直接引语和间接引语知识点归纳

直接引语和间接引语

引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号““标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的

语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语

除外，其转换后是不定式）。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢

1、人称的转变

1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：

He said，“ I am very sorry. ”------------- >He said that he was very sorry.

2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如：

“You should be more careful next time, ” my father told me. ---------------- >

My father told me that I should be more careful the n ext time.

3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：

She said to her s on, “ ni check your homework toni ght. ” -------- >

She said to her son that she would check his homework that ni ght.

4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：

He asked me, “ Will you go to the stati on with me to meet a frie nd of mi ne this after noon ”---- > He asked me whether I would go to the stati on with him to meet a frie nd of his that after noon.

总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。

2、时态的转换

直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：

“I am very glad to visit your school ” , she sa id. ------------ >

She said she was very glad to visit our school.

Tom said, “ We are liste ning to the pop music. ”-------------- >

Tom said that they were liste ning to the pop music.

Mother asked, “ Have you fini shed your homework before you watch TV ”----------------- >

Mother asked me whether I had fini shed my homework before I watched TV.

He asked the con ductor, “ Where shall I get off to cha nge to a No. 3 bus ”----- >

He asked the con ductor where he would get off to cha nge to a No. 3 bus.

“Why did she refuse to go there ” the teacher asked. --------------- >

The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.

Mother asked me, “ Had you fini shed your homework before you watched TV ”----------------- >

Mother asked me whether I had fini shed my homework before I watched TV.

Tom said, “ We were havi ng a football match this time yesterday. ” ---- >

Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before.

He said，“ I have n't heard from my pare nts these days. ” --- >

He said that he had n't heard from his parents those days.

3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况

1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：

He always says, “ I am tired out. ” -------------- >He always says that he is tired out.

2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：

He will say, “ I ' II try my best to help you. ” 一>He will say that he will try his best to help

me.

3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：

He said, “ I went to college in 1994. ”--- >He told us that he went to college in 1994.

4）当直接引语中有以whe n, while 引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：

He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school. ”---- >

He said that whe n he was a child, he usually played football after school.

5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：

Our teacher said to us, "Light travels faster tha n sound. ”---- >

Our teacher told us that light travels faster tha n sound.

6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：

He said，“ Practice makes perfect. ”-------------- >He said that practice makes perfect.

7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, n eed 时，如：

The doctor said, “ You'd better drink ple nty of water. ” --- >

The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.

He said, “ She must be a teacher. ”--------- > He said that she must be a teacher.

He said, “ She ought to have arrived her office by now. ” --- >

He said that she ought to have arrived her office by the n.

The teacher said, “ You n eed n't hand in your compositi ons today. ”--- >

The teacher said we n eed n' t/did n't n eed to/did n't have to hand in our compositi ons.

She asked, “ Must I take the medici ne ”------------ > She asked if she had to take the medic ine.

〔注〕：此处用had to代替must更好