法律英语词汇专题讲解
法律英语常用词汇大全民事法律
法律英语常用词汇大全------民事法律法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law大陆法系civil law system普通法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system英吉利法English law衡平法equity; law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act作为act不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusive right人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活秘密权right of privacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power; parental right亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus 完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person特别合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management 合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award 实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others’ precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention 恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission; broker house信托trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation时效中断interruption of limitation/prescription时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription 期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrative liability/responsibility刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default 有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错third party’s fault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence 过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption 损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability 停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle 消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则principal of public summons of right in rem 物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material for production生活资料means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物limited merchantable thing禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce 资产asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset; floating asset动产movables; chattel不动产immovable; real estate特定物res certae; a certain thing种类物genus; indefinite thing可分物res divisibiles; divisible things不可分物res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物res capitalis; a principal thing从物res accessoria; an accessory thing原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods 遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object埋藏物fortuna; hidden property货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification of right in rem/real right自物权jus in re propria; right of full ownership所有权dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership使用权right of use; right to use of收益权right to earnings; right to yields处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有possession in good faith恶意占有malicious possession按份共有several possession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena用益物权real right for usufruct使用权right to use; right of use土地使用权right to the use of land林权forest ownership采矿权mining ownership经营权managerial authority; power of management承包经营权right to contracted management相邻权neighboring right; relatedright地上权superficies永佃权jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract 地役权servitude; easement人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude担保物权real right for security物的担保security for thing物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让及alienation of right to mortgage抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right tomortgageregistration of estate under mortgage抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权priority of mortgage留置权lien一般留置权general lien特别留置权special lien质权hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge佃权tenant right债权jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor’s right 债权人creditor债务人debtor相对人counterpart; offeree给付give; pay债务debt; liability; obligation债务的偿还payment of debt债务的偿清discharge of debt债务的担保guarantee of debt债务的合并consolidation of debt债务的给付日期debt maturity债务的免除exemption of debt债的分类obligatio; obligation法定之债legal obligation任意之债voluntary obligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债alternative obligation主债prime/principal obligation从债accessory obligation单一之债single obligation按份之债several obligation连带之债joint obligation特定之债certain obligation种类之债indefinite obligation合同之债contractual obligation侵权行为之债tort obligation损害赔偿之债obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages 人身损害damage to person精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage医药费hospital treatment expense医疗费medical charge抚恤金pension慰问金consolation money产品瑕疵defect of product不当得利unjust enrichment无因管理voluntary service债的担保guarantee of obligation财产担保property guarantee信用担保credit guarantee让及担保alienation guarantee保证guaranty明示保证express guaranty默示保证implied guaranty保证人guarantor保证合同contract of guaranty/suretyship保证金guaranty bond; security deposit押金deposit; foregift预付款advanced payment定金earnest money; deposit违约金liquidated damages法定违约金liquidated damages by law约定违约金liquidated damages by agreement 债的履行performance of obligation实际履行原则doctrine of specific performance情事变更原则doctrine of change of circumstances不当履行misfeasance清偿discharge; satisfaction提存debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority 抵销setoff知识产权intellectual property知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment优先权原则a right of priority doctrine自动保护原则doctrine of automatic protection特许权使用费royalties智力成果intellectual property著作权copyright版权copyright著作权人copyright owner创作creation作品opus; product; work著作人格权right of personality of copyright发表权right of publication署名权right of authorship; right of paternity修改权right of modification; right of revision完整性保持权right to maintain integrity不可侵犯权inviolability收回权right of recall; right of retrieval自费出版publish a book at the author’s own expense著作财产权property right in work使用收益分享权right to share usufruct利用权right to make use of获得报酬权right to get payment重播权right of rebroadcasting录制权right of fixation机械复制权right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction 著作邻接权neighboring right of copyright剽窃plagiary; plagiarism盗版pirate盗版VCD pirated VCD伪造forge工业产权industrial property专利权patent right优先权日priority date申请在先原则prior application rule使用在先priority of use新颖性novelty创造性creativity实用性practicability发明创造invention and creation实用新型utility model外观设计design; industrial design发明权right of invention发现权right of discovery专利申请patent application专利异议objection to a patent专利公告patent gazette专利续展费renewal fee of patent专利许可协议patent licensing agreement技术诀窍know-how专有技术know-how专利证书certificate of patent专利事务所patent office专利代理patent agency中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China 商标权trademark right商标国际注册international registration of trademark商品商标commodity trademark服务商标service trademark驰名商标reputed trademark广告商标advertisement trademark近似商标similar trademark商标评审委员会trade review and appraisal board商标审查trademark examination商标侵权trademark infringement商标注册registered trademark商标公告trademark gazette注册商标使用许可licensing of registered trademark注册商标转让assignment of registered trademark商标使用许可协议trademark licensing agreement商标事务所trademark office商标代理trademark agency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, family, inheritance, adoption 婚姻法marital law; marriage law包办婚姻arranged marriage财产分割partition; dismemberment of property重婚bigamy独生子女only child法律婚legal marriage非婚生子女illegitimate child夫妻共同财产community property夫妻关系conjugal relationship夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board 复婚resumption of marriage感情破裂incompatibility婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties 婚姻登记marriage registration婚生子女ligitimate child计划生育birth control结婚marry离婚divorce买卖婚姻mercenary marriage拟制血亲blood relations in fiction of law旁系血亲collateral relation blood relation涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements配偶spouse事实婚de facto marriage诉讼离婚divorce by litigation探视权visitation right同居cohabitation晚婚late marriage无效婚姻void marriage协议离婚divorce by agreement一夫一妻制monogamy早婚early marriage直系血亲lineal descent自然血亲natural blood relation收养法adoption law收养协议adoption agreement收养人adoptive parent送养人person or institution placing out a child for adoption 涉外收养adoption with foreign elements继承法inheritance law; law of succession法定继承legal seccession遗嘱继承intestate succession遗赠继承succession by devise自然继承natural succession代位继承representation; succession by subrogation世袭继承hereditary succession间接继承indirect succession转继承subsuccession共同继承joint succession单独继承single succession继承人heir; successor第二顺序继承人successor second in order第一顺序继承人successor first in order继承参及人succession participant遗产inheritance; heritage遗产继承人heir to property; inheritor遗言last will and testament遗书last words遗赠bequest; legacy; devise遗赠抚养协议legacy-support ageement四、商事法律会计法accounting law税法tax law; taxation law反不正当竞争法anti-unfair competition law消费者权益保护法consumer’s interest protection law 产品责任法production liability law消费者权益法consumer rights and interests law公司法company law; corporate law公司company; corporation有限责任公司limited liability company股份有限公司company limited by shares无限公司unlimited company股份两合公司joint stock limited liability partnership 两合公司joint liability company控股公司holding company集团公司group company合资公司joint venture company联营公司associated company; affiliated company国营公司state-own company国有公司state-owned company民营公司civilian-run company本国公司national/domestic company外国公司foreign company上市公司listed company母公司parent company子公司subsidiary皮包公司briefcase company; fundless company募集设立incorporation by stock floatation发起人floater; initiator公司名称name of company公司住址domicile of company出资contribution; capital subscription现金出资investment in cash实物出资investment in kind工业产权出资investment in industrial property right 非专有技术出资investment in non-patent technology 劳务出资investment in labor高新技术成果出资investment in hi-tech achievements 注册资本registered capital实缴资本paid-in capital验资报告capital verification report会计师事务所certified public accountants注册会计师certified public accountant资本三原则three doctrine of capital资本确定原则doctrine of capital determination资本维持原则doctrine of capital maintenance资本不变原则doctrine of unchanging capital最低资本额制度minimum capital system公司章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 公司登记incorporation; corporate registration公司存续existence of company公司合并分立merger and split of company公司并购corporate merger and acquisition公司管理corporate governance; company management公司法律顾问corporate counsel公司整顿company rectification公司歇业closure of business公司和解company composition公司解散company dissolution公司清算company liquidation公司清理company winding-up竞业禁止non-commpete; competition prohibition招股章程prospectus股本stock capital股东shareholder股东大会shareholders’ meeting股东大会决议resolution of shareholders’ meeting股东大会议事规则rule of procedure of shareholders’ meeting表决权voting right; right to vote董事director董事长president/chairman of the board首席执行官chief executive officer(CEO)首席运营官chief operation officer(COO)执行董事executive director常务董事managing director董事会board of directors董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility system of the chief executive officer under the leadership of the board of directors 经理独立负责制manager independent responsibility system监事supervisor监事会board of supervisors股share; stock普通股common stock特别股special stock资格股qualification stock优先股preferred stock劣后股inferior stock表决权股stock with voting power溢价股premium stock折价股converting stock国家股state-owned share集体股collective share法人股corporate share企业股enterprise share个人股individual share股息dividend红股bonus stock; dividend stock法定公积金legal accumulation fund资本公积金capital accumulation fund 盈余公积金surplus accumulation fund 任意公积金optional accumulation fund 公司犯罪corporate crime证券法securities law证券发行issuance of securities证券上市list securities; float an issue 证券交易所stock exchange证券商securities dealer证券公司securities company证券承销商consortium of underwriters 证券承销合同underwriting contract证券经纪人securities broker披露制度disclosing system交割日closing date风险投资基金venture capital fund上海证券交易所Shanghai Stock Exchange深圳证券交易所Shenzhen Stock Exchange证券监督委员会securities supervision committee 票据法law of negotiable instrument票据notes; bills; commercial instruments商业票据bill; commercial instrument远期票据time bill;; long-dated bill到期票据matured bill即期票据sight bill记名票据bill payable to order; note to order不记名票据bearer instrument本票promissory note支票cheque汇票bill of exchange发票日ticket day出票日date of draft/issue发票地place of draft/issue票据到期日bill to mature票据金额sum of bill票面价额face value票据出票人drawer票据持票人bill holder票据承兑人bill acceptor票据行为act on commercial paper承兑票据honor a bill票据议付negotiation拒付票据protest a bill票据付款人drawee票据支付人payer on commercial instrument 票据收款人bill collector票据背书人endorser/indorser of a bill被背书人endorsee票据保证人bill guarantor票据被保证人bill pledgee/warrantee再追索人renewed recourser前手remote holder后手subsequent endorser票据权利right of bill票据期限term of bill; tenor票据债务人debtor of commercial instrument 追索权right of recourse票据抗辩exception to bill票据丧失loss of bill票据时效prescription of exchanges票据贴现discount of bill再贴现rediscount of bill恩惠期间term of benevolence票据代理agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments海商法maritime law船舶国籍证书certifica te of registry; certificate of ship’s nationality 船棋国flag country船舶所有权证书certificate of ship ownership船舶检验register of ship船舶保险insurance on hull船舶保险单hull insurance policy船舶登记证书certificate of registry船舶丈量tonnage measurement of ships船舶进港费groundage船舶抵押ship mortgage船舶租赁ship chartering船舶转租ship subchartering船舶所有人责任限制limitation of liabilities of ship owners船舶碰撞ship collision船舶遇难maritime distress海上灾难perils of the sea海上拖航marine towage船舶扣押detention of ship船舶债权ship’s credit船级社classification society船级证书certificate of class海上留置权maritime lien船舶留置权maritime lien船舶抵押权maritime mortgage海上优先请求权priority claim to seagoing ships救助优先权priority claim to salvage共同海损优先权priority claim to general average服务优先权priority claim to service货物损害优先权priority claim to cargo damage传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权priority claim to ship credit and goods credit 海运合同shipping contract提单bill of lading(B/L)空舱费dead freight租船费charterage租船合同charter-party contract of affreightment期租船合同time charter-party; time CP航次租船合同voyage charter-party定期租船合同time charter-party光船租船合同bareboat charter-party; bareboat CP包租运输合同shipping charter-party海上旅客运输合同contract for carriage of passengers by sea远洋拖带合同contract of ocean towage港内拖带合同contract of port towage海难救助合同salvage contract海事报告master’s protest;; sea protest海事声明书sea protest海事争议maritime dispute海事法院maritime court;; admiralty court海事诉讼程序maritime proceedings船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权civil jurisdiction of sea collision船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权criminal jurisdiction of sea collision海事争议的审理hearing/trial of maritime disputes海事诉讼保全措施measures for maritime attachment海事优先请求权preferential right top maritime claim海事请求保全申请书application/petition for maritime attachment海事诉讼法律文书送达service of legal instruments in maritime action/proceedings 涉外海事诉讼管辖权jurisdiction of maritime action involving for elements强制变卖被扣押船舶compulsory realization of the distrained ship海事仲裁程序规则rules of maritime arbitration procedure保险法insurance law自愿保险voluntary insurance强制保险compulsory insurance商业保险commercial insurance财产保险property insurance人身保险personal insurance人寿保险life insurance健康保险health insurance意外保险accident insurance社会保险social insurance养老保险endowment insurance医疗保险medical insurance失业保险unemployment insurance信用保险credit insurance保证保险guaranty insurance保险合同insurance contract保险人insurer; underwriter被保险人the insured受益人benificiary投保人applicant for insurance;; policy holder 保险单insurance policy保险标的insurance object保险费premium保险期限time limit of insurance保险利益insurable interest保险金额insurance; insurance compensation 保险事故insurance accident保险赔偿insurance indemnity保险代理人insurance agent保险经纪人insurance broker索赔claim代位索赔claim by subrogation理赔settlement of claim代位求偿权right of subrogation委付abandonment退保cancellation/discharging of insurance五、刑法总论刑法学criminal law; penal law犯罪学criminology犯罪心理学criminal psychology劳动改造法学reform-through-labor中国刑法史history of Chinese criminal law比较刑法学comparative criminal law刑事侦查criminal detection司法精神病学forensic psychiatry罪刑法定原则principal of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime罪刑相适应原则principal of suiting punishment to crime罪责自负原则principal of bearing responsibility solely for one’s own crime惩罚及教育相结合原则principal of combining punishment with education从旧原则the doctrine of observing old laws从新原则the doctrine of observing new laws从旧兼从轻原则the doctrine of observing old laws and new ones when with lighter punishment 从新兼从轻原则the doctrine of observing new laws and old ones when with lighter punishment追诉时效limitation of prosecution刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility刑事责任年龄age for criminal responsibility刑事责任能力criminal responsibility; capacity for criminal responsibility 犯罪crime; commit a crime故意犯罪intentional crime; willful crime过失犯罪negligent crime犯罪构成constitution of a crime犯罪主体subject of a crime犯罪客体object of a crime犯罪的主观方面subjective elements of a crime犯罪的客观方面objective elements of a crime犯罪对象target of a crime犯罪故意criminal intent; mens rea直接故意actual intent; direct intent间接故意indirect intent犯罪过失criminal negligence疏忽大意的过失careless negligence过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption不能预见unforeseeable; unpredictable不能避免unavoidable犯罪动机criminal motive犯罪目的criminal intent; criminal purpose防卫过当unjustifiable self-defense紧急避险act of rescue; necessity犯罪既遂completion of a crime犯罪未遂attempted crime犯罪形态criminal pattern犯罪预备 a crime in preparation; preparation for a crime 犯意表示expression for a crime犯罪中止abandonment/discontinuance of a crime犯罪中断suspension of a crime行为犯behavioral offence危险犯potential damage offence结果犯consequential offence结果加重犯aggregated consequential offence类推analogy。
法律英语知识点归纳
法律英语知识点归纳法律英语是指在法律领域中使用的英语语言和术语。
对于从事国际商法、国际仲裁、国际贸易等方面的工作人员来说，掌握法律英语是非常重要的。
本文将详细介绍一些常用的法律英语知识点。
一、法律体系及法律原则1. Common Law（普通法）：源于英国的法律制度，以判例为基础，注重司法判决的先例。
2. Civil Law（民法）：法律体系以法典为基础，强调通过法典和条例规范法律事务。
3. Statute（法令）：由立法机关制定通过的具有法律效力的规定。
4. Case Law（判例法）：法院对特定案件的判决和裁决形成的先例，对类似案件具有法律约束力。
5. Precedent（先例）：判决或裁决后的法律准则，被认为可以指导类似案件的判决。
6. Hierarchy of Laws（法律等级）：指不同法律的优先级别，一般按照宪法、法令、法律、法规、命令、条例等顺序排列。
二、合同法1. Contract（合同）：双方达成的协议，包括权利和义务。
2. Offer（提议）：要约，表明愿意与他人达成协议。
3. Acceptance（接受）：对提议的同意。
4. Consideration（对价）：作为一方履行合同义务的回报。
5. Breach of Contract（违约）：未能按照合同约定履行义务。
6. Force Majeure（不可抗力）：无法预见或控制的事件，免除违约责任。
7. Jurisdiction（管辖权）：法院对案件有管辖权的能力。
8. Damages（赔偿金）：违约方需支付给另一方的经济损失补偿。
9. Termination（终止）：合同约定的条件下，解除合同关系。
三、知识产权法1. Intellectual Property（知识产权）：由创造性思维产生的无形资产。
2. Copyright（版权）：保护个人作品的权益。
3. Patent（专利）：保护新发明的独特性和可产业化的权益。
4. Trademark（商标）：区分商品来源的标志。
法律词汇讲课讲稿
Reconciliation和解通常出现于离婚案件中，当当事人委托律师办理离婚时，律师通常会签署一份和解书，表明律师责任只在替当事人办理离婚的申请，但没有向当事人提出和解的意见。
Recover的意思是“获得，取得”。
在法律英语中，常见的用法是“to recover damages可以被译为“获得损害赔偿金”，只通过诉讼或其他途径获得的损害赔偿。
Redemption赎回在楼宇按揭中，若借贷方打算将楼宇买出，他一定要先将楼宇从银行手中赎回,由于香港的楼宇买卖相当频繁，通常很少机会会先赎楼后卖出,大部份情况都是赎楼与卖出在同一天进行Refresher fee大律师上庭之额外费用大律师上庭前，通常会与当事人议定一个refresher fee即第一天上庭后的以后每天的费用。
Register register 的意思是注册，如Registered office注册地，registered capital注册资本，registered share记名股票，register at the registration authority于注册机关处注册等。
Registered office注册地址注册地址是指有限公司在公司注册处内所登记的地址。
注册地址在法律上有相当大的意义，因为根据公司法规定，若法律和司法文件送达到公司注册地址，这个送达便可以算是完成，除非有其它理由支持收件人没有收到文件的原因。
Relief法律补救方法指民事上要求法庭提供补救方法。
例如在收楼令发出之后，租客只要有充份的理由，要求法庭暂停或延迟收楼，最常见是租客立即交付欠交的所有租金，收楼令便可以即可暂停。
Remand还押在刑事案件中，疑犯还押监房并另定一日子再进行审理。
不过法庭亦可就个别需要而准许疑犯保释外出，等候审讯日子。
Remote间接若果我们说一件事件的发生比较remote，即其发生的可能性相当低，几乎低至零。
Reorganization reorganization指重组，如company reorganization公司重组，asset reorganization资产重组，reorganization debenture重组债券，bank reorganization银行重组等。
法律英语实用单词讲解
法律英语实用单词讲解accord释义：accord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
acquire释义：acquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。
在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
act释义：act在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。
如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear fromaction释义：act在普通英语中的含义是行动，在法律英语中则理解为诉讼，相当于suit或lawsuit，如initiate an action提起诉讼，win an action在诉讼中获胜，defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。
adopt释义：adopt的最常见含义是采用，通过，如adopt a law通过一项法律，adopt a proposal采纳一个建议等，这种用法在法律英语中也较为常见。
法律英语常用词汇
法律英语常用词汇一、法律英语常用词汇Otherwise1.in this Act,unless the context otherwise requires,........除非（本法案上下文）文义另有所措2.any person who by threats, persuasion or otherwise....任何人通过威胁、说服或者其他手段3.No contract shall be revoked otherwise than除非有....，合同不能撤销Provided that1.Provided that there is a breach by the seller, the buyer shall be entitled to a damage of US$400. 如果＝if卖方违约，卖方应向买方给付400美元的损害赔偿。
2.for the purpose of paragraph(4)only, the term "beneficial owner" means......., provided that ... 仅就第四段而言，“受益所有人”是指...，但是=but...For the purpose(s) of1. For the purpose of protecting the rights of the seller,...为了保护卖方的权利2. For the purpose of Article 3, Party A may send the notification to Party B for approval.为履行第三条，甲方可以向乙方寄送通知以核准3.For the purposes of this contract, "China" means ...就本合同而言，中国的意思是...NotwithstandingNotwithstanding any practice to the contrary, .....尽管实践中存在相反做法，....Where1.Where a defendant is fined and the same is not paid, thecourt may order an auction of certain property凡是被告被罚款，而没有给付罚金，法院可拍卖被告的某些财产2.In any of the following cases, damage shall be awared where:(a)....(b)....不译（省略）有下列情形之一的，可授予损害赔偿金Subject toSubject to this section, an appeal shall be brought in such manner,and shall be subject to such conditions as described in Art.3在符合本节规定的条件下，....受到第三条中规定条件的约束（制约，限制）Without prejudice to1.Without prejudice to section 24, the following shall be treated as properly executed.在不影响第24节规定的情况下，在不违反第24节规定的情况下，2.without prejudice to your own discretions, I hereby authorizeyou to take the following actions,... 在不损害、影响贵方的自由裁量权的情况下，本方在此授权贵方采取以下行动......In respect of =with respect toThe licensor shall conduct all legal proceedings in respect of any infrigement of the licensed trademark.授权人必须对一切授权商标的侵权行为采取所有的司法程序“就...而言”，“对于”Save/except as provided...Save as is provided in this Act, ....除非本法另有规定二、法律英语背景知识Source of law 法律渊源●Constitution●StatuteAct: single statute单行法Code:comprehensive statute法典Bill:legislative proposal法案，立法草案●Case Law法院必须执行制定法，制定法可以改变甚至废除普通法规则但是解释法律时就是指定法律，任何制定法必须合宪●Administrative regulation 行政立法Court system-three tiered三层法院系统●Trial court初审法院诉讼第一站，陪审团、法院审理，决定法律问题和事实问题●Appellate court上诉法院只审查法律问题，而不审查事实问题判决结果Affirm维持原判Reverse 撤销原判Remand 发回重审（上诉法院将案件发还给初审法院，要求初审法院按其指示对案件进行有限制的重审或完全重新审理或采取其他进一步措施）Jurisdiction 管辖权●一个法院对一个案子进行审理并作出判决的权利●Original .../Appellate ...●Federal Jurisdiction联邦管辖权联邦法，宪法，海商法诉美国联邦政府或其官员；诉大使或者外国代表；一州诉另一州或者另一州的公民，另一州的政府诉外国政府一州国民诉另一州国民或其政府联邦法院系统●District Court联邦地区法院一州范围内，●Circuit Courts of Appeals联邦巡回上诉法院中间上诉法院●Supreme Court最高法院大部分是上诉审，仅对如下案件有一审审判权：美国一个州诉其他州，涉及大使或其他官员------Writ of certiorari联邦最高法院签发给下级法院要求其将某一案件的诉讼记录移交给其审查的一种特别令状，是它选择复审案件的工具------Certificate 法院签发给另一法院的说明在本法院中发生的事项或所采取的措施的书面通知Authority法律根据Type of authority Mandatory persuasive Primary 有管辖权(jurisdiction)时没有管辖权时Secondary 除非被立法采纳，从来不是通常是Primary Authority●Case reporter判例汇编商业(west group);官方（美国联邦法院系统、州法院系统）CitationA v. B, 327 N.W. 2d 457, 460 ( wis. 1980)当事人姓名判例汇编卷号法院判例汇编的缩写版次起始页终止页pinpoint citation 作成年份●Statute,code,bill●Administrative regulations,ConsititutionSecondary resource●Legal encyclopedias●Legal periodicals●American Law Reports●Restatements●Uniform Law and Model ActsStare decisis先例拘束力原则●To preserve the harmony and stability●Like case, like treatment●垂直型先例拘束力原则，水平性先例拘束力原则●Distinguish:下级法院基于一些虚拟的不同点，注重于两者的区别，而不适用先例●......他州先例可能被选择适用，但是并非先例拘束力原则的表现，因为他州先例没有拘束力●一致意见(concurring opinion)一般是其后相类似案例的先例，但是，同意意见(concurringopinion)不是先例，因为虽然同意多数法官作出的判决，但对判决依据提出了不同理由Procedures诉讼程序●Complaint诉状原告提出，说明诉讼理由，对事实作出肯定性陈述●Demurrer/Motion to dismiss被告主张在法律上不足以支持原告的诉讼请求，提出抗辩，即便事实是真的●Motion for smmary judgment当事人对案件的主要事实不存在真正的争议或案件仅涉及法律问题时，动议要求法院不经过审理而及早解决案件的一种方式。
20个常用法律英语词汇详解！
20个常用法律英语词汇详解！本文搜集整理了20个常用的法律英语词汇，希望扩大法律相关词汇的童鞋不妨看看！1. Concurrent Sentence 合并判决刑事案中的被告犯了两项或以上的罪名同时成立，但各项罪名的判刑同时执行，例如第一项罪的判刑是一年监禁，而第二项罪的判刑是监禁两年，两项罪合并判决，被告只需要被服刑两年。
2. Consecutive Sentence 连续判决刑事案中的被告所犯的不同罪行，是以连续判决执行，则被告需要分别服刑，例如一项罪被判了两年，另一项罪则被判了三年，被告便需要连续服刑五年，才会被释放。
3. Consideration 约因合约是订约方自愿建立的法律关系，是一方以有价值的代价或者承诺以换取对方的承诺或代价，这些合约中的承诺或代价称为约因，缺乏有效的约因，合约便不能成立。
4. Contributory Negligence 分担疏忽意外中的伤者对意外的造成及他自己的受伤程度，需要分担部份疏忽的责任，他所获得的赔偿额也会相对地减少。
5. Copyright 版权是作者对他所创作的作品的发表、翻印、复制等专有权利，版权在作品完成后便自动产生及受法律保护，毋须经过任何注册程序，但必须为原创作品才拥有版权。
6. Counterclaim 反申索在民事诉讼中，被告对原告作出申索，而该申索的事实和理据与原告的申索是有关连的，反申索是一项独立的申索，所以原告必须对反申索作出适当的响应，例如进行抗辩等。
7. Custody 保管，监护，拘留一般而言，Custody这个名词是指对对象的保管或拥有，但在家事法中，Custody of Children 是指对未成年子女的监护权；而在刑事案件中，则指对被告的拘留。
8. Decree 法庭判令法庭聆讯后所作出的判令，可以分成暂时性判令“decree nisi” 和永久性判令“decree absolute”，常见于离婚呈请的程序。
一般而言，法庭颁出decree nisi后，在指定的期限过后，除非收到反对，否则都会颁出永久判令。
法律英语之基本词汇
法律英语之基本词汇学习法律英语，就不可避免的要掌握许多法律英语专业词汇，否则，即使看懂了英文单词，也不明白到底说的是什么意思。
下面，岱恩英语大家介绍一组法律英语专业词汇，一起去学习学习吧。
人权human right ；人格权right of personality ；生命健康权right of life and health ；姓名权right of name ；名称权right of name ；肖像权right of portraiture ；自由权right of freedom ；名誉权right reputation ；隐私权right of privacy ；荣誉权right of honor ；权利的保护protection of right ；公力救济public protection ；私力救济self-protection ；权利本位standard of right ；社会本位standard of society ；无责任行为irresponsible right ；正当防卫justifiable right ；紧急避险act of rescue; necessity ；自助行为act of self-help ；不可抗力force majeure ；意外事件accident ；行为能力capacity for act ；民事行为civil act ；完全行为能力perfect capacity for act ；限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act ；无行为能力incapacity for act ；私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship ；法人legal person ；企业法人legal body of enterprise ；企业集团group of enterprise ；关联企业affiliate enterprise ；个人独资企业individual business establishment ；国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise ；中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise ；中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise ；社团法人legal body of mass organization ；上述法律英语专业词汇你都记住了吗？其实，法律英语专业词汇远不止这么一丁点，还有很多的专业词汇等着你去学习和背诵。
法律英语常用词汇和句型总结
常用术语总结一、基本概念及用法债权人：obligee债务人：obligor一方：one party对方\相对人：the other party；善意相对人：the other party in good faith债权:creditor’s right； right to performance; right债务/义务: obligation标的物：subject matter责任：liability要约：offer;承诺：acceptance;要约邀请：invitation to offer;要约人:offeror受要约人:offeree收件人：recipient代理人：agent被代理人/本人：principle行为人:person performing （such) act代理权：agency authority应当:shall可以：may不能：may not不正当：improperly有权做. . 。
：may； is entitled to do履行义务：perform obligation， render performance订立合同：enter into a contract； conclude a contract; form a contract带来损失：cause loss to . 。
损害利益：harm somebody’s interest赔偿损失：indemnify the other party for its loss由某人承担费用：expenses shall be borne by sb。
承担损害赔偿责任：be liable for damages各自承担相应的责任:bear their respective liabilities accordingly要求承担违约责任:hold . 。
. liable for breach of contract享有权利、承担义务:assume right and obligation二、各个条文中的术语合同订立采取。
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法律英语词汇 1、具有特殊法律含义的常用词
在英语语言的发展过程中，词义的演变十分复杂。总体来说，英语词义是在 "共时性变 化 "和 "历时性变化 "的交替变化中发展演变的。法律英语词汇自然而然地从多义的普通英语 词汇中分离出来。 有些词语具有特色很强的法律英语词义， 明显独立于普通英语， 有些词语 在普通英语中具有某种含义， 而在法律英语中则具有另一种含义， 也就是说， 有些词语对法 律工作者和对普通读者具有截然不同的含义。下列常用词语是人们所熟知的一些单词或词 组，然而在法律语言中他们却具有独特的含义，完全不同于在普通语言中的含义。 例如，单 词"action"在法律中的含义是"诉讼” ；"damage"是造成的”损坏”而"damages"为”损害赔偿金”; "demise"（ 死亡）在法律中的含义是 "转让，遗赠 "，这个词经常出现在出
租、赠与这类场合， 例 女口： "demise premises"（遗赠房产）。"consideration"通常指"考虑""体贴"，而在法律英语 中的含义是 "对价 " "约因 "； "instrument" （器具）在法律中的含义是 "法律文件 "； "present" 一词在法律中的含义是 ”这个法律文件”，当表示提交一份法律文件时， "presents"通常出现 在短语"know all men by these presents"中，"by these Presents"的意思是"通过这份法律文件 "。 "provided" 一词在法律文件中通常表示加入了限制性的条件，例如，在一个长句的结尾部分 使用"provided ‘however, that...（但是....）"。词组"without prejudice"的含义与偏见无关系， 它的
意思是 "使合法权利受到损害 " 。法律英语词汇的词义是在英语的发展历史过程中逐步从英 语多义词中分离出来的，这类词汇需要一定语境或上下文才能确定词义。
2、古英语和中世纪英语词汇
法律英语词汇的另一个特征是经常使用曾经常用、 但现在已经很少使用的古代英语和中 世纪英语的词语。 古旧词汇在现代英语中已经很少使用， 但在法律性文件中却依然随处可见。 尽管在英美国家要求法律语言 "简明大众化 "提倡法律人士在起草法律文件时应尽量避免使 用这些词语，但是为了使法律文件句子练、严谨，更好的反映出法律文句正规、严肃、权威 等文体特征， 适当的使用古英语和中世纪英语词汇是有必要的。 而且如果要将英语法律文本 翻译为汉语话， 了解这些古代的词语对于理解法律语言的这个特征是有帮助的。 古英语指的 是一直使用到公元 1100年的英语，而中世纪英语是指在公元 1100年到 1500年期间使用的 英语。而在这两个时期从拉丁语、法语和希腊语中借来的外来法律词语 70%仍沿用至今。
一些词语在现代英语中， 尤其是在现代英语口语中已不再使用， 但在法律文书， 或正式 的司法场合仍在使用。古词 ye 是 you 的复数 "你们 "，在普通英语中已经不再使用了，但在 法庭开庭时仍沿用 here ye "静听"（宣读、审判）或用古词 oyez "静听"。这里的 here ye 实际相 当于现代英语中的listen up!古词
sayeth等于现代英语中的say ，在普通英语中早已不用了， 但在法庭上仍然常用。如： Futher affiant sayeth not 相当于现代英语中的 The affiant nothing else to say " 宣誓口供人没有任何要说的了 "。使用古
英语词语是法律英语词汇的特点之一， 因为古英语词语可充分体现法律英语严谨的行文体例和风格。例如： A contract shall be an agreement whereby the parties establish, change or terminate their civil relationship. （合同是当 事人
之间设立、变更、中止民事关系的协议。 ）这里， "whereby" 相当于 "by which" 。如果我 们用后者代替前者， 尽管在内容上不会发生变化， 但在文体风格上却大不相同， 法律英语的 欢迎下载 2
严谨特征便当然无存，因为 "by which"不符合法律英语文体的表达习惯。 法律文本中使用古英语和中世纪英语词语，有助于形成严肃、 庄重、正式、紧凑的文体 风格。试看一下一段合约：
Provided further that this policy shall be subject to the Con diti ons here in contained and to any Memora nda en dorsed here on and such Con diti ons and part of the Policy and the observa nee and performa nee by the In sured of the times and terms there in contained so far as they relate to anything to be done by the In sured are of the esse nee of this con tract and shall be con diti ons precede nt to any liability on the part of the In sured un der this Policy.
上例合约条款选自一份现代的保险合同， 但其中herein, hereon ,such全是普通英文中废 弃的典型的古旧副词，而其他旧式用法还有 provided that ,subject to 等。
3、拉丁语单词和短语
法律英语词汇的第三个特点是经常使用拉丁语单词和短语。 拉丁语在法律言中处于权威 性的地位。在西方法律文明中， 法律格言往往是用拉丁文来表述的。 这不仅是因为古罗马法 学家最早强调”法律人的思维方式(Sententiae iuris)"，主张用简洁、精准的语言来陈述法 律规则(Regulae definitiones)，更因为拉丁文在西方历史上长期被视为 "有教养者的语言”，
曾经是欧洲人表述法律规则和法律命题的 ”通用语言"。在13, 14世纪教会统治的欧洲国家 ” 拉丁语垄断了两个世纪的语言 ”，之后拉丁语依然作为法律的书面语言被使用着。英语国家 的居民，尤其是从事法律研究的人， 把拉丁文视为高深学问的基础。因此， 对学习法律的人 来说，学拉丁文就显得太有必要了。 很多拉丁语法律格言和用语反映了法律背后的价值规范， 有些涉及实体价值，有些则涉及程序价值。这方面的例子有很多。直接表达价值规范和道德 的例子有，"Com mune bonum" 英语："a com mon good"，意即”公益"；"Contra bonos mores" 英语："contrary to good morals"，意即"违背善良风俗的”，在法律中用来表示某事违背社会 道德福利。譬如我们说，关于实施
犯罪的协议是"contra bonos mores"。体现程序价值的拉丁 文格言的例子有， "Accusare n emo se debet" 英语："no body is bound to in crim in ate himself" ，
意即一个人不应被强迫去做出对其不利的证词。 "Aequitas sequitur legem"英语："equity follows the law"，意即衡平法跟随普通法，只有在普通法似乎忽视了某些重要因素和情形而 导致影响到事情
的正义时， 衡平法才会跟随普通法予以干涉。 但是原告在意欲寻求衡平法的 帮助时，必须自身是干净的， 如英语谚语所说"he who comes into equity must come with clean han ds"，即"寻求衡平法救济的人，自己必须两手干净 ”。表达同样意思的英语谚语还有 "The dirty dog shall have no dinner here"。拉丁词语具有言简意赅、约定俗成、表达更为标准的特 点。
例 1、 Omnis interpretation si fieri potest ita fienda est in instrumentis , ut omnes Con trarietates amovea ntur
英译： All the interpretations of instruments, as far as possible, are to be such that every incon siste ncy is removed.
汉译：所有的解释，若是可能的话，必是通过消除文本中的矛盾而实现的。 欢迎下载 3
例 2. Nullum crimen majus est inobedientia 英译： No crime is greater tha n disobedie nee. 汉译：没有哪种犯罪比不服从还严重。 例 3. Modus et conventio vincunt legem 英译： Custom and agreeme nt overrule law. 汉译：习惯与合意可以使法律无效。 例 4. Ignorantia facti excusat--lgnorantia juris non excusat 英译：Ignorance of fact excuses--ig norance of the law does not excuse. 汉译：不知事实可以作为借口，但不知法却不能开脱（罪责） 。 例 5.Nimia subtilitas in jure reprobatur ， et talis certitudo certitudinem confundit 英译： The law does not allow of a captious and strained intendment ， for such nice pretenee of certa inty confounds true and legal certa in ty.
中译：法律中不允许过度矫情和做作的表述，因为这种伪装的确定性会干扰真正 的法律确定性。
例 6. Veritas nihil veretur nisi abscondi 英译： Truth is afraid of nothing but con cealme nt. 汉译：真相无所惧，唯怕被隐瞒。 例 7. Ut paena ad paucos， metus ad omnes perveniat 英译： That by punishing a few， the fear of punishment may affect all. 汉译：通过惩罚少数人，可以威慑所有人。 例 8. Nullus commodum capere potest de injuria sua propria 英译： No man should ben efit from his own injustice. 汉译：没有人应当从自己的过错中获益。或，人不应当因自己的不义而获益。