2019年考研英语二真题
2019考研英语二阅读真题答案及解析(text1)
2019考研英语二阅读真题答案及解析(text1)来源：文都教育2019考研英语(二)阅读真题Text1是关于内疚的好处的文章，第一篇文章总体不难，文都教育的英语老师就第一篇阅读答案给大家做了解析，为了方便核对，我们将选项也对应给出。
阅读理解Text1 答案21.[C] foster a child’s moral development22.[B] burdensome23.[D] an emotion can play opposing roles24.[B] can result from either sympahty or guilt25.[D] wrongdoings解析：21.根据题干Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.内容定位到第一段最后一句This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing. 由最后一句的this指代词，可知原因在第一段的前几句，根据第一句Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. 和第二句Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. 可知内疚不是天生的，而是和一个孩子的道德规范有关，是通过后天学习获得的。
2019考研英语(二)真题完整版
2019考研英语（二）真题完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was had to my overall fitness goats.I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1.[A]Besides [B]Therefore [C]Otherwise [D]However2.[A]helps [B]cares [C]warns [D]reduces3.[A]initially [B]solely [C]occasionally [D]formally4.[A]recording [B] lowering [C]explaining [D]accepting5.[A]modify [B]set [C]review [D]reach6.[A]definition [B]depiction [C]distribution[D]prediction7.[A]due to [B]regardless of [C]aside from [D]along with8.[A]orderly [B]rigid [C]precise [D]immediate9.[A]claims [B]judgments [C]reasons [D]methods10.[A]instead [B]though [C]again [D]indeed11.[A]track [B]overlook [C] conceal [D]report12.[A]depend on [B]approve of [C]hold onto [D]account for13.[A]share [B]adjust [C]confirm [D] prepare14.[A]results [B]features [C]rules [D]tests15.[A]bored [B]anxious [C]hungry [D]sick16.[A]principle [B]secret [C]belief [D]sign17.[A]request [B]necessity [C]decision [D]wish18.[A]disappointing [B]surprising [C]restricting[D]consuming19.[A]if because [B]unless [C]until [D]consuming20.[A]obsessing [B]dominating [C]puzzling [D]triumphing Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regardso-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert usto important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’sself-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turnon how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.A)regulate a child's basic emotionsB)improve a child's intellectual abilityC)foster a child’s moral developmentD)intensity a child's positive feelings22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be______.A)deceptiveB)burdensomeC)addictiveD) deception23. Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that______.A)emotions are context-independentB)emotions are socially constructiveC)emotional stability can benefit healthD)an emotion can play opposing roles24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can result from either sympathy or guiltC. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to _______.A. teachingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. wrongdoingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the larder callenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap-but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable“carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fine, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030- financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions- permit auctions. That’s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a millionacres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.26. By saying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that _______.A. global climate change may get out of controlB. people may misunderstand global warmingC. extreme weather conditions may ariseD. forests may become a potential threat27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to _______.A. preserve the diversity of species in themB. accelerate the growth of young treesC. strike a balance among different plantsD. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28. California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to _______.A. cultivate more drought-resistant treesB. reduce the density of some of its forestsC. find more effective ways to kill insectsD. restore its forests quickly after wildfires29. What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 5?A.To handle the areas in serious danger first.B.To carry it out before the year of 2020.C.To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D.To obtain enough financial support.30. The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as _______.A. ambiguousB. tolerantC. supportiveD. cautiousText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. They’re also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it’s been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.Mechanization isn’t the answer, either—not yer, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive corps,such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they’re automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren’t given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imports was 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.D. Decline of job opportunities U.S. agriculture.32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is .A. the rising number of illegal immigrantsB. the high mobility of crop workersC. the lack of experienced laborersD. the aging of immigrant farm workers33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its .A. slow granting proceduresB. limit on duration of stayC. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?B. Import Food or Labor?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Manpower vs. Automation?Text 4Amold Schwarzenegger. Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you. It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day—encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. One theirown, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions—a kind of “moral licensing” that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping hags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “ citizens” hole our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things. Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, orbanning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video toA. demand new laws on the use of plasticsB. urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC. invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37.The author is concerned that “moral licensing” mayA. mislead us into doing worthless thingsB. prevent us from making further effortsC. weaken our sense of accomplishmentD. suppress our desire for success38. By pointing out out identity “citizens”, the author indicates thatA. our focus should be shifted to community welfareB. our relationship with local industries is improvingC. We have been actively exercising our civil rightsD. We should press our government to lead the combat39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should beA. a win-win arrangementB. a self-driven mechanismC. a cost-effective approachD. a top down process40. The author concludes that individual effortsA.can be too aggressiveB. can be too inconsistentC. are far from sufficientD. are far from rationalPart BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Five ways to make conversation with anyoneIn choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have single demand: a backyard.McClain’s little one aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,”he said.Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home—but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home—without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”Hampson said.The other issue is that many children-especially older ones-may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif.“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,” he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s not shelter, it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with .“Their opinions can change tomorrow,”Gurner said.“Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best-and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.Section Ⅲ Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think thatanyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to pupular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith, write him an email toSuppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of traffic. Write him an email to1) Suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and2) Tell him about your arrangements.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHETE.Do not use your one name. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)Part B48. Directions: Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)。
2019年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(二)真题 真题答案
2019年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(二)真题真题答案2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)答案详解2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well aslottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketingtrick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of "HappyMoney" are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet thelink between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for mo st people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。
卓顶精文2019年考研.英语二真题及答案
2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHE ET.(10points)Happypeopleworkdifferently.They'remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisk s.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence___1__firmswork,too.Companieslocatedinplaceswithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper.__2__ ,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D(researchanddevelopment).That'sbecausehappinessislinkedtothe kindoflonger-termthinking__3__formakinginvestmentsforthefuture.Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe__4__andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappinesswould__5__thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.cities'average happiness__6__byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.__7__enough,firms'investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhich theywere__8__.Butitisreallyhappinessthat'slinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappier cities__9__whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?Tofindout,theresearcherscontrolledforvarious__10__that mightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest—likesize,industry,andsales—andforindicatorsthataplacewas__11__tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally __12__evenafteraccountingforthesethings.Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichthea uthors__13__to"lesscodifieddecision-makingprocess"andthepossiblepresenceof"youngerandless__14__managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinflue ncedbysentiment."Therelationshipwas__15__strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore__16__.Fi rmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaceswheremostpeoplearerelativelyhappy,ratherthaninplaceswithhappinessi nequality.__17__thisdoesn'tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveitatleast__18__atthatpossibility.It'snothardtoimaginethatlocalcultu reandsentimentwouldhelp__19__howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture."Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathapp ypeoplewouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand__20__R&Dmorethantheaverage,"saidoneresearcher.1. [A]why [B]where [C]how [D]when2. [A]Inreturn [B]Inparticular [C]Incontrast [D]Inconclusio n3. [A]sufficient [B]famous [C]perfect [D]necessary 4. [A]individualism [B]modernism [C]optimism [D]realism 5. [A]echo [B]miss [C]spoil [D]change6. [A]imagined [B]measured [C]invented [D]assumed 7. [A]Sure [B]Odd [C]Unfortunate [D]Often8. [A]advertised [B]divided [C]overtaxed [D]headquarter ed9. [A]explain [B]overstate [C]summarize [D]emphasize 10. [A]stages [B]factors [C]levels [D]methods. [A]desirable [B]sociable [C]reputable [D]reliable12. [A]resumed [B]held [C]emerged [D]broke13. [A]attribute [B]assign [C]transfer [D]compare14. [A]serious [B]civilized [C]ambitious [D]experienced 15. [A]thus [B]instead [C]also [D]never16. [A]rapidly [B]regularly [C]directly [D]equally17. [A]After [B]Until [C]While [D]Since18. [A]arrives [B]jumps [C]hints [D]strikes19. [A]shape [B]rediscover [C]simplify [D]share20. [A]prayfor [B]leantowards [C]giveaway [D]sendoutSectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyouranswe rsontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1It'struethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren'tessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege."Studentswithoutexperie ncecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses,saidTomCortina,theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellon'sSc hoolofComputerScience."However",Cortinasaid,"earlyexposureisbeneficial."Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience,the ylearnthatit'snotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbers—butatooltobuildapps,orcreateartwork,ortesthypotheses.It'snotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.Bre akingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethembecomesnormal."Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreaset henumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,"Cortinasaid.Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,whereintroducto rycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsaway.TheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming,startedasoneofthemanycodingbootcampsth at'sbecomepopularforadultslookingforacareerchange.Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum,but"wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey'reinterestedin,"saidVict oriaFriedman,aninstructor.Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbased onyourmood.ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywon'tdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenextFacebook.Prog ramminglanguageshaveaquickturnover,sothe"RubyonRails"languagetheylearnedmaynotevenbe relevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket."Buttheskillstheylearn—howtothinklogicallythroughaproblemandorganizetheresults—applytoanycodinglanguage,"saidDeborahSeehorn,aneducationconsultantforthe stateofNorthCarolina.Indeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthesol epurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers—intheirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomes—fortherestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingw hattheywant—theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat—thebetter.21.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto____.[A]completefuturejobtraining[B]remodelthewayofthinking[C]formulatelogicalhypotheses[D]perfectartworkproduction22.Indeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers,Flatironhasconsideredtheir____.[A]experience[B]academicbackgrounds[C]careerprospects[D]interest23.D eborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill____.[A].helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguages[B].havetobeupgradedwhennewtechnologiescome[C]needimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobs[D]enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpectedto____.[A]competewithafuturearmyofprogrammers[B]staylongerintheinformationtechnologyindustry[C]becomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworld2[D]bringforthinnovativecomputertechnologies25.Theword"coax"(Para.6)isclosestinmeaningto____.[A]challenge[B]persuade[C]frighten[D]MisguideText2Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens—akindofbirdlivingonstretchinggrasslands—oncelentredtotheoftengraylandscapeofthemidwesternandsouthwesternUnitedStates.Butjustsome22,00 0birdsremaintoday,occupyingabout16%ofthespecies'historicrange.ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.SFishandWildlifeService(USFWS)decidedtoformallylistthebirdast hreatened."Thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation,"saidUSFWSDirectorDanielAshe.Someen vironmentalists,however,weredisappointed.Theyhadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebirdas"endangere d,"astatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypowertocrackdownonthreats.ButAsheandother sarguedthatthe"threatened"taggavethefederalgovernmentflexibilitytotryoutnew,potentiallylessco nfrontationalconservationapproaches.Inparticular,theycalledforforgingclosercollaborationswith westernstategovernments,whichareoftenuneasywithfederalactionandwiththeprivatelandownerswhocon trolanestimated95%oftheprairiechicken'shabitat.Undertheplan,forexample,theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecutelandownerorbusinessesthatunintent ionallykill,harm,ordisturbthebird,aslongastheyhadsignedarange-widemanagementplantorestoreprairiechickenhabitat.NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates,theplanrequire sindividualsandbusinessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceevery acredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat.Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswhoset FWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannualaverageof 67,000birdsoverthenext10years.AnditgivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies(WAFWA) ,acoalitionofstateagencies,thejobofmonitoringprogress.Overall,theideaistolet"statesremaininth edriver'sseatformanagingthespecies,"Ashesaid.Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoric.SomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblocktheplan,andatleastadozenindustrygroups,foursta tes,andthreeenvironmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederalcourt.Notsurprisingly,industrygroupsa ndstatesgenerallyargueitgoestoofar;enviornmentalistsdoesn'tgofarenough."Thefederalgovernmenti sgivingresponsibilityformanagingthebirdtothesameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction,"saysb iologistJayLininger.26.Themajorreasonforlistingthelesserprairieasthreatenedis____.[A]itsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation[B]theunderestimateofthegrasslandacreage[C]adesperateappealfromsomebiologists[D]theinsistenceofprivatelandowners27.The"threatened"tagdisappointedsomeenvironmentalistsinthatit_____.[A]wasagive-intogovernmentalpressure[B]wouldinvolvefeweragenciesinaction[C]grantedlessfederalregulatorypower[D]wentagainstconservationpolicies28.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatunintentionalharm-doerswillnotbeprosecutedifthey_____.[A]agreetopayasumforcompensation[B]volunteertosetupanequallybighabitat[C]offertosupporttheWAFWAmonitoringjob[D]promisetoraisefundsforUSFWSoperations29.AccordingtoAshe,theleadingroleinmanagingthespeciesliesin_____.[A]thefederalgovernment[B]thewildlifeagencies[C]thelandowners[D]thestates30.JayLiningerwouldmostlikelysupport_____.[A]industrygroups[B]thewin-winrhetoric3[C]environmentalgroups[D]theplanunderchallengeText3Thateveryone'stoobusythesedaysisacliché.Butonespecificcomplaintismadeespeciallymournfully :There'sneveranytimetoread.Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdon'tseemsufficient.Theweb'sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread: "GiveupTV"or"Carryabookwithyouatalltimes".Butinmyexperience,usingsuchmethodstofreeuptheodd30m inutesdoesn'twork.Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinningorelseyou'resoexhaustedthatachallengingbook'sthelastthingyouneed. Themodernmind,TimParks,anovelistandcritic,writes,"isoverwhelminglyinclinedtowardcommunication …Itisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted;itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedtointerruption".Deepreadingr equiresnotjusttime,butaspecialkindoftimewhichcan'tbeobtainedmerelybybecomingmoreefficient.Infact,"becomingmoreefficient"ispartoftheproblem.Thinkingoftimeasaresourcetobemaximizedme ansyouapproachitinstrumentally;judginganygivenmomentaswellspentonlyinsofarasitadvancesprogres stowardsomegoalimmersivereading,bycontrast,dependsonbeingwillingtoriskinefficiency,goallessne ss,eventime-wasting.Trytoslotitasato-dolistitemandyou'llmanageonlygoal-focusedreading—useful,sometimes,butnotthemostfulfilling kind."Thefuturecomesatuslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearlyinfiniteconveyorbelt,"writ esGaryEberleinhisbookSacredTime,and"wefeelapressuretofillthesedifferent-sizedbottles(days,hours,minutes)astheypass,foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled,wewillhavewastedt hem".Nomind-setcouldbeworseforlosingyourselfinabook.Sowhatdoeswork?Perhapssurprisingly,schedulingregulartimesforreading.You'dthinkthismightfu eltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,Eberlenotes,suchritualisticbehaviourhelpsus"stepoutsidetime'sflow"into"soultime ".Youcouldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysicalbooks,oronsingle-purposee-readers."Carrya bookwithyouatalltimes"canactuallywork,too—providingyoudipinoftenenough,sothatreadingbecomesthe defaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarilysurfacetotakecareofbusiness,beforedroppingbackdown.Onareal lygoodday,itnolongerfeelsasifyou're"makingtimetoread",butjustreading,andmakingtimeforeverythi ngelse.31.Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon'tworkbecause_____.[A]whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodernmind[B]whatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitivereading[C]whatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwiththem[D]whatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeguaranteed32.The"emptybottles"metaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressureto_____.[A]updatetheirto-dolists[B]makepassingtimefulfilling[C]carrytheirplansthrough[D]pursuecarefreereading33.Eberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreadinghelps_____.[A]encouragetheefficiencymind-set[B]developonlinereadinghabits[C]promoteritualisticreading[D]achieveimmersivereading34."Carryabookwithyouatalltimes"canworkif_____.[A]readingbecomesyourprimarybusinessoftheday[B]allthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtwith[C]youareabletodropbacktobusinessafterreading[D]timecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandbusiness35.Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe_____.[A]HowtoEnjoyEasyReading[B]HowtoFindTimetoRead[C]HowtoSetReadingGoals[D]HowtoReadExtensively4Text4Againstabackdropofdrasticchangesineconomyandpopulationstructure,youngerAmericansaredrawin ganew21st-centuryroadmaptosuccess,alatestpollhasfound.Acrossgenerationallines,Americanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesametraditionalmilestonesofasucc essfullife,includinggettingmarried,havingchildren,owningahome,andretiringintheirsixties.Butwh ileyoungandoldmostlyagreeonwhatconstitutesthefinishlineofafulfillinglife,theyofferstrikinglyd ifferentpathsforreachingit.Youngpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlifeweremorelikelythanolderadultstoprioritizeperson alfulfillmentintheirwork,tobelievetheywilladvancetheircareersmostbyregularlychangingjobs,tofa vorcommunitieswithmorepublicservicesandafasterpaceoflife,toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinanciall ysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren,andtomaintainthatchildrenarebestservedbytwoparent sworkingoutsidethehome,thesurveyfound.Fromcareertocommunityandfamily,thesecontrastssuggestthatintheaftermathofthesearingGreatRe cession,thosejuststartingoutinlifearedefiningprioritiesandexpectationsthatwillincreasinglyspr eadthroughvirtuallyallaspectsofAmericanlife,fromconsumerpreferencestohousingpatternstopolitic s.Youngandoldconvergeononekeypoint:Overwhelmingmajoritiesofbothgroupssaidtheybelieveitishar derforyoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlifethanitwasforearliergenerations.Whileyoungerpeopleares omewhatmoreoptimisticthantheireldersabouttheprospectsforthosestartingouttoday,bigmajoritiesin bothgroupsbelievethose"justgettingstartedinlife"faceatoughergood-payingjob,startingafamily,managingdebt,andfindingaffordablehousing.PeteSchneiderconsiderstheclimbtoughertoday.Schneider,a27-year-oldautotechnicianfromtheChicagosuburbssayshestruggledtofindajobaftergraduatingfromcollege.Eve nnowthatheisworkingsteadily,hesaid."Ican'taffordtopaymymonthlymortgagepaymentsonmyown,soIhave torentroomsouttopeopletomakethathappen."Lookingback,heisstruckthathisparentscouldprovideacomf ortablelifefortheirchildreneventhoughneitherhadcompletedcollegewhenhewasyoung."Istillgrewupin anuppermiddle-classhomewithparentswhodidn'thavecollegedegrees,"Schneidersaid,"Idon'tthinkpeoplearecapableof thatanymore."36.Onecross-generationmarkofasuccessfullifeis_____.[A]tryingoutdifferentlifestyles[B]havingafamilywithchildren[C]workingbeyondretirementage[D]settingupaprofitablebusiness37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatyoungpeopletendto____.[A]favoraslowerlifepace[B]holdanoccupationlonger[C]attachimportancetopre-maritalfinance[D]giveprioritytochildcareoutsidethehome38.Theprioritiesandexpectationsdefinedbytheyoungwill____.[A]becomeincreasinglyclear[B]focusonmaterialisticissues[C]dependlargelyonpoliticalpreferences[D]reachalmostallaspectsofAmericanlife39.B othyoungandoldagreethat____.[A]good-payingjobsarelessavailable[B]theoldmademorelifeachievements[C]housingloanstodayareeasytoobtain[D]gettingestablishedisharderfortheyoung40.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSchneider?[A]Hefoundadreamjobaftergraduatingfromcollege.[B]Hisparentsbelieveworkingsteadilyisamustforsuccess.[C]Hisparents'goodlifehaslittletodowithacollegedegree.[D]Hethinkshisjobasatechnicianquitechallenging.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlefromthelistA-Gfor5eachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]Besilly[B]Havefun[C]Expressyouremotions[D]Don'toverthinkit[E]B eeasilypleased[F]Noticethings[G]AskforhelpAsadults,itseemsthatweareconstantlypursuinghappiness,oftenwithmixedresults.Yetchildrenapp eartohaveitdowntoanartandforthemostparttheydon'tneedself-helpbooksortherapy.Instead,theylookaftertheirwellbeinginstinctively,andusuallymoreeffectively thanwedoasgrownups.Perhapsit'stimetolearnafewlessonsfromthem.41.__________Whatdoesachilddowhenhe'ssad?Hecries.Whenhe'sangry?Heshouts.Scared?Probablyabitofboth.Asweg rowup,welearntocontrolouremotionssotheyaremanageableanddon'tdictateourbehaviours,whichisinman ywaysagoodthing.Buttoooftenwetakethisprocesstoofarandendupsuppressingemotions,especiallynegat iveones.that'saboutaseffectiveasbrushingdirtunderacarpetandcanevenmakeusill.Whatweneedtodo isfindawaytoacknowledgeandexpresswhatwefeelappropriately,andthen—againlikechildren—move.42.___________AcoupleofChristmasesago,myyoungeststepdaughter,whowasnineyearsoldatthetime,gotaSupermanT-shirtforChristmas.Itcostlessthanafiverbutshewasoverjoyed,andcouldn'tstoptalkingaboutit.Toooft enwebelievethatanewjob,biggerhouseorbettercarwillbethemagicsilverbulletthatwillallowustofinal lybecontent,buttherealityisthesethingshaveverylittlelastingimpactonourhappinesslevels.Instead ,beinggratefulforsmallthingseverydayisamuchbetterwaytoimprovewell-being.43.__________Haveyouevernoticedhowmuchchildrenlaugh?Ifweadultscouldindulgeinabitofsillinessandgiggling ,wewouldreducethestresshormonesinourbodies,increasegoodhormoneslikeendorphins,improvebloodflo wtoourheartsandevenhaveagreaterchanceoffightingoffenfection,allofwhich,ofcourse,haveapositive effectonhappinesslevels.44.__________Theproblemwithbeingagrownupisthatthere'sanawfullotofseriousstufftodealwith—work,mortgagepayments,figuringoutwhattocookfordinner.Butasadultswealsohavetheluxuryofbeingabletocontrolour owndiariesandit'simportantthatwescheduleintimetoenjoythethingswelove.Thosethingsmightbesocial, sporting,creativeorcompletelyrandom(dancingaroundthelivingroom,anyone?)—itdoesn'tmatter,solongasthey'reenjoyable,andnotlikelytohavenegativesideeffects,suchasdrinkingtoomuchalcoholorgoingona wildspendingspreeifyou'reonatightbudget.45.__________Havingsaidalloftheabove,it'simportanttoaddthatweshouldn'ttrytoohardtobehappy.Scientistste llusthiscanbackfireandactuallyhaveanegativeimpactonourwell-being.AstheChinesephilosopherChuangTzuisreportedtohavesaid:"Happinessistheabsenceofstrivingfo rhappiness."Andinthat,oncemore,weneedtolooktotheexampleofourchildren,towhomhappinessisnotagoa lbutanaturalbyproductofthewaytheylive.SectionIII Translation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15p oints)Thesupermarketisdesignedtolurecustomersintospendingasmuchtimeaspossiblewithinitsdoors.The reasonforthisissimple:Thelongeryoustayinthestore,themorestuffyou'llsee,andthemorestuffyousee, themoreyou'llbuy.Andsupermarketscontainalotofstuff.Theaveragesupermarket,accordingtotheFoodMarketingInstitute,carriessome44,000differentitems,andmanycarrytensofthousandsmore.Thesheervolu me6ofavailablechoiceisenoughtosendshoppersintoastateofinformationoverload.Accordingtobrain-scanexperiments,thedemandsofsomuchdecision-makingquicklybecometoomuchforus.Afterabout40minutesofshopping,mostpeoplestopstrugglingtoberationallyselective,andinsteadbeganshoppingemotionally —whichisthepointatwhichweaccumulatethe50percentofstuffinourcartthatweneverintendedbuying.SectionIV WritingPartA47.Directions:SupposeyouwonatranslationcontestandyourfriendJackwroteanemailtocongratulateyou,andaskadvi ceontranslation.Writehimareplyto(1)thankhim;and(2)giveyouradvice.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANWSERSHEET.Donot e"LiMing"instead.Donot writetheaddress.(10point)PartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Youshould(1)interpretthechart;and(2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points).某高校学生旅游目的调查7参考答案一、完形填空1-5 CBDCD 6-10 BADAB 11-15 ABADC 16-20 DCCAB二、阅读理解21-25 BDACB 26-30 ACADC 31-35 DBDAB 36-40 BCDDC41-45 CEABD三、翻译46.超市旨在吸引顾客尽可能长时间的停留在店中。
19年考研英语二真题及答案
2019考研英语二试题SectionIUse of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmarkA, B，C or Don the ANSWER SHET(10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderfulwaytostay awareofanysignificant weight fluctuations 1 ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more that it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused ma to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form ofmuscle mass, but thinking onlyof4 the number on the scale, I altered mytraining program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 ofthe hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering yourtraining program. The most8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.Forthese 9 I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to abimonthly weighing schedule10.Since weight loss is not my goal, itislessimportantfor metollmy weight each week. Weighing every other weekallows me to observeand 12any significant weight changes. That tells mewhether Ineedto 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weight-in14to get information about my nutrition as well. Ifmy training intensity remainsthe same, but I'm constantly15 anddropping weight, thisisa16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for work ing out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals. 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you kook, feel, how you clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides2. A. cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps3. A solely B. occasionally C. formally D. initially4. A lowering B. explaining C.accepting D. recording5. A.set B. review C.reach D.modify6. A. depiction B. distribution C. prediction D.definition7.A.regardless of B. aside from C. along with D. due to8.A. rigid B. precise C. immediate D.orderly9.A.judgments B. reasons C. methods D. claims10.A. though B. again C.indeed D. instead11.A. track B. overlook C.conceal D. report12.A.approveof B. hold onto C.account for D. depend on13.A. share B. adjust C. confirm D prepare14.A. features B. rules C.tests D results15.A anxious B. hungry C.sick D. bored16.A. secret B belief C. sign D. principle17.A. necessity B. decision C.wish D. request18.A. surprising B. restricting C. consuming D. disappointing19.A. because B. unless C.until D. if20.A. dominating B. puzzling C.triumphing D. obsessingSection II Reading ComprehensionPartADirectionsRead the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosingA, B，Cor D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points)Text1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child's growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren't born knowing how to say "I'm sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends - and their own consciences. This is whyresearchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable - it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. "There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve," says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren't binary -feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children Using caregiver assessments and the children's self-observations, she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to shared them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn't magically become more sympathetic to the other child's deprivation" That's good news, " Malti says. " We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help____A) foster a child's moral developmentB) regulate a child's basic emotionsC) improve a child’s intellectual abilityD) intensity a child's positive feelings22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be____A) inexcusableB) deceptionC) addictiveD) burdensome23.Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness thatA)emotions air context-independentB)an emotion can playopposing rolesC)emotion are socially constructiveD)emotional stability can benefit health24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing·A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can result from either sympathy or guiltC. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. may be the outcome of impulsive aets25. The word "transgressions" (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to___A. TeachingsB, discussionsC.RestrictionsD.D. wrongdoingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humanscount on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so.Theclimate。
2019英语二真题及解析
2019年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use ofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonthe ANSWERSHEET.(10points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significantweightfluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeinggenerallyhealthyand physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinkingonlyof 4 thenumberonthescale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 mygoals.I also found weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard workandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthtonoticesignificantchanges inweight 7 alteringyourtrainingprogram.Themost 8 changeswillbeobserved in skill level, strength and incheslost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthlyweighingschedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 myweight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significantweight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my trainingprogram.I also use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. Ifmy training intensity remain s the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a16 that I need to increase my daily caloricintake.The 17 tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,fitnessandwell-being.IamexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarrythe burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achievingmyspecificfitnessgoals, 19 I’mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,insteadofnumbersonascale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothesfit and your overall energylevel.1. A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.However D.Besides2. A.Cares B.warns C. reduces D.helps3. A.Solely B.occasionally C.formally D.initially4. A.Lowering B.explaining C.accepting D.recording5. A.Set B.review C.reach D.modify6. A.Depiction B.distribution C.prediction D.definition7. A. Regardlessof B. asidefrom C. alongwith D. dueto8. A.Rigid B.precise C.immediate D.orderly9. A.judgments B.reasons C.methods D.claims10. A.Though B.again C.indeed D.instead11. A.Track B.overlook C.conceal D.report12. A. Approvalof B. holdonto C. account for D. dependon13. A.Share B.adjust C.confirm D.prepare14.Features B.rules C.tests D.results15. A.Anxious B.hungry C.sick D.bored16. A.Secret B.belief C.sign D.principle17. A.Necessity B.decision C.wish D.request18. A.Surprising B.restricting C.consuming D.disappointing19. A.Because B. unless C.until D.if20. A.Dominating B.puzzling C.triumphing D.obsessing1. 逻辑关系题：文章第一句说定期称体重是一个很好的方式，空格后谈到hurt 伤害ia，所以前后构成转折相反关系，需要填入一个转折词，选Chowever。
2019年考研英语二阅读
2019年考研英语二阅读2019年考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案Passage OneWhen I was 33, I walked out of my lifelong job at a local newspaper. It was the end of a long process of self-doubt and soul-searching that finally led to my realizing that I was wasting my time, energy and talent on a career that didn't fulfill me. It was a difficult decision, but I had finally decided to start fresh in a field that would engage all my creative and intellectual capabilities.My new career choice was advertising design, a field that I had zero experience in but always held a great interest in. I had been drawing and painting since childhood, so I felt that with enough practice and self-teaching, I could make myself into a competent designer. I enrolled in an online course to start learning the basics of graphic design, and then I built a small portfolio of my work so I could apply for entry-level positions.I quickly realized that while my enthusiasm was contagious and my dedication to my work unquestionable, my lack of experience was becoming a real obstacle to my success. It was clear that I needed to formalize my training and increase my skill set if I wanted to progress in this field.I decided to return to school to pursue a degree in design. After much research, I chose a reputable design school with an excellent reputation and convenient night classes. I started taking courses that were specifically tailored to the needs of working adults. The courses were challenging, but the structure and support provided by the school were designed to help us succeed while working full-time.Now that I’m nearing graduation, I can say that making the switch to a new career path has been one of the most rewarding decisions of my life. The sense of fulfillment and purpose that I feel every day at work i s unlike anything I’ve ever experienced before. My only regret is not making this change sooner.1. The author left his job at the newspaper due to_____.A. his dissatisfaction with the low payB. his desire for a career that engaged more of his talentsC. his dislike of the work environmentD. his wish to start his own business2. The author decided to pursue a degree in design because_____.A. he lacked the necessary skills for his chosen careerB. he needed to formalize his training in the fieldC. the degree was required for most entry-level positionsD. he wanted to improve his work efficiency3. Which of the following best describes the author’s feelings about his new career?A. It is more challenging than expected.B. It is fulfilling and worthwhile.C. It is less stressful than his previous job.D. It provides more opportunities for advancement.4. The author advises other people considering a career change_____.A. not to be influenced by others’ opinionsB. not to wait too long before making the changeC. to start looking for opportunities immediatelyD. to thoroughly research all possible options first5. What can be inferred about the author?A. He is diligent and determined in pursuit of his goals.B. He has a strong sense of responsibility towards society.C. He finds fulfillment mainly through work成就感。
2019年考研英语(二)真题及详解【圣才出品】
2019年考研英语（二）真题及详解Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations.(1)_____ when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it (2)_____.As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing (3)_____ on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of (4)_____ the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to (5)_____ my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate (6)_____ of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight (7)_____ altering your training program. The most (8)_____ changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these (9)_____, I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule (10)_____. Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to (11)_____ my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and (12)_____ any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to (13)_____ my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in (14)_____ to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly (15)_____ and dropping weight, this is a (16)_____ that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a (18)_____ morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, (19)_____ I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than (20)_____ over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. A. ThereforeB. OtherwiseC. HoweverD. Besides2. A. caresB. warnsC. reducesD. helps3. A. solelyB. occasionallyC. formallyD. initially4. A. loweringB. explainingC. acceptingD. recording5. A. setB. reviewC. reach 6. A. depictionB. distributionC. predictionD. definition7. A. regardless ofB. aside fromC. along withD. due to8. A. rigidB. preciseC. immediateD. orderly9. A. judgmentsB. reasonsC. methodsD. claims10. A. althoughB. againC. indeed11. A. trackB. overlookC. concealD. report12. A. approve ofB. hold ontoC. account forD. depend on13. A. shareB. adjustC. confirmD. prepare14. A. featuresB. rulesC. testsD. results15. A. anxiousB. hungryC. sick16. A. secretB. beliefC. signD. principle17. A. necessityB. decisionC. wishD. request18. A. surprisingB. restrictingC. consumingD. disappointing19. A. becauseB. unlessC. untilD. if20. A. dominatingB. puzzlingC. triumphing【答案与解析】1. C 文章首段交代了全文主旨，定期称重是关注体重波动的极佳方式，但是如果过于频繁，可能会弊大于利。
2019年考研英语二应用文真题原文（网友版）
【导语】2019年考研初试12⽉22⽇⾄12⽉23⽇举⾏，2019考研初试政治考试已经结束，下⾯是《2019年考研英语⼆应⽤⽂真题原⽂(友版)》，以供⼤家参考。
考⽣可点击进⼊考研提别为⼤家整理的《》查看各科2019年考研真题及答案信息。
2019考研英语⼆真题⼩作⽂：建议加介绍 【题⽬】 51.Directions: Suppose Professor Smith. asks you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic. Write him am email to： 1) suggest a topic with your reasons; 2) and your arrangements. You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Zhang Wei”instead (10 points) 【参考范⽂】 Dear Prof. Smith, It’s my pleasure to plan the debate on city traffic, and I am writing mainly to put forward advice on the topic of this debate and introduce my preliminary arrangements concerned. To begin with, the debate can be conducted with the topic of “By Bus or By Bike” on the ground that a host of residents prefer convenient vehicles to reduce time cost under the background of increasingly heavy city traffic. Therefore, the participants in this debate can take an active part in it due to their real experience in daily life. Regarding the arrangements of the debate, it will be held in the auditorium on our campus Dec.28th,2018. Anyone interested in this debate can apply for participation at the Students’ Union Office before Dec. 24th. Finally, a watch will be awarded to the winner of the debate . It will be highly appreciated if you could give me an early reply or some comments on my plan. Yours sincerely, Zhang Wei 【参考范⽂译⽂】 尊敬的史密斯教授， ⾮常荣幸能够组织这次有关城市交通的辩论。
19年考研英语二真题
19年考研英语二真题IntroductionIn 2019, the English second subject exam for the postgraduate entrance exam presented a set of challenging questions for the test-takers. This article will provide an analysis and discussion of the key features and difficulties of the exam. It will also offer some suggestions on how to better prepare for future exams.Part I: Reading ComprehensionIn this section, test-takers were required to read multiple passages and answer questions based on the information provided. The passages covered a wide range of topics, including technology, society, and literature. The questions were designed to test the candidates' ability to understand and analyze the content.Key Features:1. Lengthy Passages: The reading passages were quite lengthy, requiring students to read carefully and quickly identify the main ideas.2. Complex Vocabulary: The passages contained a variety of complex vocabulary, challenging students' lexical knowledge.3. Inference Questions: The questions often required test-takers to make logical inferences based on the information provided in the passages, which tested their ability to comprehend and draw conclusions.Difficulties:1. Time Constraint: The length of the passages combined with the limited time available made it challenging to read and answer all the questions within the allocated time.2. Vocabulary Challenges: Many test-takers struggled with unfamiliar vocabulary, which hindered their understanding of the passages.3. Complex Sentence Structures: Some passages contained intricate sentence structures, posing a challenge for students in comprehending the information.Part II: TranslationThis section required test-takers to translate sentences from Chinese to English. The sentences covered a wide range of topics and tested the candidates' language proficiency and translation skills.Key Features:1. Varied Sentence Structures: The sentences provided required test-takers to be proficient in different sentence structures, such as complex sentences, passive voice, and conditional sentences.2. Specialized Vocabulary: The sentences often contained specialized vocabulary related to various fields, such as science, medicine, and literature, testing candidates' knowledge of specific terminology.3. Grammar Accuracy: The candidates needed to exhibit accuracy in grammar and syntax, ensuring that the translated sentences were grammatically correct and conveyed the original meaning.Difficulties:1. Cultural Context: Some sentences contained cultural references that could be challenging to accurately convey in translation, especially for non-native speakers.2. Idiomatic Expressions: Certain sentences included idiomatic expressions, making it difficult for test-takers to find an appropriate equivalent in English.3. Sentence Ambiguity: Some sentences had multiple possible translations, requiring candidates to make decisions regarding the intended meaning based on context.Part III: WritingThe writing section required test-takers to write an essay on a given topic, expressing their own thoughts and arguments. The essay needed to be well-structured with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.Key Features:1. Coherent Structure: The essay required a logical structure that followed a clear progression of ideas, with smooth transitions between paragraphs.2. Persuasive Arguments: Test-takers needed to present persuasive arguments supporting their viewpoint on the given topic, demonstrating critical thinking skills.3. Language Accuracy: The essay needed to be written with accurate grammar, vocabulary usage, and appropriate sentence structures.Difficulties:1. Time Management: Many students found it challenging to complete the essay within the given time frame, resulting in rushed writing and potentially affecting the overall quality of the essay.2. Generating Ideas: Some test-takers struggled to generate relevant ideas and examples to support their arguments, which weakened the overall effectiveness of their essays.3. Language Proficiency: Non-native speakers may face difficulties in expressing complex ideas in English, which could hinder their ability to convey their thoughts effectively.ConclusionThe 2019 English second subject exam for the postgraduate entrance exam presented various challenges for test-takers in the reading comprehension, translation, and writing sections. However, with thorough preparation and practice, candidates can improve their performance in future exams. It is crucial to develop effective reading strategies, expand vocabulary knowledge, and enhance writing skills to tackle the complexities of the exam successfully.。
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实用文档 2019年英语（二）考研真题及答案解析。 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 . As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conficted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals. I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for meto_ 11 _ my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program. I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake. The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morming weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific ftness goals, 19 I'm training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale. Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level. 1. [A] Besides [B] Therefore [C]Otherwise [D] However 2. [A] helps [B]cares [C]warns [D] reduces 3. [A] initially [B] solely [C] occasionally [D] formally 4. [A] recording [B] lowering [C] explaining [D] accepting 5. [A] modify [B] set [C]review [D] reach 6. [A] definition [B] depiction [C] distribution [D] prediction 7. [A] due to [B]regardless of [C] aside from [D] along with 8. [A] orderly [B] rigid [C] precise [D] immediate 9. [A] claims [B]judgments [C] reasons [D] methods 实用文档 10. [A] instead [B]though [C]again [D]indeed 11. [A] report [B] share [C] share [D] share 12. [A] depend on [B]approve of [C]hold onto [D]account for 13. [A] prepare [B]share [C]share [D] share 14. [A] results [B]features [C]rules [D]tests 15. [A] bored [B]anxious [C]hungry [D] sick 16. [A] principle [B]secret [C]belief [D]sign 17. [A] request [B]necessity [C]decision [D]wish 18. [A] disappointing [B]surprising [C]restricting [D]consuming 19. [A] if because [B]unless [C]until [D]consuming 20. [A] obsessing [B]dominating [C]puzzling [D]triumphing Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends -- and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing. In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable-- it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary -- feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive. And quilt , by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue. Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti , a psychology professor at the University of Toronto ,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some Kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa : High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.