本地化翻译(Localization)：咬文嚼字(简体中文易混淆词汇)
本地化与翻译-以SDL-World-Server为例
➢Translation of Online Help and Documentation ➢Engineering and Testing of Software ➢Screen Captures ➢Help Engineering and DTP of Documentation ➢Processing Updates ➢Product QA and Delivery ➢Project Closure
售前阶段、启动会议、源资料分析、制定计划和预算、术语准备、源资料准备、软件翻 译、在线帮助和文档翻译、软件工程处理和测试、屏幕截图、帮助文档工程处理和文档 排版、工程处理更新、产品质量保证和提交、项目结束等14个环节。
国内翻译公司与本地化公司对比
本地化公司
• 客户：国外客户为主，客户关系紧密 • 专业工具：大量使用专业 • 语种与行业范围：有限语种有限行业 • 业务类型：翻译、工程、排版、测试等 • 翻译流程：可以保证 • 入行门槛：相对高
LISA-Localization Industry Standard Association（本地化行业标准协会）
I18n –Internationalization（国际化）
G11n – Globalization（全球化）
L10n – Localization（本地化）
T9n – Translation（翻译） SLV-Single Language Vendor (单语言服 务提供商 ) EOB-End of Business（下班前） EOD-End of Day（当日） DST-Daylight Saving Time（夏令时） EST-Eastern Standard Time （美国东部时间）
20世纪90年代
passolo 词汇表
passolo 词汇表全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：Passolo是一种专业的软件本地化工具，广泛应用于软件开发领域和国际化市场中。
通过Passolo，开发人员可以轻松地将软件本地化为不同语言版本，以满足全球用户的需求。
在使用Passolo时，我们需要了解一些关键词汇，以便更好地理解其功能和操作流程。
下面是关于Passolo词汇表的详细介绍。
1. 本地化（Localization）：指将软件或产品根据不同的国家或地区的语言、文化和法律要求做出相应的调整，以满足当地用户的需求。
2. 国际化（Internationalization）：指设计和开发软件或产品时考虑到不同语言和文化的差异，使其具有较强的适应性和兼容性，方便未来的本地化工作。
3. 项目（Project）：在Passolo中，项目是指需要进行本地化处理的软件或产品。
每个项目都包含了一系列要翻译和本地化的资源文件。
4. 资源文件（Resource file）：这是软件开发过程中使用的文件，包括界面文本、图标、对话框等。
Passolo可以直接处理这些资源文件，进行本地化工作。
5. 界面文本（UI text）：指软件界面上显示的文字内容，通常包括菜单、按钮、标签等。
6. 翻译（Translation）：将源语言的文字内容翻译成目标语言的过程。
Passolo提供了翻译工具和功能，方便用户进行翻译工作。
7. 本地化工程师（Localization Engineer）：负责软件本地化工作的专业人员，具有一定的语言能力和技术知识，能够处理各种本地化工作。
8. 术语库（Termbase）：存储软件本地化过程中的专业术语和翻译对应关系的数据库，用于保证翻译的一致性和准确性。
10. 术语一致性（Terminology consistency）：指在软件本地化过程中，术语和翻译之间保持一致，避免出现矛盾或混淆的情况。
11. 导入（Import）：将源语言的资源文件导入Passolo中进行本地化处理的操作。
Localization——本地化
• GALA(Globalization and Localization Association) ，即国际化与本地化协会，是翻译、 国际化、本地化和全球化行业的一个具有全面代 表性的非盈利的国际行业组织，于2002年4月15日 由来自四大洲 12 个国家的 15 个本地化社团创建， 总部设在美国，大约有200个团体会员，属于首要 国际协会之列。
本地化与国际化
•国际化 ( 全球化 ) 是指开发的产品能适应不同市场的需求。本地化是 指将国际化的产品投入某一特定的目标市场。以适应特定地区、国 家的文化，满足特定人群的需求(这时翻译只是本地化的一部分)。 •Internationalization, encompasses the planning and preparation stages for a product that is built by design to support global markets. This process removes all cultural assumptions and any country- or language-specific content is stored so that it can be easily adapted. If this content is not separated during this phase, it must be fixed during localization, adding time and expense to the project. In extreme cases, products that were not internationalized may not be localizable.
本地化翻译
本地化翻译过程
Demystifying the Costs of Localization andTranslation (1)∙I already understand localization. Or do I?∙What do translators really do with my product?∙Why is localization so expensive?Introduction―Why is localization so expensive?!‖We hear this question a lot from our clients, and at one time we had a short answer for it:Words.Our clients usually just scowled at us when we gave that answer, and so we elaborated a bit:The expense-perspective: You paid to create yourEnglish-language product, but because your engineers andwriters use English words, it looked to you as though you didn’tpay anything to create it. Now you need to write a fat check tosomebody in order to create other versions, and you’re annoyedbecause ―all they’re doing is translating,‖ which feels like child’splay compared to the work you’ve done.The revenue-perspective: Your investment in theEnglish-language product will be returned by lots and lots ofEnglish-speaking people who will give you money because yousolved their problems. Similarly, localization is an investment in a[German/Japanese/Korean/Russian/ French/...] product, and thisinvestment will be returned by lots and lots ofnon-English-speaking people who will give you money for solvingtheir problems.In other words, there is an expense-side and a revenue-side to the coin of localization.We also hear that many people in technology consider the process of delivering international products a ―black box‖. Accordingly, Part I of this paper explains the terms and steps in ―Internationalization‖ and ―Localization,‖ with a few grisly details that are second nature to translation professionals, but which look like a black box to most of their clients. In Part II we describe where high localization costs come from, and what organizations can do about the side of the black box over which they do have some control. (When all is said and done, it still comes down to the first answer: Words.)Background: InternationalizationIt is best in the long run to first internationalize the software, as in the Portuguese example in Figure 1, so that no matter how it changes for user interface or business logic, the code base at the core of the product is always the same (sometimes called a single worldwide binary). To externalize those features and characteristics that can change from one region (or locale) to another—e.g., language, color scheme and accounting standards in software, or narrative examples, conditional text and legal text in documentation—is to place them in separate resource files that vary from locale to locale, then call them from a single, common code base.Figure 1This process of internationalization (or I18n, because there are 18 letters between the ―I‖ and the ―n‖) makes life easier for a number of people along the value chain.character set enabling, overall software architecture – but ultimately, companies internationalize their products not only because it’s better engineering, but also because they can reduce time to market and make/save more money in all regions.Of course, it’s nearly impossible to get I18n right the first time, and it usually requires multiple product cycles to refine the process, so the enlightened organization takes a long, patient view. Impatient organizations may leave locale-specific elements, such as strings or error messages, inside the code base, usually to get the English-language product to market in a hurry. This is not evil, but there are costs associated with it later in the process. Companies which outsource I18n effectively leave much of the process inside the black box. For those companies whose own engineers and writers internationalize their products, I18n is not so mysterious.Background: LocalizationFew companies, however, localize their products themselves, because few companies can justify the cost of keeping translators and localization engineers on staff. Localization (or L10n) is the process of delivering a product that meets the needs of users in a specific locale, and because most companies outsource this function, it usually lands squarely in the black box. The L10n process is not completely different from or contrary to the process of creating most technology deliverables. When the product has been properly internationalized, L10n is a parallel function that takes a copy of the resources from their normal flow in development, modifies the copy for the needs of a specific locale, and joins the original further downstream in the development flow (Figure 2).Figure 2There are a few localization concepts, however, which are alien to most people who build technology products, and these concepts are inside the black box. Key ConceptsGlossary (Terminology List)To ensure uniformity of translation throughout the product (and, as the international effort grows, throughout the company), it is a good practice to put in place a glossary, which contains approved translations of key words andphrases. A translation glossary gives the equivalent of the key terms in the target language.Figure 3The Explanation column in Figure 3 is very important for preserving contextual information for the benefit of the translators. Note also that the glossary plays the important role of dictating what should not be translated.Here are some key moments in the life of a glossary:1. Client hands off early version of product to localization vendor forcreation of glossary.2. Localization vendor compiles list of key terms, with contextualcomments.3. Client conducts training session for translators and editors (optional,and too often overlooked)4. Translator translates (or, in some cases, doesn’t translate) intotarget-language equivalents.5. Vendor returns glossary draft to client.6. Client sends glossary out for review by stakeholders most likely tocomplain about undesirable translations, in order to avoid thesecomplaints once the product has been released. (This is extremelyimportant, and should be performed by in-country partners andco-workers whose livelihood depends on the quality of the translation.)7. Client returns glossary comments to vendor, who incorporates them.8. Once approved, the glossary goes to translators, reviewers, editors andclient for continued reference.A typical glossary will contain a few dozen up to a few hundred terms.Simultaneous shipment (Sim-ship)Handing off resources for translation early in development allows the localization process to begin sooner, but the original resources are more likely to change and grow, requiring additional handoffs before release of the original. On the other hand, handing off the resources after the release of the original ensures that they are frozen, but delays the launch into the regional markets (see Figure 2).Simultaneous shipment in multiple languages is attainable, but it usually takes several localization cycles, as well as ironclad buy-in from upper management. The localization process needs to be an integral part of mainstream development so that changes to the original move quickly into the localized versions.Machine Translation (MT)The urge to automate as much of human effort as possible has also touched the specialty of translation. Since the 1950’s, the field of computational linguistics has contributed a great deal to the technology behind computerized translation, and the road ahead is filled with promise.In MT, the computer applies rules and algorithms for syntax, morphology, semantics and other rules to translate text into a destination language. Another approach uses statistical models to arrive at the most likely translation for the input text. Depending on the source-destination language-pair (some are better matched than others), the unedited result will almost always preserve meaning, but it will rarely be as natural as if translated by a human native speaker.Some localization vendors use MT as adjunct technology in their translation workflow. It can save money and time as an interim step to a post-translation editing pass, but by and large, human language is too old and MT not (yet) old enough for most clients to entrust completely the localization of, say, technical documentation entirely to a computer.Translation Memory (TM) and Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) Tools While also computer-based, these tools differ from Machine Translation. The goal of MT is for the computer to bear the brunt of the translation work, whereas TM and CAT tools help the translator do his/her own translating better, more accurately and faster. Localization vendors in the 21st century must use these tools not only to compete on price, but also to meet market expectations of consistency and quality of translation. Currently prominent products in theTM/CAT category include Catalyst, Déjà Vu, Passolo, SDLX and Trados, among many others.TM expands on the idea of the glossary. Beyond correlating a few dozen or hundred key terms, TM creates a one-to-one correlation between all of the source text and all of the destination text in the entire product and places these correlated pairs into a scalable database. Figure 4 shows source text on the left and destination text on the right.Figure 4The database may contain text from software resources, documentation, Web pages and marketing collateral, making all of it available as reference material to any translator working on any of these projects. In addition, fuzzy-matching algorithms rate approximate matches, so if the TM software finds similarity between a new sentence and another sentence already translated in thedatabase, it will suggest it to the translator with a percentage-rating of closeness.Benefits of TMSeveral compelling benefits can accrue to the organization with all (or even most) of its translation memory in a database.Analysis and cost estimates are more accurateAs observed somewhat ironically on page 2, the key metric in the cost of a localization project is Words. Before TM, it sufficed to estimate the wordcount of the entire project and multiply it by a price per word, but why pay tore-translate text that has already been translated, or which appears identically in many different places? With TM, it is possible to determine the wordcount of phrases and sentences that have already been translated, and thereby arrive at a more accurate cost estimate.Figure 5shows the analysis on a batch of ten new files submitted to a vendor for translation.• 38,891 words are in 4,130 repeated segments 1, or segments whichexactly match another segment in the ten files. The translator can translate the first occurrence of these segments and the TM software will propagate themthroughout the project. In addition, 4,674 words are ―placeable‖ (numbers, tags, symbols) and do not require translation.• In descending buckets from 100% down to 50%, there are a few hundred words in segments which have been translated before. These bucketsrepresent descending degrees of fuzzy match.• The software finds no match for segments containing 104,661 wo rds, so these must be translated from scratch. The 4,951 placeable words donot require translation.Many vendors offer discounts based on this analysis: The higher the percentage match bucket, the greater the discount on words in that bucket.• A 100% match means, of course, that no translation work is required, but the words in the 100% segments must still be ―touched‖ (engineering,desktop publishing, translation memory work, final review, QA), so fewvendors discount them entirely.• A 95-99% match often means that punctuation or the spelling of a single word has changed, or a word has been added or deleted, so a translator must do some light work on the segment and the vendor will discountthe segment slightly less.• Below 75% matches, however, discounts are less common because, by the time the translator has found and dealt with the differences between the old and the new text, s/he may as well translate it from scratch. The vendor can pre-translate new versionsBefore the new file has made it as far as the translator, the TM software will have pre-translated as many 100% matches as possible. For any segment that already has a match in the TM database, the software will retrieve and place the corresponding translation. This greatly reduces the translator’s work and shortens the time to deliver the completed product.In Figure 6, the Chinese segments marked with gold (lines 164-171 in the right-hand column) are 100% matches for the corresponding English segments on the left, which have been retrieved from TM and dropped into the translator’s work file in advance.Figure 6Translations enjoy leverage from one version to the nextSimilarly, the software identifies fuzzy matches and places them. The translator modifies the existing translation in light of how the source text has changed and adds the new segment to the TM database. This helps the translator spot English segments that have changed since the last time the product was translated.Figure 7In Figure 7, segment 174 reads ―You will be charged for this application.‖ The software found the closest fuzzy match (84%) and pre-translated it, tagging it green to call the translator’s attention to it. The TM Difference View window shows the very important change made to the English sentence since the last round of translation: The sentence now reads ―You will not be charged for this application.‖ The software provides enough of the original translation so that the translator does not need to start from scratch.The leverage from one version of the localized product to the next is a tremendous advantage of TM software. While it does not lower the overall wordcount of a product, it eliminates needless work for the translators and shortens time to market for the localized versions.All terms are available for lookup and concordance searchThe combination of the TM database and fuzzy matching also allows for concordance searches on specific text for similar, but not necessarily identical, occurrences.Figure 8In Figure 8 the translator has looked up ―Please try again later‖ in the TM database to see in how many different ways similar text has been translated in the past. This functionality goes deeper than that of a translation glossary because it broadens the subject of the lookup from key terms to common phrases, and the domain of lookup from the few hundred glossary terms to the entire TM database.Clients preserve history from one vendor to the nextFinally, the TM database represents a valuable asset if/when the time comes to change localization vendors. With TM, if a vendor goes out of business or is unable to scale to meet a client’s localization needs, the client can forward the TM database to the new vendor, who can then exploit the translation history with less delay.There may be technical limitations (different TM database formats) and legal issues (ownership of the TM database itself), but the larger the translation history, the smaller these issues look by comparison.A few more notes on TM• The real value in TM lies in its continued use over time. A sustainedinternational effort to deliver future versions of localized products willbenefit handsomely from TM. The organization interested in a one-time, quick-and-dirty translation will enjoy far fewer benefits.• Although TM saves a lot of work, it als o involves a lot of work for vendors.Some vendors bill for it directly and conspicuously, while others bill for it under general engineering costs. On balance, though, its benefitsoutweigh its costs, and there is almost no point in trying to save moneyby instructing the vendor not to use TM tools.• The client must bear in mind that translation memory tools are notmachine translation tools. As described above, MT tries to calculatetranslations of new text using rules and existing translations, whereasTM accumulates segment-by-segment history and assists humantranslators. While hybrid TM-MT solutions are becoming more popular,the industry is still a long way from reducing translation to a pure matter of software and hardware.• The client must b ear in mind the concept of the segment. TM looks forand matches text in entire segments because this is the lowest level ofgranularity which the software can use. For this same reason,wordcounts are a function of words in segments, as described in Figure5.Clients who do not understand the concept of the segment ask a verycommon question: ―My company and product name, Crunchware,appear 900 times in the product, and I want them preserved as―Crunchware‖ in all languages. Do I have to pay for that?‖ The answer is ―Sometimes.‖ If ―Crunchware‖ occurs as a segment all by itself in the TM database – and it probably does – then at all occurrences of thatsame segment there is no work for the translator to do, and the clientwill likely receive a steep discount for that 100% matched segment inevery place that ―Crunchware‖ appears alone. However, if―Crunchware‖ appears in a completely new sentence with 44 otherwords – like this sentence, for instance – then the software will report a 45-word segment with no match in TM, and the vendor will likely charge for 45 words at the full rate per word.SummaryA properly internationalized product is a delight to localize, because it involves no wasted effort in handoff, cost estimation, scheduling, translation, rebuilding, testing, release or support. It meets the needs of users in other regions with no changes to its core functionality, no patches, no bug lists, and no excuses. Enlightened organizations manage their own internationalization (I18n), which keeps it out of the black box.The black box looks black mostly because localization (L10n) takes place outside of the client’s organization and involves tools and skills rarely found inside the organization. The black box is not so much product development as product transformation, in which a familiar, English-original product becomes a French/Korean/Russian/Hebrew/... copy. Translation memory (TM) tools are at the heart of the transformation, keeping costs as low as possible and accelerating the work of translators.Although the L10n process seems trivial to many technology clients, there really is a great deal more to it than simply translating words from one language to another. Honest.。
计算机辅助翻译技术Review
计算机辅助翻译技术概论押题：1、隐马尔科夫模型2、机器翻译的方法3、文本电子化OCR4、双语对齐处理5、汉语切分的方法和关键问题5-20考试——计算机辅助翻译技术考试题型：填空、判断、问答7-8个考查内容：基本概念梳理，理解分析能力，考题思路，课件！1、概论1.1概况为什么要研究翻译技术？何谓翻译技术(translation technology)？能够用来进行语言翻译或辅助进行语言翻译的信息技术。
解决或缓解语言障碍(language barrier)问题，提高翻译从业人员的生产率。
翻译技术的研究始于机器翻译关于机器翻译机器翻译(Machine Translation)定义：利用计算机及其软件把一种语言(自动)翻译成为另外一种语言的技术。
机器翻译研究的目标是研制具有翻译能力的计算机软件系统。
机器翻译的研究始于20世纪40年代末期。
机器翻译结论很困难。
翻译技术的分流机器翻译(MT)：机器翻译的主体是机器。
目前比较困难。
（目标是寻找彻底的解决方案）计算机辅助翻译(CAT)：计算机辅助翻译的主体是人。
相对比较容易，但却很实用。
计算机辅助翻译立足为翻译人员提供(软件)工具。
协助翻译人员提高效率（生产率）。
名词辨析CAT - Computer-aided TranslationMAT - Machine-aided(-assisted) TranslationMAHT - Machine-assisted Human TranslationHAMT - Human-assisted Machine TranslationMT - Machine TranslationFAHQMT - Fully Automatic High Quality MT关于翻译技术的理解狭义的理解，翻译技术指计算机辅助翻译技术和机器翻译技术。
广义的理解，翻译技术指的是对翻译人员工作有益的任何信息技术。
文字处理工具(MS Word) (不可或缺)国际互联网及其应用(WWW、Email...)各种电子资源(百科全书光盘...)本课程的定位：主要是狭义的翻译技术。
Android应用资源---本地化(Localization
Android会运行在许多地区的许多设备上。
为满足大多数用户的需要，应用程序应该使用与应用所在地区相适应的文本、音频文件、数字、货币符号、以及图形等。
本文档介绍Android应用程序本地化的最佳实践。
这个原则适用于你正在使用的任何IDE 开发工具，如带有ADT的Eclipse、基于Ant的工具等。
首先要掌握Java的编程知识，并且熟悉Android的资源加载过程，以及XML中用户界面元素的声明方法。
在开发方面要掌握Activity的生存周期以及国际化和本地化的一般原则。
使用Android资源框架把应用程序本地化的外观尽可能的与核心Java功能分离，是一个良好的实践。
1.可以把大多数或所有的应用程序的用户界面的内容放到资源文件中；2.用户界面的行为，以及其他处理，是通过Java代码来驱动的。
如，如果用户输入的数据需要依赖不同的地区来格式化或排序，那么就要使用Java代码来编程处理这些数据。
概要：Android中的资源切换资源是文本字符串、布局、声音、图形以及Android应用程序中需要的其他静态数据。
一个应用程序能够包含多个资源集，每个都是针对不同的设备配置来定制的。
当用户运行应用程序时，Android会自动的选择并加载跟设备最匹配的资源。
当编写应用程序时，需要创建一组默认的资源，外加用于不同地区的可选资源。
当用户运行应用程序时，Android系统会基于地区来选择加载合适的资源。
在编写应用程序时，要给应用程序创建默认和可选资源。
对于这些创建的资源，要把它们放到res/目录下，特定命名的子目录中的文件中。
为什么默认资源是重要的？当应用程序运行在一个没有提供特定语言文本的语言环境中时，Android会从res/values/strings.xml中加载默认的字符串。
如果默认的文件不存在，或者是缺少应用程序需要的字符串，那么应用程序就不会运行，并且会显示一个错误。
下面的示例演示了当默认文本文件不完整时所发生的问题：应用程序的Java代码只引用了两个字符串，text_a和text_b。
本地化行业(Localization)综合类专业术语
综合 综合
产品本地化实施过程中相互联系、相互作 用的一系列过程。
产品本地化流程中的输入输出的对象。
综合
提供本地化服务的类别。
Common Sense Advisory 评选“世界百强语言供应商”︱专注翻译 恪守精准 2
综合
不需要重新设计或修改代码、将程序的用 户界面翻译成任何目标语言的能力。本地 化能力是表征软件产品实现本地化的难易 程度的指标。
Technology of localization
综合
产品本地化过程中应用的各项技术。
多字节ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ符集
Multi-byte Character Set
质量保证 文件格式 用户界面 服务角色
软件中与用户交互的全部元素的集合，包 括对话框、菜单和屏幕提示信息等。
产品本地化实施过程中承担不同任务的各 种角色。
Common Sense Advisory 评选“世界百强语言供应商”︱专注翻译 恪守精准 1
服务流程 服务要素 服务种类
Process of service Element of service Types of service
中文术语 本地化 国际化 全球化 本地化能力 本地化技术
本地化行业(Localization)综合类专业术语
英文术语 Localization (L10N) Internationalization (I18N) Globalization (G11N)
类别 综合 综合 综合
定义
将一个产品按特定国家/地区或语言市场 的需要进行加工，使之满足特定市场上的 用户对语言和文化的特殊要求的软件生产 活动。
在程序设计和文档开发过程中，使功能和 代码设计能够处理多种语言和文化传统， 从而在创建不同语言版本时，不需要重新 设计源程序代码的软件工程方法。
本地化行业(Localization)综合类专业术语
产品本地化实施过程中承担不同任务的各 种角色。
Common Sense Advisory 评选“世界百强语言供应商”︱专注翻译 恪守精准 1
服务流程 服务要素 服务种类
Process of service Element of service Types of service
Quality Assurance (QA) File Format User Interface (UI) Role of service
综合 综合 综合 综合 综合
每个字符用单个字节或两个字节及以上表 示的字符集。
系统性地对项目、服务或其他交付物进行 全方位监控和评估的方法和流程，以确保 交付物符合质量标准。 以计算机文档形式保存文字内容时采用的 格式规定，也称文件类型。一般通过文件 扩展名加以区分，如 doc、pdf、ttx 等。
本地化行业(Localization)综合类专业术语
英文术语 Localization (L10N) Internationalization (I18N) Globalization (G11N)
类别 综合 综合 综合
定义
将一个产品按特定国家/地区或语言市场 的需要进行加工，使之满足特定市场上的 用户对语言和文化的特殊要求的软件生产 活动。
综合 综合
产品本地化实施过程中相互联系、相互作ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ用的一系列过程。
产品本地化流程中的输入输出的对象。
综合
提供本地化服务的类别。
Common Sense Advisory 评选“世界百强语言供应商”︱专注翻译 恪守精准 2
综合
不需要重新设计或修改代码、将程序的用 户界面翻译成任何目标语言的能力。本地 化能力是表征软件产品实现本地化的难易 程度的指标。
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矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。