高一英语必修一定语从句总结

定语从句

一、三个概念

1.定语从句：用来修饰某个名词、代词或整个句子的从句就叫做定语从句。

2.先行词：定语从句所修饰的词就叫做先行词，它一般是由名词、代词或句子充当。

3.关系词：引导定语从句的词就叫做关系词。关系词用以连接先行词与定语从句，关系词既有替代先行词的作用，又在从句中充当着一个成分。

例：The boy

先行词关系词定语从句

定语从句

关系词

二、要点

1.先行词与定语从句之间要有关系词（有时可省略）

2.关系代词应紧跟在先行词之后

3.关系词在定语从句中充当某一成分

三、关系词的用法

关系代词: who/whom/that/which/whose

1.先行词是人时，关系代词用who/whom/that.

(1) who/that表主格:

The girl who /that is drawing is Jim’s sister.

The man who/that lives next door is friendly.

(2) whom/that表宾格(who可用于口语中)可省略:

The boy (whom/that) we talked about will come.

He is the man (whom/that) we saw yesterday.

2.先行词为物时，关系代词用which/that.

(1) which/that表主格:

A plane is a machine which / that can fly.

Mary likes music which/that is quiet and gentle.

(2) which/that表宾格,可省略:

The car (which /that) he bought was a second-hand one.

The film (which/that) we saw last night was wonderful.

3.whose：表所有格，先行词既可以是人，也可以是物

The worker whose arm was broken was sent to hospital.

The river whose banks are covered with trees is very long.

关系副词：when/where/why

关系副词可替代的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语

关系副词=介词+关系代词

why=for which

where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)

when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)

1. when: 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例：This was the time when he arrived.

I will never forget the day when I met my favorite star.

2. where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。

例：This is the factory where he works.

Nanjing is the place where I was born.

3. why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。

例：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.

Is this the reason why he refused our offer?

注意：关系副词when, where, why, 的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which“结构交替使用。

例：I will never forget the day on which I met my favorite star.【when】

Nanjing is the place in which I was born.【where】

Is this the reason for whic h he refused our offer?【why】

四、关系代词that的特殊用法

只用that 的情况

1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基

数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.

例如：He was the first person that passed the exam.

2.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.

例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？

3.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.

例如：This is the same bike that I lost.

4.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.

例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

5..以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that. 例如：Who is the girl that is crying？

6.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.

7.先行词在主句和从句中都作表语时，只能用that.

例如：He is not the man that he once was.

8.先行词是the way时，只用that

不用that 的情况