国际贸易英语课后翻译

1

(1) International trade can be defined as the exchange of goods and proceeds between the buyer and the seller across countries’boundaries.

(2) Several different models are proposed to predict the trade patterns and analyze the impact of trade policies.

(3) The Netherlands and the United Kingdom were both strong advocates of free trade when they were economically dominant.

(4) Protective tariff is used to prevent foreign business from shipping certain commodities to domestic market.

(5) In order to avoid unnecessary trade failure, we must be familiar with the unique problems of international trade.

2

(1) Negotiation is the process of back-and-forth communication aimed at reaching an agreement.

(2) One may conceive of the four cultural elements mentioned above as forming a series of concentric circle, like the layers of an onion.

(3) Many of the most frequently overlooked sources of value in negotiation arise from differences among the parties.

(4) Differences in cost or revenue structure, tax status, or regulatory arrangements between two parties can be converted into gains for both.

(5) Apart from adopting the other side's culture to adjust to the situation and environment, we can also try to persuade the other side to use elements of our own culture.

3

(1) Duty could be abated or exempted on damaged cargo only after the Customs examination.

(2) The release of animals or plants products should be in accordance with the inspection certificate issued by authorities concerned.

(3) The Customs implement the regulations to prevent and counter smuggling activities.

(4) The supervision and control of cargo and the means of its conveyance is one of the main tasks of Chinese Customs.

(5) The Customs establishments exercise their functions and powers independently in accordance with the law, and are responsible to the Customs General Administration.

4

(1) In order to build the market picture, the exporter has to gather a great variety of information for his decision making.

(2) If the seller fails to fulfill its obligation stipulated in the contract, the buyer is entitled to lodge

a claim.

(3) The seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned goods on terms and conditions stipulated in the contract.

(4) In business law, an acceptance is the assent to the terms of an offer, required before a contract can be valid.

(5) A contract is an agreement that creates an obligation, that is binding, legally enforceable

agreement between two or more competent parties.

7

(1) A Draft involves three parties: drawer, drawee and payee. The contents of a draft must be in conformity with the contract.

(2) Documentary credit is the product of international business and the creation of merchants and bankers.

(3) In the case of transferable L/C, the beneficiary authorized the advising bank or negotiating bank to transfer the right of issuing a draft for the total amount to another person.

(4) As the special needs and desires of sellers and buyers may differ, there are several factors which play a role in the exact type of credit that may be suitable for a particular transaction.

9

(1)In return for a payment known as a premium paid by the insured, the insurer will agree to compensate the insured person in the event of losses during the period of insurance.

(2) Insurance is a process for spreading risks so that the burden of any loss is borne not by the unfortunate individual directly affected but by the total body of persons under consideration. (3) In marine or ocean cargo transportation insurance, risks can be divided into two categories, i.e. general perils of the sea and extraneous risks.

(4) All additional risks can not be covered independently because they should be underwritten depending on one of the basic risks.

(5) When the consignor asks the insurer to cover the constructive total loss, he must present the insurer a notice of abandonment.

13

(1) Exporters should attach great importance to documentation and make sure all documents meet all requirements in order to ensure the smoothness and success of international transactions.

(2) Considering the significance of documentation, it is a must for the exporter to present documents correctly and completely.

(3) Commercial invoices are usually required by all relevant parties involved in the transaction such as buyers, the paying bank, sellers and their bank, customs authorities in the exporting and importing countries, carriers and their agents at the port of shipment and discharge.

(4) Export commodity inspection application is one of the essential domestic documents for the export of many commodities in China.

(5) The seller should fill out a customs declaration, which will be submitted to the Customs or relative authorized institutions.