专业英语翻译1
第二课1）An atom's nucleus can be split apart。
When this is done, a tremendous amount of energy is released。
The energy is both heat and light energy。
Einstein said that a very small amount of matter contains a very large amount of energy。
This energy, when let out slowly, can be harnessed to generate electricity。
When it is let out all at once, it can make a tremendous explosion in an atomic bomb. 原子核能够分裂。
当原子核分裂完，将会释放巨大的能量。
这些能量既有热能也有光能。
爱因斯坦说过一个很小的物质也包含了很大的能量。
当这些能量被缓慢的释放时，可以用来发电。
当这些能量被迅速的释放时，那么能产生原子弹中的巨大的爆炸。
2）A nuclear power plant (As shown in Fig.3.6 ) uses uranium as a "fuel。
" Uranium is an element that is dug out of the ground many places around the world.。
It is processed into tiny pellets that are loaded into very long rods that are put into the power plant's reactor.核电站使用铀作燃料。
铀是一种在世界各地的许多地方都能挖出的一种元素。
它被加工成装载在很长棒中的小环然后在投放在核电站的反应堆中。
3）The word fission means to split apart.。
Inside the reactor of an atomic power plant, uranium atoms are split apart in a controlled chain reaction.这个单词裂变意思就是分裂。
在原子核电站反应堆中，铀原子在控制链反应中分裂。
4）In a chain reaction, particles released by the splitting of the atom go off and strike other uranium atoms splitting those。
Those particles given off split still other atoms in a chain reaction, in nuclear power plants, control rods are used to keep the splitting regulated so it doesn't go too fast.在链式反应中，铀原子爆裂释放出来的粒子离开铀原子并且撞击其他铀原子分裂成粒子。
在链式反应中这些被释放的粒子继续爆裂其他的原子在核电站中，为了控制链式反应的速度过快经常用控制杆来保持爆裂规律。
第三课1）Some of the energy we can use is called renewable energy。
Renewable energy sources include solar energy, which comes from the sun and can be turned into electricity and heat。
Wind, geothermal energy from inside the earth, biomass from plants, and hydropower and ocean energy from water are also renewable energy sources.。
These types of energy are constantly being renewed or restored.我们使用的一些能源叫做可再生能源。
可再生能源的来源包括来自于太阳并且能够转换成电能和热能的的太阳能。
风能，来自地球内部的地热能植物的生物能，来自于水的水电能和海洋能都是可再生能源。
这些类型的能源能够不断的更新和恢复。
2）For example, solar thermal energy involving the collection of solar rays through collectors (often times huge mirrors) need large tracts of land as a collection site。
This impacts the natural habitat, meaning the plants and animals that live there。
The environment is also impacted when the buildings, roads, transmission lines and transformers are built。
The fluid most often used with solar thermal electric generation is very toxic and spills can happen. 例如利用收集器来收集太阳能射线产生的太阳热能时需要大片的土地作为收集场地。
之这就影响了动植物生存的自然栖息地。
当修建建筑物、传输线、公路、变压器时环境也将受到破坏。
大多数使用在生产太阳能电力的流体是有剧毒的并且经常泄露。
3）Producing geothermal electricity from the earth's crust tends to be localized.。
That means facilities have to be built where geothermal energy is abundant。
In the course of geothermal production, steam coming from the ground becomes very caustic at times, causing pipes to corrode and fall apart。
Geothermal power plants sometimes cost a little bit more than a gas-fired power plant because they have to include the costto drill. 从地壳成产地热能发电已经趋向于局部化。
就意味着设备必须建立在地热能充足的地方。
再生产地热的反应过程中来自于地表的热能有时具有腐蚀性，可以引起管路的腐蚀或破碎。
地热电站的费用通常比燃气电站的费用高，因为其中包含钻井的费用。
第五课1)Walking-beam reheating furnace is an important device with lots of energy consumption in steel plants。
It is important to improve the heating quality of slab and reduce the energy consumption as much as possible.。
In current system, the emphasis is often put on the heating quality while the energy saving is seldom taken into account.。
Because of high nonlinearity large time delay large time-constant and various uncertain factors, the modeling and reliable control of a reheating furnace are always challenging problems。
During the past decade，the challenge has attracted considerable attention and a significant progress has been made in the furnace control。
To obtain the requirement of temperature tracing accuracy and develop energy saving technique in the reheating furnace system, advanced control strategies are needed。
In this paper, a model-based predictive control method, multivariable constrained control (MCC), was used。
It treated the furnace as a multi-input-multi-output system and used the predefined temperature trajectories as a priori。
The simulation results show that the strategy is very satisfactory. 在钢厂中步进式加热炉是能量消耗的最主要的设备。
改变板层的加热质量和尽可能的减少能量消耗是重要的。
在现今的系统中，通常把加热质量放在最主要的位置而忽略了能量消耗。
由于高度非线性的大的迟滞和大的时间常数和许多不确定的因素，建模和可控制的加热炉经常要挑战许多问题。
在过去的十年间，这些挑战得到了巨大的关注并且在加热炉中取得了巨大的进步。
在再热炉系统中为了获得所需求的温度跟踪精度和发展节能技术，应该使用高级的约束控制。
在本文中基于模型预测控制方法，多变量约束控制被使用。
专业英语翻译
Table 3-1 Recommended Responsibility for Shop Drawings Task Responsible Party Design Professio nal Constr uction Contr actor
Owner
Provide adequate time and funding for shop drawing preparation and review Arrange for structural design Provide structural design Establish overall responsibility for connection design Accomplish connection design (by design professional) Alternatively, provide loading requirement and other information necessary for shop drawing preparation Alternatively, accomplish some or all of connection design (by constuctor with a licensed P.E.) Specify shop drawing requirements and procedures Approve proper scheduling Provide shop drawing and submit the drawing on schedule
Prime
Prime
表3 - 1合理的施工图责任分配
工作
负责人
建筑 承包 商
业主
电气工程及其自动化专业英语第一章课文翻译
第一章第一篇sectiongTwo variables u(t) and i(t) are the most basic concepts in an electric circuit, they characterize the various relationships in an electric circuitu(t)和i(t)这两个变量是电路中最基本的两个变量，它们刻划了电路的各种关系。
the charge e on an electron is negative and equal in magnitude to 1.60210×10 19C, while a proton carries a positive charge of the same magnitude as the electron. The presence of equal numbers of protons and electrons leaves an atom neutrally charged. 我们从基础物理得知一切物质是由被称为原子的基本构造部分组成的，并且每个原子是由电子，质子和中子组成的。
我们还知道电子的电量是负的并且在数值上等于 1.602100×10-12C，而质子所带的正电量在数值上与电子相等。
质子和电子数量相同使得原子呈现电中性。
We consider the flow of electric charges. A unique feature offlow of negative charges, as Fig.l-1 illustrates. This convention was introduced by Benjamin Franklin (l706～l790), the American scientist and inventor. Although we now know that current in metallic conductors is due to negatively charged electrons, we will follow the universally accepted conventionthat current is the net flow of positive charges. Thus, Electriccurrent is the time rate of charge, measured in amperes (A).Mathematically, the relationship among current i , charge q , andtime t is 当我们把一根导线连接到某一电池上时(一种电动势源)，电荷被外力驱使移动；正电荷朝一个方向移动而负电荷朝相反的方向time in several ways that may be represented by different kindsof mathematical functions 我们通过方程（1－1）定义电流的方式表明电流不必是一个恒值函数，电荷可以不同的方式随时间而变化，这些不同的方式可用各种数学函数表达出来。
机械设计专业术语的英语翻译1
机械设计专业术语的英语翻译1机械设计专业术语的英语翻译1 柔性自动化flexibleautomation 润滑油膜lubricantfilm润滑装置lubricationdevice润滑lubrication润滑剂lubricant三角形花键serrationspline三角形螺纹vthreadscrew三维凸轮three - dimensionalcamto stheorem 三心定理kennedy砂轮越程槽grindingwheelgroove砂漏hour glass少齿差行星传动planetarydrivewithsmallteethdifference设计方法学designmethodology设计变量designvariable设计约束designconstraints深沟球轴承deepgrooveballbearing生产阻力productiveresistance升程rise升距lift实际廓线camprofile十字滑块联轴器doubleslidercoupling oldham'scoupling矢量vector输出功outputwork输出构件outputlink输出机构outputmechanism输出力矩outputtorque输出轴outputshaft输入构件inputlink数学模型mathematicmodel实际啮合线actuallineofaction双滑块机构double - slidermechanism, ellipsograph双曲柄机构doublecrankmechanism双曲面齿轮hyperboloidgear双头螺柱studs双万向联轴节constant - velocityordoubleuniversaljoint 双摇杆机构doublerockermechanism双转块机构oldhamcoupling双列轴承doublerowbearing双向推力轴承double - directionthrustbearing松边slack side顺时针clockwise瞬心instantaneouscenter死点deadpoint四杆机构four - barlinkage速度velocity速度不均匀波动系数coefficientofspeedfluctuation速度波动speedfluctuation速度曲线velocitydiagram速度瞬心instantaneouscenterofvelocity塔轮steppulley踏板pedal台钳、虎钳vice太阳轮sungear弹性滑动elasticityslidingmotion弹性联轴器elasticcoupling flexiblecoupling弹性套柱销联轴器rubber - cushionedsleevebearingcoupling 套筒sleeve梯形螺纹acmethreadform特殊运动链specialkinematicchain特性characteristics替代机构equivalentmechanism调节modulation, regulation调心滚子轴承self - aligningrollerbearing调心球轴承self - aligningballbearing调心轴承self - aligningbearing调速speedgoverning调速电动机adjustablespeedmotors调速系统speedcontrolsystem调压调速variablevoltagecontrolGovernor regulator, governorFerromagnetic fluid seals ferrofluidseal Parking phase, stoppingphaseStopping dwellSynchronous belt Synchronousbelt Synchronous belt drive synchronousbeltdrive Convex body convexCam camCam reverse mechanism inversecammechanism Cam mechanism cam, CamMechanismCam profile camprofileCam profile drawing layoutofcamprofile Theoretical profile of cam pitchcurve Flange coupling flangecouplingAtlas and Atlas AtlasGraphical method graphicalmethodPushing distance riseThrust ball bearing thrustballbearing Thrust bearing thrustbearingCutter toolwithdrawalgrooveAnnealed annealGyroscope gyroscopeV band VbeltExternal force externalforceOuter ring outerringOutline size boundarydimensionUniversal coupling Hookscoupling universalcoupling External gear externalgearBending stress beadingstressBending moment bendingmomentWrist wristReciprocating reciprocatingmotionReciprocating seal reciprocatingsealDesign on-netdesign online, ONDInching screw mechanism differentialscrewmechanism Displacement displacementDisplacement curve displacementdiagramPose pose, positionandorientationStable operation stage, steadymotionperiodRobust design robustdesignWorm wormWorm drive mechanism WormgearingNumber of worm heads numberofthreadsDiameter coefficient of worm diametralquotient Worm and worm gear wormandwormgearWorm cam stepping mechanism wormcamintervalmechanism Worm rotation handsofwormWorm gear wormgearPower spring powerspringStepless speed change device steplessspeedchangesdevices Infinity infiniteTie crankarm, planetcarrierField balancing fieldbalancingRadial bearing radialbearingCentripetal force centrifugalforceRelative velocity relativevelocityRelative motion relativemotionRelative clearance relativegapQuadrant quadrantClay plasticineFine tooth thread finethreadsPin pinConsuming consumptionPinion pinionPath minordiameterRubber spring balataspringModified trapezoidal acceleration motion law modifiedtrapezoidalaccelerationmotionCorrection of motion law of sinusoidal accelerationmodifiedsineaccelerationmotionHelical gear HelicalGearCross key, hook head wedge key taperkeyLeakage leakageHarmonic gear harmonicgearHarmonic drive harmonicdrivingHarmonic generator harmonicgeneratorEquivalent spur gear of helical gear equivalentspurgearofthehelicalgearMandrel spindleTravel speed variation factorcoefficientoftravelspeedvariationTravel speed ratio coefficient advance-toreturn-timeratio Planetary gear unit planetarytransmissionPlanet gear planetgearPlanetary gear change gear planetaryspeedchangingdevices Planetary gear train planetarygeartrainForm closed cam mechanismpositive-driveorform-closedcammechanismVirtual reality virtualrealityVirtual reality technology virtualrealitytechnology, VRT Virtual reality design, virtualrealitydesign, VRDVirtual constraint redundantorpassiveconstraintAllowable imbalance quantity allowableamountofunbalance Allowable pressure angle allowablepressureangleAllowable stress allowablestress, permissiblestressCantilever structure cantileverstructureCantilever beam cantileverbeamCyclic power flow circulatingpowerloadRotational torque runningtorqueRotary seal rotatingsealRotational motion rotarymotionType selection typeselectionPressure pressurePressure center centerofpressureCompressor compressorCompressive stress compressivestressPressure angle pressureangleInlay couplings jawteethpositive-contactcouplingJacobi matrix JacobimatrixRocker rockerHydraulic transmission hydrodynamicdriveHydraulic coupler hydrauliccouplersLiquid spring liquidspringHydraulic stepless speed change hydraulicsteplessspeedchanges Hydraulic mechanism hydraulicmechanismGeneralized kinematic chain generalizedkinematicchainMoving follower reciprocatingfollowerMobile sub prismaticpair, slidingpairMobile joints prismaticjointMoving cam wedgecamProfit and loss work incrementordecrementworkStress amplitude stressamplitudeStress concentration stressconcentrationStress concentration factor factorofstressconcentration Stress diagram stressdiagramStress strain diagram stress-straindiagramOptimum design optimaldesignOilbottle cupI oilcanOil groove seal oilyditchsealHarmful resistance uselessresistanceBeneficial resistance usefulresistanceEffective pull effectivetensionEffective circumferential force effectivecircleforce Harmful resistance detrimentalresistanceCosine acceleration motion cosineaccelerationorsimpleharmonicmotionPreload preloadPrime mover primermoverRound belt roundbeltBelt drive roundbeltdriveArc tooth thickness circularthicknessCircular cylindrical worm hollowflankwormRounded radius filletradiusDisc friction clutch discfrictionclutchDisc brake discbrakePrime mover primemoverOriginal mechanism originalmechanismCircular gear circulargearCylindrical roller cylindricalrollerCylindrical roller bearings cylindricalrollerbearingCylindrical pair cylindricpairCylindrical cam stepping motion mechanism barrelcylindriccamCylindrical helical tension spring cylindroidhelical-coilextensionspringCylindrical helical torsion spring cylindroidhelical-coiltorsionspringCylindrical helical compression spring cylindroidhelical-coilcompressionspringCylindrical cam cylindricalcamCylindrical worm cylindricalwormCylindrical coordinate manipulator cylindricalcoordinatemanipulator Conical spiral torsion springconoidhelical-coilcompressionspringTapered roller taperedrollerTapered roller bearing taperedrollerbearingBevel gear mechanism bevelgearsTaper angle coneangleThe original drivinglinkBound constraintConstraint constraintconditionConstraint reaction force constrainingforceJump jerkJump curve jerkdiagramInversion of motion, kinematicinversionMotion scheme design kinematicpreceptdesign Kinematic analysis kinematicanalysisKinematic pair kinematicpairMoving component movinglinkKinematic diagram kinematicsketchKinematic chain kinematicchainMotion distortion undercuttingKinematic design kinematicdesignMotion cycle cycleofmotionKinematic synthesis kinematicsynthesisUneven coefficient of operation coefficientofvelocityfluctuationKinematic viscosity kenematicviscosityLoad loadLoad deformation curve load - DEFORMATIONCURVE Load deformation diagram load - deformationdiagram Narrow V band narrowVbeltFelt ring seal feltringsealThe generating method of generatingTensioning force tensionTensioner tensionpulleyVibration vibrationVibration torque shakingcoupleVibration frequency frequencyofvibration Amplitude amplitudeofvibrationTangent mechanism tangentmechanismForward kinematics directforwardkinematics Sinusoidal mechanism sinegenerator, scotchyoke Loom loomNormal stress and normal stress normalstress Brake brakeSpur gear SpurGearStraight bevel gear straightbevelgearRight triangle righttriangleCartesian coordinate manipulator CartesiancoordinatemanipulatorCoefficient of diameter diametralquotient Diameter series diameterseriesStraight profile hourglass worm gear hindleyworm Linear motion linearmotionStraight axis straightshaftMass massCentroid centerofmassExecution component executivelink workinglinkProduct of mass and diameter mass-radiusproduct Intelligent design, intelligentdesign, IDIntermediate plane mid-planeCenter distance centerdistanceVariation of center distance centerdistancechange Center wheel centralgearMedium diameter meandiameterTerminate the meshing point finalcontact, endofcontact Week Festival pitchPeriodic velocity fluctuation periodicspeedfluctuation Epicyclic gear train epicyclicgeartrainElbow mechanism togglemechanismAxis shaftBearing cap bearingcupBearing alloy bearingalloyBearing block bearingblockBearing height bearingheightBearing width bearingwidthBearing bore bearingborediameterBearing life bearinglifeBearing ring bearingringBearing outer diameter bearingoutsidediameterJournal JournalBush and bearing lining bearingbushShaft end retaining ring shaftendringCollar shaftcollarShoulder ShaftShoulderAxial angle shaftangleAxial axialdirectionAxial profile axialtoothprofileAxial equivalent dynamic load dynamicequivalentaxialload Axial equivalent static load staticequivalentaxialload Axial basic rated dynamic load basicdynamicaxialloadrating Axial basic rated static load basicstaticaxialloadrating Axial contact bearing axialcontactbearingAxial plane axialplaneAxial clearance axialinternalclearanceAxial load AxialLoadAxial load factor axialloadfactorAxial component axialthrustloadActive component, drivinglinkDriving gear drivinggearDriving pulley drivingpulleyRotating guide rod mechanism whitworthmechanismRevolute pair revoluteturningpairThe speed is swivelingspeed rotatingspeedRotating joint revolutejoint Rotating shaft revolvingshaftRotor rotorRotor balance balanceofrotor Assembly condition assemblycondition Bevel gear bevelgearCone top commonapexofconeCone distance conedistanceCone wheel bevelpulley bevelwheel。
专业英语翻译基础知识
专业英语翻译基础知识专业英语翻译是一门需要掌握一定基础知识的技能。
在进行专业英语翻译工作之前，掌握以下几个方面的知识能够帮助翻译者更好地完成任务。
一、语言基础知识1. 词汇：掌握丰富的词汇量，包括专业领域的术语。
翻译时需注意词汇的准确用法和语义的表达。
2. 语法：熟悉英语的基本语法规则和句型结构，以确保译文的语法正确性。
3. 语用学：了解语言在不同语境中的使用方式，如文化差异和语气表达等因素对翻译的影响。
二、领域知识1. 专业词汇：对于特定领域的专业词汇需要有充分的了解，包括科技、法律、医学、商务等领域的术语。
通过学习和积累，确保准确翻译相关的专业术语。
2. 背景知识：对于所翻译内容的行业或领域，了解相关的背景知识和专业常识，以便更好地理解并准确传达原文的含义。
三、翻译技巧1. 翻译思维：培养灵活的思维方式，在翻译过程中进行准确的语言转换，将原文的意思完整传达出来。
2. 模糊表达处理：若原文中存在模糊表达或歧义，翻译时需要合理处理，通过上下文推断或咨询领域专家等方式准确解读。
3. 文体转换：不同类型的文本需要采用不同的翻译风格，如科技报告使用正式、专业的语言，而广告宣传语则需要更生动、富有创意。
四、工具运用1. 电子词典和翻译软件：利用专业的电子词典和翻译软件，能够提供准确的词义解释和翻译结果，提高翻译效率和准确性。
2. 双语资料收集：积累相关领域的双语资料，通过查阅、对比并学习翻译范例，提升自己的翻译水平。
总之，专业英语翻译需要具备扎实的语言基础知识、相关领域的专业知识和翻译技巧，同时善于运用翻译工具，并不断进行学习和积累，提高翻译水平。
只有全面掌握这些基础知识，才能够胜任专业英语翻译工作。
生物专业英语翻译+蒋悟生+第2版(1)
Lesson One（4学时）Inside the Living Cell: Structure andFunction of Internal Cell Parts1.Cytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile Factory细胞质：动力工厂Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning.生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。
细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。
细胞器悬浮在其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。
细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。
2．The Nucleus: Information Central（细胞核：信息中心）The eukaryotic cell nucleus is the largest organelle and houses the genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes. (In prokaryotes the hereditary material is found in the nucleoid.) The nucleus also contains one or two organelles-the nucleoli-that play a role in cell division. A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm. Small molecules can pass through the nuclear envelope, but larger molecules such as mRNA and ribosomes must enter and exit via the pores.真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核对染色体组有保护作用（原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中）。
新能源专业英语基础课文翻译
新能源专业英语基础课文翻译新能源专业英语新能源专业英语新能源专业英语新能源专业英语１。
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水泵ｗaterpｕmping５．风光互补windandｐhoｔｏvoltａiｃｈybrｉdpowｅr６.混合动力装置hｙbriｄｐoｗeｒｓｙstｅm7．电网utｉlｉｔｙｇrｉd8。
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浓缩铀enｒｉcheduraniｕｍ4.低温冷却水subcooledwaｔｅr５。
千瓦kiｌｏwaｔｔ6.沸水反应堆boiliｎgwaterreａcｔor7。
商用发电站ｃomme ｒciaｌpowerplant8.快速中子反应堆ａｆastｎeｕtrｏnreactoｒUｎit５１．生物质biomａｓs2.植物vegetation3．肥料manｕｒe4.残留物rｅｓiｄue5．光合作用pｈotosyntｈesis6．碳水化合物caｒbohｙｄrａte7.化石燃料ｆossiｌfuelｓ8.固定碳carｂｏnfiｘeｄUｎｉt6１.万有引力gｒavｉtａtionalpｕlｌ２。
专业英语翻译
1大多数的机加工主要是由五中基本的机床来完成Most of the mechanical operations are performed by five basic machine tools.2车床一般被成为整个机床加工设备家庭成员中之父。
The lathe is commonly called the father of the entire machine tool family.3.磨削加工是利用研磨颗粒来切学金属，磨削加工可分为精磨和非精磨。
Grinding makes use of abrasive particles to do the cutting.grinding may be classified as precisiom and nonprecision.ling can produce flat or angled surfaces,grooves,slots,gear teeth,and other profiles,depending on the shape of cutters being used.磨削可根据所用的铣刀形状分别加工平面，槽口，缝，轮齿及其他型面。
3.Nonprecision grinding involves the removal of metal where is not important.粗磨是指切除精度不高的工件多余的金属。
1A spherical mechanism is one in which each link has some point which remains stationary as the linkage moves and in which the stationary points of all links lie at a common location .在平面机构中，当连杆机构运动时，每一连杆都有某个保持静止的点，而且所有连杆的静止点都在同一位置上。
化工专业英语第一片翻译
Elements and Compounds元素与化合物Elements are pure substances that can not be decomposed(分解) into simpler substances by ordinary chemical changes. At present there are 109 known elements. Some common elements that are familiar to you are carbon, oxygen, aluminum, iron, copper, nitrogen, and gold. The elements are the building blocks of matter just as the numerals 0 through 9 are the building blocks for numbers. To the best of1 our knowledge, the elements that have been found on the earth also comprise(包含) the entire universe.元素是单纯的物质，不能通过一般的化学变化分解成为更简单的物质。
目前已知有109个元素。
一些你熟悉的常见元素是碳、氧、铝、铁、氮和金。
元素是组成物质的基本单元，就象0到9的数字是组成数的基本单元一样。
就我们所知，已经在地球上发现的元素也是组成整个宇宙的元素。
About 85% of (85 percent of) the elements can be found in nature , usually combined with other elements in minerals and vegetable matter or in substances like water and carbon dioxide. Copper, silver, gold, and about 20 other elements can be found in highly pure forms. Sixteen elements are not found in nature; theyhave been produced in generally small amounts in nuclear explosions (爆炸)and nuclear research. They are man-made elements.大约有85%的元素可以在大自然的矿物或者植物中，以及如水和二氧化碳这样的物质中找到，通常与别的元素结合。
信息科学与电子工程专业英语课程翻译1
Unit 1 电子学：模拟和数字Unit 1-1第一部分：理想运算放大器和实际限制为了讨论运算放大器的理想参数，我们必须首先定义一些指标项，然后对这些指标项讲述我们所认为的理想值。
第一眼看运算放大器的性能指标表，感觉好像列出了大量的数值，有些是陌生的单位，有些是相关的，经常使那些对运放不熟悉的人感到迷惑。
对于这种情况我们的方法是花上必要的时间有系统的按照列出的次序阅读并理解每一个定义。
如果没有对每一项性能指标有一个真正的评价，设计人员必将失败。
目标是能够依据公布的数据设计电路，并确认构建的样机将具有预计的功能。
对于线性电路而言，它们与现在的复杂逻辑电路结构相比看起来较为简单，（因而在设计中）太容易忽视具体的性能参数了，而这些参数可极大地削弱预期性能。
现在让我们来看一个简单但很引人注意的例子。
考虑对于一个在50kHz频率上电压增益为10的放大器驱动10kΩ负载时的要求。
选择一个普通的带有内部频率补偿的低价运放，它在闭环增益为10时具有所要求的带宽，并且看起来满足了价格要求。
器件连接后，发现有正确地增益。
但是它只能产生几伏的电压变化范围，然而数据却清楚地显示输出应该能驱动达到电源电压范围以内2到3伏。
设计人员忽视了最大输出电压变化范围是受频率严格限制的，而且最大低频输出变化范围大约在10 kHz受到限制。
当然，事实上这个信息也在数据表上，但是它的实用性并没有受到重视。
这种问题经常发生在那些缺乏经验的设计人员身上。
所以这个例子的寓意十分明显：在开始设计之前总要花上必要的时间来描写全部的工作要求。
关注性能指标的详情总是有益的。
建议下面列出的具体的性能指标应该考虑：1. 在温度，时间和供给电压下的闭环增益的精确性和稳定性2. 电源要求，电源和负载阻抗，功率消耗3. 输入误差电压和偏置电流，输入输出电阻，随着时间和温度的漂移4. 频率响应，相位偏移，输出变化范围，瞬态响应，电压转换速率，频率稳定性，电容性负载驱动，过载恢复5. 线性，失真和噪声6. 输入，输出或电源保护要求，输入电压范围，共模抑制7. 外部补偿调整要求不是所有的指标项都是有关的，但要记住最初就考虑它们会更好，而不要被迫返工。
计算机专业英语-1-8英语翻译
Chapter 11.multi-core processor(多核处理器)------It is a single computing component with two or more independent actual processing units called “cores”, which are the units that read and execute program instructions.它是集成了两个或两个以上称为“核”的处理单元的计算部件，具有读取和执行程序指令的单元。
2.graphics processing unit(GPU)(图形处理单元)------A graphics processing unit, also occasionally called visual processing unit(VPU),is a specialized processor. It is designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display.它是一个图形处理单元，有时也被称为视觉处理单元VPU，一个专门的处理器。
它的设计目的是快速地操作和改变内存，以加速在帧缓冲区中创建图像，以便显示输出。
3.Wearable computer(可穿戴电脑)------A wearable computer, also known as a body-borne computer or wearable ,is a miniature electronic device that is worn by the bearer under, with or on top of clothing.穿戴式电脑，也被称为人体电脑或穿戴电脑，是一种微型电子设备，由持有者佩戴在身上或者衣服上。