初中定语从句总结用法大全

定语从句

走进中考

定语从句的难点在于学生分析不清楚先行词，不能正确使用关系代词和关系副词，不能正确理解定语从句中的一些特殊用法。中考对于定语从句的掌握要求如下:

1.掌握关系代词的用法,特别是that，which，who，whom，

whose作主语、表语和定语的用法.

2.掌握关系副词when, where，why引导定语从句的用法；

3.掌握“介词+关系代词”的用法,尤其是介词的选取和使用；

4.掌握关系代词that和which的用法的异同;

5.掌握表示地点或时间的名词充当先行词时，关系代词和关系副

词的选择问题.

思维导图

1. 定语从句的概念和位置

在句子中起定语作用的从句成为定语从句。定语从句在句子的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词从句.（在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句）。 e 。g.: Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage ？

This is the museum which was built last year.

2. 先行词和关系代词 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句一般放在先行词的后面.

引导定语从句的词叫关系词，指代先行词，放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又充当定语从句的某一个成分（主语、宾语、表语、状语等）； e 。g.： The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle 。 先行词 关系代词（在从句中做主语）

The train which has just left is for Shenzhen 。

先行词 关系代词(做主语)

Let’s find a place where we can have a picnic 。

先行词 关系副词（地点状语)

定语从句的构成： He has a car 。 +

The car has 7 seats. == He has a car and it has 7 seats. == He has a car

which has 7 seats. clean 。 + We stayed here. The hotel is very

== The hotel

where we stayed was very clean. We met a man.

+ The man directed us to the

factory 。

=>We met a man and he directed us to the factory 。

=〉We met a man who directed us to the factory 。 3. 关系代词引导的定语从句

出题点:A 指代人的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法;

B 指代物的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法。

关系代词在句子中起连接、替代的作用，在句子中充当一定的成分，修饰前面的先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词that ，which ，who ，whom ，whose ，

人 Who/that Whom/that Whose

关系代词=连接词+代词

普通代词只起替代作用。

关系代词替代先行词,在定语从句中充当一定的成分，同时把先行词与定语从句联系在一起，起连词的作用。

i.That引导的定语从句

That 可以指人也可以指物,在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。作宾

语时可以省略.作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前,若介词提到前

面，指物用which指人用whom

e.g。: Views that are entirely new may also be hard to accept。

We need a person that is right for the job。

The picture （that）we are studying was drawn by a

fifteen—year-old student。

ii.Which引导的定语从句

Which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语。作宾语的关系代词which

可以省略（放介词后除外):

e.g.：The river which runs through the center of the city was polluted

seriously。

The story （which) he told was very popular.

The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop。

iii.Who,whom引导的定语从句

二者都用于指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中

作宾语。作宾语的关系代词who，whom可以省略（介词后作宾语的关系

代词除外）

e.g.: -—-We are proud of Mo Yan。

-—-Yes。He is a great writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012.

e。g。：Her sister married a man （who/whom）she met on a plane.

注意：先行词为one，ones, anyone 或those 时，定语从句中的关系代

词用who

e。g.：God helps those who help themselves。自助者天助之.

重点提醒：whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语,且介词提到whom前

面时，不能用who代替：e.g。: The person to who you just talked is Deep.（错误）

应该为to whom

或者可以这样表达：The person who/whom you just talked to is Deep。（正确）

在现代英语中，定语从句中作宾语的关系代词whom可以用who代替，但who不用于介词之后。在非限定性定语从句中，whom不可用who代替。iv.Whose引导的定语从句