机械工程英语Unit 1 Advanced Engineering Materials
(完整版)1机械工程专业英语第一课-1
机械工程专业英语第一课机械工程专业英语概述English in Mechanical Engineering一、专业英语概述1. 什么是翻译：翻译就是将一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。
机械工程英语翻译就是将机械工程学科的英语原著由原作语言(source language)用译文语言(target language)忠实、准确、严谨、通顺、完整地再现出来，使人们能够借助汉语译文准确无误地了解英语机械工程著作所阐述的工程技术内容和科学理论。
机械工程专业英语概述English in Mechanical Engineering2. 翻译例句例1. Control Center, Smoking Free.例2. The tolerance should not be so big.例3. A dog driver stop the rotation of the wheel. 例4. Connect the black pigtail with thedog-house.例5. The importance of computer in the use of manufacturing can not be overestimated. 机械工程专业英语概述English in Mechanical Engineering例1. Control Center, Smoking Free.错误译法：控制中心，吸烟自由。
正确译法：控制中心，严禁吸烟。
例2. The tolerance should not be so big.a. 此公差不应给这么大。
（机械学）b. 忍耐力不会有这么大。
(关于人体的耐受性)c. 抗毒性不会有这么强。
（医学）例3. A dog driver stop the rotation of the wheel. 错误译法：狗驾驶员使轮子停转。
专业译法：止动器使轮子停止旋转。
机械工程英语第2版叶邦彦Unit1
机械⼯程英语第2版叶邦彦Unit1Unit1 Advanced Engineering MaterialsTypes of materialsBy state：solid, liquid, or gasBy living：organic, inorganicBy industrial purposes：engineering materials.nonengineering materials.Engineering materialsused in manufacture and become parts of products.Nonengineering materialschemicals, fuels, lubricants, and other materials used inthe manufacturing process, which do not become part of the product.Engineering materials may be further subdivided into:MetalsCeramics(陶瓷)Composite(复合材料)Polymers(聚合体)othersMetals and Metal AlloysMetalsare elements that generally have good electrical and thermal conductivity.Many metals have high strength,high stiffness,and have good ductility.Some metals,such as iron,cobalt and nickel are magnetic（adj.有磁性的）.At extremely low temperatures,some metals and intermetallic compounds(⾦属间化合物)become superconductors.Differences between a metal alloy and a pure metalPure metals are elements which come from aparticular area of the periodic table.Examples：1. copper in electrical wires2. aluminum in cooking foil and beverage cans.Metal Alloys contain more than one metallic element.Their properties can be changed by changing the elements present in the alloy.Examples ：1. stainless steel which is an alloy of iron, nickel, andchromium;2. gold jewelry which usually contains an alloy of goldand nickel.Some important properties of metalsDensity is defined as a material's mass divided by its volume. Most metals have relatively high densities,especially compared to polymers.Materials with high densities often contain atoms with high atomic numbers,such as gold or lead.However,some metals such as aluminum or magnesium have low densities,and are used in applications that require other metallic properties but also require low weight.Fracture Toughness can be described as a material‘s ability to avoid fracture,especially when a flaw is introduced.Plastic deformation is the ability of a material to bend or deform before breaking.As engineers,we usually design materials so that they don't deform under normal conditions.You don't want your car to lean to the east after a strong west wind.However, sometimes we can take advantage of(利⽤)plastic deformation.Alloys are compounds consisting of more than one metal. Adding other metals can affect the density, strength, fracture toughness, plastic deformation, electrical conductivity and environmental degradation.For example, adding a small amount of iron to aluminum will make it stronger. Also, adding some chromium to steel will slow the rusting process, but will make it more brittle.The atomic bonding of metalsIn metals, the outer valence electrons are shared among all atoms, and are free to travel everywhere. Since electrons conduct heatand electricity, metals make good cooking pans and electricalwires. It is impossible to see through metals, since these valence electrons absorb any photons of light which reach the metal .[2]No photons pass through.Ceramics and GlassesA ceramic is often broadly defined as any inorganic nonmetallic material. By this definition, ceramic materials would also include glasses; however, many materials scientists add the stipulation (n.约定, 约束, 契约) that "ceramics" must also be crystalline.A glass is an inorganic nonmetallic material that does not have a crystalline (晶体) structure. Such materialsare said to be amorphous (⾮晶体).Properties of Ceramics and Glassesusual properties :high melting temperature, low density, high strength, stiffness, hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.special properties:electrical and thermal insulators;magnetic materials;piezoelectric materials;superconductors at very low temperatures.Ceramics and glasses have one major drawback : they are brittle.Ceramics FormingCeramics are not typically formed from the melt. This is because most ceramics will crack extensively (i.e. form a powder)upon cooling from the liquid state. Hence, all the simple and efficient manufacturing techniques used for glass production such as casting and blowing, which involve the molten state, cannot be used for the production of crystalline ceramics.Sintering——ceramic powders are processed into compacted shapes and then heated to temperatures just below the melting point. At such temperatures, the powders react internally to remove porosity and fully dense articles can be obtained.Application ——An optical fiberAn optical fiber contains three layers:a core made of highly pure glass with a high refractive index for the light to travel,a middle layer of glass with a lower refractive index known as the cladding which protects the core glass from scratches and other surface imperfections,and an outer polymer jacket to protect the fiber from damage.[4]In order for the core glass to have a higher refractive index than the cladding,the core glass is doped with a small,controlled amount of an impurity,or dopant,which causes light to travel s l o w e r,b u t d o e s n o t a b s o r b t h e l i g h t.Because the refractive index of the core glass is greater than that of the cladding,light traveling in the core glass will remain in the core glass due to total internal reflection as long as the light strikes the core/cladding interface at an angle greater than the critical angle.The total internal reflection phenomenon,as well as the high purity of the core glass,enables light to travel long distances with little loss of intensity.Two types of CompositesFiber Reinforced Composites Particle Reinforced CompositesFiber Reinforced CompositesReinforcing fibers makeup：can be made of metals, ceramics, glasses, or polymers that havebeen turned into graphite and known as carbon fibers.Fibers advantages：increase the modulus of the matrix material. The strong covalent bonds along the fiber's length gives them a very high modulus inthis direction because to break or extend the fiber the bonds must also be broken or moved.Fibers disadvantage：As it is difficult to process into composites，making fiber-reinforced composites relatively expensive.Fiber-reinforced composites are used in some of the most advanced, and therefore most expensive, sports equipment, such as a time-trial racing bicycle frame which consists of carbon fibers in a thermoset polymer matrix. Body parts of race cars and some automobiles are composites made of glass fibers in a thermoset matrix.。
APS 机械大类 审核各科整理
第一学期1 EnglishIn English class, our teacher often played for us some of the English material, such as the BBC and VOA, sometimes to play some good English movies, to improve our ability. For example, I was very impressed by “princess diary”, I don’t think it’s only a comedy, I learn something from the princess—Mia, that is, kind, friendly and confidence can make a person more perfect.在英语课上，老师经常给我们的一些，如英国广播公司（BBC）和美国之音的英语教材，有时玩一些好的英语电影，以提高我们的能力。
例如，我感到非常深刻的印象，“公主日记”我不认为这只是一部喜剧，我学习的公主米娅，那就是，善良，友好和信心，可以让一个人变得更完美。
3 Advanced mathematics 高等数学This is a mathematic foundation course focus mainly on the calculus. We learned about functions, limits, derivatives, differentiation and integration. We also learned the application of these methods.这是一个数学基础课程的重点主要是在演算。
我们了解的功能，限制，衍生工具，分化和整合。
我们还了解到，这些方法的应用。
4 Engineering Drawing 工程制图This course is about how to communicate all needed information of a designed part from engineer to the worker who will make it.。
机械工程英语Unit 1 Advanced Engineering Materials
Unit 1Advanced Engineering Material先进的工程材料Type of materials材料的分类Materials may be grouped several ways. Scientists often classify materials by their state: solid, liquid, or gas. Theyalso separate them into organic (once living ) and inorganic (never living) materials.材料的分类方式有好几种。
科学家们通常是根据固体，液体，或者气体来区分的，他们有时候也是将材料分为有机物（可再生的）和无机物（不可再生的）。
For industrial purpose，materials are divided into engineering materials or nonengineering materials. Engineering materials are those used in manufacture and become parts of products. Nonengineering materials are the chemicals, fuels, lubricants（润滑剂）, and other materials used in the manufacturing process, which do not become partof the product.从工业的角度来看，材料可以分为工程材料和非工程材料，工程材料是用于生产组成，它是零件的一部分。
非工程材料是化工，燃料，润滑剂和其他用于生产的材料，它们不是零件的组成部分。
Engineering materials may be further subdivided into：①Metals ②Ceramics（陶瓷）③Composite ④Polymers （高分子材料）, etc.工程材料可进一步细化为1、金属。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业课程中英文翻译
机械设计制造及其自动化军训及军事理论Military Training and Military Theory计算机实用基础2 Introduction to Computer Application大学英语College English体育Physical Education工科数学分析2 Advanced Mathematics代数与几何 2 Linear Algebra Advanced Algebra and Geometry思想道德修养与法律基础Ideological and Moral Cultivation and Law Basics大学英语College English体育大学物理2 College Physics工科数学分析2C语言程序设计 C Language中国近现代史纲要Modern History of China法语二外（上）The Second Foreign Language French工业造型设计Modeling Design of Industrial Products大学英语College English大学物理2 College Physics大学物理实验1 Experiment in College Physics概率论与数理统计Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics电工技术1 Electrical Engineering电工与电子技术综合实验1 Experiment for Electrical and Electronic Engineering工程图学（CAD）1 Mechanical Graphing理论力学1 Theoretical Mechanics工程力学实验1 Experiment for Engineering Mechanics毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论Introduction to Mao Zedong Thoughts, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the Important Thought of "Three Represents"文化素质教育系列讲座Cultural quality education lectures体育西方文明简史History of western civilization Introduction to Functional Materials机械原理课程设计Course Exercise of Mechanical Principle工程训练（金工实习）engineering training Metal Working Practice大学物理实验1电子技术1 Electronic Engineering电工与电子技术综合实验1机械原理Principle of Mechanics Mechanical Principles工程图学（CAD）1工程力学实验（材力）1材料力学1 Mechanics of Materials马克思主义基本原理Principles of Marxism文化素质教育系列讲座文化素质教育系列讲座体育项目管理Project Management法语二外（下）法语入门1机械设计课程设计Course Exercise in Mechanical Design工程训练（电子工艺实习）electronic process practice Practice on Electronic Working Techniques互换性与测量技术基础Basic Technology of Exchangeability Measurement工程流体力学Engineering Fluid Mechanics自动控制原理3 Automatic Control Theory电工学新技术实践The new technology of electronics practice机械设计Mechanical Design工程材料成型技术基础Engineering material molding technology机械工程材料Engineering Materials文化素质教育系列讲座文化素质教育系列讲座创新设计与制作Innovation design and production复变函数与积分变换Complex Function Functions of Complex V ariables & Integral Transformation社会热点问题评价evaluation of social issues知识产权"Intellectual Property Law"认识实习Cognition Practice制造系统自动化技术Automation of Mechanical Manufacture System传热学Heat Transfer文化素质教育系列讲座机电控制系统分析与设计Mechanical-Electrical Control system数控技术Numerical Control Technology机械制造装备设计Machinery manufacturing equipment design液压传动Hydraulic Transmission测试技术与仪器Measurement Fundamentals & Meter Design Measurement Fundamentals & Meter Design机械制造技术基础foundation of machine manufacturing technology综合课程设计1 Comprehensive Course Exercise生产实习Production Practice Field Practice现代机械设计方法The modern machinery design method机械动态设计Mechanical Dynamic Design机械结构有限元分析Finite Element of Mechanical Structures Finite Element Analysis and Programming Finite Element Analysis for Mechanical Structures机电系统智能化控制技术（双语Mechanical and electrical system intelligent control technology 综合课程设计2机械优化设计Optimum Design of MachineryMechanical Optimum Design毕业设计Graduation Thesis工程测试技术Engineering Testing Technique。
《机械专业英语unit》课件
Example analysis
Case Studies
Analyze real world case studies to demonstrate practical applications of mechanical writing
Compare and Contrast
Compare different writing styles and techniques to identify best practices
Standard expression: Mechanical English requires standardized and rigorous expression, in accordance with industry standards.
02
Common vocabulary and expressions in mechanical engineering English
Language accuracy
Use precision language and avoid technical errors
Clarity
Use simple language and avoid jargon to ensure the reader easily understands the content
Writing Standards
01
02
03
04
APA Style: Follow the American Psychological Association (APA) style guide for formatting and citations
APA Style: Follow the American Psychological Association (APA) style guide for formatting and citations
机械工程英语(Part1U)
Lathe - A machine tool that rotates a workpiece while cutting tools are applied to shape it.
Sander - A power tool used to sand or polish surfaces, often made of sandpaper or emery paper.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
The law that states that entropy in a closed system always increases.
Combustion Thermodynamics
The study of the conversion of fuel into energy.
Mechanical Engineering English (Part 1)
目录
• Overview of Mechanical Engineering
• Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering
• English vocabulary for mechanical engineering
Fracture Mechanics The study of the failure of materials due to applied stress.
Thermodynamics
First Law of Thermodynamics
The law that states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can be transformed from one form to another.
机械工程英语第一课
Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in Mechanics The branch of scientific analysis which deals with motions, time, and forces is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics. Statics deals with the analysis of stationary systems, i.e., those in which time is not a factor, and dynamics deals with systems which change with time.对运动、时间和作用力进行科学分析的分支称为力学。
它由静力学和动力学两部分组成。
静力学对静止系统进行分析，即在其中不考虑时间这个因素，动力学对随时间而变化的系统进行分析。
Forces are transmitted into machine members through mating surfaces, e. g., from a gear to a shaft or from one gear through meshing teeth to another gear, from a V belt to a pulley, or from a cam to a follower. It is necessary to know the magnitudes of these forces for a variety of reasons. The distribution of the forces at the boundaries or mating surfaces must be reasonable, and their intensities must be within the working limits of the materials composing the surfaces. For example, if the force operating on a journal bearing becomes too high, it will squeeze out the oil film and cause metal－to－metal contact, overheating, and rapid failure of the bearing. If the forces between gear teeth are too large, the oil film may be squeezed out from between them. This could result in flaking and spalling of the metal, noise, rough motion, and eventual failure. In the study of mechanics we are principally interested in determining the magnitude, direction, and location of the forces.力通过接触表面传到机器中的各构件上。
机械工程专业英语课件--L01
Mechanical Efficiency is the ratio of work input to work output. It is often expressed as a percentage. The efficiency of an ideal machine is 100 % but an actual machine's efficiency will always be less than 100% because of the Second law of thermodynamics which states that the quality of energy will decay, eventually becoming heat. This means that some of the work put into the system is transformed (lost) into thermal energy (heat). In a mechanical system, friction is the most common cause of the work lost to heat.
A baseball pitcher does positive work on the ball by transferring energy into it .
预备知识
机械工程专业英语
Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in Mechanics 一、Background Information
kilograms.
课文分析
机械工程专业英语
Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in Mechanics One common device is an inclined plane--- in this case, a loading ramp that slopes from the ground to the
《机械工程专业英语教程》课文翻译
机械工程专业英语教程第一课：机械工程简介Introduction to Mechanical EngineeringSection 1: OverviewMechanical engineering is a diverse and dynamic field that encompasses the design, development, and operation of machinery, structures, and systems. This branch of engineering plays a crucial role in various industries, including automotive, aerospace, manufacturing, and energy.Section 2: Responsibilities and SkillsAs a mechanical engineer, your responsibilities will include designing and analyzing mechanical systems, conducting tests and experiments, and supervising the manufacturing process. You will also need to have a strong understanding of physics, mathematics, and computer-aided design (CAD). Additionally, problem-solving skills, attention to detail, and the ability to work well in teams are essential.Section 3: Career OpportunitiesA degree in mechanical engineering can open up a wide range of career opportunities. You could work in research and development, product design, manufacturing, or projectmanagement. Mechanical engineers are in demand in almost every industry, ensuring a stable and rewarding career path.Section 4: University CoursesTo become a mechanical engineer, it is essential to pursue a degree in mechanical engineering from a reputable university. The curriculum typically includes courses in engineering principles, materials science, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and mechanical design. Additionally, practical training through internships or cooperative education programs is crucial for gaining hands-on experience.Section 5: ConclusionMechanical engineering offers a challenging and rewarding career for those with a passion for solving problems and a desire to create innovative solutions. With the right education and skills, you can embark on a successful journey in the field of mechanical engineering. Remember, the possibilities are endless in this ever-evolving discipline.第二课：机械设计基础Fundamentals of Mechanical DesignSection 1: IntroductionIn this lesson, we will explore the fundamentals of mechanical design. Mechanical design involves the creation and development of physical systems and components that meet specific requirements and specifications. This processrequires a deep understanding of materials, mechanics, and engineering principles.Section 2: Design ProcessThe design process typically follows a systematic approach that includes several stages. These stages include problem identification, conceptual design, detailed design, manufacturing, and testing. Each stage involves various activities such as brainstorming, prototyping, and evaluation.Section 3: Design ConsiderationsDuring the design process, there are several important considerations to keep in mind. These include functionality, efficiency, reliability, safety, and cost-effectiveness. It is also crucial to consider the environmental impact and sustainability of the design.Section 4: Tools and SoftwareTo aid in the design process, engineers use various tools and software. Computer-aided design (CAD) software allows for precise modeling and simulation of mechanical systems. Finite element analysis (FEA) software helps in analyzing the structural integrity and performance of designs.Section 5: Case StudyTo further understand the application of mechanical design principles, we will examine a case study. This real-world example will demonstrate how the design process isimplemented to solve a specific problem and achieve desired outcomes.Section 6: ConclusionMechanical design is a critical aspect of mechanical engineering. It requires a combination of creativity, technical knowledge, and attention to detail. By mastering the fundamentals of mechanical design, you will be well-equippedto tackle complex challenges and contribute to the development of innovative solutions.以上是《机械工程专业英语教程》的课文翻译。
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Unit 1Advanced Engineering Material先进的工程材料Type of materials材料的分类Materials may be grouped several ways. Scientists often classify materials by their state: solid, liquid, or gas. Theyalso separate them into organic (once living ) and inorganic (never living) materials.材料的分类方式有好几种。
科学家们通常是根据固体，液体，或者气体来区分的，他们有时候也是将材料分为有机物（可再生的）和无机物（不可再生的）。
For industrial purpose，materials are divided into engineering materials or nonengineering materials. Engineering materials are those used in manufacture and become parts of products. Nonengineering materials are the chemicals, fuels, lubricants（润滑剂）, and other materials used in the manufacturing process, which do not become partof the product.从工业的角度来看，材料可以分为工程材料和非工程材料，工程材料是用于生产组成，它是零件的一部分。
非工程材料是化工，燃料，润滑剂和其他用于生产的材料，它们不是零件的组成部分。
Engineering materials may be further subdivided into：①Metals ②Ceramics（陶瓷）③Composite ④Polymers （高分子材料）, etc.工程材料可进一步细化为1、金属。
2、陶瓷。
3、复合材料。
4、高分子材料等。
⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩Metals and Metal Alloys金属和金属合金Metals are elements that generally have good electrical and thermal（热量的）conductivity. Many metals have high strength ,high stiffness, and have good ductility（延展性）. Some metals, such as iron, cobalt and nickel, are magnetic.At extremely low temperatures, some metals and intermetallic compounds become superconductors.金属一般有高的导电能力和热导率，许多金属有很好的强度，高的硬度和好的延展性。
铁钴镍这些金属是有磁性的。
在极低的温度下，有些金属和金属化合物变得超导。
What is the difference between an alloy and a pure metal? 合金和纯金属间的区别是什么呢？Pure metals are elements which come from a particular area of the periodic table.纯金属在化学周期表的特别区域。
Example of pure metals include copper（铜）in electrical wires and aluminumin cooking foil and beverage（饮料）cans. 例如，纯金属包括铜电线和铝制的饮箔和饮料罐头盒。
Alloys contain more than one metallic element.合金不止含有一种金属元素。
Their properties can be changed by changing the elements present in the alloy.目前，可以通过改变合金的组成元素而改变它的一些特性。
Example of metal alloys include stainless steel（不锈钢）which is an alloy of iron, nickel, and chromium（铬）; and gold jewelry which usually contains an alloy of gold and nickel.例如，不锈钢是一种铁合金，它是铁，镍，和铬；还有金项链包括金元素和镍元素。
Why are metals and alloys used? Many metals and alloys have high densities (密度)and are used in applications which require a high mass-to-volume ratio.为什么金属和合金被使用呢，因为许多金属和合金有高的密度，他们用于有高的质量体积比的地方。
Some metals alloys, such as those based on aluminum ,have low densities and are used in aerospace applications for fuel economy. Many alloys also have high fracture toughness（断裂韧性）, which means they can withstand（抵挡）impact and are durable （持久的）.有些金属合金，像铝基合金有低的密度被用于航空航天飞机，可节约燃料。
许多合金有高的断裂韧性，他们可以长久的抵抗冲击。
What are some important properties of metals?金属的重要特点是什么呢？Density(密度) is defined as a material’s mass divided by its volume. Most metals have relatively high densities, especially compared to polymers（高分子）. Materials with high densities often contain atoms with high atomic numbers, such as gold or lead（铅）. However, some metals such as aluminum or magnesium（镁）have low densities, and are used in applications that require other metallic（金属的）, properties but also require low weight.密度是金属的质量除以它的体积得来的。
许多金属有相当高的密度，特别是高分子聚合物，高密度的材料包含高原子量的原子。
例如金或者铅。
铝和镁的合金就具有低的密度，它们用于要求有金属特性，但是重量需要轻的地方。
Fracture toughness（断裂韧性）can be described as material’s ability to avoid fracture, especially when a flaw （瑕疵，缺点）is introduced. 断裂韧性是描述金属避免断裂的能力，特别是有缺陷产生时。
Metals can generally contain nicks（裂纹）and dents（凹陷）without weakening very much, and are impact resistant. 金属即使有划痕和凹陷也比非常的易裂，还是能抵抗冲击。
A football player counts（依赖）this when he trusts that facemask won’t shatter（打碎）.足球运动员就依赖此，他们相信面罩不会轻易的被打碎。
Plastic deformation is the ability of a material to bend or deform变形before breaking. As engineers, we usually design materials so th at they don’t deform under normal conditions.You don’t want your car to lean倾向to the east after a strong west wind. However sometimes we can take advantage of plastic deformation. The crumple褶皱zones in a car absorb energy by undergoing承受plastic deformation before they break.塑性变形是材料在断裂之前弯曲和变形的能力。
作为工程师，设计时通常要使材料在正常条件下不变形。
你不想你的车在一阵西风挂过的时候向东边倾斜。
然而，有时我们也能利用塑性变形。
汽车上压皱的区域在它们断裂前通过经历塑性变形来吸收能量。
The atomic原子的bonding结合of metals also affects their properties. 材料原子的结合方式同样影响其特性。
In metals, the outervalence化合价electrons电子（electron 的复数）are shared among all atoms原子, and are free to travel everywhere.在金属内部，原子的外层阶电子由所有原子共享并能到处自由移动。
Since electrons conduct heat and electricity, metals make good cooking pans and electrical wires.由于电子导热导电，金属可以做出好的炊具和电线。
It is impossible to see through metals, since these valence electrons价电子absorb any photons of light which reach the metal. No photons光子pass through.不可能在金属里面看到导热和导电，因为这些价电子吸收了任何到达金属的光子，没有光子穿透。