英文毕业论文 浅析英语体育新闻词汇的特点及翻译策略
英语体育新闻的语言特点
[Abstract] Sports is an eternal theme in people‘s daily life; sports is a symbol of social civilization. With the rapid development of technological communication and mass media, sports have attracted more and more attentions from sports lovers all over the world. As a kind of news reports, English sports news with its distinctive characteristics, aims at catching the eyes of the readers with vivid, authentic and objective reports about what happen in the sports field or anecdotes before, during and after the match. The English sports news can be characterized by lexical, syntactic and rhetorical characteristics. As a result, mastering the language characteristics and translation strategies of English sports news can help readers understand English sports news easily and smoothly. Meanwhile, reading English sports news can arouse readers‘ strong interest and curiosity in reading and enrich their relevant sports knowledge, and have a better appreciation of English sports news.[Key Words]English sports news; characteristics; translation1. IntroductionSince the first broadcast of a sporting event took place on 11 April 1921, English sports news has become a part in people‘s daily life. With the further development and increasing popularity of sports, English sports news has become one of the effective ways for people to know what is happening in the sports field at home and abroad. Reading sports news is a part of sports lovers‘ life. Sports undertaking are also thriving in China, especially after the big success of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. Accordingly, more and more English sports news is printed on newspaper sports news has occupied a very important place in our daily life and takes up almost, one quarter of the newspaper, and a fifth of the country‘s news reporters are assigned to sports —more than any other beat (Song Yuxiang, 2006:1). It is suppose to catch the eye of the readers by reporting the lastest competions in vivid and colorful language, so as to leave deep impression on the readers. It can show new, direct, timely and effective information to the people around the world.The Oxford Advanced Learner: English-Chinese Dictionary defines news as ―new or fresh information; reports of recent events; person, thing, event, etc. that is interest ing enough to be reported as news‖. The typical news definitions of western journalism include: ―news is a report of all event, containing timely(or at least hithertounknown)information which has been accurately gathered and written by trained reporters for the purpose of serving the reader, listener or viewer; what happens and what men think, do and feel about it—this is the first concern of the press‖(Fedler, 1997:174-175). Sports news is the communication of selected information on current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or word of mouth to a third party or mass audience.As a variety of journalistic English, English sports news has its own characteristics and strategies of translation. This thesis consists five parts. It begins with a brief introduction, which is followed by the second part concerning the function of English sports news, and the third part discussing the language characteristics of English sports news. The fourth part will discuss translation strategies of English sports news, which is followed by a conclusion bringing the thesis to an end.2. The functions of English sports newsEnglish sports news has the following functions: informative function, expressive function, aesthetic function, vocative function and entertaining function. 2.1Informative functionAccording to Newmark, the informative function of language is featured with the external situation as its core. By saying external situation,Peter Newmark means the facts of a topic, reality outside language, including reported ideas or theories (Newmark, 2001:40).The informative function of English sports news is shown on its role to help readers to know the facts and relevant information of sports. These information may include: news genre, events referred to in the news and the main plot of the news. Thus the audience and readers can share happiness of sports anytime and anywhere.2.2 Expressive functionThe core of expressive function is the mind of the reader and the writer, their originator of the utterance. The language with expressive function is normally self-expressive, creative, figurative and subjective(Ibid.:39). The expressive function of English sports news is to set tone of the news thus to create either a touching,horrifying or exciting effect on the reader and audience.2.3 Aesthetic functionThe language designed to please the senses, firstly through its actual or imagined sound and secondly through its metaphors. The rhythm, balance and contrasts of sentences, clauses and words also play their part. Their sound-effects consist of onomatopoeia, alliteration, assonance, rhyme, meter, intonation, and stress (Ibid.:42).English sports news gives aesthetic function in the way to provide the reader and audience aesthetic enjoyment through colorful words containing rich connotations and beauty through the application of rhetorical devices.2.4 Vocative function―The core of the vocative function of language is the readership, the addressee‘‘(Ibid.:41). Newmark uses the term ‗'vocative'‘ in the sens e of‖ calling upon the readership to act, think or feel, in fact to react in the way intended by the text‖(Ibid.:41).Taking this explanation for reference, we can conclude that a piece of good English sports news can also call upon the reader and audience to focus on the affair.2.5 Entertaining functionEnglish sports news usually uses creative language, flexible sentence patterns and various rhetorical devices to make reports vividness. Sometimes, reporters use many of the same techniques used by literary writers such as novelists. The sentence of English sports news is sometimes composed of rhetorical devices like hyperbole or metaphor. English sports news presents a vivid picture to readers or audiences. It enriches sports culture and satisfies the needs of audience.3. Language characteristics of English sports news3.1 Lexical characteristics3.1.1 Initials and acronymsAcronym means a word formed from the initial letters of a group of words"(Dai Weidong, He Zhaoxiong: 2002:99). It is in need to suit for the high speed development and the requirement of modern society."1) With the approval of the IOC the Beijing 2008 Wushu Tournament isco-sponsored by the BOCOG, IWUF and CWUA," said the Wang Xiaolin, the secretary general of IWUF. (Zhang Hailin, 2009:127)From the sentence above, there are 28 words, and acronyms and initials appear 4 times. IOC stands for International Olympic Committee, BOCOG for Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games, IWUF for International Wushu Federation, and CWUA for Chinese Wushu Association.2）NBA is North America‘s premier professional men‘s basketball league, composed of thirty teams from Canada and the USA. It is an active member of USAB, which is recognized by the IBF as the NGB for basketball in the US ( Zhang Hailin, 2009:127).This sentence uses 4 acronyms and initials to introduce NBA. NBA is for National Basketball Association, USAB for United State of America Basketball, and IBF for International Basketball Association and NGB for National Governing Body.Initials and acronyms are convenient for reporters to write and remember and for readers to read and remember. And it‘s too boring to tell the whole name of them. People adapt this kind of form little by little and they also use initials in other English words, so they are widely used in nowadays sports English.3.1.2 TerminologyTerminology refers to the set of technical words or expression used in a particular subject. It is easy for us to find that there are many professional sports words. For example:3) While Nowitzkis' ninth seas on wasn‘t his highest scoring, it was his most accurate. He set career highs in shooting percentage on field goals (50.12%), 32 pointers (41.16%) and free throws (90.14%); no other player in the league topped 50, 40 and 90 percent (Xu Taili, 2007:101).In the sentences above, it is known to all that ―season‖ means any of the four main periods of a year when a particular activity happens. ―Field goal percentage‖ in basketball is the ratio of field goals made to field goals attempted. Its abbreviation is FG. A ―three-point field goal‖ (also known as three-pointer) is a field goal in a basketball game, made from beyond the three-point line, a designated arc radiatingfrom the basket.3.1.3 SynonymsSynonyms are different words with almost identical or similar meaning. Words that are synonyms are said to be synonymous, and the state of being a synonym is called synonymy. In the figurative sense, two words are often said to be synonymous if they have the same connotation.The following are three different ways to express the same meaning "victory."4) Vince Carter scored 32 points against his former guide the New Jersey Neys to a home victory over the Toronto Raptors on Tuesday and into first place in the weak Atlantic Division ( Xie Ying, 2008:112).5) While Arsenal recorded its first league victory in three weeks by rallying past rallying past Tottenham 5 – 4 ( Wu Wei, 2006: 121).6) American goalkeeper Kasey Keller, on loan from Tottenham Hotspur; was the emergency starter for Southampton and helped defeat Portsmouth 2 -1( Wu Wei, 2006: 121).Besides the expressions given above, "trash, conquer, oust, dispose of, thump, prevail over, triumph, outclass, outplay, brush aside, win over, overpower, crush, etc are all synonyms of success.3.2 Syntactic characteristicsDifferent from English in other fields, sports English has its unique sentence features. These sentences help to achieve vividness and glamour of sports. The following sentence patterns are frequently used and seen in articles about sports.3.2.1 Declarative sentenceA declarative sentence simply states a fact or an argument, without requiring either an answer or action from reader or listener. A declarative sentence usually ends in a period. The declarative sentence is one of the most important type in English sport news. It is used more often than any other type. Declarative sentences often appear in the detail reports and articles of sports news. Thus, readers will know details about of the matches clearly through reading these long sentences.For example:7) As well as serving aces in her 6-1, 6-2 victory against Maleeva, Hingis felt sufficiently relaxed that she watched Amanda Coetzer‘s match on a neighboring court during the changeovers (Xu Taili, 2007:102).3.2.2 Imperative sentenceImperative sentence or command is primarily used to instruct somebody to do something. An imperative sentence gives a direct command to someone.Imperative sentence usually can be seen in the comments in order to grasp readers‘ attention and leave reader s in the meditation of a sports incident.For instance:8) "Take Your Base, Coach Bill." actually refers that coach Bill should have achieved something with his team (Xu Taili, 2007:102).3.3 Grammatical characteristicsIn order to give more information and transmit clear information to readers, a large number of attributive clauses, appositive clauses and complex sentences are used in sports news.3.3.1 Attributive clausesTake this for example:9) Swedish veteran Henrik Larsson, who has just joined Barcelona after his country's Euro 2004 campaign, is also likely to make the trip to China ( China Daily,Aug. 10, 2004).If the attributive clause "who has just joined Barcelona after his country's Euro 2004 campaign" is omitted, readers have no way to learn that Henrik Larsson has just joined Barcelona. More information carried by these sentence patterns make reader largely informed.3.3.2 Appositive clauses10) Portugal, defeated in the 1984 and 2000 European Championship semis and in the last four at the 1966 World Cup, will play the Czech Republic or Greece in Sunday‘s final in Lisbon (Xu Taili, 2007:101).Readers may know more information about Portugal from the news report.3.3.3 Present tenseAs usual, based on the characteristics of the English sport news, past tense and present tense are the most frequently used tenses. Present tense is usually seen in commentary. The sports interpreters introduce what they are watching and what is happening in scene of competitions. Thus, present tense is their first alternative.Commentaries like:11) "F inal seconds… Pierce puts it up, for the win…Knocks it down!‖ and off the dribble from the perimeter…Ilgauskas goes to the floor, at seven-foot-three (7‘3‘‘) and eleven years in the league…Lebron down the lane, Oh…"( Li Sa, 2008:230).The verbs appeared in the all use present tense.3.3.4 Past tensePast tense usually appears on newspaper. It is objective and conventional to use past tense on sports.For example:12)Tim Duncan, Manu Ginobili and Tony Parker were terrific for three quarters, then good enough at the end to carry San Antonio to a 108—100 victory over the upstart Utah Jazz on Sunday (Xu Taili, 2007:102).The whole paragraph use past tense to describe how Spurns won the game.3.3.5 The mood of sentencesReaders of the sports news, reports and articles are not all professionals, sports fans, but also a mass of nonprofessional readers. Therefore, introductive and declarative mood is not unfamiliar. Take this paragraph for example:13) Weight lifting is an Olympic sport consisting of two lifts: the snatch and the clean and jerk. Each competitor is allowed three attempts in each lift. The sum of the lifter's best snatch and best clean and jerk is the lifter's total (Xu Taili, 2007:102).The mood of this paragraph is introductive and declarative, whose purpose is to introduce the weight lifting to readers.3.4 Rhetorical characteristicsRhetoric is a technique making it possible to apply reason to imagination, for the better moving of the will. According to Charles Bazerman, rhetoric is "The study of how people use language and other symbols to realize human goals and carry outhuman activity."(Charles Bazerman, 1998.6)3.4.1SimileThe word "simile" derives from Latin word "Similis", meaning "like". In rhetoric, simile is a figure of speech by which two concepts or two dissimilar things are imaginatively and descriptively compared because they have at least one quality in common or in resemblance. Here should be two things involved in simile –the primary term (tenor) and the secondary term (vehicle).Its chief function is to draw sharp pictures in the mind through comparison, to give deeper insight into things, persons and ideas through suggestive association, or to explain abstract terms. (Zhuang Xiuguo, 2005:158).14) The coach exhorted his payers like an evangelist.In this sentence, the tenor is players, the vehicle is evangelist.3.4.2MetaphorThe word "metaphor" derives from the Greek word "metaphora", which means "transference, carrying over". It is a very common figure of speech in English. Metaphor uses words to indicate something different from their meaning. George Lakoff and Mark Johnson claim in Metaphor We Live By―Metaphor is pervasive in everyday life, not just in language but in thought and action.‖ They point out; metaphor is "Our ordinary conceptual system, in terms of which we think and act, is fundamentally metaphorical in nature."15) It will mean another European disappointment for the Red Devil (Du Siming, 2009: 106).―Red Devil‖ refers to Manchester United, b ecause Manchester United is often called ―Red Devil‖ by fans and reporters. In this sentence, reporters use "Red Devil" to refer to Manchester United, which vividly embodies the power of Manchester United.Evidently, metaphor is often used to add forcefulness. Forcefulness has close relation to sharpness comes from detailed description, and detailed description has to resort to concrete words and expressions(Zhuang Xiuguo, 2005:163 ).Therefore, metaphor often becomes our last resource in conveying our thought.3.4.3HyperboleHyperbole means "a throwing beyond, or excess". As Geoffery N. Leech defines in his Principle of Pragmatics, "Hyperbole refers to a case where the speaker‘s description is stronger than is warranted by the state of affairs described" (Geoffery N. Leech, 1983: 36). Hyperbole aims to describe something and make it more than it really is. The function of using hyperbole in English sports news is to intensify emotion, to elevate a person or thing to heroic or mythical status, or to make fun at or to ridicule.16) Red card rain disgraces Real‘s 3-2 hard to win. ( Wu Wei, 2006: 121).The sentence shows the referee brought forth a large number of red cards to the players.。
英语体育新闻词汇、语气、句型特色
英语体育新闻词汇、语气、句型特色一、英语体育新闻的词汇特色1．大量带有娱乐色彩、口语化的词语运用喜爱追捧体育的大多是年轻人，也是体育新闻报刊杂志的购买主力军，为迎合他们的需要，现在的体育新闻报道用词越来越娱乐化、口语化。
晦涩难懂的评论被关注的程度越来越少。
我们以美国ESPN体育报道网站的一则篮球新闻为例：Houston Rockets will take th eir lumps soon because they have little experience of postseason（休斯顿火箭队将很快被踢出局，因为他们缺乏季后赛的经验）。
此句中，take lumps 是美国口语中失败、遇到困难的意思。
再看一则足球新闻：Manchester United beat Arsenal pants off in the fi rst leg of European Cup（曼联在第一回合欧洲杯的比赛中羞辱阿森那）。
Beat the pan ts off 是很口语化的一句表达，意思是取得大胜，羞辱对手。
2 大量体育项目专业性词汇的使用英语体育新闻的报道中会出现很多体育词汇，因此它有一定的受众群体，就是体育迷们，他们对于各种项目的体育专业词汇了如指掌。
对于不太了解这个体育项目的人阅读起来就有一定的困难。
以一篇篮球新闻为例：While Nowitzki's ninth season wasn't his highest sc oring, it was his most accurate He set career highs in shooting percentage on field goals （50 2）, 3 pointers （41 6）and free throws （90 4）; no other player in t he league topped 50, 40 and 90 percent.season原意是季节，而在篮球、排球、足球等项目中表示赛季，即球队在通常一年时间内打比赛的时间总和，career highs 这里是职业生涯最高的意思，是一种统计数据，而shooting percentage （命中率）、field goals （二分球）、3—pointer（三分球）、free throw（罚球）等词汇都带有鲜明的运动色彩。
英语体育新闻翻译中的“功能对等” 以乒乓球体育新闻报道为例
闻报道为例
目录
01 一、功能对等理论
02
二、乒乓球体育新闻 的特点
三、功能对等理论在
03 乒乓球体育新闻翻译 中的应用
04 四、结语
05 参考内容
内容摘要
英语体育新闻翻译中的“功能对等”：以乒乓球体育新闻报道为例 在全球化日益加强的今天，体育作为文化交流的桥梁和媒介，扮演着越来越 重要的角色。英语作为全球通用语言，英语体育新闻的翻译也因此显得尤为
四、结语
四、结语
功能对等理论为英语体育新闻的翻译提供了有力的指导。在乒乓球体育新闻 的翻译中，译者应注重语义、文体、文化和情感的对等，准确传递原文的信息和 情感，同时也要考虑读者的接受度和语言的习惯。只有这样，才能真正实现英语 体育新闻的有效传播和跨文化交流。
参考内容二
内容摘要
随着全球化的加速和互联网的普及，体育新闻翻译在跨文化交流中扮演着越 来越重要的角色。NBA作为全球最著名的篮球联赛之一，其新闻报道在体育界具 有广泛的影响力。本次演示将从功能对等理论的视角出发，探讨体育新闻翻译的 特点和方法，并以NBA新闻为例进行具体分析。
3、增译法
3、增译法
为了使读者更好地理解NBA新闻中的背景信息和人物关系，可以采用增译法进 行翻译。例如，在报道某场比赛时，可以增加对两支球队的历史和现状的介绍， 以便读者更好地理解比赛的意义和背景。
四的翻译以NBA新闻为例，我们可以看到翻译 体育新闻时需要注意语言风格、文化差异等因素，采用直译法、意译法和增译法 等方法进行翻译。需要注意保持原文的情感和意境，使读者能够产生与原文读者 相同的感受和反
在英语中通常用来形容某人或某物重新获得优势或地位。在翻译有关乒乓球 比赛的新闻时，如果原文使用了这个短语来描述一名球员在比赛中的表现，译者 在翻译时需要考虑这个短语在中国文化中的含义和接受度，选择恰当的翻译策略。
体育英语的特点与翻译方法研究
〔3〕赵妤.竞技运动术语的翻译效度――基于关联理论
J〕体育科技文献通报，2011，19（11）：119
〔4〕胡艳萍，思维文化差异与中英语言差异浅析〔J〕
2004，3（3）：95
〔5〕孙光旭体育英语翻译方法探讨〔J〕湖北经济学院
2002，4（6）：141
，在游泳运动中prone position是“俯卧”的
在围棋中mating position则指“杀棋局面”〔4〕。最后，
draw）、时间到
time）、接发球（receive）、近网挑高球（lift）、掷挑边器（toss）、
clear）等。除此之外，随着体育运动的不断发展和
butterfly stroke”一词，它是指“蝶泳”运动，这个合成词
【摘要】体育英语融合了日常用语和体育专业术语，
即译文诙谐，术语准确；
【关键词】体育英语；翻译；特点；方法
【Abstract】Sports English is a mixture of everyday language
， which has a certain particularity With the
”就可以直译为“你知道谁是2006年世界杯上的
，保留了原文蕴含的趣味性。此外，若
综上所述，随着全民健身热情的高涨，以及世界各国经
参考文献
〔1〕蒋铮璐，袁峰浅谈体育英语科技资料的翻译操作
J〕山西师大体育学院学报，2007（3）：18
〔2〕张延平，张阳.词义活用――体育新闻语言常用的
〔6〕孟莲芬，韦建军体育翻译中词义的选择〔J〕上海
1993（4）：14
〔7〕蒋铮璐，袁峰浅谈体育英语科技资料的翻译操作
英语体育新闻中模糊语言的词汇特点及其翻译对策
最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作Elements of Chinese Culture in Wallace Stevens’ Poems从《画皮》及《暮色》比较分析中西人鬼文化The Symbolic Meaning of Setting and Characters in Howards End浅谈商务谈判语言的特点Cultural Differences on West-Eastern Business Negotiations商务合同英语的语言特征论基督教教义对美国人慈善观的影响追求女性自我意识的孤独灵魂——评《觉醒》中的爱德娜由个性反映出爱—《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观现代爱情的另类表述—解读《暮光之城》主人公爱德华和贝拉的爱情中美面子观比较及其对商务谈判策略的启示The Cultivation of English Teachers on the Basis of Multiple Intelligences Theory不同的阅读任务对高中生英语词汇附带习得的影响中国和新加坡的双语教育差异比较分析《天使，望故乡》的精神主题A Study on the Effective Ways to Improve Memory Efficiency in Consecutive Interpreting The Gothic Beauty and Spiritual Essence of Allan Poe’s Short StoriesA Southern Elegy—a Feminist Study on Faulkner’s A Rose for EmilyPragmatic Study on the Humor Effect in The Big Bang Theory论夏绿蒂勃朗特与简爱在意识形态上的相似之处《嘉莉妹妹》中嘉莉的女性主义形象分析家庭教育对保罗的影响：品读《儿子与情人》A Discussion on the Accuracy of Language in Diplomatic Translation英语新闻标题的前景化论《劝导》中女性角色的地位“白+动词”的语义及其英译从动态对等角度分析中国旅游景点名称英译——以中国庐山网为例分析《嘉莉妹妹》中赫斯渥的人物形象以学生为中心的英语词汇教学的研究文化语境与语言交际能力的培养国际商务谈判技巧与策略初探论希斯克利夫出走的必然性The Otherization of China in The Woman Warrior“适者生存”——从社会达尔文主义看《热爱生命》姓名—透视社会文化的窗口主位推进模式在语篇翻译中的应用探析《夜访吸血鬼》中的孤独论《傲慢与偏见》中简奥斯丁的女性主义中西方餐桌礼仪文化对比论交际法在中学英语语法教学中的应用对比哈利•波特与蜘蛛侠浅析英美英雄文化差异德伯家的苔丝中人类的欲望——悲剧的根源中外酒文化差异分析浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中的苔丝悲剧的成因The Translation of Puns大学英语教学中积极情感的激发Scarlett’s Pragmatism in Gone with the WindTranscendentalism in Thoreau's Walden浅谈中美饮食文化差异视觉文化在英语词汇学习中的应用从顺应理论的角度对广告翻译的分析二语习得理论及其对小学英语教学的影响《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克与《失乐园》中的撒旦的反叛者形象比较E-learning的理论与实践浅析高中英语阅读教学中教师的角色用功能对等原则分析广告标语的英汉互译从《蝴蝶夫人》到《蝴蝶君》的蜕变霍尔顿形象解读分析年龄因素对英语学习的影响论苔丝悲剧的成因《愤怒的葡萄》中的圣经原型跨文化交际中的移情及其能力的培养对《看得见风景的房间》的象征主义解读《红色英勇勋章》主人公亨利•弗莱明心路历程探析Culture Teaching in College English Listening Classrooms通过巴丝谢芭看哈代的宿命论从电视相亲节目看当代中美女性婚恋观差异On the Fighting Spirit of Buck in The Call of The Wild《彼得•潘》中的“成长”主题论《宠儿》中的象征意象论斯嘉丽对南方的背叛《荒原》中的死亡与重生《红字》中的象征主义外教在英语口语教学中的作用经典英文电影台词的文体分析对《呼啸山庄》中希斯克里夫性格转变的分析The Importance of the Application of Kinesics in English Classes in Primary School 浅析《远大前程》中皮普的个人抱负与自我完善《希腊古瓮颂》中的艺术和永恒之美中国皮钦语的产生和发展不同英汉颜色词的象征意义及其翻译英语与汉语中禁忌语的比较矛盾与挣扎的悲剧——浅析《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》中的主人公艾米丽中西酒文化比较《红字》中的基督教因素初探不一样的颤栗—东西方恐怖片的比较从《七个尖角阁的房子》看霍桑的罪恶观目的论指导下的广告意译英汉禁忌语的文化内涵比较基于多媒体网络技术下的英语教学论“美国梦”对美国文学的影响哈里的迷惘与自我救赎——《乞力马扎罗的雪》的哲学解读从《绝望主妇》各主角看美国家庭问题生态视角下《红楼梦》中动植物名称的翻译浅析英语歧义句的成因及消除从关联理论看《博物馆奇妙夜》的字幕翻译从交际翻译视角看企业简介的汉英翻译跨文化交际中的体态语论凯瑟琳曼斯菲尔德短篇小说中的爱情观是受害者还是恶棍——重新解读夏洛克A Comparative Study of American and Chinese Spatial Language in Business Negotiation 美国梦的文化观察浅析张培基的散文翻译风格从功能主义翻译理论看商业广告的英汉翻译The Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter《黑暗之心》的人性探究《名利场》中蓓基人物形象分析中英广告中的双关语探析Biblical Ideas on Women and Sex男权社会女性意识的觉醒——弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫女性主义文学研究论《都柏林人》中的情感瘫痪Mirror Image Relationship Between General Liguang and Patton《月下独酌》两种英文译本之对比研究《查泰莱夫人的情人》中女性性意识的觉醒分析普通话对英语语音的迁移作用从简爱和安娜卡列尼娜的不同命运看女性意识的觉醒Positive Transfer of Chinese Reading Strategies in English Reading ComprehensionThe Application of Cooperative Learning in Senior High School English Writing Class我国中小学英语语音教学现存的问题与对策从《实习医生格蕾》浅析美剧所反映的文化背景和趋势浅析英语原版影视欣赏和英语学习英语成语跨文化翻译策略父权制社会的傀儡—从安吉尔看父权主义思想用隐喻理论分析英汉商标的语言特色论英语小说中俚语的汉译论凯特肖班《觉醒》中的超验思想商务谈判着装礼仪禁忌《纯真年代》女性意识探析简•奥斯丁的婚姻观在《傲慢与偏见》中的体现英汉“骨”与“血”的隐喻研究A Probe into Three Phases for Effective Business Negotiations浅谈“白色”在英汉语言中的文化差异及其翻译策略中西酒文化的差异对比《了不起的盖茨比》中乔丹•贝克的人物分析对黑人妇女在民权运动期间争取教育权的背景分析弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫《海浪》的叙事技巧分析Coherence in English-Chinese Translation: A Pragmatic Study中英文商标翻译的问题及其解决方法基于概念隐喻的英语习语研究伊恩•麦克尤恩作品《赎罪》中的成长主题探析英语禁忌语的语用研究浅谈商务英语信函写作Lin Yutang and his Translation of the Analects试析《远大前程》中匹普性格发展与社会环境的关系新闻英语文体分析东西方文化中团队意识的差别《红字》中丁梅斯代尔的灵魂救赎从《红字》看霍桑的政治观对《大地》中女性人物的生态女性主义解读解读托尼•莫瑞森《最蓝的眼睛》中的成长主题Domestication and Foreignization in Idioms Translation浅析《呼啸山庄》女主人公凯瑟琳的悲剧命运论被动句的翻译浅谈《到灯塔去》的女性意识孤独的逃离者——《麦田的守望者》主角霍尔顿的反英雄形象分析从美国妇女社会地位的提升看英语歧视性词汇的变化On Transcendentalism in Thoreau’s Walden杰克伦敦《野性的呼唤》中人生哲学的主题分析从自然主义视角分析《嘉莉妹妹》浅谈高中英语教师课堂提问与课堂互动论科技英语翻译中美学原则的运用《鲁宾逊漂流记》与《桃花源记》中乌托邦思想之比较浅析《等待戈多》“反戏剧”的艺术特色交互式教学法在中学英语课堂口语教学中的应用浅析小学汉英双语教学从许渊冲“三美论”评析《声声慢》三个译本Comment on American Film-Television Culture Invasion英文电影名称汉译原则和方法的研究中英酒俗对比企业行为管理的共同价值观浅析浅析文化差异对国际贸易的影响《雾都孤儿》中的浪漫主义与现实主义有效的英语新闻结构分析浅析英语演说中对照与其他修辞格的混合应用从文化角度看天津“五大道”景点翻译《哈利波特》中的励志精神An Analysis of Oscar Wilde’s Subversion of Traditional Fairy Tales音意兼译—外来词中译之首选法商务合同中的语篇衔接分析英语专业听力课程教学效率的调查与分析英语委婉语成因及其在政治方面的应用论《老友记》幽默字幕翻译从传统节日庆祝方式的角度比较中英文化差异中英动物习语的跨文化分析An Analysis of the Different Meanings of Color Words between Western and Eastern Cultures A Feminist Perspective to Pygmalion从意象的角度看劳伦斯短篇小说中女性的婚姻爱情观论中美日常交际的文化差异英语环境公示语翻译中的问题以及解决方法新闻英语中的委婉语及其翻译策略从叶芝的诗歌看象征主义的发展肢体语言在英语教学中的应用英语体育新闻中模糊语言的词汇特点及其翻译对策《了不起的盖茨比》中色彩的象征意义反复在格特鲁德•斯泰因的作品《三个女人》中的运用Effects of Chinese Culture on Promotion of Automobiles－－Traditional Cultural Elements 论《隐形人》中的象征主义海明威的死亡哲学——海明威作品解读商务交际中you-attitude的语用功能探讨。
英文毕业论文 浅析英语体育新闻词汇的特点及翻译策略
本科生毕业论文浅析英语体育新闻词汇的特点及翻译策略院系：外国语学院专业：英语A Brief Analysis of the Features and Translation of English Sports NewsVocabulary摘要体育是社会文明的标志。
2008年北京奥运会的举办，大大激起了民众的体育热情，体育新闻报道成为人们了解体育赛事，关注世界体育发展的重要渠道。
英语体育新闻除具有一般新闻的特点外，自身有其独特的语言特色及文体特征。
本文主要通过分析著名的英语体育新闻报纸或杂志来研究其词汇。
英语体育新闻的词汇错综复杂，种类繁多。
本文主要分析了英语体育新闻词汇的四个特征,即体育专业术语、缩略语、修辞和俚语的使用。
然而,不同种类的词汇其翻译方法也各有不同，本文根据“功能对等”理论，简要介绍了两种翻译方法：直译，即按照词汇的字面意思直接翻译,这种方法主要适用于体育专业术语、缩略语以及部分使用修辞的词汇的翻译；意译，即将词汇的隐含意义翻译出来，不拘泥于其表面形式,大多数修辞性词汇，如:隐喻、转喻的词汇,以及俚语的翻译应使用意译。
本文旨在通过浅析英语体育新闻的词汇特点及其翻译方法，使读者对英语体育新闻有更深的认识，减少阅读中的障碍，准确理解新闻所要传递的信息，进而促进不同国家民族之间体育信息的交流与发展。
关键词：英语体育新闻；词汇特点；直译；意译AbstractSport is the sign of social civilization. The hosting of the famous 2008 Beijing Olympic Games has greatly aroused people's enthusiasm to sports. Sports news becomes an important way for people to understand the sports events and pay more attention to the development of world sports. In addition to the general features of news, English sports news has its own unique language characteristics and stylistic features.The thesis mainly studies the words by taking famous newspapers and magazines as examples. The vocabulary in English sports news is quite complex and full of various types. The thesis analyses its four lexical features: sports terminology, abbreviations, rhetoric and slang. However, different types of words have their own translation methods . In the thesis, the author briefly introduces two kinds of translation methods based on the theory of “functional e quivalence”: literal translation, namely we can literally translate the vocabulary, so the method is mainly used for the translation of sports terminology, abbreviations and some rhetorical words; free translation, which means we must accurately express the words' implied meaning, but not focus on its forms. Therefore, free translation is frequently applied in the translation of most rhetorical vocabulary that using rhetoric such as metaphor and metonymy, and slang. The thesis briefly analyses the lexical features and its translation methods in English sports news, which aims at making readers have a deeper understanding of English sports news, reducing the barriers in reading, comprehending the sports message that the news intends to convey, and finally promoting the exchange and development of sports events among different nations.Key words: English Sports News; Lexical Features; Literal Translation; Free TranslationTable of ContentsAcknowledgements ....................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
体育新闻英语标题词汇及语法特色浅析
体育赛事新 闻报 道中 ， 战双方 的比 交
分是读者最 为关心 的信息 ， 因此数字作 为
一
个重要 的新 闻要 素往往 在新 闻标题 中 凸现出来 。 例如 ：
业联赛 包括英超 、 甲、 甲 、 甲 、 甲 意 德 西 法
等各支球 队的英文名称 ，还有美 国 Ｎ Ａ Ｂ 各支球队的英文名称 ， 无疑是记者 的一 门 必修课 。 例如 ：
１ Ｇ ｒ ｎ ｎ ｃ ｕ Ｎ ｒ ａ ａ ｈ ） ｅ ｍａ ｙｋ ｏ ｋｏ ｔ ｇａｔｄａ 国际 ）ｎｅ ｏ ｃｄ ｏ ｎ ｏｌｏ ｒｗ（ ｒ
、
体 育 新 闻 英语 标 题 词 汇 特 色
１ 国 家与 球 队名 称 的 频繁 出现 、
ＦｏｂＨＡ ｓｃ ｔｎ（ ｏｔａ ｓｏｉｉ ａｏ 国际足球 联合会 ， 即
国 际足 联 ） Ｉ Ｃ Ｉｔｒａｏ ａＯ ｙ ｐｃＣ — 、 ＝ｎｅ ｔ ｎ ｌ ｉ ｏ Ｏ ｎｉｌ ｍ ｍ ｉｅ 国际 奥委 会 ） Ｎ Ｌ Ｎ ｔ ｎｌ ｏ ｍ ｔｅ（ ｔ 、 Ｆ ＝ ａｉ ａ Ｆ— ｏ
体育赛 事双 方往往 代表 两个 国家 或
职业球 会 、 俱乐部 ， 它们 的名称 往往作 为
一
米兰 自摆乌龙 ， 平局收尾 ）
（ 里 Ｉｔ ＝ｎｅ ａ ｏａ Ｍｉｎ即 意 这 ｎｅ Ｉｔｒ ｔｎ ｌ ， ｒ ｎｉｌ ａ
个重要的新闻要素 出现在标题 中， 因此
ｏ ａ ｅｇ ｅ （ 式橄 榄 球职 业 联赛 ） ｔ ｌＬ ａｕ ｂ 美 、 Ｎ Ｌ Ｎ ｔ ｎ ｏｋｙＬ ａｕ （ Ｈ ＝ ａｉ ａ Ｈ ｃ ｅ ｅｇ ｅ 美国的全 ｏｌ 国冰球联赛 ） ＭＬ ＝ ｊｒ ｅｇ ｅ ａｅａ 、 Ｂ Ｍａ ａｕ ｓｂｌ ｏＬ Ｂ ｌ （ 国职业棒球大联盟 ） 、 Ｕ Ｉｔ ｎ ｆ 美 ） Ｉ ＝ｎ ｒａ— Ｔ ｅ ｉ ｏ ａ ｒ ｔｌ Ｕ ｉｎ 国防漱 ＾ ｎ Ｔｉｈｏ ｎｏ （ ｌ ａ ｎ 三项嘲 会 ） 铪 、
体育新闻英语标题词汇及语法特色浅析
体育新闻英语标题词汇及语法特色浅析作者：唐建军来源：《新闻世界》2011年第10期【摘要】本文以当今国内外英文主流媒体的体育新闻报道为例，从词汇和语法两个方面，简要分析了体育新闻英语标题的主要特征，从而为体育新闻英语的阅读、翻译、写作等技能的培养和提高提供有效帮助。
【关键词】英语新闻标题词汇语法体育新闻英语标题在词汇及语法方面，与中文标题有很大的不同。
熟悉并掌握这些特点，对于英语体育新闻的阅读、翻译、写作等技能的培养和提高，都将有一定的帮助。
一、体育新闻英语标题词汇特色1、国家与球队名称的频繁出现体育赛事双方往往代表两个国家或职业球会、俱乐部，它们的名称往往作为一个重要的新闻要素出现在标题中，因此从事体育新闻报道，熟悉欧洲五大足球职业联赛包括英超、意甲、德甲、西甲、法甲等各支球队的英文名称，还有美国NBA各支球队的英文名称，无疑是记者的一门必修课。
例如：1）Germany knock out Norway to reach final （德国战胜挪威进入决赛）2）Germany beat Brazil to defend World Cup（德国战胜巴西卫冕世界杯）2、对数字的大量使用，形成了新闻标题数字化特色体育赛事新闻报道中，交战双方的比分是读者最为关心的信息，因此数字作为一个重要的新闻要素往往在新闻标题中凸现出来。
例如：1）Brazil rout US 4-0, make final（巴西4-0完胜美国挺进决赛）2）Bulls top Pistons 108-92 to force Game 6（公牛队以108-92战胜活塞队，使比赛拖入第6场）3、大量使用缩略词体育新闻英语标题中出现的缩略词，主要是一些体育赛事和组织机构名称，常见的有：ATP= Association of Tennis Professional（国际男子职业网球协会）、WTA=Wo-men Tennis Association（国际女子职业网球协会）、FIFA= Federation of International Football Association （国际足球联合会，即国际足联）、IOC=International Olympic Co-mmittee （国际奥委会）、NFL=National Fo-otball League（美式橄榄球职业联赛）、NHL=National Hockey League （美国的全国冰球联赛）、MLB=Major League Baseball （美国职业棒球大联盟）) 、ITU=Internati-onal Triathlon Union （国际铁人三项联合会）、IAAF=International Association of Athletics Federation （国际田联）、IBF=International Badminton Federation （国际羽联）、ITTF= the International Table Tennis Federation （国际乒联）1）ATP to probe Murray corruption claims（国际男子职业网球协会将调查穆雷关于腐败的声明）2）IOC condemns murder of Iraqi athletes （国际奥委会谴责谋杀伊拉克运动员行为）4、适当使用一些常用的节缩词在体育新闻标题中，特别是关于体育赛事的新闻标题中，比赛球队的名称和球星的名字会频繁出现。
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矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。