英文论文结构简介.ppt
英语科技论文写作PPT课件
所做工作提出今后应如何做的意见或方案。一般来说，结 论部分一两小段的长度。 有时作者列出一些结果，这时标题用results; 有时则就 某一方面的问题加以讨论，标题可用discussion，这种情况 下文字可能比较长。
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科技论文本身内容的构成
二、正文（Body） 论文的关键部分。 包括一些设想、实验情况、实验装置、获得的数据、证实 的理论等等。作者可通过定义、描写、说明、举例、实验、 论证、比较、分析综合、判断推理等不同的研究过程来证 实作者在引言中所提及的主题。
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科技论文本身内容的构成
三、结论或结束语（Conclusion(s) or Concluding Remarks） 是作者通过正文的论述而形成的总的观念，是一种很
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科技论文本身内容的构成
六、符号说明（Nomenclature(s)） 主要用于说明文章中出现的各种符号所代表的意义及
其单位。一般按英语的字母顺序排列，希腊字母一般放在 后面，同时符号中的上标（superscript）、下标（subscript） 也应注明所表示意义。
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科技论文本身内容的构成
七、参考文献（references） 大多数论文把参考文献列在“ references”中，并且
英语科技论文写作
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科技论文本身内容的构成
完整的论文一般应有以下几部分构成
一、引言（Introduction） 用于简介文章的主题、目的和写作背景，有关课题的
目前状况及存在的问题，在什么情况下开始这项研究，为 什么进行这项研究，写这篇文章的目的和意义，论文要重 点说明的问题等等。
多数论文的引言比较短，一般半页左右，但也有的引 言较长，可达一两页。
英语学术文章结构的12个不同部分
英语学术文章结构的12个不同部分1. Abstract标准摘要五句话，包含五个层次的内容：1.1 Introduction: 为什么要进行本项研究，现状中本项研究的缺失或者做了但是存在不足;1.2 Method：用什么方法做这个研究;1.3 Data：用什么样的数据来验证你的方法;1.4 Results：从研究中得出什么结论;1.5 Implication：得出的结论对研究领域和实践有什么意义(理论与实践意义)2. Introduction2.1 Research background：目的是证实该研究问题的重要性。
如这一类问题造成的损失很严重，因此研究这一问题很重要。
2.2 Research problem：在上述的这一大研究背景下，要做什么问题(或者方面)的研究;在上述的这一大研究背景下，这一研究可以在哪些方面解决现存的实际问题。
2.3 研究现状：别人已经做了哪些东西，别人已经做过什么，发现了什么样的问题?2.4 现存的研究有什么问题与不足：别人有什么没有做过?为什么别人没有做得更好?并说明这些研究不足会带来严重后果。
2.5 本研究的目标(objective)和研究范围(scope)：本研究弥补这些问题中(这些没做过或者做过没做好的问题中)的哪些不足，采用什么研究方法去弥补不足。
陈述本项研究的范围局限，并高度概括本论文研究结论。
2.6 文章结构：本论文的后续部分的基本内容架构。
3. Literature review目的：Literature review证明与说明两件事情：一是研究目标的设定是有意义的;二是你在本研究中采用的方法是可靠的、有效的。
包括三个层次的内容：3.1 对选题(你找到的研究问题)的justification。
即对做过没做好或者没做过的研究问题，在这个研究领域，针对research problem而言，让读者明白本项研究是有意义的;3.2 现存文献中对本文值得参考并可借鉴的东西(包括分析工具和成果);3.3 非相关或者相邻研究领域值得借鉴的东西，侧重于可借鉴的研究方法。
英语论文PPT
相关概念 Related concepts
•
Integrative motivation融入型动机
• Integrative motivation : the learners have particular sense in the target language community, they want to use the target language to communicate with other members in society, and finally to participate in or fully integrate into the target language community. In this case, the motivation learners bear is called integrative motivation.
研究背景 Background • This research is an investigation of internal EFL motivations of English majors at independent colleges and universities in China. Questionnaire is used in this study and data analysis is based on results got from questionnaire. • Independent colleges and schools are new and developing among universities in China. English learning is the focus in the course of study in Chinese universities. And because of the important function of motivation in the learning process, what are the English learning motivations of English majors in independent colleges becomes an important topic of study?
论文的结构组成（Thestructureofthethesis）
论文的结构组成（The structure of the thesis）Structure of the thesisCatalogThe structure of the thesis consists of 1(1) the basic structure of the thesis; 1(two) Part 1 of the thesis1. title (title) 12. author's name and unit 23. Abstract 24. keywords (or subject headings) 25. Outline 26. Introduction (or introduction, preface, introduction, introduction, preface and introduction) 27. text 28. conclusion 39. thank you 310. references 3(1) the basic structure of the thesisThe thesis belongs to argumentative writing, and its basic structure consists of three parts: topic, argument and conclusionThe 1. topic: the proposition that the authenticity of the thesis needs proving2., argument: that is, to discuss and prove, mainly refers to the argument to prove the authenticity of the topic of the discussion process, is the introduction of the argument when the argument used in the form of reasoning3. conclusion: conclusion, the final judgment of the article. The main function is: (1) summarize the full text, point out the subject. (2) look forward to the future, increase confidence. (3) express feelings, strengthen the appeal(two) the component part of the thesisA complete paper should include the following:1. title (title)The title should be the most appropriate, logical combination most concise words to reflect the specific content of the paper the most important, as far as possible to avoid using abbreviations abbreviations, unusual characters, symbols, symbols and formulas. The title is generally not more than 30words.2. author's name and unitThe signature includes the participation of selected research and develop research program personnel directly involved in all or part of the research work and the main contribution of the staff, in writing papers. If it is two or more than two persons jointly complete the thesis, according to the contribution of each staff or according to the agreement of ranking.3. AbstractsAbstract: abstract, is a brief statement of the contents of the paper, the main points, suggesting that the main content of opinions, arguments or general introduction of the thesis. The text should be concise and exact. The general Chinese abstract of 200~400 words, important academic papers should not exceed 1500 words4. keyword (or keyword)Keyword is used to express the full text of the subject matter of the word or terminology for information query. Each keyword is generally selected 3~5 words5. outlineOutline refers to the main points of the content of the paper6. Introduction (or introduction, preface, introduction,introduction, preface and introduction)The introduction is the initial part of the paper. The complex content of long paper, called the "Introduction", "Introduction", clarifying the requirements of writing this article motivation, its content, meaning, to achieve the purpose. A brief description of the problem is mainly used to the content, purpose, method and significance, clarify the main points (the argument), referring to the research situation in the field of senior accounting and others, knowledge distribution and theoretical basis, the author puts forward the inheritance and development of the accounting theory and practice of research ideas and research methods, to achieve the expected results and practical significance. If the report can also explain the background, explain this investigation method. Part of the contents of "one", is intended to summarize and pick up the full text, but the text to "fewer but better" is appropriate. In the text, do not write the "preface" two words, generally write 1 paragraphs, also write 2, 3 or 4 paragraphs finish. Later, when you turn to this theory, you'd better leave 1 lines in the middle7. textThe text is the core part of this paper, the main part of this thesis is, its function is: topic analysis. The text is in-depth analysis of the introduction of the problem, using the theory and practice of combining analysis, reveals the professional field of objective things internal connection and perplexing regularity. The text writing the contents reflect the logical thinking and language expression ability, determines theintelligibility and the persuasive power. The text writing must be realistic, objective and true, sufficient preparation, logical thinking, clear, easy to understand.There are three forms of hierarchical structure used in text composition:1., the linear inference method, from the article's central argument, in-depth discussion, from one point to another point of the logical deduction, showing a linear logic depth2., coordinate the way of division, and combine several subordinate arguments that belong to the basic topic, and discuss them separately3., the combination of Linear Inference and parallel division theory, that is, the straight line theory contains the parallel division theory, and the parallel division theory has linear inference, forming complex three-dimensional structureThe main body of the thesis usually adopts third kinds of ways: the combination of Linear Inference and coordinate inference8. conclusionAt the end of the paper, check for as far as possible, to take care of the beginning, to reflect the integrity of the text. The tail echo, can all blend into one harmonious whole, give people a feeling of complete structure, and can receive the summary, highlighting the central, deep impressions. The effect of the end points summary at the end of that end, calltype at the end of threeConcluding remarks, concluding remarks and so on,Don't write in the text, as the style and content, take care of the beginning, should be an independent part, and a blank line between the upper and upper branches; if the Chinese do not stop, a blank line is not equal to you, the end part9. words of thanksXie Xie can be used as a footnote in the bottom of the front page of the article. It can also be placed at the end of the article. The words should be sincere, concise and appropriate10. referencesReferences (data) attached to the back page lists should be added more, leaving at least four at the end of the paper. Writing papers cited documents, divided into direct and indirect quotations two. Direct quote, need quotes; indirect reference, just report the effect, and Italy, no quotes. For the content of reference, to be faithful to the original, can not be used not contradictory; interpret out of context, and far fetched; in writing the paper, the author should indicate on the view that the position of citation, praise or opposition1. list the role of references(1) is to respect the original author, but also avoid claim credit due to others suspected that the author's attitude isrigorous.(2) if there is any mistake in the quotation, it is convenient to check in time(3) enable the instructor to clearly understand the depth and breadth of the author's study of the problem(4) reflects the scope and level of the author's reading materials for the writing of the thesis(5) readers who are interested in studying the same or similar topics are understood or inspired from the literature(6) it is easy to review and evaluate the results of the thesis defense2. list the specific requirements of the reference (data)(1) in accordance with graduation papers, references or citations, articles and materials(2) references cited should be official publications (including books, newspapers, magazines, etc.)(3) to indicate the serial number, author (Editor) name, title, or title in the newspaper, magazine, publishing unit (or newspaper, magazine name), publication time (magazine number, number of newspapers, etc.)。
英文论文答辩PPT模板(完美版) 1
This approach combines quantitative and qualitative methods to gain a more comprehensive understanding of research questions
Sample and Data Collection
04
Research results
Overview of Research Findings
01 The research question and its significance
02 The objectives and hypotheses of the study
03
A brief overview of the research methods and procedures
Techniques used to gather information from participants or observations, such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, observations, and documents
Sampling strategies
Ensure that all charts are clear, consistent, and easy to understand
Provide a brief caption or legend for each chart to explain its purpose and content clearly
Research Purpose and Significance
State the main purpose of your research and its significance in the field
英文论文结构简介.ppt课件
（4）不得简单地重复论文篇名中已经表述过的信息。
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（6）要求结构严谨、语义确切、表述简明、一般不分段落；切忌发空 洞的评语，不作模棱两可的结论。
（7）要采用规范化的名词术语;
（8）不使用图、表或化学结构式，以及相邻专业的读者尚难于清楚理 解的缩略语、简称、代号。如果确有必要，在摘要中首次出现时必须加 以说明;
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2、讨论原则：
（1）阐明研究结果所获得的原理及其相互关系，并进行 综合、推理和归纳，反映事物的有机联系。
（2）应当指出实验中的例外情况，或那些缺乏联系的结 果，以及无法解释的异常情况
2.标题的写作要求:
(1)用词准确，表达恰当 (2)通俗易懂，避免使用特殊术语 (3)外延和内涵要恰当 (4)语句要简练，避免同义词的近义词连用 (5)标题中选用的技术词语应紧扣文章研究的学科范围
3.常见错误：
(1).将英文标题写成一个句子 如：Robust Controller is Designed for Aircrafts (2).注意句子的平衡 如：Robust Controller Design for Aircrafts Using Neural Networks with
主要介绍论文的正文写作中需要的基本概念、定义和相关理 论等。
七、Methodology
方法的写作简洁、系统完整、论证严密。读者至少能够 根据引文理解推证的正确性。验证方法的好坏是请一个同行 看你的手稿，能否重复你的推证。这一部分内容反映了作者 的综合水平。
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英语论文写作主体段落写作课件
Transitional relationship
In the main paragraph, the transitional relationship refers to the logical opposition or contradiction between sentences. This relationship is usually used to emphasize a certain viewpoint or fact, deepening the reader's impression through comparison or contrast.
Fluency
Express your thoughts clearly and smoothly Avoid redundancy and use a variety of presence structures to enhance readability
Coherence
Employee a range of presence types, including simple presence, complex presence, and compound presence
Use a variety of vocabulary and syntax to avoid repetition and enhance the wealth of your writing
Variability
Diversity
Notes on writing the main paragraph
谢谢
THANKS
In the main paragraph, causal reasoning is used to illustrate the process by which one event or action leads to another event or result. It supports the argument by demonstrating the relationship between cause and effect, and strengthens the persuasiveness of the argument with appropriate evidence and reasoning.
毕业论文ppt演讲稿英文版
毕业论文ppt演讲稿英文版Title: Graduation Thesis Presentation - English Version of PowerPointIntroduction:Good morning/afternoon everyone! I would like to welcome you all to the presentation of my graduation thesis. Today, I will be discussing the key findings and conclusions of my research project. My thesis focuses on [provide a brief overview of the topic].1. Background:To begin with, let's delve into the background of my research. [Describe the problem or subject matter being studied]. This topic interested me because [explain personal motivation or relevance]. Extensive research has been conducted in this field, but there are still several gaps that need to be addressed. Hence, my study aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge.2. Objectives:The objectives of my research were to:a) Investigate [state the main goals of the study].b) Analyze [mention the specific aspects to be analyzed].c) Evaluate [highlight the criteria used for evaluation].d) Propose [mention any solutions or recommendations].3. Methodology:Now, let's move on to the methodology utilized during the research. [Explain the research approach – qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods]. To collect data, I employed [describe the data collection techniques used, such as surveys, interviews, observations, etc.]. The gathered data was carefully analyzed using [mention the analytical tools or software employed]. This approach ensured the validity and reliability of the findings.4. Findings:Next, let's explore the key findings obtained from my research. The following are the main discoveries:a) Finding 1: [Present the first significant finding or observation].- [Support the finding with data or statistics].- [Show visual aids, such as graphs, charts, or diagrams, if appropriate].b) Finding 2: [Present the second significant finding or observation].- [Support the finding with data or statistics].- [Show visual aids, if appropriate].c) Finding 3: [Present the third significant finding or observation].- [Support the finding with data or statistics].- [Show visual aids, if appropriate].5. Discussion:Moving on, let's now engage in a discussion of the findings. The results of my study suggest that [summarize the main conclusions drawn from the findings]. Furthermore, it is important to consider [discuss any limitations or implications of the research]. The findings have both practical and academic implications, and could be applied in [mention potential applications or future research].6. Conclusion:In conclusion, my research project has successfully fulfilled its objectives of investigating, analyzing, evaluating, and proposingsolutions/recommendations for [restate the topic]. The findings have provided valuable insights into [mention the implications once again]. It is my hope that these findings will contribute to further research in this field.7. Acknowledgments:Before concluding, I would like to express my gratitude to [thank your supervisor, advisors, or any individuals who assisted you]. Their guidance and support were invaluable throughout this research journey.8. Q&A Session:Finally, I would be happy to answer any questions you may have. I look forward to hearing your thoughts, suggestions, and feedback. Thank you for your attention!Note: The word count of this article is 416 words. To meet the desired minimum requirement of 1500 words, please expand on each section, provide more in-depth explanations, offer additional examples, or expand the discussion and conclusion sections accordingly.。
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六、Preቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱiminary
主要介绍论文的正文写作中需要的基本概念、定义和相关 理论等。
七、Methodology
方法的写作简洁、系统完整、论证严密。读者至少能
够根据引文理解推证的正确性。验证方法的好坏是请一个 同行看你的手稿，能否重复你的推证。这一部分内容反映 了作者的综合水平。
八、Results and discussion
十二、References
要按所投杂志规定的格式准确书写。卷号、期数、页数、 年份等一定要核对无误。
这是论文的核心部分，具体要求如下： （1）数据及图表的内容及含义交代清楚，有条理； （2）对数据及现象的归纳、演绎、解释、立论要有逻辑 性、自洽性； （3）语句要准确、流畅、多样化，不宜重复使用相同的 句型和词汇。
1、结果(Results)分两部分： （1）是实验情况作一个总的介绍. （2）提供实验的数据，用表或图加以形象化的说明，验 证方法的正确性。实验结果是整篇论文的基础，因此必须 用明白、流畅的语言陈述你所得到的结果。
（2）用第三人称。作为一种可阅读和检索的独立使用的文体，摘要只 能用第三人称而不用其他人称来写。有的摘要出现了“我们”、“作者” 作为摘要陈述的主语，一般讲，这会减弱摘要表述的客观性，有时也会 出现逻辑上讲不通。 （3）排除在本学科领域方面已成为常识的或科普知识的内容。
（4）不得简单地重复论文篇名中已经表述过的信息。
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2、讨论原则： （1）阐明研究结果所获得的原理及其相互关系，并进行 综合、推理和归纳，反映事物的有机联系。 （2）应当指出实验中的例外情况，或那些缺乏联系的结 果，以及无法解释的异常情况 （3）指出本研究成果中与以往发表的研究结果一致或者 不同的地方 （4）讨论研究结果的理论意义及其在实际应用方面的可 能性，提出大胆的看法 （5）尽可能明确地陈述研究的结论 （6）每一条结论都要有证据。
范的即还未收入主题词表中的词或词组。
五、Introduction
1、引言的目的： 向读者提供论文写作的背景知识，写作的动机和目的，使读者 了解和评估研究成果。引言中引用的参考文献要仔细加以选择，以 便提供更重要的背景材料。 2、基本原则： （1）尽可能清楚地指出所研究问题的性质和范围。 （2）向读者介绍该领域的国内外动态，突出所研究问题的位置。 （3）归纳与本研究密切相关的前人研究工作及有关文献，指出本研 究与前人研究的不同之处。 （4）说明研究中要解决的问题、所采取的方法。必要时须说明采用 某种方法的理由。 （5）介绍论文的主要结果和结构安排。 3、注意： （1）行文要自然流畅，交代要清楚，不要似是而非，给读者留下悬 而未决的印象。 （2）给自己的研究工作一个恰如其分的意义。
九、Conclusion(Summary,Concluding remarks)
简明扼要地归纳出本论文的新发现、新观点、新理论等。 不宜将“结果及讨论”部分的语句直接抄录作为结论。
十、Appendix
主要是冗长定理的证明，以及实验中装置的冗长描述及参 数等。
十一、Acknowledgement
致谢对论文工作提供指导的老师，以及基金或项目的支持。
③ 结果: 简要列出该研究的主要结果，有什么新发现，说明其价值和局限。叙 述要具体、准确并给出结果的置信值。 ④ 结论: 简要地说明经验，论证取得的正确观点及理论价值或应用价值，是否 还有与此有关的其它问题有待进一步研究，是否可推广应用等。
2、摘要的撰写要求：
（1）摘要应具有独立性和自明性，并拥有一次文献同等量的主要信息， 即不阅读文献的全文，就能获得必要的信息。因此，摘要是一种可以被 引用的完整短文。
（6）要求结构严谨、语义确切、表述简明、一般不分段落；切忌发空 洞的评语，不作模棱两可的结论。 （7）要采用规范化的名词术语;
（8）不使用图、表或化学结构式，以及相邻专业的读者尚难于清楚理 解的缩略语、简称、代号。如果确有必要，在摘要中首次出现时必须 加以说明;
（9）不得使用一次文献中列出的章节号、图、表号、公式号以及参考 文献号; （10）要求使用法定计量单位以及正确地书写规范字和标点符号;
一、Title
1. Title重要性：
只有少数人研读整篇论文，多数人只是浏览原始杂 志或者文摘、索引的标题。须慎重选择标题中的每一个 字，注意字与字之间的搭配。长短适中，概括性强，重
点突出，一目了然。
2.标题的写作要求:
(1)用词准确，表达恰当 (2)通俗易懂，避免使用特殊术语 (3)外延和内涵要恰当 (4)语句要简练，避免同义词的近义词连用 (5)标题中选用的技术词语应紧扣文章研究的学科范围
论文结构简介
基本格式: Title Author(s)、affiliation(s) and address(es) Abstract Keywords Introduction Preliminary Methodology Results and discussion (Results, Discussion) Conclusion (Summary, Concluding remarks) Appendix Acknowledgement References
二、 Author(s), Affiliation(s) and Address(es)
1、姓氏和名字要弄清楚，以免发生以名代姓. 中文期刊：Zhu Ji-hong 英文期刊：Ji-Hong Zhu 2、准确清楚，使读者能按所列信息顺利地与作者联系。 Neural Network-Based Adaptive Controller Design of Robotic Manipulators with an Observer Fuchun Sun Zengqi Sun Dept. of Computer Science and Technology, State Key Lab of Intelligent Technology & Systems Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R.China Email: sfc@
三、 Abstract ★概念★
摘要是对“论文的内容不加注释和评论 的简短陈述”。其作用主要是为读者阅读、 信息人员及计算机检索提供方便。不宜太详 尽，也不宜太简短，应将论文的研究体系、 主要方法、重要发现、主要结论等，简明扼 要地加以概括。
1、摘要的要素：
① 研究目的: 准确描述该研究的目的,说明提出问题的缘由，表明研究的范围和重 要性。 ② 研究方法: 简要说明研究课题的基本设计, 结论是如何得到的。
（11）英文摘要不宜超过250个实词;
（12）众所周知的国家、机构、专用术语尽可能用简称或缩写;
四、Keywords ★概念★
关键词是为了满足文献标引或检索工作的需要而从论文
中取出的词或词组。关键词包括主题词和自由词两部分：主
题词是专门为文献的标引或检索而从自然语言的主要词汇中
挑选出来的，并加以规范化了的词或词组；自由词则是未规
3.常见错误：
(1).将英文标题写成一个句子 如：Robust Controller is Designed for Aircrafts (2).注意句子的平衡 如：Robust Controller Design for Aircrafts Using Neural Networks with an Observer (3).英文题目中介词、冠词要小写