(总结)动词被动语态
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动词的被动语态
英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者,叫做主动语态;主语是动作的承受者,叫做被动语态。
例如:
We swept the floor.
我们打扫了地板。(主动语态)
The floor was swept.
地板被打扫过。(被动语态)
1.1、被动语态的构成
1)被动语态是由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。
be有人称,数和时态的变化,其变化规则与其作为连系动词的be的变化完全一样。
a被动语态的肯定句
Apple trees are planted in the south.
苹果树不种在南方。
b被动语态的否定句
The building hasn't been completed.
这座建筑物没有竣工。
c被动语态的一般疑问句
被动语态的一般疑问句的结构是:Be+主语+过去分词(vt)+(by+宾语)
Are they made in China? Yes, they are.
它们是中国制造的吗?是的,是中国制造的。
Was the museum built in 1993? No, it was built in 1986.
这座博物馆是在1993年建成的吗?不,它是在1986年建成的。
d 被动语态的特殊疑问句
被动语态的特殊疑问句的结构是:疑问词+be+主语+过去分词(vt)。
What is the machine used for? It is used for making paper.
这台机器用来作什么?它是用来造纸的。
Where were the car made? They were made in China.
这些小汽车是哪里制造的?它们是中国制造的。
2)被动语态的几种时态形式(以动词ask为例):
1.一般现在时
结构:主语+am / is / are + 过去分词
主动句:She cleans her room every day.
被动句:Her room is cleaned (by her) every day. (肯定句)
否定句:Her room isn’t cleaned (by her) every day.
一般疑问句:Is her room cleaned (by her) every day?
注意:被动句的be助动词的变化应按被动句中新主语的人称和数而变化,其时态应与主动句的时态一致.
2.一般过去时
结构:主语+was / were +过去分词
主动句:The workers made the VCD last week.
被动句:The VCD was made by the workers last week.(肯定句)
否定句: The VCD wasn’t made by the workers last w eek.
一般疑问句:Was the VCD made by the workers last week?
3. 一般将来时
结构:主语+will be + 过去分词
主动句:My father will send me to America soon.
肯定句:I will be sent to America by my father soon.
否定句:I won’t be sent to America by my father soon.
一般疑问句:Will you be sent to America by your father soon?
4. 过去将来时
结构:主语+would be + 过去分词
主动句:He said he would punish the naughty boy tonight.
肯定句:He said the naughty boy would be punished by him tonight.
否定句:He said the naughty boy wouldn’t be punished by him tonight.
5. 现在进行时
结构:主语+am / is / are + being + 过去分词
主动句:He is telling a story now.
肯定句:A story is being told by him now.
否定句:A story isn’t being told by him now.
一般疑问句:Is a story being told by him now?
6. 过去进行时
结构:主语+was / were + being + 过去分词
主动句:He was telling a story when I came in.
肯定句:A story was being told by him when I came in.
否定句:A story wasn’t being told by him when I came in.
一般疑问句:Was a story being told by him when I came in?
7. 现在完成时
结构:主语+have / has +been + 过去分词
主动句: The boy has finished the work.
肯定句: The work has been finished by the boy.
否定句: The work hasn’t been finished by the boy.
一般疑问句: Has the work been finished by the boy?
8. 过去完成时
结构:主语+ had + been + 过去分词
主动句: They had built ten buildings by 2003.
肯定句: Ten buildings had been built by them by 2003.
否定句: Ten buildings hadn’t been built by them by 2003.
一般疑问句: Had ten buildings been built by them by 2003?
1.2、什么时候使用被动语态
1)在没有指明动作的执行者的情况下。
The meeting was held last week.
会议上周召开了。
English is taught in all middle schools.
所有中学都开设英语课。