商务谈判-2

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国际商务谈判 中国人民大学出版社 PART2

国际商务谈判 中国人民大学出版社 PART2

Definition of Negotiation
The basic concept of Negotiation is interpreted differently from one cul- ture to another.


In the United States, negotiation is a mechanical exercise of offers and counteroffers that leads to a deal.

GLOBAL BUSINESS NEGOTIATIONS
Effect of Culture on Negotiation
Groups Versus Individuals
• In some cultures, individuality is highly valued. In others, the emphasis is on the group. In the United States, emphasis is placed on logic, formality, and legality of the agreement.
It is commonly agreed that a culture must have these three characteristics:
1. It is learned—that is, people over time transmit the culture of their group from generation to generation. 2. It is interrelated—that is, one part of the culture is deeply connected with another part, such as religion with marriage or business with social status. 3. It is shared—that is, most members of the group accept the tenets of the culture.

2024年商务谈判提纲总结(2篇)

2024年商务谈判提纲总结(2篇)

2024年商务谈判提纲总结一、引言- 介绍参与商务谈判的各方背景和目标- 强调商务谈判的重要性和目的二、问题定义- 确定商务谈判的核心问题和争议点- 分析相关市场趋势和竞争环境,预测未来发展动态三、利益分析- 评估各方利益,并确定共同利益的基础- 分析可能的合作机会和风险四、谈判策略- 确定谈判目标和优先级- 制定谈判策略和计划,包括信息收集、团队准备等方面五、谈判准备- 收集必要的信息和数据,包括市场分析、法律和政策规定等- 研究对方背景和谈判代表的偏好和风格六、建立信任- 运用积极的沟通技巧和心态,建立起互信关系- 基于互利互惠原则,寻找合作可能性七、提出建议- 在谈判过程中提出切实可行的解决方案- 强调双方共同利益,推动谈判进程八、讨论具体合作细节- 就合作方式、资源共享、责任分工等进行讨论- 确定合作细节的具体规定和条款九、解决争端- 针对可能出现的争端,制定解决方案并进行协商- 寻求双方都能接受的解决办法,维护合作关系十、协议达成与签署- 商定合作方案的最终版本并进行签署- 确定双方履行合作协议的具体步骤和时间表十一、后续跟进- 确保合作协议的有效履行- 建立合作关系的长期机制和沟通渠道结语- 总结商务谈判的成果和经验教训- 展望未来合作的发展和潜力以上提纲仅供参考,具体商务谈判的内容和提纲可以根据实际情况进行调整和补充。

2024年商务谈判提纲总结(2)虽然本次商务谈判专周实训仅为期四天,但是其实在这次专周之前我们就用了两次课的时间来进行谈判题目抽选、组队和初步的资料收集。

专周的第一天,主要有三个任务,首先是老师对本次专周的内容安排和要求等作出介绍。

第二个任务就是每个队要给自己的队伍取一个名字,要有成员明确的分工,队伍理念和队伍口号。

我们小组名叫做:梦之队,小组分工也明确,我扮演财务顾问的角色。

我们的口号是:为维护球员权益而战!我们的理念是:维护球员权益,保障劳工合同!第三个任务就是观看上午用餐礼仪和模拟商务谈判视频。

商务汉语2 商务谈判

商务汉语2 商务谈判

案例
留学生要做一项校内义卖活动,打算租 用校内学生食堂前面的场地,但活动经费 有限,需要同学们派代表与学校相关管理 部门谈判。
3.这可不是一笔小生意呀!
举例: 他们公司可大啦! 最近我的任务可不轻啊! 虽然是副总,架子可不小呢!
4.我看这样吧,为了双方能长期合作
,我方…… 举例:
我看这样吧,咱们坐飞机走,可以早 点儿到。
我看不如这样,你先去这个厂实习一 下,合适了再说。
二、分组讨论
1. 你认为在谈判前要做哪些准备? 2. 做这些准备有什么好处? 3. 谈判时要注意什么,怎么做?
商务谈判
一、重点语句解释
1.一般来说,我们的报价都会比国际上
其他的加工厂家低10%。 举例: 一般来说,公司都有十天假。 一般来说,客户都喜欢物美价廉的商品。 一般来讲,上海的冬天都不太冷。
2.况且任何价格的比较都离不开质量与
档次。
举例:
我都二十五岁了,况且已经工作了, 当然可以独立生活了。
我们是知名企业,况且又作了承诺, 怎么会不守

商务谈判案例投石问路2

商务谈判案例投石问路2

什么是“投石问路”?请参照上面‎的示例分析‎一例关于“投石问路”策略的案例‎北京市皇家‎制鞋厂,是一家专门‎生产出口地‎毯鞋的厂家‎。

2012年‎3月份因扩‎大生产规模‎需要欲购买‎100台缝‎纫机。

为了能以较‎低的价格买‎到缝纫机,该厂采用制‎造竞争对手‎策略和投石‎问路策略进‎行谈判。

为了制造竞‎争,为自己谋取‎有利的谈判‎地位,一开始该厂‎就一起邀请‎了三家规模‎比较大的合‎格供应商,并约在同一‎天进行首次‎谈判。

在谈判之前‎皇家制鞋厂‎带领厂家的‎销售人员参‎观了新的厂‎房,告知一楼、二楼、三楼分别要‎购置100‎台,合计300‎台缝纫机。

参观结束之‎后,安排三家供‎应商代表分‎别对自己的‎产品和报价‎进行了介绍‎,这使皇家制‎鞋厂进一步‎了解了每家‎供应商的产‎品特点和价‎格情况。

因为存在竞‎争对手,购买的数量‎又比较多,所以三家供‎应商的初次‎报价都比较‎合理。

经过比较和‎筛选,选择了其中‎一家常熟工‎业缝纫机厂‎有限公司作‎为重点谈判‎对象。

一周后,皇家制鞋厂‎邀请对方再‎次来厂谈判‎。

对方在30‎0台的数量‎诱惑和竞争‎压力下,价格在初次‎报价368‎0元的基础‎上又下降了‎280元,之后就不肯‎再让步了。

下午续谈时‎,皇家制鞋厂‎谈判代表告‎诉对方,厂长认为每‎台3400‎元的价格过‎高,资金无法一‎次性到位,按照现在的‎价格最多只‎能买200‎台。

就算200‎台也要70‎万元左右资‎金,需要三个合‎伙人协商好‎资金问题后‎才能同意。

同时希望对‎方能够每台‎再让步10‎0元,以减轻财务‎上的压力。

对方说他们‎从没有卖过‎这么低的价‎格,需要回去向‎领导请示汇‎报。

三天后,对方来电说‎每台最多可‎以再便宜6‎0元。

皇家制鞋厂‎谈判代表,说感谢对方‎的让步,这是一个好‎消息,我马上告诉‎厂长。

第二天,皇家制鞋厂‎打电话给对‎方,经三个合伙‎人协商,认为334‎0元的价格‎可以接受。

商务谈判_2of5 谈判开局与准备

商务谈判_2of5 谈判开局与准备

第四章商务谈判的准备与开局商务谈判的整个过程可以细分以下8个阶段:准备阶段(preparing phase),确立谈判程序的阶段(arguing phase),探测信号的阶段(signaling phase),报价阶段(proposing phase),调整阶段(repackaging phase),讨价还价阶段(bargaining phase),收场拍板阶段(closing phase),签约阶段(agreeing phase)。

这8个阶段可以组合成3个重要环节:准备与开局,报价与议价,收场与签约。

第一节商务谈判的准备阶段商务谈判的准备阶段是指谈判双方还没有正式碰面之前各自为这场谈判进行相应准备工作的那段时间。

谈判的准备工作主要包括思想、物质、方案、材料以及谈判成功以后如何落实谈判结果和谈判失败后如何善后这几方面。

准备得越充分,谈判成功的可能性就越大。

一、思想准备首先,谈判人员应该具有双向思维的能力。

所谓的双重或者双向思维的能力是指谈判人员在既能向对手提问同时又能及时恰当地回应对手的提问。

简而言之,就是善于提问又善于回答。

这是对谈判人员的最基本的语言要求。

谈判,顾名思义就是口舌之争,如果一个谈判人员连这点基本的语言能力都不具备,很容易就被对手问得无言以对,那他绝对不可能在谈判中赢得应有的利益。

因此,在对谈判人员的培训过程中,应该特别注意这方面能力的培养和磨练。

二、物质准备谈判的物质条件准备主要指谈判人员的吃、住、行,谈判场所以及谈判所需要设备的准备。

物质条件的精心准备能够为顺便进行谈判打下良好的基础。

在这几项工作中最重要的是谈判场所的设置。

(一)谈判地点谈判地点的选择能够体现谈判双方的心态,在一定程度上能够反映出双方对于谈判项目的相互需求强度的差异。

一般而言,主动提出到对方所在地进行谈判的一方对于谈判项目的需求较为强烈,换句话说,谈判所在地一方在相互需求方面占有一定的优势。

具体来看,在我国情况比较特殊。

商务谈判计划书模板3篇

商务谈判计划书模板3篇

商务谈判计划书模板3篇在商言商,我们在进行商务谈判的时候为了自身的经济利益常常会需要跟对方沟通、协商、妥协、合作等等一系列的方式来实现自身利益最大化。

那么关于商务谈判的策划书要怎么弄,商务谈判计划书模板有哪些?下面店铺整理了商务谈判计划书模板,供你阅读参考。

商务谈判计划书模板篇01——终极挑战007一、谈判主题解决汽轮机转子毛坯延迟交货索赔问题,维护双方长期合作关系二、谈判团队人员组成主谈:胡达,公司谈判全权代表;决策人:贺宇翔,负责重大问题的决策;技术顾问:陶佳,负责技术问题;法律顾问:张伟燕,负责法律问题;三、双方利益及优劣势分析我方核心利益:1、要求对方尽早交货2、维护双方长期合作关系3、要求对方赔偿,弥补我方损失对方利益:解决赔偿问题,维持双方长期合作关系我方优势: 1、我公司占有国内电力市场1/3的份额,对方与我方无法达成合作将对其造成巨大损失我方劣势:1、在法律上有关罢工属于不可抗力范围这上点对对方极为有利,对方将据此拒绝赔偿2、对方延迟交货对我公司已带来的利润、名誉上的损失3、我公司毛坯供应短缺,影响恶劣,迫切与对方合作,否则将可能造成更大损失对方优势: 1、法律优势:有关罢工属于不可抗力的规定2、对方根据合同,由不可抗力产生的延迟交货不适用处罚条例对方劣势:属于违约方,面临与众多签约公司的相关谈判,达不成协议将可能陷入困境四、谈判目标1、战略目标:体面、务实地解决此次索赔问题,重在减小损失,并维护双方长期合作关系原因分析:让对方尽快交货远比要求对方赔款重要,迫切要求维护与对方的长期合作关系2、索赔目标:报价:①赔款:450万美元②交货期:两月后,即11月③技术支持:要求对方派一技术顾问小组到我公司提供技术指导④优惠待遇:在同等条件下优先供货⑤价格目标:为弥补我方损失,向对方提出单价降5%的要求底线:①获得对方象征性赔款,使对方承认错误,挽回我公司的名誉损失②尽快交货远以减小我方损失③对方与我方长期合作五、程序及具体策略1、开局:方案一:感情交流式开局策略:通过谈及双方合作情况形成感情上的共鸣,把对方引入较融洽的谈判气氛中方案二:采取进攻式开局策略:营造低调谈判气氛,强硬地指出对方因延迟交货给我方带来巨大损失,开出450万美元的罚款,以制造心理优势,使我方处于主动地位对方提出有关罢工属于不可抗力的规定拒绝赔偿的对策:1、借题发挥的策略:认真听取对方陈述,抓住对方问题点,进行攻击、突破2、法律与事实相结合原则:提出我方法律依据,并对罢工事件进行剖析对其进行反驳2、中期阶段:1、红脸白脸策略:由两名谈判成员其中一名充当红脸,一名充当白脸辅助协议的谈成,适时将谈判话题从罢工事件的定位上转移交货期及长远利益上来,把握住谈判的节奏和进程,从而占据主动2、层层推进,步步为营的策略:有技巧地提出我方预期利益,先易后难,步步为营地争取利益3、把握让步原则:明确我方核心利益所在,实行以退为进策略,退一步进两步,做到迂回补偿,充分利用手中筹码,适当时可以退让赔款金额来换取其它更大利益4、突出优势: 以资料作支撑,以理服人,强调与我方协议成功给对方带来的利益,同时软硬兼施,暗示对方若与我方协议失败将会有巨大损失5、打破僵局: 合理利用暂停,首先冷静分析僵局原因,再可运用把握肯定对方行式,否定方实质的方法解除僵局,适时用声东击西策略,打破僵局3、休局阶段:如有必要,根据实际情况对原有方案进行调整4、最后谈判阶段:1、把握底线,:适时运用折中调和策略,把握严格把握最后让步的幅度,在适宜的时机提出最终报价,使用最后通牒策略2、埋下契机:在谈判中形成一体化谈判,以期建立长期合作关系3、达成协议:明确最终谈判结果,出示会议记录和合同范本,请对方确认,并确定正式签订合同时间六、准备谈判资料相关法律资料:《中华人民共和国合同法》、《国际合同法》、《国际货物买卖合同公约》、《经济合同法》备注:《合同法》违约责任第一百零七条当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定的,应当承担继续履行、采取补救措施或者赔偿损失等违约责任联合国《国际货物买卖合同公约》规定:不可抗力是指不可抗力是指不能预见、不能避免并不能克服的客观情况合同范同、背景资料、对方信息资料、技术资料、财务资料(见附录和幻灯片资料)八、制定应急预案双方是第一次进行商务谈判,彼此不太了解。

商务谈判对话英文版

(一)The seller Miss Lin representing Huaxin Trading Co. Ltd.The buyer Miss Cai representing James Brown & SonsA: Good morning, Miss Cai. Glad to meet you.B: Good morning, Miss Lin. It’s very nice to see you in person. Let me introduce my colleagues to you. This is my manager, Miss Cai.A: How do you do? Miss Cai.B: How do you do? Mr. Wang. Nice to meet you.B: ……And this is Mr. Cai. He is in charge of sales department. This is Miss Huang. She is in charge of business with clients.A: Nice to meet you, Mr. Cai, Miss Huang.B: Nice to meet you, Miss Lin.A: How are thing going?B: Everything is nice.A: I hope through your visit we can settle the price for our Chinaware, and conclude the business before long.B: I think so, Miss Lin. We came here to talk to you about our requirements of HX Series Chinaware. Can you show us your price-list and catalogues?A: We’ve specially made out a price-list which cover those items most popular on your market. Here you are.B: Oh, it’s very considerate of you. If you’ll excuse me, I’ll go over your price-list right now.A: Take your time, Miss Cai.B: Oh, Mr. Wang. After going over your price-list and catalogues, we are interested in Art No. HX1115 and No. HX1128, but we found that your price are too high than those offered by other suppliers. It would be impossible for us to push any sales at such high prices.A: I’m sorry to hear that. You must know that the cost of production has risen a great deal in recent year while our prices of Chinaware basically remain unchanged. To be frank, our commodities have always come up to our export standard and the packages are excellent designed and printed. So our products are moderately priced.B: I’m afraid I can’t agree with you in this respect. I know that your products are attractive in design, but I wish to point out that your offers are higher than some of the quotations. I’ve received from your competitors in other countries. So, your price is not competitive in this market.A: Miss Cai. As you may know, our products which is of high quality have found a good market in many countries. So you must take quality into consideration, too.B: I agree with what you say, but the price difference should not be so big. If you want to get the order, you’ll have to lower the price. That’sreasonable, isn’t it?A: Well, in order to help you develop business in this line, we may consider making some concessions in your price, but never to that extent. B: If you are prepared to cut down your prices by 8%, we might come to terms.A: 8%? I’m a fraid you are asking too much. Actually, we have never gave such lower price. For friendship’s sake we may exceptionally consider reducing the price by 5%. This is the highest reduction we can afford. B: You certainly have a way of talking me into it. But I wonder if when we place a larger order, you’ll farther reduce your prices. I want to order one container of HX1115 and 438 sets of HX1128.A: Miss Cai, I can assure you that our price is most favourable. We are sorry to say that we cannot bring our price down to a still lower level. B: OK. I accept. Now, let’s talk about the terms of payment. Would you accept D/P? I hope it will be acceptable to you.A: The terms of payment we usually adopt are sight L/C.B: But I think it would be beneficial to both of us to adopt more flexible payment terms such as D/P term.A: Payment by L/C is our usual practice of doing business with all customers for such commodities. I’m sorry, we can’t accept D/P terms. B: As for regular orders in future, couldn’t you agree to D/P?A: Sure. After several smooth transactions, we can try D/P terms.B: Well, as for shipment, the soon the better.A: Yes. Shipment is to be made in April, not allowing partial shipment. B: OK. I see. How about packing the goods?A: We’ll pack HX1115 in carton of one set each, HX1128 in cases of one set each, two cases to a carton.B: I suggest the goods packed in cardboard boxes, it’s more attractive than cartons. Do you think so?A: Well. I hope the packing will be attractive, too.B: For transaction concluded on CIF basis, insurance is to be covered by the sellers for 110% of invoice value against WPA. Clash & Breakage and War Risk.A: This term less these goods should damage in transit. I agree with it. B: I’m glad we have brought this transaction to a successful conclusion and hope this will be the beginning of other business in the future. Let’s confirm these items we concluded at the moment.A: Yes. We concluded as follows: 542 sets of HX1115 at the price of USD 23.50 per set to be packed in cardboard boxes of one set each and to be shipped CIFC5 Toronto; 438 sets of HX1128 at the price of USD 14.50 per set to be packed in case of one set each, two cases to a cardboard box and to be shipped CIFC5 Toronto.B: All right. By the way, when can I expect to sign the S/C?A: Miss Cai, Would it convenient for you to come again tomorrowmorning. I’ll get the S/C ready tomorrow for your signature.B: That’s fine. See you tomorrow. Goodbye, Miss Lin.A: See you and thanks for coming, Miss Cai.(二)A The seller: Miss Li representing Huaxin Trading Company LimitedB The buyer: Mr. Huang representing James Brown & SonsA: Good morning, Mr. Huang. Glad to meet you.B: Good morning, Miss Li. Glad to meet you, too. It is my first time to visit Shanghai. Shanghai has been known to me as an interaction port city before I came here.A: We always take attention to establish business relations with the new clients in other countries. I wish we will have a good time this morning. B: I come here to visit you hoping to have a discussion with you on the purchase of your HX Series chinaware.A: Which Art. No. are you interested in?B: HX1115 and HX1128.A: Which price terms do you prefer, FOB, CFR, or CIF?B: CIF.A: The price of HX1115 is USD 24.19 per set CIF Toronto. The price of HX1128 is USD 14.93 per set CIF Toronto. It is understood that the above prices are net, without any commission.B: I am afraid it goes against the usual commercial practice not to allow acommission.A: We are prepared to grant you a 5% commission. 442 sets of HX1115 at the price of USD 24.68 per set CIFC5 Toronto; 338 sets of HX1128 at the price of USD 15.23 per set CIFC5 Toronto.B: I’m afraid your prices appear unworkable.A: I am assuring you that our prices are most favorable. A trial sale will unvoiced you of my words.B: Unless the prices could match with the market level, it is difficult to persuade customers to purchase with you. In order to conclude the transaction, I think you should reduce your price to USD 23.00 per set of HX1115. Will you consider cutting down your price to USD 14.20 per set of HX1128.A: As the raw material has advanced by 10% during the last few months and the prices are going up, owing to the rise in the cost of raw materials. We can’t accept this prices.B: I think it unwise for both of us to insist on his own prices. Can we each make some concession, say, the price of HX1115 is USD 23.50 per set CIFC5 Toronto; the price of HX1128 is USD 14.50 CIFC5 Toronto?A: If we accept your prices, we will not leave a little of margin of profit. B: I am afraid we have to call the whole deal off if you still insist on your original quotation.A: Well for friendship’s sake, we are prepared to make a 5% reduction ifyour order is big enough. Our minimum quantity is a 20’ container for each article.B: Our quantities are 542 sets of HX1115 and 438 sets of HX1128.A: OK.B: Shall we have a talk about terms of payment now?A: Our usual payment terms are by confirmed, irrevocable L/C payable by sight draft against presentation of shipping documents and to reach us 30 days before the month of shipment.B: To open an L/C will cause us a great deal of difficult. It’s expensive to open an L/C and ties up the capital of a company like ours. So it’s better for us to adopt D/P or D/A.A: L/C at sight is our usual payment terms.B: It is better for us to adopt D/P at sight than L/C at sight.A: We have never granted D/P terms to any new clients. So we hope you can accept the L/C terms. After several smooth transactions, we can try other terms.B: We can’t help it if you insist requiring payment by L/C at sight. By the way, what cover will you take out?A: The insurance is to be covered by us for 110% of invoice value against WPA Clash & Breakage and War Risks as per the Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of PICC (1981.1.1).B: All right. How would you pack the goods?A: HX1115 is to be packed in cartons of one set each. HX1128 is to be packed in cases of one set each, two cases to a carton.B: I hope the packing will be attractive. Nice packing helps find a market. Please give special attention to the packing or the goods could be damaged in transit.A: All right.B: When is shipment to be made?A: Shipment is to be made before or on April 30, 1998.B: We have to point out that the goods are not allowing partial shipment. A: OK. By the way, what are the Ports of Shipment & Destination?B: Shanghai and Toronto.A: I’m glad we have brought this transaction to a successful conclusion and hope this will be the forerunner of other business in the future.B: All right. I accept your offer of 542 sets of HX1115 at the price of USD 23.50 per set, and 438 sets of HX1128 at the price of USD 14.50 per set. Shipment is to be made no later than April 30, 1998 after receipt of L/C and not allowing partial shipment. The Ports of Shipment & Destination are from Shanghai to Toronto. HX1115 is to be packed in cartons of one set each and HX1128 is to be packed in cases of one set each, two cases to a carton. The payment terms are by L/C at sight. Insurance is to be covered by you for 110% of invoice value against WPA Clash & Breakage and War Risks as per the Ocean Marine Cargo Clausesof PICC (1981.1.1).A: That’s right. I will get the Sales Confirmation re ady tomorrow for your signature. Would it be convenient for you to come again tomorrow morning?B: OK. We expect to find a good market for your goods and hope to place further and large orders with you in the near future. See you tomorrow morning.A: See you.。

《商务谈判》模拟试卷二答案

《商务谈判》模拟试卷二一、【单项选择题】1、国际商务谈判中,非人员风险主要有政治风险、自然风险和()。

[A] 技术风险[B] 市场风险[C] 经济风险[D] 素质风险2、在国际商务谈判中,前往不能赠送酒类当做礼品的国家()。

[A] 美国[B] 英国[C] 法国[D] 阿拉伯3、谈判中以与别人保持良好关系为满足的谈判心理属于是()。

[A] 进取型[B] 关系型[C] 权力型[D] 自我型4、商务谈判各方最终获利的大小,取决于谈判各方的()能力。

[A] 交流能力[B] 判断市场能力[C] 讨价还价能力[D] 实力和谈判能力5、在谈判过程中,谈判人员在进行一系列谈判行为决策时,最首要的工作是()。

[A] 谈判的目标[B] 谈判的进程[C] 谈判的结果[D] 谈判的价格6、在谈判中,规定一个最终回复期限,但超过这个期限,谈判就自动终止的策略是()。

[A] 空城计策略[B] 挡箭牌策略[C] 声东击西策略[D] 最后通牒策略7、处于迟疑中的谈判者的心理特征是()。

[A] 不自信[B] 极端讨厌被人说服[C] 具有强烈的自我意识[D] 容易激动8、日本人的谈判风格一般表现为()。

[A] 直截了当[B] 不讲面子[C] 等级观念弱[D] 集团意识强9、谈判中最为纷繁多变,也是经常发生破裂的阶段是谈判()。

[A] 初期[B] 中期[C] 协议期[D] 后期10、谈判目标是谈判者行动的()。

[A] 具体内容[B] 具体步骤[C] 谈判策略[D] 指针和方向二、【多项选择题】11、若谈判者双足交叉而坐,则表明其内心( )。

[A] 焦虑[B] 自信[C] 压制情绪[D] 防范12、在谈判中要想说服对方,要赢得对方的信任,可以寻找双方共同点来进行交流。

其方法有()。

[A] 寻找工作上的共同点[B] 寻找生活上的共同点[C] 寻找兴趣爱好的共同点[D] 寻找共同熟悉的第三者13、一个合格的谈判组成员应该具有以下哪些品质()。

商务谈判(第6版)中文版ppt 第2章

• 降低谈判结果对对方的吸引力 • 表面上提高对方达到谈判目标的成本 • 将自己的需求和立场变得让对方觉得
更有吸引力或更没吸引力,以此改变 对方的感知
2-16
控制延迟或终止谈判所造成的 实际损失
• 制造混乱
– 增加谈判延迟给对方带来的损失
• 与局外人合作
– 引入(或威胁将要引入)能够引导谈判结果 对己方有利的第三方
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
第2章 分配式谈判的战略与战术
每个谈判者都应该熟悉分配式谈判
1. 相互依赖的情境需要谈判者了解如何 进行分配式谈判,才能取得较好的谈 判结果;
量信息)
2-26
本章小结
谈判者需要: • 确定清晰的目标点和抵抗点 • 了解并改善最佳替代方案 • 以恰当的初始报价开始谈判 • 做出适当的让步 • 掌握承诺过程的节奏
2-27
2-5
抵抗点
分配式谈判情境
目标点
甲方:卖家
要价
最初报价
乙方:买家
目标点
抵抗点
2-6
替代方案在谈判中的作用
• 替代方案赋予谈判者退出谈判的能 力:
– 如果替代方案很有吸引力,那么谈判者 就可以:
• 把目标设定得高一些 • 做出的让步少一些
– 如果没有好的替代方案,那么:
• 谈判者就没有多少讨价还价的能力
2-7
分配式谈判情境
抵抗点
目标点
替代方案
甲方:卖家
要价
最初报价
乙方:买家
目标点
替代方案 抵抗点

商务谈判的五个阶段

商务谈判的五个阶段商务谈判的五个阶段商务谈判是指人们为了协调彼此之间的商务关系,满足各自的商务需求,通过协商对话以争取达成某项商务交易的行为和过程。

商务谈判的五个阶段包括哪些内容,一起来看看!第一阶段(试探性沟通):1、准备洽谈桌上风云变幻莫测,洽谈者要想左右洽谈的局势,就必须做好各项的准备工作。

这样才能在洽谈中随机应变,灵活处理各种突发问题,从而避免洽谈中利益冲突的激化。

所谓“知己知彼,百战不殆”。

在商务洽谈活动中,对有关的信息的收集、整理非常重要,搜集的信息越多、分析得越彻底,就越具备洽谈环境的把握能力,洽谈的可能性就越大。

在洽谈准备过程中,洽谈者要在对自身情况作全面分析的同时,设法全面了解洽谈对手的情况。

自身分析主要是通过对拟洽谈的进行可行性研究。

了解对手的情况主要包括对手的实力、资信状况,对手所在国(地区)的.政策、法规、商务习俗、风土人情以及洽谈对手的洽谈人员状况等等。

干货(准备内容):1)对方公司经营范围信息2)注册时间、经营时间、3)法人、股东(学校、人脉等)、投资机构4)对外投资5)企业相关新闻6)汇总(公司、高管)关系图谱7)风土人情等其他2、开局破冰(信任到位)主要是指双方见面后,在进入具体交易内容讨论之前,互相见面、介绍、寒暄以及就洽谈内容以外的话题进行交谈的那段时间和过程。

目的通过前期的准备资料得到对方认可和初步信任。

3、摸底判断双方初步洽谈后,开始摸底,这一步是“高手间比武前对视”的较量,在于度的拿捏。

第二阶段(价值传递):1、正向价值合作优势,阐述产品优势带动对方积极性,促使顺利合作。

2、负向价值1)传递如果不能形成合作将会出现的问题,旁敲侧击,连敲带打。

2)如对方发现我方不足,除原则性问题承认外,需极力掩护目前问题,并积极传递正向价值。

第三阶段(讨价还价):1、询价(询问条件)2、比价(对比条件)3、报价(提报条件)4、议价(商议条件)5、定价(确定条件)6、持价(坚持条件)第三阶段,不仅适用于产品买卖,还适用于产品的合作(不产生价格因素的商务洽谈),价格的较量也是条件磋商的较量。

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