪器的* insulation n. 绝缘，绝热；孤立，隔离* integrate vt. 使一体化，使结合；[数]求···的积分integrity n. 完整，完全，完善interfacial a. 界面的，面际的，层间的intermediate distillate中间馏分interplay n.;vi. 相互作用[影响]，相互关系intrinsic a.内在的，固有的；本质的inventory n.库存量；（商品、物资等）清单invoice n. 发票，发货单，装货清单iodide n. 碘化物iodine n. 碘I* ion n. 离子ionize v. 使电离，离子化，游离（化）* irreversible process不可逆过程irrotational a. 无旋的，不旋转的i so- （相）等，（相）同的；（同分）异构isobaric a. 等压的isomerism n. 同分异构(现象)* isomerization n. 异构化(作用)isotherm n. 等温线* isothermal a.;n. 等温（的），等温线（的）isotope n. 同位素isotropic a. 各向同性的，均质的* jacket n. （汽、水）套，夹套kerosene n. 煤油，火油ketone n. （甲）酮kilocalorie n. 千（大）卡kilowatt n. 千瓦（特）* kinematics n. 运动学* kinetics n. 动力学* laminar a. 层流的，层状的laminate n. 层压制品[材料、塑料、板]，a. 层状的，v. 层压，分层lanthanum n. 镧La* latent heat 潜热lateral a. 横向的，水平的lattice n. 晶格，点阵，格（栅，子，状）* leaching n. 浸取，浸提lead n. 铅Pbleaf filter 叶滤机leeway n. 余地，可允许的误差；落后legislation n.法规，立法liability n. 责任，义务ligarine n. 石油醚linear a. （直）线的，直线型的；线性的，线性化的* liquefaction n. 液化（作用）liquid-sealed a. 液封的lixiviate vt. 浸提[析，出]，溶滤loop reactor 环路反应器lot n.（商品的）一批；批量；份额low-boiler n. 低沸化合物LPG = liquefied petroleum gas液化石油气lubricate vt. 使润滑* lubricating oil 润滑油macro- 宏（观），大（量），常量macromolecule n. 大分子，高分子macroscale n. 宏观尺度[刻度，标度]* macroscopic a. 宏观的；肉眼可见的magnesium n. 镁Mg* magnification n. 放大（倍数），倍率* magnitude n. （数）量级；大小mainstream n. 干流，主流；主要倾向manganese n. 锰Mnmanifold n. 总管，集气管，导管manipulate v. 操作，控制，运算manway n. 人孔mass separating agent质量分离剂mass spectrometry 质谱matrix n. 母体，基体，本体；[数]矩阵maturity n. 老化，陈化；成熟* maximize v. 使达到最大，使极大，极限化* mechanics n. 力学，机械学* mechanism n. 机理，机制，历程* membrane n. 膜，薄膜，隔板mercury n. 汞, 水银Hgmesh n. （筛）目[号]，网（格，目）meso- 中（间，等，央），中等的；内消旋；介，新mesoscale n. 中间尺度[刻度，标度]meta-，m- 间（位）（有机系统名用）；偏（无机酸用）metabolism n. （新陈）代谢（作用）metallurgy n. 冶金学，冶金术* metathesis n. 复分解(作用)，置换(作用) methanation n. 甲烷化作用* methane n. 甲烷，沼气* methanol n. 甲醇* methyl n. 甲基micro- 微（量，型，观）；显微；百万分之一microbe n. 微生物，细菌microelectronics n. 微电子学，微电子技术* microfiltration n. 微孔过滤micron n. 微米，10－6米；百万分之一microscale n. 微（观）尺度[刻度，标度]* microscopic a. 微观的，微小的；显微镜的* migrate v. 迁移，移动，流动mild steel 低碳钢，软钢mineral acid 无机酸* miscible a. 可互溶的，能溶合的mixed-phase reactor多相反应器* mixer-setller 混合澄清器* mobile phase 流动相* mockup n. 冷模，(1:1)的模型，同实物等大的研究用模型* modulus n. 模（数，量），系数，指数molybdenum n. 钼Mo* momentum n. 动量，冲量mono- 一，单一，单一的* monomer n. 单体，单聚物multiple effect evaporator多效蒸发器multiple-feed 多口进料multiply v. （使）增殖* multitude n.大批，大群，大量，众多* naphtha n. 石脑油，粗汽油，(粗)挥发油naphthalene n. 萘* naphthene n. 环烷烃* negligible a. 可忽略的，不计的，很小的* neutron n. 中子nickel n. 镍Ni* nitrogen n. 氮N* nitrate n. 硝酸盐[根，酯]nitration n. 硝化（作用），渗氮（法）* nitric acid n. 硝酸-nitrile 腈nitro- 硝基nitrogenous a. 含氮的* nomenclature n. 术语，命名（法），名称，（某一学科的）术语表nona- 九，壬nonane n. 壬烷* non-condensable gas不凝性气体* nonyl n. 壬基* nozzle n. 喷嘴nucleic acid 核酸* numerical a. 数（量，字，值）的，用数字表示的nutrient a. 营养的n. 营养基，营养素nylon n. 酰胺纤维，尼龙，耐纶obliterate vt. 除去，删去，消除octa- 八；辛octane rating 辛烷值octane n. （正）辛烷，辛烷值*octyl n. 辛基* offgas n.废气，气态废物* offset n. vt. 补偿，弥补，抵销off-the-shelf a. 成品的，现成的-oic acid 酸-ol 醇* olefin n.（链）烯（烃)，烯族烃oleum n. 发烟硫酸-one 酮* one-pass 单程，非循环过程on-line 联机，在线，机内on-site a. （在）现场的，就地的opaque a. 不透明的；不传导的；无光泽的* operability n. （可）操作性[度]* optimize v.（使）最优[佳]化，优选* optimum a.;n. 最佳（的，点，值），最优（的，值）ordered packing 整砌填料，规整填料organofluorine compound n. 有机氟化合物* orifice n. 孔板；锐孔orth-，o- 邻位，正，原* osmosis n. 渗透(性，作用)* overflow v.溢出，溢流overhead n. 企业一般管理费；塔顶馏出物* overlap n.重迭（部分）* oxidation n. 氧化[反应，作用]* oxide n. 氧化物oxidize vt. 使氧化oxo- 氧代* oxygen n. 氧Oozonation n. 臭氧化作用* ozone n. 臭氧* packed tower 填充塔，填料塔palladium n. 钯Pdpara-，p- （位次）对位；仲；副* paraffin n. 链烷（属）烃，石蜡* parameter n. 参数，系数particulate a. 颗粒的，微粒的n.颗粒，微粒，粒子* patent n. 专利，专利权vt. 取得···的专利权pelletize v. 造粒，做成丸[球, 片]状penta- 五，戊pentane n. （正）戊烷* pentyl n. 戊基perforate v. 打孔，穿孔peripheral a.周边的，周围的，边缘的* peroxide n. 过氧化物* pesticide n.农药，杀虫剂* petrochemical a. 石油化学的n. 石油化学制品pharmaceutical n. 药物[品, 剂] a. 医药的，制药的，药物的phenol n. (苯)酚，石碳酸phenol-formaldehyde resin酚醛树脂* phenyl n. 苯基* phosphate n. 磷酸盐[酯]，磷肥* phosphoric acid n. 磷酸* phosphorus n. 磷P，磷光体；启明星，金星photosynthesis n. 光合作用physical vapor deposition物理气相淀积pigment n. 颜料，色料；色素* pilot-plant n.中间（试验性）工厂，试验生产装置plasticizer n. 增塑剂plate and frame press板框式压滤机* plate tower 板式塔platinum n. 铂Pt, 白金* plug flow 活塞流, 平推流plutonium n. 钚Pupneumatic a. 气力的，气动的polarography n. 极谱法* poly vinyl chloride聚氯乙烯poly- 多，聚，重，复polyester n. 聚酯* polyethylene n. 聚乙烯* polymer n. 聚合物[体]，高[多]聚物polymerization n. 聚合(反应，作用)polypropylene n. 聚丙烯polysaccharide n. 多糖polystyrene n. 聚苯乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene n. 聚四氟乙烯polythene n. 聚乙烯(=polyethylene) pore n. 细[毛，微，气]孔，孔隙* porous a. 多孔的，疏松的；能渗透的potassium n. 钾Kpotential flow 势流* potential n. 势（能），位（能），电势（位，压）pottery n. 陶器* precipitate n. 沉淀物，沉积物v. 使沉淀（出），析出precursor n. 产物母体, 前身, 先驱predominate vi. 占优势，居支配地位prefractionator n. 初步分馏塔premium n. 额外费用；奖励，奖金preparative chromatography制备色谱法* pressure drop 压降probe v. 试探，探测；（用探针，探测器）探查propagation n. 增长, 繁殖, 传播, 波及propane n. 丙烷propanol n. 丙醇propeller n. 螺旋桨，推进器propene n. 丙烯* proprietary a. 专利的，专有的，有专利权的n. 所有权，业主* propyl n. 丙基propylene n. 丙烯* protein n. 蛋白质，朊protocol n. (条约等的)草案，会谈备忘录，(外交)协定书* proton n. 质子protonate v. 使质子化pulsed column 脉冲塔pulverize vt. 使成粉末，研磨，粉碎* purge gas 吹扫气体* purification n. 净化，提纯purity n.纯度，品位；纯净，洁净；纯化PVC = poly vinyl chloride n. 聚氯乙烯* pyrolysis n. 热解（作用），高温分解pyrolyze vt. 热(分)解* qualitative a. 定性的；质的，质量的；性质上的qualitatively ad. 定性地* quantitative a. 定量的；数量的quantitatively ad. 定量地* quantum n. 量子quartz n. 石英，水晶* quench v.; n. 急冷，淬冷* radial a. 径向的，（沿）半径的radiator n. 辐射体，散热器，暖气装置* radical n. 基，原子团；根部；根式radium n. 镭Ra* raffinate n. 萃余液* random a. 随机的，无规则的，偶然的rate v. (对...)评价，估计，估价，计算* reactant n.反应物reaction injection moulding反应注射成型reactive a. 反应性的，活性的；反应的* reactivity n. 反应性，反应活性；反应* reactor n.反应器，反应堆* reagent n. 试剂，反应物* reboiler n. 再沸器rectangular a. 矩形的，长方形的rectifier n. 精馏器[塔]；整流器rectify vt. 精馏，精炼，蒸馏rectifying section 精馏段* redox = reduction-oxidation n. 氧化还原（作用）redox petential 氧化还原电势* reduce v.（使）还原；减少* reduction n. 还原* refinery n. 炼油厂，提炼厂* reflux n. 回流，倒流reformate n. （汽油）重整产品* reforming n. 重整；转化refract v. 折射* refractory a. 难熔的，耐火的n. 耐火材料* refrigerant n.致冷剂，冷冻剂* regeneration n.再生，更新，新生regress vi. ;n. 回归* relative volatility相对挥发度（性）relevance n. 关联，关系；适当，贴切，中肯render v. 使得，使变为；提炼，提取* repel v.排斥，推开，击退，弹回replicate vt. 复制* reproducibility n. 再生性, 还原性，重复性* residence time 停留时间* residue n. 残余物，残渣，剩余物* resin n. 树脂vt. 用树脂处理retardation time 保留时间retort n. 蒸馏釜, 甑retrieval n. （数据，信息）检索* reverse osmosis 反渗透* reversible a. 可逆的，双向的revise vt. 修正，修改，校正revolve v. （使）绕[旋]转；循环；思索，反复思考rinse vt.;n. 漂洗，淋洗，清洗* riser n. 立（式）管（道），升气管rising film evaporator升膜式蒸发器rotary dryer旋转干燥器round-the-clock 连续一整天（或一昼夜）run-off n. 流出，流泻，径流；流量* rupture disk 安全（隔）膜rupture n.;v.破裂，断裂，破损saccharide n. 糖类，糖化物saponification n. 皂化（作用）* saturate v.使饱和；浸透 a.饱和的* scalar n. 标量，纯量* scale-up n.（按比例）放大，增加，升高schematically ad. 用示意图，用图解法，示意地，大略地* screen v. 筛分，筛选；屏蔽，隐藏scrub v. 气体洗涤，涤气，洗涤，清洗secondary reformer二段（次）转化炉（器）secondary，sec- 仲[指CH3···CH(CH3)-型支链烃，或指二元胺及R2CHOH型的醇]sediment n. 沉积物；沉积，沉淀* sedimentation n. 沉积，沉淀，沉降，淀积segment n. 部分；切片segregation n. 分离，分凝，分开* selectivity n. 选择性，选择seminar n.研究班，（专家）研讨班，讨论会semipermeable a. 半渗透性的semi-technical n. 半工业化的* sensible heat n. 显热sensing device 传感装置[器]，遥感装置* sensitivity n. 灵敏性，灵敏度sensor n. 传感器，探测器serviceability n. 使用中的可靠性，耐用性* settling n. 沉降，沉淀sewage n. 污水，下水道（系统）shaft n. （传动，旋转）轴* shear stress 剪应力* shell and tube heat exchanger管壳式换热器，列管式换热器shift reaction 变换反应，转移反应* shortcut n. 近路，捷径v. 简化* shutdown n. 停工，停车，停止运转side-rectifier 侧线（馏分）精馏塔sidestream n. 侧线馏分，塔侧抽出物side-stripper 侧线（馏分）汽提塔* sieve plate 筛板（塔）sieve n. 筛，筛子；滤网vt.筛分，过筛，过滤silica n. 二氧化硅，硅石* silica-gel (氧化)硅胶silicate n. 硅酸盐[酯]silicon n. 硅Sisilver n. 银Ag* similarity n. 相似性，类似，相象* simulate vt. 模拟，仿真，模型化，模型试验simultaneously ad. 同时地；同时发生地single effect evaporator单效蒸发器size vt. 依一定尺寸制造，定尺寸，估计大小sketch n.示意图，简图，设计图sludge n. 淤泥，泥状沉积物；淤渣* slurry n. 稀浆，淤浆；悬浮液[体] soak up 吸收soda n.苏打，纯碱，碳酸钠；碳酸氢钠，小苏打soda-ash n. 纯碱，无水碳酸钠，苏打灰sodium dichromate n. 重铬酸钾* sodium n. 钠Nasoftware n. 软件，程序，程序计算方法；设计计算方法* solubility product 溶度积* solubility n. 溶解度，溶解性* solute n. 溶质，溶解物solution polymerization溶液聚合solvability n. 溶解[溶剂化]能力，可溶解性* solvent n.溶剂，溶媒sorbent n. 吸附剂，吸收剂* spare part n. 备件speciality n. 特制品，特殊产品；专门化，专业（化）* specification n.说明书；（pl.）（尺寸）规格，技术要求；明细表spectroscopic a. 用分光镜的，光谱（学）的* spectroscopy n. 光谱学* spectrum n.（光，波，能，质）谱，频谱；范围，领域spin off n. 伴随[附带] 的结果，有用的副产品spiral a. 螺旋（形）的，螺线的splitting n. 分解，分裂，蜕变* spontaneous a. 自发的，自然的spray dryer 喷雾干燥器stack gas 烟道气stagnant a. 滞流的，停滞的* stainless a.不锈的；纯洁的* standby a. 备用的，后备的n. 备用设备starch n. 淀粉，浆（糊）* startup n. 开动，运转* stationary phase 固定相stationary a. 静止的，固定的，不变的stearic acid 硬脂酸，十八（碳）（烷）酸* stereochemical a. 立体化学的sterile a. 无菌的，消过毒的sterilization n. 消毒，灭菌stiffness n. 刚性[度], 韧性* still n. 蒸馏釜，蒸馏stimulus n. 刺激，促进因素stirred tank reactor搅拌釜式反应器* stoichiometry n. 化学计算，化学计量，理想配比法straight run gasoline直馏汽油stripper n. 汽提塔, 解吸塔* stripping section 提馏段stripping n.汽提，解吸，洗提structured packing 结构填料* styrene n. 苯乙烯* subject-matter 主题，题材，要点，内容* sublimate v. 升华substrate n. 培养基，被酶作用物，基质sucrose n. 蔗糖，砂糖* suction n. 抽吸suffice vi. 足够，有能力vt. 满足（···的需要）* sulfate n. 硫酸盐[酯]* sulfide n. 硫化物sulfite n. 亚硫酸盐[酯]sulfo- 磺基* sulphate n. 硫酸盐[酯]sulphite n. 亚硫酸盐（酯）sulphonate n. 磺酸盐，磺化vt. 使磺化* sulphur n. 硫S, 硫磺* sulphuric acid 硫酸supercritical gas extraction超临界气体萃取* supercritical a. 超临界的* supersaturation n. 过饱和现象supervision n.监督，管理* surface-active agent 表面活性剂surfactant n. 表面活性剂suspension polymerization悬浮聚合* sustainable a. 可持续的，能支撑住的symposium n. 专题讨论会；论文集* syngas n. 合成气tailor-made a. 特制的，专用的，定做的；合适的，恰到好处的tangentially ad. 成切线teamwork n. 协力，协作，配合，协同作战teflon n.（商品名）特氟隆，聚四氟乙烯* tension n. 张力，弹力* terminology n.术语，专门用语tert- 叔tetra- 四，丁tetra-alkyl lead 四烷基铅the lion’s share 较大部分，最大部分thermal tubular reactor热管反应器* thermal a. 热（量，力）的，温的thermochemical a 热化学的thermocouple n. 热电偶* thermodynamics n. 热力学* thermoplastic n. 热塑性塑料 a. 热塑性的* thermoset n. 热固性 a. 热固性的thio- 硫代thorium n. 钍Ththoroughness n. 彻底性，充分性，完全性* throughput n.生产量，生产率，生产能力tin n. 锡Sntitanium n. 钛Ti* titrate v. 滴定n. 被滴定液TM ＝trademark n.商标* toluene n. 甲苯* toxic a. （有）毒的，毒性的n.毒药[物，剂]toxicity n. 毒性，毒力trade-off n. (对不能同时兼顾的因素的)权衡，比较评定，放弃trans- 反式；超，过* transition n. 过渡（段），转变，变化* transparent a. 透明的，半透明的，某种辐射线可以透过的tri- 三（重，倍，回）trickle bed reactor滴流床反应器tube sheet 管板tubular fixed-bed reaction管式固定床反应器* tubular reactor 管式反应器* tubular a. 管的，管式的，由管构成的tungsten n. 钨Wturbine n. 透平（机），叶轮机，汽轮机，涡轮（机）* turbulent a. 湍流的，紊流的；扰动的* turn-down ratio 极限负荷比，操作弹性* ultimated load 最大载荷ultracentrifuge n. 超速离心机* ultrafiltration n. 超滤(作用)ultra-red a. 红外的* ultraviolet a. 紫外的，紫外线的n. 紫外线unaccepted product 不合格（产）品* unbound electron 自由电子* underlie v. 构成[作为]···的基础；位于···的下面* unit operation 单元操作unlagged a. 未保温的，未隔热的；未绝缘的，* unsaturated a. 不饱和的update v. 适时修正，不断改进，使···适合新的要求uptake n. 吸收；领会，理解uranium n. 铀U* urea n. 尿素，脲valcanize n. 硫化，硬化* valence n.（化合）价，（原子）价validity n. 有效，合法性；正确，确实valve plate 浮阀塔（板）* valve n.阀，活门vanadium n. 钒V* vaporize vt.（使）汽化，（使）蒸发* vector n. 矢量，向量* ventilate vt. 通风，排气，开气孔，装以通风设备* venturi n. 文氏管verification n. 检验，验证* versatile a. 通用的，万能的；活动的，万向的via prep. [拉丁语] 经（过），viable a. 可行的，可用的；有生命力的，富有生命的* vinyl n. 乙烯基，乙烯树脂* viscosity n. 粘度，粘性* viscous a. 粘（性，滞，稠）的，* void fraction 空隙率void n. 空隙，空隙率* volatile a. 易挥发的，挥发性的* volatility n. 挥发度，挥发性vortex n. 旋涡；涡流（面），涡旋（体）vulcanization n. 硫化，硬化* weir n. 堰，溢流堰whizzer n. 离心机wiped-film evaporator刮膜式蒸发器xylene n. 二甲苯yeast n. 酵母-yl 基-yne 炔zeolite n. 沸石zinc n. 锌Zn。

普利司通TuranzaQuietTrack轮胎提供全天候性能

568 橡　胶　工　业 2019年第66卷that ，when catechol was introduced into acrylate polymer ，the resulted random copolymer was a thermoplastic elastomer with excellent mechanical properties and self -healing properties.FTIR measurement demonstrated that BA -co -DMA formed hydrogen bonds between catechol groups ，which endowed the material with excellent self -healing properties.The phase separation observed by AFM revealed that the interaction between catechol groups led to the formation of aggregates and physical cross -linked network within the polymers.The fracture of BA -co -DMA sample could be self -repaired after 12 hours at 60℃ and the high healing efficiency was achieved by increasing the molecular mobility with high temperature.Key words ：self -healing ；elastomer ；catechol ；butyl acrylate ；hydrogen bond ；phase separation ；cross -linking ；synthesis ；structure characterization 普利司通Turanza QuietTrack 轮胎提供全天候性能　美国《现代轮胎经销商》（www.moderntiredealer. com ）2019年4月29日报道：普利司通美洲公司的最新Turanza 旅行轮胎（见图1）以湿地、冬季和耐磨性能为突出特点，有128 800 km （80 000英里）有限里程担保。

高分子材料工程专业英语第二版（曹同玉）课后单词电子教案

⾼分⼦材料⼯程专业英语第⼆版（曹同⽟）课后单词电⼦教案⾼分⼦材料⼯程专业英语第⼆版(曹同⽟)课后单词专业英语accordion ⼿风琴activation 活化（作⽤）addition polymer 加成聚合物，加聚物aggravate 加重，恶化agitation 搅拌agrochemical 农药，化肥Alfin catalyst 醇（碱⾦属）烯催化剂align 排列成⾏aliphatic 脂肪（族）的alkali metal 碱⾦属allyl 烯丙基aluminum alkyl 烷基铝amidation 酰胺化（作⽤）amino 氨基，氨基的amorphous ⽆定型的，⾮晶体的anionic 阴（负）离⼦的antioxidant 抗氧剂antistatic agent 抗静电剂aromatic 芳⾹（族）的arrangement （空间）排布，排列atactic ⽆规⽴构的attraction 引⼒，吸引backbone 主链，⾻⼲behavior 性能，⾏为biological ⽣物（学）的biomedical ⽣物医学的bond dissociation energy 键断裂能boundary 界限，范围brittle 脆的，易碎的butadiene 丁⼆烯butyllithium 丁基锂calendering 压延成型calendering 压延carboxyl 羧基category 种类，类型cation 正[阳]离⼦cationic 阳（正）离⼦的centrifuge 离⼼chain reaction 连锁反应chain termination 链终⽌char 炭characterize 表征成为…的特征chilled water 冷冻⽔chlorine 氯（⽓）coating 涂覆cocatalyst 助催化剂coil 线团coiling 线团状的colligative 依数性colloid 胶体commence 开始，着⼿common salt ⾷盐complex 络合物compliance 柔量condensation polymer 缩合聚合物，缩聚物conductive material 导电材料conformation 构象consistency 稠度，粘稠度contaminant 污物contour 外形，轮廓controlled release 控制释放controversy 争论，争议conversion 转化率conversion 转化copolymer 共聚物copolymerization 共聚（合）corrosion inhibitor 缓释剂countercurrent 逆流crosslinking 交联crystal 基体，结晶crystalline 晶体，晶态，结晶的，晶态的crystalline 结晶的crystallinity 结晶性，结晶度crystallite 微晶decomposition 分解deformation 变形degree of polymerization 聚合度dehydrogenate 使脱氢density 密度depolymerization 解聚deposit 堆积物，沉积depropagation 降解dewater 脱⽔diacid ⼆（元）酸diamine ⼆（元）胺dibasic ⼆元的dieforming ⼝模成型diffraction 衍射diffuse 扩散dimension 尺⼨dimensional stability 尺⼨稳定性dimer ⼆聚物（体）diol ⼆（元）醇diolefin ⼆烯烃disintegrate 分解，分散，分离dislocation 错位，位错dispersant 分散剂dissociate 离解dissolution 溶解dissolve 使…溶解distort 使…变形，扭曲double bond 双键dough （⽣）⾯团，揉好的⾯drug 药品，药物elastic modulus 弹性模量elastomer 弹性体eliminate 消除，打开，除去elongation 伸长率，延伸率entanglement 缠结，纠缠entropy 熵equilibrium 平衡esterification 酯化（作⽤）evacuate 撤出fiber 纤维flame retardant 阻燃剂flexible 柔软的flocculating agent 絮凝剂folded-chain lamella theory 折叠链⽚晶理论formulation 配⽅fractionation 分级fragment 碎屑，碎⽚fringed-micelle theory 缨状微束理论functional group 官能团functional polymer 功能聚合物functionalized polymer 功能聚合物gel 凝胶glass transition temperature 玻璃化温度glassy 玻璃（态）的glassy 玻璃态的glassy state 玻璃态globule ⼩球，液滴，颗粒growing chain ⽣长链，活性链gyration 旋转，回旋hardness 硬度heat transfer 热传递heterogeneous 不均匀的，⾮均匀的hydocy acid 羧基酸hydrogen 氢（⽓）hydrogen bonding 氢键hydrostatic 流体静⼒学hydroxyl 烃基hypothetical 假定的，理想的，有前提的ideal 理想的，概念的imagine 想象，推测improve 增进，改善impurity 杂质indispensable 不了或缺的infrared spectroscopy 红外光谱法ingredient 成分initiation （链）引发initiator 引发剂inorganic polymer ⽆机聚合物interaction 相互作⽤interchain 链间的interlink 把…相互连接起来连接intermittent 间歇式的intermolecular (作⽤于)分⼦间的intrinsic 固有的ion 离⼦ion exchange resin 离⼦交换树脂ionic 离⼦的ionic polymerization 离⼦型聚合irradiation 照射，辐射irregularity 不规则性，不均匀的isobutylene 异丁烯isocyanate 异氰酸酯isopropylate 异丙醇⾦属，异丙氧化⾦属isotactic 等规⽴构的isotropic 各项同性的kinetic chain length 动⼒学链长kinetics 动⼒学latent 潜在的light scattering 光散射line 衬⾥，贴⾯liquid crystal 液晶macromelecule ⼤分⼦，⾼分⼦均⽅末端距mechanical property ⼒学性能，机械性能mechanism 机理medium 介质中等的，中间的minimise 最⼩化minimum 最⼩值，最⼩的mo(u)lding 模型mobility 流动性mobilize 运动，流动model 模型modify 改性molecular weight 分⼦量molecular weight distribution 分⼦量分布molten 熔化的monofunctional 单官能度的monomer 单体morphology 形态（学）moulding 模塑成型neutral 中性的nonelastic ⾮弹性的nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振nuclear track detector 核径迹探测器number average molecular weight数均分⼦量occluded 夹杂（带）的olefinic 烯烃的optimum 最佳的，最佳值[点，状态] orient 定向，取向orientation 定向oxonium 氧鎓⽺packing 堆砌pattern 花纹，图样式样peculiarity 特性pendant group 侧基performance 性能，特征permeability 渗透性pharmaceutical 药品，药物，药物的，医药的phenyl sodium 苯基钠phenyllithium 苯基锂phosgene 光⽓，碳酰氯photosensitizer 光敏剂plastics 塑料platelet ⽚晶polyamide 聚酰胺polybutene 聚丁烯polycondensation 缩（合）聚（合）polydisperse 多分散的polydispersity 多分散性polyesterification 聚酯化（作⽤）polyethylene 聚⼄烯polyfunctional 多官能度的polymer 聚合物【体】，⾼聚物polymeric 聚合（物）的polypropylene 聚苯烯polystyrene 聚苯⼄烯polyvinyl alcohol 聚⼄烯醇polyvinylchloride 聚氯⼄烯porosity 多孔性，孔隙率positive 正的，阳（性）的powdery 粉状的processing 加⼯，成型radical ⾃由基radical polymerization ⾃由基聚合radius 半径random coil ⽆规线团random decomposition ⽆规降解reactent 反应物，试剂reactive 反应性的，活性的reactivity 反应性，活性reactivity ratio 竞聚率real 真是的release 解除，松开repeating unit 重复单元retract 收缩rubber 橡胶rubbery 橡胶态的rupture 断裂saturation 饱和scalp 筛⼦，筛分seal 密封secondary shaping operation ⼆次成型sedimentation 沉降（法）segment 链段segment 链段semicrystalline 半晶settle 沉淀，澄清shaping 成型side reaction 副作⽤simultaneously 同时，同步single bond 单键slastic parameter 弹性指数slurry 淤浆solar energy 太阳能solubility 溶解度sprinkle 喷洒squeeze 挤压srereoregularity ⽴构规整性【度】stability 稳定性stabilizer 稳定剂statistical 统计的step-growth polymerization 逐步聚合stereoregular 有规⽴构的，⽴构规整性的stoichiometric 当量的，化学计算量的strength 强度stretch 拉直，拉长stripping tower 脱单塔subdivide 细分区分substitution 取代，代替surfactant 表⾯活性剂swell 溶胀swollen 溶胀的synthesis 合成synthesize 合成synthetic 合成的tacky （表⾯）发粘的 ,粘连性tanker 油轮，槽车tensile strength 抗张强度terminate （链）终⽌tertiary 三元的，叔（特）的tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃texture 结构，组织thermoforming 热成型thermondynamically 热⼒学地thermoplastic 热塑性的thermoset 热固性的three-dimensionally ordered 三维有序的titanium tetrachloride 四氯化钛transfer （链）转移，（热）传递triethyloxonium-borofluoride 三⼄基硼氟酸⽺trimer 三聚物（体）triphenylenthyl potassium 三苯甲基钾ultracentrifugation 超速离⼼（分离）ultrasonic 超声波uncross-linked ⾮交联的uniaxial 单轴的unsaturated 不饱和的unzippering 开链urethane 氨基甲酸酯variation 变化，改变vinyl ⼄烯基（的）vinyl chloride 氯⼄烯vinyl ether ⼄烯基醚viscoelastic 黏弹性的viscoelastic state 黏弹态viscofluid state 黏流态viscosity 黏度viscosity average molecular weight黏均分⼦量viscous 粘稠的vulcanization 硫化weight average molecular weight重均分⼦量X-ray x射线 x光yield 产率Young's modulus 杨⽒模量。

HOSE REEL – STANDARD EX AND XL EX 使用说明书

Lajac AB , Maskingatan 10, SE-702 86 Örebro, SwedenTel+46(0)19320087,*************,jac.seUSERS MANUALHOSE REEL – STANDARD EX AND XL EXHose Ø38/50 mmSTANDARD EX XL EXIndex2| Icons3| Product Marking4| Safety Instructions4| Intended Use5| Construction Hose Reel6| Product Description7| Technical Data8| Warning9| Installation Instructions11| Connection to pipe system and grounding 12| Maintenance and Service12| Troubleshooting13| Spring Tension14| Hose Change15| Spare Part List16| EC Declaration of Conformitywww.vacitup.se2IconsWarning!This sign refers to important and relevant information. Be careful when you see this sign and pay attention to the situation. Safety measures accompanied by this icon indicate a risk of injury.Important!This sign refers to important and relevant information. Be careful when you see this sign and pay attention to thesituation. Security measures accompanied by this icon indicate a risk of property damage.Read carefullyRead this manual before using the product for the first time. It contains useful information about its installation, its features and its maintenance.MaintenanceThis icon means that the following instructions are relevant for maintenance.Disconnect the suction sourceWhen this icon is displayed, the product must be switched off and the power supply disconnected from the electrical outlet.Visual inspectionBe careful and check carefully at the machine part specified in the instructions.GroundingBefore using the hose reel, grounding must be carried out as instructed in the manual.Product MarkingHose Reel Up ’n Away is ATEX approved and is marked according to the description:II 3D Ex h IIIC T60ºC Dc X-10ºC≤Ta≤60ºCSafety InstructionsPrior to installation, use, operation and supervision and service, all personnel concerned must have read and understood the contents of this manual carefully.The instructions must be followed carefully and stored in the place where the hose reel is used.Installation, use, service and maintenance must only be carried out by trained and qualified personnel.Vacitup reserves the right to make changes to the design and manual without prior notice.This product is designed to meet the requirements of relevant EC directives. In order tomaintain this and ensure that the hose reel warranty is valid, all instructions in this manual must be followed. The warranty is not valid if the hose reel design changes. Damaged product must not be put into service.Intended UseThe hose reel is intended for indoor general cleaning.The capacity varies depending on the suction source. See technical data for more information about each model.Air curves for calculating the required suction source are available.The hose reel isnot intended for suction of water and other liquids or flammable gases. The hose is not oil resistant.www.vacitup.se 5Construction of the Hose Reel1.The hose socket is adapted to fit the cleaning pipe and various nozzles. Depending on the model, the inside diameter of the hose socket is 38 or 50 mm. The hose socket is made of electrically conductive plastic. 2.The hose is of EVA type, made of plastic with additive to make it electrically conductive. The hose is designed for use in combination with the hose reel.3.The hose stop can be moved on the hose to change the length of the part of the hose hanging from the reel. To move the hose, turn it so that the smooth side comes towards the hose. The hose stop can then bepushed to the desired position. To lock the hose stop, it is turned back so that the nubs lock against the hose. 4. The control arm opens and closes the shutter valve built into the hose reel. The hose stop controls the arm. 5.The shutter valve opens and closes the suction line, which means it is only suction in the hose when the hose reel is in use.6.In addition to the hose drum storing the hose, it is also equipped with a latch that engages each turn.Therefore, the hose stays in the desired position when it is pulled out. To release the latch, pull the hose so the drum rotates about half a lap. Then the hose can be rolled up on the drum.7.The wall bracket has two mounting holes for mounting the hose reel on the wall or ceiling. The holes have a diameter of 10.5 mm and the distance between the holes is 240 mm. The wall bracket also has a pin which is used to mount the hose reel on the wall bracket. The pin also makes the hose reel rotatable, which means that when mounted on a wall it can swing horizontally 165˚.8.The hose reel frame contains the shutter valve, which regulates the suction, and the spring, which allows the hose to roll up. The power of the spring is adapted to be able to roll up the hose on the specific model. This means that the spring is not adapted to withstand any cleaning pipes, nozzles or other tools still connected in the hose cuff. Changing the hose or using a longer hose also affects the function. There is also a sign on the frame indicating the hose reel's production number. Before using the hose reel, grounding must be done according to the instruction on page 11.9.The hose reel is also equipped with a microswitch, which can be used for automatic start/stop of the suction source. The microswitch is approved for a maximum of 230V, 0.5 A, provided connection is made in an approved manner. However, it is recommended to use only low voltage max. 24 V.10.Connection socket for connecting the hose reel to the pipe system. The socket has a diameter of 50 mm on all models. Preferably, a flexible hose is used for the connection, so that the hose reel retains its mobility. Be sure to ground the hose reel to the pipe system.11.The center socket is Ø50 mm on all models and hose is fitted with a hose connection/transition piece.1. Hose cuff2. Hose EX3. Hose stop4. Control arm5. Shutter valve6. Hose drum7. Wall bracket with Locking pin8. Frame and hole for ground cable 9. Microswitch EX 10. Connection socket11.Center socketProduct DescriptionProduct name Hose reelModel Up `n Away Standard EX and XL EXDescription The hose reel consists of frame with bracket, hose drum, spring, hose andmicroswitch. The hose reel is mainly made of iron, lacquered with powdercoating. Spiral hose in conductive PE (CEI EN 61340-2-3:R≤104 OHM) andelastomer with reinforcement on the external spiral with an anti-abrasivefunction.Environment In design, great emphasis has been placed on the choice of materials andproduction method. The hose reel is 99% recyclable. The exception is themicroswitch. In the paint, no solvents are used, either for washing or colormixing.MaterialFrame with bracket Iron, quality SIS 1312Hose drum Iron, quality SIS 1312Hose Ethyl vinyl acetate with the addition of carbonblack. Polyethylene protective tapeBearing rings Acetal.Connection socket Polyethylene with the addition of carbon black.Hose socket Rubber with the addition of carbon black.Hose Top Rubber.Microswitch Plastic (thermoplastics)/stainless steelColor Polyester powder, TGIC-freeProducer Vacitup ABSmedvägen 24SE-443 61 StenkullenSwedenTel: +46 (0)31 44 32 00Email:***************www.vacitup.seTechnical DataType Mount Art.no Size A/B/C/D(mm) Weight(kg)Hose Ø(mm)Hose length(m)Connection Ø(mm)Up ‘n away38 EX Wall 383830 890/165/650/240 12 38 8,5 50Up ‘n away38EXCeiling 383840 890/165/650/240 12 38 8,5 50Up ‘n away50 EX Wall 385060 890/165/650/240 14 50 7,3 50Up ‘n away50 EX Ceiling 385065 890/165/650/240 14 50 7,3 50Up ‘n away38XL EXWall 383850 940/250/650/240 20 38 12 50Up ‘n away38XL EXCeiling 383860 940/250/650/240 20 38 12 50Up ‘n away50XL EXWall 385080 940/250/650/240 20 50 10 50Up ‘n away50XL EXCeiling 385085 940/250/650/240 20 50 10 50Up ’n Away STANDARD EX Up ’n Away XL EXArt.nr: 383830, 383840, 385060, 385065 Art.nr: 383850, 383860, 385080, 385085www.vacitup.se7WarningInstallation Instruction1.The hose reel must be installed in such a way that it cannot cause injuryto any person or property.2.The hose reel must be installed in such a way that it cannot be damagedby other machines or vehicles.3.The minimum minimum height for the hose reel over floor is 2 m to thebottom of the hose drum.4.The highest floor height is shown in the table. The maximum height alsodepends on the selected model.5.Check that the selected location, wall or ceiling, is flat and can withstandthe load of the hose reel.6.Ensure that there is sufficient space around the hose reel so that thehose reel function is not affected.e the correct attachment method for the hose reel on the wall orceiling, depending on the substrate.8.After attaching the hose reel to the wall mount using the hinge pin, donot forget to secure the hinge pin using the attached spring pin.9.No weight may be applied to the hanging hose when the hose reel is notin use.www.vacitup.se 9Installation InstructionModel A min(cm) B min/max(cm)C max(cm)Hole diameterbracket(mm)Up ‘n away Standard EX250 170/190 150 10,5 Up ‘n away XL EX250 170/190 250 10,5Connection to pipe system and grounding1.The hose reel should be connected to the fixed pipe system with aflexible connection hose with steel wire (Fig. 1). Each time newequipment is connected to the hose, the conduction capacity betweenthe reel and the equipment must be measured. The electrical resistanceshould be less than 1MΩ (Fig. 3).The connection diameter of the hose reel is 50 mm on all models. Usesuch hose length that the hose reel movement is not affected.2.Ground the hose reel from the marked hole on the body (Fig. 2) to theground rail for proper potential equalization. Recommended earth cable4 mm², bolt and contact washer M6 AZ FZB.Fig. 1Fig. 3Fig. 2Maintenance and Service1.When servicing and repairing the hose reel, the connected suction source must be stopped.2. Regularly check that the hose reel attachment to the wall or ceiling is sturdy and shows no signs of loosening.3. Perform a visual inspection of the hose reel for damage and possible wear. Check that the hose is intact, firmly attached to the connections and runs easily through the control arm.4.Perform a function check of the damper by moving the control arm back and forth. Remember that both the control arm and the damper should go easily. Loosen theconnection hose and visually check that the damper opens and closes during movement of the control arm. NOTE! Under no circumstances should fingers or objects be inserted into the hose reel connection sockets. Then reinstall the connection hose.5.Perform a functional check of the microswitch. Listen to the microswitch clicking as the control arm is moved down.6. If there is damage to the hose reel that may affect the operation of the hose reel, the damage must be repaired before using the hose reel.7. Ensure that there is no explosive atmosphere or dust layer when cleaning, servicing or inspecting the hose reel.8.During operation, the hose reel should not be covered with thick dust layers (> 4 mm).9.Regularly check the grounding as shown in Figure 3 on page. 11.Troubleshooting1.If the suction deteriorates or ceases, it may be due to objects being trapped in the hose. Especially when bending the hose at the center socket, long objects may get stuck. By removing the hose at the center socket, the object can be removed.2.If the suction force is still poor, pull out the entire length of the hose and connect the outer hose end to the center socket so that the suction direction is reversed.3. If the hose gets stuck, make sure it is not suck in the control arm.4.When replacing hose use only original hose of correct length. Longer hanging hose than recommended and/or suction tools that are connected to the hanging hose, can cause the control arm to fold down and the system to activate unintentionally (see page 9-10).Spring TensionThe reel force of the hose reel is evenly distributed over the entire hose length, which means the hose can easily be pulled out over its entire length, as well as to roll up the hose.If the retraction force is too weak, the spring can be tensioned.Proceed as follows:1. Pull out about two meters of hose and set the hose reel in locking position.2. Pull the hose back between the hose drum and the control arm.3. Apply the hose to the hose drum.To increase the spring tension further, steps 1-3 can be repeated.Hose Change1.Turn off the suction source.2.Pull out the hose to its full length. Make surethe hose stays in the locked position.3.Secure the hose drum to the hose reel frameusing a cable tie or the like, so that the hosedrum does not risk re-springing during hosereplacement.4.Cut the cable tie securing the hose to thehose drum.5.Release the hose in the center of the hosedrum and let it to run out of the control arm.6.Pass the new hose through the control armand out through the hose drum in an evenbend toward the center of the hose drum.Then connect the hose on the center socket.7.Attach the hose to the hose drum with acable tie.8.Thread the hose stop at the outside of thehose. Also mount the hose socket on theend.9.Remove the temporary cable tie from thehose drum against the hose reel frame.10.Pull the hose so that the latch releases andlet the new hose to roll up on the hose drum.Remember to hold the hose at all times andlet it slide through your hands.11.When changing a hose equipped withbending guard, make sure to move it over tothe new hose.Spare Part ListTypeHose cuffHose EXHose stopMicroswitch EXCenter socketUp ‘n away 38 EX 126038 400631 129038 400634 120138 Up ‘n away 50 EX1260504006321290504006341201501. Hose cuff2. Hose EX3. Hose stop9. Microswitch EX 11.Center socketEC Declaration of ConformityDeclaration of incorporation of partly completed machineryManufacturer: Vacitup ABSmedvägen 24SE-443 61 Stenkullenhereby declare that:Product: Hose reel Standard EX and XL EXProduct Marking:II 3D Ex h IIIC T60ºC Dc X-10ºC≤Ta≤60ºCType: Up ‘n Away 38 EX W (383830)Up ‘n Away 38 EX C (383840)Up ‘n Away 50 EX W (385060)Up ‘n Away 50 EX C (385065)Up ‘n Away 38 XL EX W (383850)Up ‘n Away 38 XL EX C (383860)Up ‘n Away 50 XL EX W (385080)Up ‘n Away 50 XL EX C (385085)complies with the applicable provisions of the following directives and standards:Machinery Directive 2006/42/EGATEX directive 2014/34/EUEN ISO 12100:2010EN ISO 13857:2019EN ISO 80079-36:2016Partly completed machinery may not be put into operation until the machine in which it is to be included as part has been declared to be in conformity with the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC.Stenkullen, 9 mars 2020Almir KarahodzicMD, Vacitup AB。

最全的玻璃英语专业术语(terms_of_glass_English)..-共23页

air-tight double glazing window 密闭双层玻璃窗multiple glazing 多层玻璃; 多层玻璃窗multiple-glazing unit 多层玻璃窗outside glazing 外装玻璃法patent glazing 专利装玻璃配件; 无油灰镶玻璃法plate glazing 平板压光plate glazing calender 平板抛光机; 平板砑光机putty glazing 油灰镶玻璃法puttyless glazing 无油灰镶玻璃法rebate of glazing 镶嵌玻璃槽口reflecting glazing 反射窗玻璃salt glazing 盐釉self-glazing 自动研光spray glazing 喷釉法spraying glazing 喷釉anti-burglary glazing 防盗玻璃窗attack resisting glazing 防盗窗玻璃bead glazing 压条装配玻璃法body wetting before glazing 补水copper glazing 铜条嵌镶玻璃copperlight glazing 铜条嵌镶玻璃copperlite glazing 铜条装配玻璃corrugated roof glazing 瓦楞玻璃屋面direct glazing 无窗框安装法double glazing unit 双层中空玻璃double-glazing 双层玻璃13X 13X 分子筛3A 3A 分子筛4A 4A 分子筛abbeive 阻黏剂，防黏剂，分离剂ablation 脱离，切除，消融abrasion 磨耗，磨损，磨蚀abrasion hardness 磨蚀硬度abrasion index 磨损指数abrasion tester 磨损实验机accelerateagingtest 加速老化实验acetate 乙酸盐，乙酸酯，乙酸根，乙酸基acetone 丙酮acid resistance 耐酸性acoustic 声学的acrylic resin 丙烯酸类树脂acrylic 丙烯酸，亚克利acrylics 丙烯酸acrylonitrile 丙烯腈activation 激活activator 活化剂adduct 加（成化）合物adhere 黏合，黏附adhesion 老化实验，老化检验adhesion 黏合adhesion failure 黏合破坏adhesion of rubber to metal 橡胶和金属粘结adhesion promoter 黏合增进剂，助黏剂adhesive 黏合剂adsorbent 吸附剂adsorption 吸附affinity 亲和性aluminum oxide 氧化铝aluminum profile 铝型材aluminum section 铝型材aluminum shim/butyl spacer 铝带丁基胶条，实唯高胶条aluminum spacer 铝间隔条，槽铝式ambient noise 环境噪音ambient temperature 环境温度amorphous 无定性的，非晶质的angstroms 埃anhydrite 无水石膏an nealed glass 原片，普通玻璃an nealing 退火，退火的an nealing lehr （隧道氏）退火窑（炉）an nealing point 退火温度（相当黏度为1018 泊）anodize 阳极氧化anomaly 异常AFG （American Float Glass ）美国浮发玻璃公司Agate 玛瑙Aging 陈化，老化aging resistance 耐老化性，老化性能aging test 老化实验argon filled 充氩气air adsorption 气体吸附air barrier 防漏气隔离层，隔离屏障，气挡air curing 空气硫化，空气熟化air drying 风干air filled 充空气air infiltration 空气渗透air infiltration 空气渗透air side 浮法玻璃生产中朝上的玻璃面air space 空气层airflow 气流alabaster 雪花石膏，雪花石膏制的aldehydes 醛aliphatic 脂（肪）族化合物salkali 碱alkali metal salt 碱金属盐alkali resistance 耐碱性alkalinity 碱性，碱度alligatoring 鳄纹alumina 氧化铝aluminoborosilicate glass 铝硼硅酸盐玻璃aluminosilicate glass 铝硅酸盐玻璃aluminum 铝anticracking agent 防裂剂（橡胶）antimony oxide 氧化镝antioxidant 抗氧化剂application table 操作台aqueous 水的，含水的，水成的argon 氩气arsenic 砷arsenic trisulfide 三氧化砷arsenious oxide 五氧化二砷art glass 艺术玻璃，镶嵌玻璃大气或臭氧asphalt 沥青柏油ASTM 美国中空玻璃检测标Atmospheric or ozone cracking （作用）龟裂，自然龟裂Atmospheric pressure 大气压（力）Attenuation 衰减物Autoclave 高压釜Bback-bone 主链，主要成分，骨干，骨架back-fill 反填充，回填充bacteria 细菌barium crown glass 钡冕玻璃barium oxide 氧化钡barometric pressure 气压base基胶batch house 料房，配料车间bath 瑶池，池炉bending strength 弯曲强度bent glass 弯玻璃，弯玻bent spacer 连续弯管金属隔条bentonite 膨润土，皂土，浆土benzene 苯benzene ring 苯环beryllium 铍Bicherous smiotios pocess 比切罗克斯法，间歇压延法（平板玻璃）bitumen 沥青，柏油bleeding 增塑剂等渗出表面形成薄膜baistering 起泡，气泡blocks 玻璃支撑快bromine 溴brookfield synchro-lectric visosimetre 布鲁克菲尔德单圆筒黏度计brookfiled test 布鲁克菲尔德检测Btu 英国热量单位（=256Cal ）Bubbing 起泡Bloom 起霜白化blown ware 吹制的玻璃制品blue-line drawing 蓝图blush 起霜白化boiler gages 锅炉表bond breakage键断裂bond strength 键强度bonding agent 键合剂，黏合剂borate 硼酸盐borax硼砂boric acid 硼酸boric oxide 氧化硼boron 硼borosilicate cwn 硼硅酸盐冕玻璃brosiliceglass 硼硅酸盐bow 弯曲弓形box spacer 槽铝式隔条brglass 防弹玻璃breakage 炸裂breaking stress 极限应力，破裂应力breather tube 呼吸管brewsters布鲁斯特，（光弹性单位）bullet resistant glass 防弹玻璃bull 's e后ye圆玻璃，圆快玻璃butadiene 丁二烯butyl 丁基胶butylene 丁烯C Cadmium 镉Calcareous 钙质，含钙的石灰的Calcium peroxide 过氧化钙Calcium carbonate碳酸钙CAN/CGSB-12.8-97 加拿检测标准大中空玻璃Canal arch 通道拱Capillary 毛细管Capillary tube unit 安装毛细管的中空玻璃Carbon black 碳黑carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cardinal IG 美国卡迪诺中空玻璃公司catalyst 催化剂，触媒，固化剂cathode阴极caulk 堵缝，填隙cavity thickness 空腔厚度Celsius 摄氏cement 水泥，胶结剂，胶结，封接CEN 欧洲中空坡璃标准centigrade 摄氏centipoise 厘泊（黏度单位）centre in tension 中央张力centre of the glass 玻璃中央chain stopper 链终止剂，止链剂chalcogenide glass 硫属玻璃chalking 粉化，起垩Charles ' s La查w 里定理checking 龟裂checking sunlight 日晒引起的龟裂chemical fogging 化学雾chemical resistance 耐化学性chemical strengthened glass 化学钢化玻璃chlorine 氯chord 弦chords 弦circumference 圆周，周围clay 粘土，粘土质的clear glass 白玻，透明玻璃coadsorption 共吸附coating technology 镀膜技术cobalt 钴coefficient of expansion 膨胀系数cohesion 内聚cohesive failure 内聚失败cold edge 冷边cold flexibility 冷挠曲性cold flow 冷流cold resistant 抗冷性，耐冷度compatibility 相容性compatible spacer 相容间隔条compound curve 复合曲线（玻璃）compression modulus 压缩模量compression set 永入性破坏compressive strength 压强度compressive stress 压应力concave 凹的condensation 冷凝condensation gutter 冷凝水收集槽，沟conduction 传导conductivity 传导container stability （=shelf life ）货架寿命contamination 污染continuos film 平整的薄膜，无断裂或针眼convection 对流conventional hot melt 普通热融胶，常规热融胶convex 凸cool light 冷光cooling 冷却copolymer （二元）共价物copper 铜comer key 插角correlation 相关corrosion resistance 抗腐蚀能力cracking 裂化，裂解，断裂，裂纹creep 蠕变critical temperature 临界温度crosslink 化学交联cross-linking agent 交联剂crown glass 冕法玻璃，人工吹制成的玻璃片crystal glass 晶质玻璃crystal structure 晶体结构crystallization 结晶，结晶作用，晶化cullet 碎玻璃，废玻璃（料）cumene hydroperoxide 氢过氧化枯烯curative 固化剂，硬化剂cure time 固化时间curing agent 触媒，固化剂curing mechanism 固化机制curtain wall 幕墙curved glass 异型玻璃cyclic wind loading 周期性风荷载cycling 循环cylinder glass 筒形玻璃，（吹制或拉制）D，圆筒法平板玻璃Damping 缓冲，减震，阻尼Daylight 日光Dead air 静止空气Dead load 自重Decibel （dB）分贝Decorative glass 装饰玻璃，镶嵌玻璃Deflection 挠度，挠曲Delaminate 分层，脱层Delinerate 描绘，叙述，描外形Density 密度Depth 深度Desiccant 分子筛Design load 设计荷载Desorption 解吸附Dew point 露点Diameter 直径Diamond pyramid 金刚石锥硬度标Diaphram 横膈膜，隔膜，膜片Dichromate 重铬酸盐Dicing 骰子Dielectric 电介体，电介质；介电的Diffusion 扩散Diisocyanates 二异氰酸盐Diluent 稀释剂，冲淡剂Dilute 稀释Dilution 稀释Dimethyl ketone 二甲丙酮DIN 1286 德国中空玻璃标准1286Dip coat 浸涂Disentangle 解开，清理Dispersion 色散，弥散]distribution 分布distortion 扭曲，畸变disulfide 二硫化物divider 除数，间隔物，隔板，划分者dolomite 白云石door-light 镶嵌玻璃drain line 流浆线道drawn glass 拉制玻璃drawn sheet glass 拉制平板玻璃drum 55 加仑铁桶dry time 缺胶接头DSE 等同双道密封Dispersion 分散(作用) ，分散体，色散，离差Dual panes unit 双玻中空玻璃Dual panes 双玻中空玻璃Dual seal 双道密封Dual-sealed units 双道密封中空玻璃Dlurability 耐久性Durometer 硬度詈，硬度测验器Dynamic fatigue 动态疲劳EEdge clearance 边部间隙Edge cover 边部遮盖Edge of glass 玻璃边部Edge seal 边部密封Edge seal height 边部密封高度Edgetech IC 美国艾杰中空玻璃技术××公司Elastic solid 弹性固体Elasticity 弹性Elastomer 高弹性Electromagetic 电磁的Elements 元素，自然界的风，雨，雪和雷电等Elongation 延伸Emery 刚玉粉，刚砂Emulsion 乳状液Enamel glass 釉彩玻璃Encyclopedia 百科全书Endothermic 吸热的Energy efficiency 能源效率Energy star 美国能源明星计划ENR 室外噪音评定ER ( energy rating )能源等级评定Erosion 腐蚀Ethylene 乙烯EWNR(exterior wall noise rating ) 外墙噪音评定Exhaling air 呼出空气Exothermic 放热的Exterior glazing 室外安装玻璃Factory glazed 工厂安装玻璃Fahrenheit 华氏Failure analysis （water immersion technique）失败分析Far ir 远红外Fatigue strength （疲劳强度）Faying surfaces 接触面Feeder 进料器，加料器Feldspar 长石Feldspathic 长石质的Fenestration 门窗Fiberglass 玻璃钢Filler 填料Filter cake 滤饼Fin 毛刺Fire-retardant material 阻燃材料Flame resistant 耐燃性（的）Flame retardant 阻燃剂Flash point 闪点，闪燃点Flat glass 平板玻璃Flaw 缺陷Flexible 弹性的Flexible silicone foam 弹性硅酮微孔间隔条，超级间隔条Flint glass 火石玻璃，无色玻璃Float glass 浮法玻璃Float process 浮法工艺Flow out 流出Flow point 玻璃的流动温度Fluorine 氟Fluxe 溶剂Fluxing agent 助熔剂Fog 雾Fogging unit 内侧雾化的中空玻璃Foot 英尺Forming roll 压延辊Four sides curtain wall 全隐式幕墙Fractography 断口组织试验，断口组织的显微镜观察Fracture 破碎，断面，断裂，破坏FRAME 计算机模拟热流的软件Frequency 频率Front end 窑前端Front gable –wall 前脸墙，端墙Frost poin 霜点Ft/reel 英尺/ 轴Fulcrum 支点Fumed silica 热解法二氧化硅，火成二氧化硅Fungi 霉菌Furnace 炉，窑Furnace floor 炉底，窑床Fusion 熔融，熔化GGallon 加仑Gas 气体，惰性气体Gas retention 惰性气体保持能力Gas –filled unit 充惰性气体的中空玻璃Gasket 玻璃密封胶条Geometry 几何Geolrgian bar 美隔条Germicidal 杀菌的Girth 曲线周长Glass blowetr 玻璃灯工，玻璃吹制工Glass breakage 玻璃炸裂Glass crtain wall 玻璃幕墙Glass edge seal 玻璃边缘密封Glass modulus 玻璃态模量Glass phase 玻璃相Glass point 玻璃点Glass ribbon 玻璃带，玻璃条Glass transit temperature 玻璃化温度Glass washer 玻璃清洗机Glassblowing 玻璃吹制Glass-making 玻璃制造Glassware 玻璃器皿Glazing bead 玻璃压条Glazing material 玻璃，玻璃密封材料Glazing rabbet 玻璃镶嵌槽Glazing system 玻璃装配系统Glossary 小辞典，词汇表Goblet 小料块(玻璃)料滴Gouges 表GPR (gas permeance rate ) 气体渗透率Green strength 初始湿强度Greenhouse 温室Grinding hardness 研磨硬度Grit 压痕硬度Grout 薄浆(水泥)GS(galvanized steel ) 镀锌钢Gun consistency 适用从胶枪嘴向外打胶的松软度Gypum 石膏HH.B.Fuller 美国富乐公司H.H(high temperature high humidity) 高温高温Hard coat 硬度膜Hardness 硬度Heat flow 热流Heat mirror 热境Heat press roller 热(辊)压机Heat resistance 抗热Heat treated 热处理Heating 供热Heat-seal 熔焊，熔接，热封Heat-strengthened glass 热增强玻璃，半钢化玻璃Heat-treated glass 热处理玻璃Hermetic 气密的Hertz(HZ) 赫兹Heterogeneous 不均匀的，多相的Hiding power 遮盖的，覆盖力，盖底力，被覆盖High humidity testing 高湿试验HIGS 北美中空玻璃标准HI-TR 耐高热HMB 热融丁基胶Holiday 空胶，露布，露白，露胶Hook 钩Horizontal 水平的，卧式的Hot melt 热融胶Hot melt butyl 热融丁基胶Hot melt sealant 热融密封胶Humidity 温度Humidity aging 温度老化HVAC 中央空调Hydrocarbon 碳水化合物Hydrolytic 水解Hydrolytic resistance 抗水解Hydrolyzability 水解Hydrophilic action 亲水性， (的)反应，吸湿反应Hydroxides 氢氧化物Hydroxy 羟基Ideal Gas Law 理想气体定律）北美中空玻璃制造联盟LGMA （lnsulating Glass Manufuracturing Alliance LGU中空玻璃单元Impact 冲击Impact resistance 抗冲击Impact strength 抗冲击强度Impart 给予，分给Impeller 叶轮Imperial 英制Incandescent lamp 白炽灯Inch 英寸Incident noise 入射噪音IIndentation hardness 压痕硬度Inert gas 惰性气体Infrared 红外线Ingredient 组分，成分Inhaling air 吸入空气Initial 初始的Initial dew point 初始露点Inorganic 无机的Inside temperature 室内温度Insulating block 保温材料块Insulating glass 中空玻璃Insulating value 保温值Insulation material 保温材料Intensity 强度；密（集）度LnterceptTM U 型间隔条TM Interior glazing 室内安装玻璃Intelayer 夹胶，夹层Internal reflection 内反射Internal strain 内应变Internal stresse 内应力Iodine 碘Ion exchange 离子交换Ion exchange process 离子交换反应LR 红外线Iron oxide 氧化铁Isocyanate 异氰酸盐（酯）Isoprene 异戊二烯，丁二烯，甲基-1 Isostere（电子）等排物Isotherm 等温线Jamp 边框KKaolin 高岭土Kiln bottom 窑底Knurl roll 压花辊LLading （用勺子）舀（玻璃液）Laminated glass 夹层玻璃Lap point 搭接点，搭接面Lap shear 搭接剪切实验LBNL （lawrence Berkerly National Laboratory）美国劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室Le Joint Francais（LJF）法国乐杰福密封胶××公司Lead crystal 铅晶质玻璃Lead oxide 氧化铅Lead peroxide 过氧化铅Lead –alkali –silicate glass 铅碱硅盐酸玻璃Leaded glass 含铅玻璃Lehr 退火窑（炉）Leq 等效声音级别Life exqectancy 寿命期望值，期望寿命Lifting 提升，举起，升起Limestone 石灰石Lindemann glass 林德曼玻璃（含X 射线含锂铍硼玻璃）Linear thermal coefficient of expansion 先性膨胀系数Lip 瓶口Lite 玻璃Lithia 氧化锂Live load 活载荷，活负载Load 荷载，载荷，负荷Load average 平均荷载Location block 定位块Logarithmics 对数Longevity 长久性，寿命Long-wave 长波Low-Eglass 低辐射玻璃Low-emissivty coatings 低辐射镀膜Low-emissvity glass 低辐射玻璃LOW-TR 耐低热Lump 起疙瘩，胶团，块nanometer 纳米National Fenestration Rating Council 美国国家门窗等级评定委员会negative pressure 负压Neolithic 新石器时代的，过时的neoprene 氯丁橡胶，氯丁二烯橡胶neutral 中性NFPA 美国国家放火署NERC 美国门窗等级评定委员会niter 硝石nitrile rubber 丁腈橡胶nitrogen 氮气noble metal 贵金属noise 噪音noise control 噪声控制noise factor 噪声系数noise figure 噪声疲劳noise insulation factor 隔噪声因子noise level 噪声级noise limitation 噪声限度noise meter 噪生计noise muffler 噪声衰减器noise pollution 噪声污染noise reduction 噪声降低noise reduction coefficient 降(低)噪(声)系数nominal strain 名义应变nominal stress 名义应力noncollapisible 不可收缩的，不可折叠的noncrystalline 非晶体的nondrying 不干性nonductile 不可展伸的nonsag 非下垂nonskinning 表层不固化的nonstaining 不污染的nontoxic 无毒NR(noise reduction) 降噪NRC(national research Council of Canada) 加拿大国家研究院Nylon 尼龙QQuality 质量Qualitycontrol 质量控制Quantity 数量Quartz 石英R ＆D(research ＆development) 研究与开发Rabbet platform 玻璃镶嵌槽底片Radiation 辐射Radii 半径(单数) Radiology 放射线Radius 半径(单数) Rapid dew point drop 漏点下降快Reactive 反应型的Reactive hot melt 反应型热融胶，湿气固化热融胶Reactor 反应堆real-time 实时refining end 澄清部，澄清带reflective glass 反射镀膜玻璃refraction 折射refractive index 折射的，折射指数，折射率relative humidity(r.h) 相对湿度residentail building 名用住宅底层建筑residual water 残余水resistor 电阻，电阻器resonnating 共振，共鸣reverberation 混响reverse dual seal 逆向双道密封rh 相对湿度rheological 流变的rheological agent 流变剂rheological characteristic 流变特性ribbon glass 带状玻璃，玻璃带rigidity 刚性rod 棒料，棒，条roller press 辊压rolling machine 压铸机rolled glass 压延玻璃room temperature 室温residential 民用的RTV(room temperature vulcanizing) 室温硫化Rupture 破裂，断裂，裂缝，裂口，洞穿Rutile titanium dioxide 金红石型二氧化钛R-value 热阻S Saflex 首诺胶片Sag 下垂度sagging 下垂度salt spray test 喷盐实验sand 石英砂，砂子saturation equilibrium 饱和均衡schematic 示意图scrap glass 废玻璃scratch 划伤scratch hardness 刮痕硬度，划痕硬度screw spline 螺丝连接槽，连接键sea level 海平面sealant 密封胶sealed failure 密封失败sealed insulating glass 密封中空玻璃Sealed lnsulating Glass Manufacturers Associations Sealed space 密封空腔] Secondary seal 第二道密封Secondary sealant 第二道密封胶Seed 灰泡小气泡Selenide 硒化物Self-cleaning glass 自清洁玻璃Semiconducting glass 半导体玻璃Service termpreature 工作温度Setting block 玻璃支撑块SE6（sulfur hexaflouride ）六氟化硫Shear 剪切Shear strength 剪切强度Shelf aging 搁置老化Shelf life 货架寿命SHGC 增阳系数Shore hardness A 邵氏硬度A Short vinyl 短胶Short wavelength 短波波长Shrinkage 收缩Shut-off gate 闸门，供料机闸砖（供料机上用）SIGMA 美国中空玻璃制造商协会Silanol 硅烷醇Silica gel 硅胶美国中空玻璃制造商协会Silicate glass 硅酸盐玻璃Silicone carbide 炭化硅Silicone structural seal 硅酮结构胶Silicone weatherseal 硅酮耐候胶Silicone 硅酮胶Sill 窗台（板），窗口Silimanite 硅线石Simulation 模拟Single pane 单片玻璃Skid 托盘Slab (厚)板玻璃，玻璃砖Slag 炉底玻璃；炉渣，矿渣Sloped glazed 倾斜似玻璃装配Slot 缝Slump 下垂度Smart glass 智能玻璃Smart window 智能窗Snap-oncover cap 扣入式外盖Soda(sodium carbonate) 碳酸钠Soda ash 苏打灰Soda ash glass 钠玻璃Soda lime glass 钠钙玻璃Soda-lime-silica glass 钠钙硅酸盐玻璃Sodium gydroxide 氢氧化钠，苛性钠，烧碱Sodium oxide 氧化钠Sodium si9licate 钠硅酸盐Soft coat 软镀膜Softening point 软化点，软化温度Solar energy 太阳能Solar rediation 太阳辐射Solar tranmittance 太阳投射比Solar transmission 太阳投射Solidify 使凝固，凝结，固化Sovent 溶剂Sound 声音Sound absorption 声吸收Sound absorption coefficient 吸声系数Sound contral glass 声控玻璃Sound diffusion 声发散Soun energy 声能Sound energy density 声能密度Sound energy fllux 声能通量Sound grating 声栅Sound level 声级Sound proof 不透声的Sound source 声源Sound spectrum 声谱Sound wave 声波Soupy 胶浆的Spacer 间隔条，中空玻璃间隔条Spacer depth 间隔条深度，间隔条高度Spacer height 间隔条高度Spacer width 间隔条宽度Spandrel glass 安装在建筑物外墙不见光的无光泽玻璃Sparklike 芬兰斯巴莱克公司Specific adhesion 特性黏合，比黏合Specific gravity 比重Specific heat 比熟Specimen 样品Spectrophotometry 分光光度测定(法)Splotch 污点，(渍，痕) ，斑点Spout 料盘，流料槽Spout cover 供料池盖砖Spun glass 玻璃纤维，玻璃丝Sputter-coated low –e 阴极溅射低辐射镀膜Ss(stainless steel) 不锈钢Stained glass 彩色玻璃Stainless steel 不锈钢Stainless steel spacer 不锈钢间隔条Standard deviation 标准差Starved joint 缺胶接头Stc(sound transmission coefficient) 声透射系数Stearic acid 硬脂酸，十八(烷)酸Sticky 胶黏的Stiffener 加强筋Stiffness 挺度，劲度，僵硬度Straight chain 直链Strain 应变Stain point 应变点Stree 应力Structural design 结构设计Structural sealant glazed system(SSG) 结构胶玻璃装配系统Structural strength 结构强度Substrate 基材Sulfides 硫化物Sulfric acod 硫酸Super spacer 超级间隔条Surface flaw 表面缺陷Surface in compression 表面压应力Surface temperature 表面温度Surface tension 表面张力Suspended glazing 吊挂似玻璃装配Swiggle stripTM 实维高胶条、舒适胶条Synthetic 人工复合TTack free 表干Tangent 正切Target 靶Tear strength 剪切强度Technical data 技术数据Tellurite glass 碲玻璃Tempered glass 钢化玻璃Tensile modulus 拉伸模量Tensile streength 拉伸强度Tension 张力拉伸Terminology 术语Test apparatus 实验仪器Tetrahedral 四面体的Tetramethyl 四甲基Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide 二硫化四甲基秋兰姆Thermal aging 热老化Thermal analysis 热分析Thermal break 热炸裂Thermal conductance 热传导Thermal conductivity coefficient 热传导系数Thermal contraction 热收缩Thermal diffusivity 热扩散系数Thermal energy 热能Thermal shock 热冲击Thermal shock resistance 抗热冲击阻力Thermal syrain 热应变Shermal stress 热应力Thermal value 热值Thermo set 热固Thermocouple 电热偶Thermoplastic 热塑Thiokol 聚硫胶，聚硫橡胶，乙硫橡胶Thiuram type accelerator 秋兰姆类促进剂Thixotrope 触变胶Thixotropic 触变（的），具有触变作用的Thixotropic agent 触变剂Thixotropy 触变性Thixotropy factor 触变系数Thixotropy index 触变指数Thorium 钍Threshold 限度，界限Tin catalyst 锡触媒Tint glass 本体着色玻璃Tint 着色，色彩，色调Titania 氧化钛Titanium dioxide 二氧化钛，钛白Toluene 甲苯Toughened gloass 强化玻璃Transformation temperature （玻璃的）转变温度Translucent 半透明的Transparency 透明度Transverse seam 横向缝Tray bar 接料板Tray roiier 传送辊Triple pane unit 三玻中空窗Triple panes 三玻中空窗Trowel 镘刀，抹平刀Trowelling 抹涂，镘涂Tubing 管，管道，制管Tungsten 钨Tweel 炉闸口Two sides curtain wall 半隐式幕墙Two-component 双组分UUltimate elongation 极限伸长Ultraviolet 紫外线Ultravioet light 紫外线灯Ultraviolet-transmitting glass 透紫外线玻璃Unalterate 未改变的，不变的Undestructive argon 非破坏性氩气分析仪Undulating current 波荡电流Uniform loading 均匀负荷Uniform thickness 均匀厚度United inches 玻璃的一个边长和边宽之和UOP 美国环球分子筛公司Uv-lamp 紫外线灯U-value U 值Ventilation 通风Vertical 垂直的，立式的Vertical mullion 竖框Vibrate 振动Vinyl 乙烯基，聚氯乙烯Virus 病毒Viscoelasticity 黏弹性Viscometer 黏度计Viscosimeter 黏度计Viscosity 黏度Viscous 黏（滞）的Visible 可见的Visible light 可见光Vistanex 聚异丁烯Visual distortion 视觉变形Vitreous 熔融状，玻璃状的，玻化Volatile 挥发的，易挥发的Volatile fogging 挥发化学物Volatile outgassing 挥发气体外泄Vulcanization 硫化，硬化Vulcanize 硫化，硬化WWaisting 细腰玻璃Warm edge 暖边Warm edge technology 暖边技术Warp 玻璃状板；光学扭曲，翘曲Warranty 质保书Water immersion 浸水Wavelength 波长Weather cycling 气候循环实验，气候循环检测Weatherometer 老化实验机Wedge 锲，锲入Weep 漏（泄渗）水Weep hole 排水孔Weep slot 槽形排水孔WET（warm edge technology）暖边技术Wetting 润湿White room 绝尘室，无尘室Wind load 风荷载Windborne 住链，主要成分；骨干；骨架Wire glass 夹丝玻璃Work life 操作时间XXenon gas 疝气x-ray leaded glass 防X 射线含铅玻璃x-ray protction 防X 射线x-ray shielding X 射线屏障xylene 二甲苯Yield strength 屈服强度Yong ＇s modulus 杨模量ZZeolite 沸石Zinc oxide 氧化锌Zirconium oxide 氧化锆γ-glycidoxpropyltimethoxysilane - 环氧丙γ氧丙基三甲氧基硅脘IIdeal Gas Law 理想气体定律LGMA ( lnsulating Glass Manufuracturing Alliance )北美中空玻璃制造联盟LGU 中空玻璃单元Impact 冲击Impact resistance 抗冲击Impact strength 抗冲击强度Impart 给予，分给Impeller 叶轮Imperial 英制Incandescent lamp 白炽灯Inch 英寸Incident noise 入射噪音Indentation hardness 压痕硬度Inert gas 惰性气体Infrared 红外线Ingredient 组分，成分Inhaling air 吸入空气Initial 初始的Initial dew point 初始露点Inorganic 无机的Inside temperature 室内温度Insulating block 保温材料块Insulating glass 中空玻璃Insulating value 保温值Insulation material 保温材料Intensity 强度；密（集）度LnterceptTM U 型间隔条TM Interior glazing 室内安装玻璃Intelayer 夹胶，夹层Internal reflection 内反射Internal strain 内应变Internal stresse 内应力Iodine 碘Ion exchange 离子交换Ion exchange process 离子交换反应LR 红外线Iron oxide 氧化铁Isocyanate 异氰酸盐（酯）Isoprene 异戊二烯，丁二烯，甲基-1 Isostere（电子）等排物Isotherm 等温线。

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Elastomer-Carbon Black Interaction: Influence of Elastomer Chemical Structure and Carbon Black Surface Chemistry on Bound Rubber Formation

A. ROYCHOUDHURY and P. P. DE* Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, India

SYNOPSIS The contribution of elastomer polarity and reactivity to bound rubber formation has been investigated. In this study, a number of elastomers of different chemical nature have been tested. The surface of the carbon black (N110) has also been modified by nitric acid oxidation in order to increase the concentration of surface functional groups. The experimental results have shown that the bound rubber formation is barely related to the polarity of the polymers. It is the reactive sites in both the elastomer and carbon black which are mainly responsible for bound rubber formation. It therefore appears that the elastomer/carbon black interaction leading to the formation of bound rubber is essentially a chemical process involving primary bond formation between elastomer and carbon black. The oxidized carbon black exhibits a higher surface activity which may be due to an increased concentration of oxygen-con- taining reactive surface sites, namely, phenolic hydroxyl, carboxyl, lactone, and quinone groups. 0 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

INTRODUCTION The reinforcement of an elastomer by a filler is as- sociated with a strong interaction between the filler surface and elastomer.' Although a complete knowl- edge of the exact nature of elastomerlfiller inter- action is still lacking, the polymer/filler attachments appear to be both physical and chemical, depending on the physicochemical character of the filler surface and the chemical nature of the elastomer.' It is com- mon knowledge that the morphology of carbon black, and in particular, its particle size, is much more im- portant for elastomer reinforcement than the chem- ical energy available at the surface of the filler.3 However, the morphology of carbon black is not suf- ficient to impart high reinforcement levels in satu- rated or nearly saturated rubbers, for instance, eth- ylene-propylene rubber (EPR) and butyl rubber (IIR) . Gessler4 showed that oxidized carbon blacks, as compared to untreated blacks, imparted much better reinforcement to butyl rubber, especially * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 55, 9-15 (1995) 0 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CCC 0021-8995/95/010009-07 when heated to high temperatures. He attributed this behavior to the reactions of oxygenated surface groups of carbon black with double bonds of the ela~tomer.~ Surprisingly, even with highly unsatu- rated elastomers, such as, natural rubber and SBR, oxidized carbon blacks also lead to the formation of a higher amount of bound r~bber.~.~ According to Serizawa et a1.,6 this is due to an attenuation of in- teractions between carbon black and elastomer. Asai et al.,7 however, have a different opinion; they as- serted that the increase of bound rubber in these particular systems was a consequence of enhanced carbon black/elastomer interaction. Anyway, whatever the interpretation would be, this increase in bound rubber with increasing surface function- ality of carbon blacks probably illustrates that bound rubber formation of carbon blacks and elastomers, at least with natural rubber and SBR, is not entirely a physical process. In previous studies?' we observed that the polar rubbers (both saturated and unsaturated), having reactive functional groups (e.g., chlorosulfonated polyethylene and epoxidized natural rubber) showed much higher affinity for oxidized carbon blacks. On the other hand, polyethylacrylate, a saturated polar

9 10 ROYCHOUDHURY AND DE

rubber but without any reactive functional group exhibits a much weaker interaction with carbon blacks." However, the nature of the interaction, in particular the importance of the carbon black surface chemistry for the reinforcement of polar rubbers, has not been well studied in literature. In the present study, the nature of elastomer/

carbon black interaction has been investigated through bound rubber measurements. For this, elas- tomers of different chemical natures have been uti- lized. The investigation also includes carbon black that has been subjected to surface oxidation.

EXPERIMENTAL The chlorosulfonated polyethylene ( CSM) used in the present study was Hypalon-40 which contained 35% chlorine and 1% sulfur on a weight basis, and