三音节词语论文：现代汉语三音节词语研究

三音节词语论文：现代汉语三音节词语研究

【中文摘要】汉语在音节上经历了几个发展阶段,由古代汉语的单音节词占优势发展到近现代汉语的双音节词占主导地位,近十年来,随着社会经济文化水平的进步,现代汉语中涌现了大量的新词,这些

词语很多都呈现三音节化趋势。可见,三音节词语在现代汉语中的地位越来越重要,也越来越值得注意。本文运用语言的形式、造词法和构词法、结构项的理论,采用描写与解释相结合、共时与历时相结合、定量与定性相结合的方法,对现代汉语三音节词语进行研究,从结构、语法功能等角度对现代汉语三音节词语的类型、特点进行分析并归类,探讨了各种类型出现的原因。经分析可知:三音节词语包括了三音节词与语两大类,从构词方法来看,三音节词有单纯词,也有合成词。合成词有复合式和附加式两类。根据结构可以将它们分成:偏正式、主谓式、动宾式、并列式、补充式、重叠式以及附加式。三音节词的结构特点是不对称美;修辞特点有:多样的形象色彩、丰富的感情色彩;词缀化特点。三音节语即三字格惯用语(习语),从语义构成及修辞作用两个方面来分析说明。三字格惯用语主要有三方面的特点:(1)从来源上看,三字格惯用语来源于人们的现实生活,大部分是口语或方言,给人以新鲜、形象、生动,简洁、明快等感觉,为它的广泛流传创造了基础。(2)从语法结构上看,大多为包含三个音节的动宾式词组。(3)从表达效果上看,三字格惯用语往往有简中寓繁、经济明快的表达效果。惯用语的真实意义是通过一些修辞手段表现的,其中所用的修辞

手段主要有比喻、对数量的虚指、借代、夸张等。三音节词语大量产生的原因主要有社会原因、社会发展、日常交际的需要、语言内部原因等。

【英文摘要】The Chinese language has gone through several stages of development in respect of syllables. In ancient Chinese language, monosyllables played the leading role, while disyllables dominated the modern times. However, during the last decade, with the progress of society, economy and culture, new words have emerged in abundance in the contemporary Chinese language, many of them revealing a tendency of going trisyllabic. It is thus clear that trisyllables assume an increasingly important part in the contemporary Chinese language, and more importance need to be attached to them. Based on the theories of the language form, the laws of coinage and word formation, as well as structural items, and adopting the method of combination of description and illustration, synchrony and diachrony, and quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, this paper conducts a study on trisyllables in the contemporary Chinese language, analyzes their features from the angle of structural and grammatical function and then categorizes them into different types, and further explores into the causes of each type. Trisyllables

include trisyllable words and trisyllable phrases. In terms of word formation, trisyllable words consist of single-morpheme words and compound words. Compound words take either the combined form or affixed form, or they can also be categorized into modifying, subject-predicate, verb-object, paratactic, supplemental, overlapping and affixed types in the aspect of structure. Structurally speaking, trisyllable words are endowed with asymmetrical beauty, while rhetorically speaking, they enjoy diversified image colors, rich emotional colors, and affixation. Ttrisyllable phrases refer to three-syllable phrases (idioms), which will be analyzed and interpreted in terms of semantic composition and rhetorical function. Three-syllable phrases have the following three main characteristics: 1) In respect of source, three-syllable phrases root in our real life, the majority of them being spoken language or dialects and leaving a fresh, vivid, lively, concise and crisp impression, which lays the foundation for its wide spread; 2) Seen from the grammatical structure,

three-syllable phrases are mainly verb-object phrases composed of three syllables; 3) Regarding the effect of expression, three-syllable phrases usually have the effect of embodying the complex into the simple, economy and vividity. The real