第三部分 第一步 第五讲

第五讲百花齐放的名词性从句

一、名词性从句的种类

名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，其作用相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。

1.主语从句：在句子中充当句子主语的从句

Whoever is interested in making small inventions can join in it.

对小发明感兴趣的任何人都可以参加。

What he really means is that he disagrees with it.

2.表语从句：在句子中起表语作用的从句

The last important thing you should remember is that you have to send the article to me before June 28th.

你应该记住的最后一件重要事情是在6月28日前把文章发给我。

Today is what we can hold and make use of.

今天是我们能够抓住并能利用的。

3.宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语

His uncle tells him that if his cousin wins the competition，the family will win an overseas tour for free.

他的叔叔告诉他，如果他的表弟赢得了比赛，家人将赢得免费海外旅游。

If I could interview him，I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained.

如果我去采访他，我会问他是什么让他成为了一名宇航员以及他是如何训练的。

4.同位语从句：在复合句中充当同位语的从句，用以解释或说明前面名词的具体内容

There is no doubt that everyone needs to make their contribution to environment protection.

毫无疑问，人人都需要为环境保护做出自己的贡献。

He made a promise that he would never come late.

他承诺永不会迟到。

I have no idea how I can use the library.

我不知道如何运用图书馆。

二、名词性从句的写法

在写作中，如果我们能够把两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句，或者把一个简单句扩展成为含有名词性从句的复合句，对写作都是一种质的升华。名词性从句在写作时可采用“三步法”：

第一步：写出两个简单句。

第二步：让一个简单句作从句，要注意和另一个句子的关联性。

第三步：把两个句子合成复合句，要特别注意连接词的选择和从句的语序。[示例]

第一步：写出两个简单句。

①He said a lot at the meeting.

②His words were very attractive.

第二步：让句①作主语从句，可转换为“他在会上所说的话”，即what he said at the meeting。

第三步：把句①转换的主语从句和句②连在一起。

What he said at the meeting was very attractive.

[跟踪训练]

Ⅰ.按要求把下列句子转换成名词性从句

1.It disappointed everybody that he didn’t turn up.(转换为同位语从句)

The fact that__he__didn’t__turn__up disappointed everybody.

2.To his surprise，the little girl knows so many things.(转换为主语从句)

What__surprises__him is that the little girl knows so many things.

3.We find it necessary to help others when they are in trouble.(转换为主语从句)

It is necessary that__we__help__others__when__they__are__in__trouble.

4.Winter is colder than summer.Do you know the reason？(转换为宾语从句)

Do you know why__winter__is__colder__than__summer?

5.We have different opinions on this matter.(转换为表语从句)

This matter is where we differ.

Ⅱ.用适当的连接词填空

1.Listening and speaking is __where my weakness lies when it comes to English.

2.If I could interview him，I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained.

3.What we need most are popular science books.

4.I am wondering whether you can help me sell some.

5.One day，she heard the news that the sports meeting would be held.

Ⅲ.用名词性从句完成句子

1.The news that__they__had__won__the__game soon spread over the whole school. 他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个学校。

2.What__impressed__me__most was that they all had had professional training.

使我印象最深的是，他们都经过了专业培训。

3.I__wonder__if/whether you can give me some advice on how to make friends.

我想知道你能否给我提供一些如何交友的建议。

4.The__reason__why some people become ill is__that they don’t take exercise.

一些人生病的原因是他们不锻炼。

5.No__one__can__deny__the__fact__that a person’s education is the most important aspect of his life.

没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。