博士研究生考试考博英语模拟题2020年(79)_真题-无答案

博士研究生考试考博英语模拟题2020年(79)(总分150,考试时间150分钟)Structure and V ocabulary1. 1.The mayor was asked to______his speech in order to allow his audience to raise questions.A. constrainB. conductC. condenseD. converge2. 2.The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increased ______, a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs.A. circulationB. reproductionC. manipulationD. penetration3. 3.If I had a car of my own, I______it to your sister yesterday.A. will lendB. would lendC. should lendD. would have lent4. 4.The newcomers found it impossible to______themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.A. suitB. adaptC. regulateD. coordinate5. 5.It's a program designed to______mainly to 16 to 25 year olds.A. includeB. appreciateC. appealD. conduct6. 6.The actress lives in a very fashionable______of town.A. positionB. componentC. quarterD. zone7. 7.The store displayed its most______products in the front window.A. modelB. presentC. distinctiveD. favorite8. 8.Bob fails to attend the evening school. He______sick, because he never asks for leave.A. may beB. can beC. must beD. is9. 9.______that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.A. ForB. NowC. SinceD. Despite10. 10.Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his______to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.A. commentB. reactionC. impressionD. comprehension11. 11.Although the accident did very little______to the car, I still suggest that you drive more carefully next time.A. demolishmentB. ruinC. destructionD. damage12. 12.We had to______a lot of noise when the children were at home.A. go in forB. hold on toC. put up withD. keep pace with13. 13.Criticism and self-criticism are necessary______they help us to find and correct our mistakes.A. by thatB. at thatC. on thatD. in that14. 14.However, at times this balance in nature is______, resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.A. troubledB. disturbedC. confusedD. puzzled15. 15.He offered to______her a hand as the suitcase was too heavy for her to carry.A. helpB. showC. lendD. borrow16. 16.The patient's health failed to such an extent that he was put into______ care.A. tenseB. rigidC. intensiveD. tight17. 17.A person's calorie requirements vary______his life.A. acrossB. throughoutC. overD. within18. 18.Generous public funding of basic science would______considerable benefits for the country's health, wealth and security.A. lead toB. result fromC. lie inD. settle down19. 19.In a time of social reform, people's state of mind tends to keep______with the rapid changes of society.A. stepB. progressC. paceD. touch20. 20.Harry was______by a bee when he was collecting the honey.A. stungB. stuckC. bittenD. scratchedClozeIn the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had【C1】______that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that【C2】______variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the【C3】______are not solely fixed by the genes.【C4】______, the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly【C5】______instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans; it is something in between the two. An illustration best【C6】______the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know that, shortly【C7】______they hatch, ducklings fix【C8】______any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are【C9】______for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerably【C10】______, even ones that have a considerable base【C11】______by genetics.Even among the social insects something like imprinting【C12】______influence socialbehavior. For example, biologists once thought **municated with others purely 【C13】______instinct. But, in examining a "dance" that bees do to indicate the distance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could **municate effectively. At a higher level, the genetic base seems to be much more for an all-purpose learning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, generally【C14】______very good mother but Jane Goodall reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or【C15】______fail to nurture the young.21. 21.【C1】A. assumedB. adoptedC. believedD. surmised22. 22.【C2】A. considerateB. consideredC. considerableD. considering23. 23.【C3】A. statuesB. statusesC. statutesD. statures24. 24.【C4】A. What's moreB. HenceC. ButD. However25. 25.【C5】A. notB. onlyC. butD. solely26. 26.【C6】A. clarifiesB. classifiesC. definesD. outlines27. 27.【C7】A. thanB. beforeC. whenD. after28. 28.【C8】A. onB. withC. inD. within29. 29.【C9】A. appropriatedB. substitutedC. assignedD. distributed30. 30.【C10】A. variedB. deviatedC. differedD. altered31. 31.【C11】A. fashionedB. modifiedC. influencedD. affected32. 32.【C12】A. mayB. shouldC. mustD. can33. 33.【C13】A. byB. out ofC. fromD. through34. 34.【C14】A. proveB. makeC. turnD. create35. 35.【C15】A. otherwiseB. stillC. yetD. evenReading ComprehensionHumanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world's population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.But that doesn't have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world—if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.Instead, for all used except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions andpumping it to nearby cropland.No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.36. 36.What is the real cause of the potential water crisis?A. Only half of the world's water can be used.B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.C. Half of the world's water resources have been seriously polluted.D. Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.37. 37.As indicated in the passage, the water problem______.A. is already serious in certain parts of the worldB. has been exaggerated by some experts in the fieldC. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirsD. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels38. 38.According to the author, the water price should______.A. be reduced to the minimumB. stimulate domestic demandC. correspond to its real valueD. take into account the occurrences of droughts39. 39.The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to______.A. build big lakes to store waterB. construct big pumping stationsC. build small and cheap irrigation systemsD. channel water from nearby rivers to cropland40. 40.In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to______.A. guarantee full protection of the environmentB. centralize the management of water resourcesC. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levelsD. encourage local and regional protection of water resourcesEvery night she listened to her father going around the house, locking the doors and windows. She listened; the back door closed; she could hear the fastener of the kitchen window's click, and the restless pad of his feet going back to try the front door. It wasn't only the outside doors he locked; he locked the empty kitchen too. He was looking something out, but obviously it was something capable of entering into his first defenses. He raised his second line all the way up to bed.In fourteen years, she thought unhappily, the house will be his; he had paid twenty-five pounds down and the rest he was paying month by month as rent. "Of course," he was in the habit of saying, "I've improved the property. " "Yes," he repeated, "I've improved the property," looking around for a nail to drive in, a weed to uproot. It was more than a sense of property; it was a sense of honesty. Some people who bought their homes through the society let them go to rack and ruin and then cleared out.She stood with her ear against the wall, a small, dark, angry, immature figure. There was no more to be heard from the other room; but in her inner ear she still heard the footsteps of aproperty owner, the tap-tap of a hammer, the scrape of a spade, the whistle of radiator steam, a key turning, a bolt pushed home, the little busy sounds of men building barriers. She stood planning.41. 41.Which of the following is TRUE of the father in the passage?A. He thought a lot about his daughter's future.B. He saved a lot of money for his daughter.C. He thought that he was secure.D. He avoided his neighbors on purpose.42. 42.From the passage we can see that the father is______.A. kind to his daughter and neighborsB. cruel to his daughter and neighborsC. systematical in his actionsD. careful about his appearance43. 43.According to the passage, the daughter's attitude toward her father is of______.A. slight dislikeB. great disapprovalC. strong loveD. grateful acceptance44. 44.Which of the following feelings is conveyed in the passage?A. Tenseness.B. Peace.C. Nervousness.D. Happiness.45. 45.All of the following are true EXCEPT that______.A. the father built his defenses carefullyB. some property owners let their homes go worseC. the daughter was thin and very youngD. the father punished the girl when she was youngThe Internet is a global network that connects **puter networks, together with software and protocols for controlling the movement of data. The Internet, often referred to as "the Net", was initiated in 1969 by a group of universities and private research groups funded by the US Department of Defense. It now covers almost every country in the world. Its organization is informal and deliberately nonpolitical; its controllers tend to concentrate on technical aspects rather than on administrative control.The Internet offers users a number of basic services including data transfer, electronic mail, and the ability to access information in remote databases. A notable feature is the existence of user groups, which allow people to exchange information and debate specific subjects of interest. In addition, there are a number of high-level services. For example, MBONE allows the transmission of messages to more than one destination. It is used in videoconferencing. The World Wide Web, known as "the Web", is another high level Internet service, developed in the 1990s in Geneva. It is a service for distributing multimedia information, including graphics, pictures, sounds, and video as well as text. A feature of the World Wide Web is that it allows links to other related documents elsewhere on the Internet. Documents for publication on the Web are presented in a form known as HTML(hypertext mark up language). This allows a specification of the page layout and typography as it will appear on the screen. It also allows the inclusion of active links to otherdocuments. Generally, these appear on the screen display as highlighted text or as additional icons. Typically, the user can use a mouse to "click" on one of these points to load and view a related document. **mercial and public organizations now have their own Web site(specified by an address code)and publish a "home page", giving information about the organization.Up to the mid-1990s, the major users of the Internet were academic and research organizations. This has begun to change rapidly with individual home users linking in **mercial access providers and with a growing interest by companies in using the Internet for publicity, sales, and as a medium for electronic publishing. At the same time, there are problems with the flow of information across national borders, bringing in debates about copyright protection, data protection, the publication of pornography, and ultimately political control and censorship.46. 46.From the first paragraph, we learn that the Internet______.A. was initiated by the US Department of Defense in 1969B. was only able to **puters into networks at its beginningC. has not any kind of organization behind it at allD. works independently of any governmental control47. 47.Access to remote information______.A. is a high level service provided by the InternetB. is the most notable feature with the InternetC. is a basic function performed by the InternetD. can only be achieved by the Internet48. 48.It can be inferred that the development of HTML prepared the way for______.A. even farther information transferB. **mercial promotionsC. academic usesD. distributing multimedia information49. 49.Which of the following is not a problem brought in by the popularization of the Internet?A. Difficulty in inspecting the content of publications.B. Difficulty in protecting copyright across national borders.C. Difficulty in promoting sales of superior products.D. The possibility that potentially harmful content may be published.50. 50.This passage focuses on______.A. the instructions for the Internet usersB. the historical development of the InternetC. the kinds of data transferred through the InternetD. the problems brought about by the InternetPublication of this survey had originally been intended to coincide with the annual meetings of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, scheduled for September 29th—30th in Washington, D. C. Those meetings, and the big anti-globalization protests that had been planned to accompany them, were among the least significant casualties of the terrorist atrocities of September 11th.You might have thought that the anti-capitalist protesters, after contemplating those horrors and their aftermath, would be regretting more than just the loss of a venue for their marches. Many are, no doubt. But judging by the response of some of their leaders and many of the activists(if Internet chat rooms are any guide), grief is not always the prevailing mood. Some anti-globalistshave found a kind of consolation even a cause of satisfaction, in these terrible events—that of having been as they see it, proved right.To its fiercest critics, globalization, the march of international capitalism, is a force for oppression, exploitation and injustice. The rage that drove the terrorists to commit their obscene crime was in part, it is argued, a response to that. At the very least, it is suggested, terrorism thrives on poverty and international capitalism, the protesters say, thrives on poverty too.These may be extreme positions, but the minority that holds them is not tiny, by any means. Far more important, the anti-globalists have lately drawn tacit support if nothing else, reluctance to condemn—from a broad range of public opinion. As a result, they have been, and are likely to remain, politically influential. At a time such as this, sorting through issues of political economy may seem very far removed from what matters. In one sense, it is. But when many in the West are contemplating their future with new foreboding, it is important to understand why the skeptics are wrong; why economic integration is a force for good; and why globalization, far from being the greatest cause of poverty, is its only feasible cure.Undeniably, popular support for that view is lacking. In the developed economies, support for further trade liberalization is uncertain; in some countries, voters are downright hostile to it. Starting a new round of global trade talks this year will be struggle, and seeing it through to a useful conclusion will be. The institutions that in most people's eyes represent the global economy—the IMF, the World Bank and the World Trade Organization are reviled far more widely than they are admired; the best they can expect from opinion at large is grudging acceptance. Governments, meanwhile, are accused of bowing down to business: globalization leaves them no choice. Private capital moves across the planet unchecked. Wherever it goes, it bleeds democracy of content and puts "profits before people".51. 51.In your opinion, what may be the main topic of this passage?A. Anti-capitalist and their supporter.B. The terrorist.C. International capitalism.D. The critics.52. 52.From the passage, you may infer that the survey was planned to be published on September 29th— 30th______.A. to coincide with the annual meetings of the world Bank and the International Monetary FundB. to persuade the anti-capitalist to abandon their opinionC. to show protest to globalizationD. to coincide with the terrorist atrocities of September 11th53. 53.After September 11th, what may NOT be the response of the anti-capitalist protesters?A. Some of them may see the attack as something right.B. Some anti-globalists have found a kind of consolation, even a cause of satisfaction, in these terrible events.C. Grief will be the mood of some of them.D. All the anti-capitalist protesters, after contemplating those horrors and their aftermath, would be regretting more than just the loss of venue for their marches.54. 54.Among the description of the fiercest critics, which one may NOT be right?A. To them, globalization is the only feasible cure of poverty.B. In their opinion, the rage that drove the terrorists to commit their obscene crime was in part aresponse to globalization.C. In their opinion, terrorism thrives on poverty.D. International capitalism thrives on poverty.55. 55.According to the passage, which of the following statements may be incorrect?A. It is no doubt that supports for the view that globalization is the only feasible cure for poverty are lacking.B. In some countries, voters are obviously hostile to globalization.C. It will be difficult to guarantee a useful conclusion of the world trade talk this year.D. Governments are bowing down to business: globalization leaves them no choice.English-Chinese Translation56. 56.In 1959 Jacoues Cousteau sounded the alarm: the Mediterranean was dying. Diving off France's southern coast, Cousteau found a marine desert that a few years earlier had teemed with fish and plants. He blamed poisons from the large urban and **plexes built near the sea. Cousteau crystallized growing public concern over pollution of the world's seas and oceans. By the 1960s oil spills, chemicals and sewage were turning areas of the Baltic into toxic cesspools; heavy metals and DDT had accumulated in fish and shellfish from the Atlantic to the China Sea, causing carnage among birds that ate them and poisoning people.Writing57. 57.Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic given below. Use the proper space on your ANSWER SHEET 2. Topic:There have been instances of students humiliating(侮辱)their teacher at school. What do you think is the cause for such happenings?。