传播学英语词汇

___ putting something into symbols that can be understood by whomever is destined to receive the message
2.decode
___ translating the symbolic message sent by the transmitter
3.internalization
___ making sense of a decoded messag e
4.gatekeepers
___ media people who influence messages
___ any media person who can stop or alter a message en route to the audience
5.regulators
___ nonmedia people who influence messages
___ nonmedia people and institutions that try to influence mass-communicated messages before they reach the audience
6.noise
___ is a transmission interference.
___ Slurring and other impediments in the communication process before the message reaches the audience.
Semantic noise: Sloppy message-crafting
Channel noise: interference during transmission
Environmental noise: interference at reception site
___ receiver factor that impedes communication
informational filters: receiver’s knowledge limits impede deciphering symbols
physical filter:receiver’s alertness impedes deciphe ring psychological filter: receiver’s state of mind impedes deciphering
8.amplification
___ spreading a message.
___ because mass communication reaches such large audience, the process amplifies messages like a giant megaphone.
___ Things that are mass communicated have a better chance of becoming important than things that are not.
9.two-step flow
___ media effects on individuals are through opinion leaders
___ voters are motivated less by the mass media than by people they know personally and respect
es and gratifications
___Theory that people choose media that meet their needs, interests. Surveillance function: media provide information on what’s going on Socialized function: media help people fit into society
Diversion function: media entertainment。