三林苑居住小区设计构思

112/961 Project: Sanlinyuan Housing Project (Zhonggu Wang) Shanghai, China 1996 070341金涛 As the rapid development of construction of city, the importance of housing building means more and more to the society. “sanlinyuan”, as one of the earlier successful attempt in the design of residential district in shanghai, makes a excellent example to the followed designs. As “sanlinyuan” locates in Pudong area, just 40 minutes far from our university, I took advantage of the opportunity of Dragon Boat Festival and went there to have a deeper research about it when comparing just with the references on the Internet. And in the following essay, I will analyze the design of “sanlinyuan” in detail. 一、 小区外部环境整体设计 For the First, let me analyze the overall design of the external environment for “Sanlinyuan” community. 11 小区整体空间轮廓和建筑外部造型(照片见本期封三) 根据居住区总体规划的要求, 小区住宅全部为多层, 在小区北侧沿街为20 层左右的商办楼, 因此总的空间轮廓是南低北高。此外, 为了丰富小区内部空间, 将多层住宅的层数设计为4～ 7 层, 这样与小区内的一些低层配套公建形成高低错落的空间效果。住宅的屋顶采用双折坡顶, 可充分利用屋顶空间, 小公建力求造型活泼灵巧, 以体现南方特色。建筑局部(如过街楼、过街雨篷、长廊、组团入口等) 采用一些中外传统风格的建筑细部和符号以增强居住环境的历史延续感和海派特色。 For the overall plot outline and building external shape of space, according to the requirements of the overall plan living area, all buildings are the multi-storey residential houses. In the district around the north side of the street is the 20-story commercial office building, so the total space profile is low in the South and high in the North. In addition, in order to enrich interior space in the community, the design of multi-storey residential floors is controlled form 4 to 7 layers, so that with some low-level of the formation of public buildings, they together form high and low spatial effects. The roofs of the houses generally adopts the double fold top of the hill, which makes full use of roof space, seeks to shape public buildings and lively little dexterity to reflect the characteristics of the South. The parts of the Buildings (such as Guojie Lou, awning across the street, gallery, entrance, etc) use some of the traditional style of Chinese and foreign construction details and symbols to enhance the living environment, a sense of historical continuity and Shanghai characteristics. 21 色彩 住宅墙面以淡雅的浅色调为主, 坡屋面为红色或绿色, 2. 2 米高架空层墙面彩用米灰或青灰, 小区公建为单一的白色或红色, 色彩的处理采用大手笔的方式, 宜少不宜多。 For the colors, residential wall is mainly with elegant color tone light, while the sloping roof is in red or green, the 2.2-meter-high elevated wall is mainly painted in gray and the residential public buildings are in a single white or red. The color is dealt with in generous ways, which should be few and not more. 31 绿化种植 小区内绿化以价廉、易长、易管为原则, 少量采用一些形态优美具有色、香、味特色的树种。小区内以草地为主(引进一些四季常青的草种) , 此外, 在小区的一些重要地段, 可放置一些活动的大型花池, 由物业管理公司负责, 随季节变化而更换, 也可发动本村居民参与。 For the Planting, the planting in the community follows the principle that grass should be cheap, easy to grow, easy to control, and only a small number of very elegant tree species would be planted in the community while mainly within the grassland plot. In addition, in some of the important lots in the community, some large flower pools can be placed there for the use of some activities, while in the other hand, it can make the community beautiful. 41 地面铺砌 地面作为城市的第六立面, 历来为人们所重视。小区内以车行道混凝土路面为主, 小汽车停车场拟采用预制漏空混凝土块。漏空外种植草皮, 既增加了绿化复盖率, 又改善了院内的小气候。一些步行广场和林荫步道的地面用传统的天然铺地材料, 如碎花岗岩、鹅卵石、砖和片石等, 也可部分采用预制的彩色混凝土块。 For the ground pavement, ground surface as the six elevation of our city has always been paid much attention on. The road in the District is mainly within the concrete pavements while outside it some grass is planted, which not only increases the green coverage rate, but also improves the microclimate of the yard. Some pedestrian plaza and tree-lined ground path is paved with traditional natural materials such as crushed granite, cobblestone, brick and rubble, etc. 二、提高土地的利用效益 我国人多地少, 城市用地十分紧张, 土地占每平方米住宅的综合造价至少在50% 以上, 因此提高土地的利用效益成为当前量大面广的住宅小区规划与建设的重要课题。但在节地的同时, 不能降低居住环境的质量。 11 采用院落式布置手法, 利用东西两侧的间距。 21 加大住宅进深和适当增加单元拼接长度。 31 采用北向退台和坡顶, 以合理缩小住宅间距。 17 41 降低住宅层高, 从2. 8 米降至2. 7 米。 51 底层设置2. 2 米高架空层, 既提高了土地的利用效益(可设置自行车库, 停放摩托车和小汽车, 布置居委会、小商店、市政用房等。也可作为居民日常休息、交往的开放空间) , 又改善了底层住户的居住条件(特别在上海多雨地区) , 同时也节约了大量底层院子的围墙等设施。 61 在小区公园设地下车库(约可停放200 辆小汽车)。 For the second, the community of “sanlinyuan” improves land use efficiency. As the huge popularity in China, urban land is very tense. Thereby increasing land use efficiency becomes an important issue for contemporary residential district planning and construction. But at the same time in saving land, we cannot lower the quality of living environment. So some methods are discussed out as followed. First, with courtyard layout techniques, we can use the distance between east and west sides. Second, we can Increase the depth of residential units and raise splice length. Third, reasonably reduce the residential space. Forth, lower house story, from 2.8 m down to 2.7 meters. Fifth, at the bottom a 2.2-meter-high elevated level is set, it can improve land use efficiency (it can be stored with bicycles, parked motorcycles and cars, decorated into small shops, municipal buildings and so on while also as space for residents to rest or chat), but also improve the living conditions of the underlying tenants especially in the rainy Shanghai region, while on the