中考英语非谓语动词
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解读xx年中考"非谓语动词"
[考题展示]
1.-It's too hot. Would you mind ________ the door。
- ________ .Do it, please.
A.to open; OK
B. opening; Certainly not
C. opening; Of course
D. to open; Good idea (重庆)
2. I have finished ________ ________ this book. You can take it away.
A. to read
B. read
C.reading
D. reads (吉林)
3. No matter how hard it is, we'll keep ______ until we make it.
A. failed
B. failing
C. tried
D. trying (辽宁)
4. They are busy ______ ready for the exam.
A. get
B. getting
C. to get
D. got (宁夏)
5.He found it hard ______ his class.
A.to catch up with
B. to catch up
C. catch up with
D. catch up (新疆)
6. We must do something to stop people from ______.
A. to throw litter about
B. to throw litter into
C. throwing litter about
D. throwing litter into (陕西)
7. Listen! Can you hear a baby _______ ?
A. cry
B. to cry
C. crying
D. cries (山西)
8. She asked them ________ things about.
A. not to litter
B. don't litter
C. not litter
D. no litter (宁夏)
[解读"非谓语动词"]
非谓语动词包括动词不定式。动名词和分词三种形式,分词又包括现在分词和过去分词。这三种形式都是由动词变来的,但在句子中都不能作谓语,故这三种形式被称为非谓语动词。下面笔者就这三种形式在用法上的区别浅析如下:
一、动词不定式和动名词在句子中均可作主语和表语
在表示一个具体的。个别的或将来的动作时,要用动词不定式。如:
My job is to teach the first-year students grammar.
To study English well is very important.
在表示比较抽象的一般的行为和动作时,二者可以互换。如:
To climb mountains is a good form of exercise.
Climbing mountains is a good form of exercise.
二、动名词、现在分词和动词不定式都可以作定语
1. 动名词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,只表示被修饰名词的一般用途,必须位于名词之前。如:
There is a swimming pool in our school.
2. 现在分词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,表示所修饰名词的特征。如:
Listen to the singing bird.
Who is the boy running towards us。
3. 动词不定式作定语时,当所修饰的名词指人时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上
的主谓关系。如:
He is always the first to come to school.
当所修饰的名词指物时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。如:
I have a meeting to attend.
如果作定语的动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词,需加上相应的介词。如:
I have no room to live in.
There is nothing for me to worry about.
三、动词不定式和分词均可作宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾语补足语时,表示动作已经发生,动作的全过程已经结束。如:
I heard him knock at the door three times.(=I heard he knocked at the door three times (动作的全过程已经结束)
现在分词作宾语补足语时,表示动作正在进行。如:
I heard him knocking at the door.(= I heard he was knocking at the door.(动作正在进行)
过去分词也可以作宾语补足语。如:
I found the glass broken.(= I found the glass was broken.)
注意:动词不定式作宾语补足语时,在动词make,let,have,see,notice,hear,watch, observe,feel,listen to等后面要省略不定式符号to。如:
I hear him play.
The teacher made him do the exercises again.
help后的动词不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式符号to可加可不加。如:
He often helps me to study English in his spare time.
当这些动词变为被动语态时,原不定式必须加上to。如:
He was seen to repair the machine.
四、动词不定式和动名词均可作宾语
1. 下列动词后只能跟不定式作宾语: hope, agree, decide, manage, wish, refuse, dare, promise等。如:
He has promised to lend me the dictionary.
2. 下列动词后只能跟动名词作宾语: enjoy, finish, avoid, practise, mind, escape, excuse, suggest, consider(考虑), give up, can't help等。如: He wants to give up smoking.
They practise speaking English every day.
3. 在动词remember,forget,regret,stop,try等后面跟动词不定式或动名词时,意义上有所差别。如:
He forgot telling me the news. 他忘了曾经告诉过我这个消息。
He forgot to tell me the news. 他忘了要把这个消息告诉我。