EV E-Mobility – Vehicle2Grid interface
LBNL Anand EF-China Workshop EV-RE LBNL Gopal no_anim
• The additional peak demand due to EV charging is ~30 GW or ~6% of the projected peak by 2030
5
Vehicle Sales (million) Vehicle Sales (million)
India – if 100% new vehicle sales in 2030 are full EVs
50
Two-wheelers
45
40
BEV ICE
35
14
Cars
12
BEV
10
ICE
30
8
25
from EV adoption, mobility and charging behavior • EV-RE Synergy: Is there enough without any
changes in charging behavior? • Smart Charging & V2G: Behavioral considerations in
Additional energy demand from BEVs will be small
Energy reqd per EV (kWh/yr)
Total EVs in 2030 (millions)
Total Energy Reqd (busbar) TWh/yr
Silvaco ATLAS在线模拟及更多网络计算纳米技术说明书
Deckbuild Overview
~ To start DeckBuild, one needs to type: deckbuild & ~ When DeckBuild starts, the following application window pops up:
File control buttons
DevEdit Athena DeckBuild
Structure file
Command file
ATLAS
Runtime output
Log-files
Solution files
TonyPlot
Network for Computational Nanotechnology
2
(A) Structure specification (B) Materials models specification (C) Numerical method selection (D) Solution specification (E) Results analysis
4 ATLAS Extract description 5 Examples
(A) Diode example
Network for Computational Nanotechnology
1
online simulations and more
Some General Comments
~ The VWF (Virtual Wafer Fab) Framework consists of two different sets of tools:
AAtthheennaa
AAttlalass
关于电动车进校园的利与弊英语作文
关于电动车进校园的利与弊英语作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Electrifying Debate: Should We Allow E-Vehicles at School?Hi there! My name is Emma, and I'm a 5th grader at Oakwood Elementary. I love learning, playing with friends, and of course, talking about really important topics that affect our school and community. Today, I want to discuss something that's been buzzing around the playground lately - should we allow electric vehicles like e-bikes, e-scooters and even kids' e-cars on our campus?It's a pretty heated debate, with strong opinions on both sides. Some kids think e-vehicles are the coolest thing since sliced bread, while others are really worried about safety. Personally, I can see good points being made from both teams. Let me break it down for you!The E-Vehicle EnthusiastsA lot of my classmates are totally obsessed with e-rides. They think zipping around campus on a cool e-scooter or even a mini e-car would be an absolute blast! No more tiring walks across the huge campus or waiting forever for the bus. With an e-vehicle, you can easily cruise from class to class without breaking a sweat.Plus, having your own set of eco-friendly wheels is fantastic for the environment. E-vehicles don't emit any of those gross exhaust fumes that make the air all yucky. They run on rechargeable batteries, so they're a much greener option compared to gas-guzzling cars and buses. The eco-warriors in my class are totally digging that!Some kids also argue that e-vehicles could teach us great responsibility. We'd have to learn how to properly operate and care for our rides, charge the batteries, follow all the rules of the road, and keep them secure when not in use. Sounds like fantastic practice for bigger responsibilities down the road!The Safety SquadOn the other hand, the safety patrol is deeply concerned about the risks of having e-vehicles whizzing around school grounds. They imagine total chaos - reckless kids speedingthrough hallways, narrowly avoiding collisions at every turn. A crash could seriously injure a student or teacher. No thanks!The stairs and narrow corridors in some of our old school buildings are another worry. If kids are riding e-scooters ande-bikes in those areas, it's an accident waiting to happen. Pedestrians could easily get mowed down.Cost is also a major issue raised by the safety squad. Their families believe e-vehicles are an unnecessary expensive toy. Many households can't afford to buy each kid aseveral-hundred-dollar electric ride, leading to uncomfortable inequalities between classmates.My TakeAfter weighing both sides, I have to admit e-vehicles seem pretty awesome at first glance. I'd love to cruise around in a slick e-car picking my friends up! But when I really think it through, I appreciate the safety concerns. Our campus, with its old buildings and pedestrian traffic, doesn't seem suited for freee-vehicle access right now.However, I don't think we should shut the idea down completely. E-mobility is an increasingly important technology that could play a huge role in making transportation moreeco-friendly as we get older. Why not start an e-vehicle skills course or club? We could learn the rules of the road, how to ride safely, the science behind electric power, and more. Then, once we're proven responsible riders, the school could look into designing certain paths or permitting e-vehicle usage in certain areas during specific times.Introducing e-vehicles at school is a complex topic with valid arguments on both sides. Compromise and patience will be key. We're still young, but getting a head-start on understanding and respecting this revolutionary technology can only benefit us kids down the road. Who knows, maybe one day I'll be cruising to work in my own slick electric car! For now though, we've got to prioritize keeping our hallways and courtyards safe for everyone.What do you think about e-vehicles at school? I'd love to hear your perspective! Let's keep the conversation going so we can all stay safe while looking towards the future of mobility.篇2Should Electric Vehicles Be Allowed on School Campuses?Hi there! My name is Timmy and I'm a 4th grader at Oakwood Elementary. Our school has been talking about lettingpeople drive electric cars and golf carts on campus and I have some thoughts about it that I want to share.On one hand, I can see why having electric vehicles would be a good idea. They don't make any smelly exhaust fumes like gas-powered cars do. When my dad starts up his truck in the mornings, there's always a big cloud of yucky smoke that comes out of the tailpipe. It makes me cough and my eyes water sometimes. With electric cars, you don't have to worry about any of that nasty pollution. The air would stay nice and clean if we had more electric vehicles at school.Electric cars are also really quiet when they're driving slowly like you have to do in a parking lot or on campus. You don't hear any loud engine noises or anything. That could make it easier for kids to concentrate in class without getting distracted by a bunch of loud car noises outside the windows. My friend Lucas says he篇3The Rise of Electric Vehicles on School Campuses: A Yay or Nay?Have you ever noticed those silent, futuristic-looking cars gliding around our school campus? Those are electric vehicles (EVs), and they're becoming more and more popular every day!As a curious kid, I can't help but wonder if having EVs at our school is a good thing or not. Let me share my thoughts with you.On one hand, EVs are super cool and high-tech. They're like something straight out of a sci-fi movie! Instead of guzzling gas like regular cars, they run on electricity stored in batteries. That means they don't spew out any stinky exhaust fumes or make loud, annoying noises. Imagine how much quieter and cleaner our school playground would be with more EVs around!EVs are also better for the environment, which is really important to me. Regular cars burn gasoline, which releases harmful gases called "greenhouse gases" into the air. These gases trap heat in our atmosphere and contribute to climate change, making the Earth warmer and causing weird weather patterns. With EVs, there are no direct emissions, so they don't add to the greenhouse gas problem.Speaking of the environment, did you know that most of the electricity used to charge EVs comes from renewable sources like solar, wind, and hydropower? That's way better than relying on fossil fuels like oil and coal, which are non-renewable and pollute the air and water. By driving EVs, we're helping to reduce ourcarbon footprint and protect the planet for future generations. How cool is that?Another advantage of EVs is that they're cheaper to operate in the long run. Electricity is generally less expensive than gasoline, and EVs have fewer moving parts than gas-powered cars, so there's less maintenance required. That means more money saved for our school to invest in fun activities and resources for us students!However, as much as I love the idea of EVs, there are also some downsides to consider. One major issue is the cost of purchasing an EV in the first place. They can be quite pricey, especially for our school with a limited budget. Then there's the challenge of installing charging stations on campus, which can be expensive and require some construction work.Another concern is the range of EVs. Most of them can only travel a few hundred kilometers on a single charge, which might not be enough for longer school trips or field excursions. Running out of juice in the middle of nowhere wouldn't be fun at all!There's also the question of battery recycling and disposal. EV batteries contain hazardous materials that can be harmful to the environment if not properly handled. Our school would needto make sure we have a safe and responsible plan for recycling or disposing of old batteries.Lastly, some people argue that the electricity used to power EVs might not be as clean as we think, depending on how it's generated. If the electricity comes from coal-fired power plants, for example, then the overall environmental benefit of EVs is reduced.So, what's my verdict? Should our school embrace EVs or stick to good ol' gas-guzzlers? Well, like many things in life, there are pros and cons to weigh.On the plus side, EVs are undoubtedly better for the environment and our health. They produce zero direct emissions, which means cleaner air for us to breathe and less contribution to climate change. They're also quieter, smoother, and cheaper to operate in the long run.On the other hand, the upfront costs and limited range of EVs can be challenging, especially for a school with a tight budget. There are also valid concerns about battery recycling and the sources of electricity used to power them.Personally, I think the benefits of EVs outweigh the drawbacks, especially when we consider the bigger picture of ourplanet's future. Sure, there might be some initial hurdles and expenses, but investing in clean transportation technology is a wise move for our school and the generations to come.Imagine a future where our campus is filled with silent, emission-free EVs. No more choking on exhaust fumes during recess or having our outdoor lessons drowned out by noisy engines! We could even install solar panels on campus to generate our own clean electricity for charging the EVs. How cool would that be?In the end, embracing EVs is not just about having fancy new cars on campus. It's about setting an example for sustainability, environmental responsibility, and forward-thinking solutions. As kids, we have a huge stake in protecting our planet, and every little step we take today can make a difference for tomorrow.So, let's get behind the EV movement, my fellow students! With a little bit of effort and open-mindedness, we can turn our school into a clean, green, and super cool place to learn and grow. Who's with me?篇4Electric Cars on Campus: A Yay or Nay?Hi there! My name is Timmy, and I'm a 4th grader at Oakwood Elementary School. Today, I'm going to talk about a pretty cool topic that's been buzzing around our school lately –electric cars! You see, our principal, Mr. Johnson, has been thinking about allowing parents and teachers to drive their electric vehicles onto our campus. Some people think it's a great idea, while others aren't so sure. As a kid, I have my own thoughts on this too!First off, what even are electric cars? Well, they're like regular cars, but instead of using gasoline, they run on electricity stored in big batteries. That means they don't release any stinky exhaust fumes into the air, which is awesome! It's like having a car that doesn't fart! No more holding our noses when we walk through the parking lot.One of the biggest pros of having electric cars at school is that it would make our air much cleaner. You know how sometimes the air around our school feels kind of heavy and gross? That's because of all the pollution from regulargas-powered cars. With electric cars, we wouldn't have to worry about that anymore! We could breathe in nice, fresh air and maybe even see more butterflies and birds around our playground.Another great thing about electric cars is that they're super quiet. No more loud engines revving and tires screeching in the morning when we're trying to learn our times tables. It would be like having a library on wheels driving around our campus. Imagine how peaceful that would be!But, you know, not everything is perfect. There are a couple of downsides to electric cars at school too. For one, they can be really expensive. My dad says that buying an electric car is like paying for a regular car and a few years' worth of gasoline all at once. Yikes! That's a lot of money. If too many parents can't afford electric cars, then only a few people would be able to drive them to school, and that doesn't seem very fair.Another potential problem is that electric cars need to be charged up, and that takes time. If a bunch of people are trying to charge their cars at school at the same time, we might run out of electricity! Then we'd have to go back to using candles and oil lamps like they did in the old days. Talk about a step backwards!So, those are some of the pros and cons of having electric cars at our school. Personally, I think it's a pretty cool idea, but only if we can figure out a way to make it work for everyone. Maybe we could have special charging stations in the parking lot or ask the really rich parents to help cover the costs for familieswho can't afford electric cars. I don't know, I'm just a kid! What do you guys think? Should we give electric cars on campus a green light or put on the brakes?No matter what, I'm just happy that grown-ups like Mr. Johnson are thinking about ways to make our school greener and healthier. After all, this is the place where we come to learn and grow every day. Why shouldn't it be as clean and peaceful as possible? Electric cars might not be the perfect solution, but at least it's a step in the right direction.Well, that's all I've got for now. I need to go and finish my fractions homework before recess. Thanks for reading, and don't forget to recycle your soda cans! A healthy planet starts with healthy habits, right? See you around, friends!篇5The Electric Vehicle Debate: To Bring or Not to Bring onto School Grounds?Hi there! My name is Emma, and I'm a 4th grader at Oakwood Elementary School. Our school has been having a big discussion lately about whether we should allow electric vehicles like electric bikes, scooters, and skateboards on campus. Some people think it's a great idea, while others are really against it.I've been listening to all the arguments, and I have some thoughts I want to share!On the one hand, I can see why electric vehicles could be a good thing for our school. First of all, they're better for the environment than gas-powered vehicles. They don't release exhaust fumes or other pollutants that can harm the air we breathe. Since we've been learning a lot about climate change and taking care of our planet, having clean electric transportation seems like it would be a step in the right direction.Electric vehicles also make it easier for kids to get to and from school without their parents having to drive them. My best friend Taylor lives pretty far away, and her mom has to wake up super early to get her to school on time. But if Taylor could ride an electric scooter, she could get herself there quickly without her mom's help. That would make things easier for her family.I've also heard that electric bikes and scooters are lots of fun to ride! They have a "boost" from the electric motor, so you can go faster with less effort than a regular bike or scooter. That sounds exciting to me. If we could ride them at school, that could make Physical Education class and recess way more entertaining.However, there are some major downsides to electric vehicles that make me a little nervous about having them atOakwood. The biggest issue is safety. Even though you're not supposed to go too fast, some kids might get carried away and lose control. The motor gives you a powerful burst of speed that could be hard to handle, especially for younger kids. I've seen videos of people on electric bikes and scooters crashing and getting banged up. That possibility worries me a lot.There are also concerns about electric vehicles getting stolen if they're just parked outside during the school day. Bikes and scooters get stolen sometimes even without motors, so electric ones would probably be even more tempting targets for thieves since they're so expensive. Kids could be really devastated to have their rides stolen like that.Another problem is the risk of the lithium batteries catching fire or exploding if they get damaged or overheated. Those battery fires can be really intense and dangerous. With so many kids around, it makes me anxious to think about having unstable batteries zipping around our campus.Lastly, permitting electric vehicles on campus could create issues with fairness and inequality. Not every family can afford to buy an electric bike or scooter for their child. It might make kids feel really left out to see their classmates get to ride these cool,expensive gadgets while they're stuck walking or getting regular rides. That doesn't seem very fair to me.So those are some of the major pros and cons to think about. Like I said, it's a complicated issue with good points on both sides. Personally, I lean more towards being against electric vehicles at our elementary school. The safety risks and potential for inequity make me too nervous to fully support the idea.But if we did decide to allow them, I think we would need very strict rules and precautions. There would have to be specific parking areas for electric vehicles that are protected from theft. Riders should have to wear helmets and safety gear at all times. There would need to be speed limits, age limits, and designated paths to keep pedestrians safe from being run into. And maybe the school could even have a sharing system so every student could have a chance to ride, not just kids from wealthier families.Those are just篇6Electric Vehicles on School Campuses: A Double-Edged SwordHave you ever wondered what it would be like to ride to school in an electric car or see them zipping around our campus? Well, let me tell you, it's a topic that has sparked a lot of heated debates among students, teachers, and parents alike. While some argue that electric vehicles (EVs) are the way of the future and could benefit our school, others raise concerns about their potential drawbacks. As a student, I've been keenly following this discussion, and I've got some thoughts to share with you.Let's start with the good stuff – the pros of having EVs on our school grounds. First and foremost, they're environmentally friendly. Unlike gas-guzzling cars that spew out harmful emissions, EVs produce zero direct emissions, which means cleaner air for us to breathe. Imagine stepping out of the school building and not having to worry about nasty fumes invading your lungs. Doesn't that sound amazing? Plus, with the increasing threats of climate change, embracing eco-friendly transportation options like EVs could be our school's way of doing its part to protect the planet.Another advantage of EVs is that they're quieter than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. Have you ever been trying to concentrate in class, only to be distracted by the roar of a car engine or the honking of horns? With EVs, we could say goodbyeto that noise pollution, creating a more peaceful and conducive learning environment for all of us students.But wait, there's more! Imagine how cool it would be to have charging stations right on our school campus. We could watch the futuristic-looking EVs getting "refueled" with electricity instead of gas. It would be like something straight out of a sci-fi movie!Now, let's address the potential downsides of welcoming EVs to our school. One major concern is safety. While EVs are generally considered safer than gas-powered cars due to their lower center of gravity and advanced safety features, they still pose risks, especially when navigating through a busy school zone with students constantly on the move. There's always the possibility of accidents happening, and we certainly don't want anyone getting hurt.Another issue is the cost factor. Installing charging stations and making the necessary infrastructure upgrades to accommodate EVs could be an expensive endeavor for our school. This could mean diverting funds away from other important resources and programs that directly benefit us students. Additionally, not all families may be able to afford anelectric vehicle, which could create a divide among students based on their economic backgrounds.Let's not forget about the potential environmental impact of manufacturing and disposing of EV batteries. While EVs themselves don't produce emissions during operation, the production and disposal of their batteries can still have a negative impact on the environment if not handled properly. Our school would need to ensure that any batteries used in EVs on campus are properly recycled or disposed of in an eco-friendly manner.Lastly, there's the question of practicality. Not all families live within a reasonable distance from our school, making it impractical for them to rely solely on EVs with their limited range. This could lead to a situation where only a select few students benefit from having EVs on campus, while others are left out.So, what's the verdict? Should we welcome EVs onto our school grounds or keep them at bay? Well, like most things in life, there are pros and cons to consider. Personally, I think a balanced approach might be the way to go. We could start by introducing a limited number of EVs and charging stations on campus, while also promoting other eco-friendly transportation options like walking, biking, or carpooling. This way, we canenjoy the benefits of EVs while mitigating their potential drawbacks.At the end of the day, it's up to our school administrators, teachers, and parents to weigh the pros and cons and make an informed decision. But as students, it's important for us to stay informed and engaged in these discussions because, after all, our school's policies directly impact our daily lives.So, what do you think? Are you ready to embrace the future of electric vehicles on our school campus, or do the potential risks outweigh the benefits? Let's keep the conversation going and work together to create a greener, safer, and more sustainable learning environment for all of us.。
德国电动汽车公司 GEC-3.05
e-mobility电能出行德国电动汽车公司工作报告2013German E-Cars GmbH目录1.德国电动汽车公司概况2.德国电动汽车公司无形资产3.德国电动汽车公司电能出行技术依据、平台比较和推广模式4.德国电动汽车公司电能出行技术行业地位和荣誉5.德国电动汽车公司电能出行工程案例6.德国电动汽车公司电能出行技术详解德国电动汽车公司概况German E-Cars GmbH（德国电动汽车公司）于2009年9月创建。
德国电动汽车公司是一家纯电动汽车整车研制厂，同时也是一家从事纯电驱动动力总成及其关键系统和零部件的开发、生产和销售的高新技术企业。
《德国电动汽车国家平台》驱动技术企业。
2009年德国电动汽车公司荣获北德企业技术竞赛创新奖。
2010年获得德国环保奖。
2013年10月获得联合RTCC环保奖。
德国首款量产纯电动汽车由德国电动汽车公司出品。
德国电动汽车公司量产的两款纯电动汽车STROMOS和CETOS均上榜于《目前德国市面上可供消费者挑选的量产新能源汽车车型表》公告目录。
德国电动汽车纯电驱动动力总成由高压动力电池包、感应/永磁电机、电机逆变控制器、电池管理系统、整车控制系统、无离合变速箱、高压保护装置、车载充电机、显示仪表系统、CAN总线系统等关键系统和零部件组成，同时适配电动转向、电动空调、电动真空助力制动系统、电动冷却系统、刹车下坡能量自动回收系统等配套系统和零部件。
BENNI参加2009 年法兰克福车展2010年6月展会上展出2010年4月STROMOS在2010年汉诺威德国电动汽车公司概况STROMOS开始量产开发研制电驱动系统及其关键零部件2009年9月成立 German E-Cars 公司2010年9月PLANTOS在2010年法兰克福车展上展出STROMOS作为城市快运车推出A) StromosB) City CarrierC) CetosD) PlantosEV / HEV 车辆事业部汽车电气化工程事业部动力总成及其关键系统和零部件事业部轮毂电机驱动 Hai E3超级跑车德国电动汽车公司无形资产德国电动汽车公司无形资产主要包括非专利技术（专有技术）、商标权（品牌）、著作权（知识产权）、特许权、商誉（地位，市场，经验，客户）等，具体体现为：✓拥有先进的德国生产工艺和纯电驱动领域领先的技术✓兼具技术可行性和低价位纯电驱动解决方案的德国驰名品牌✓纯电驱动关键系统和零部件的开发、生产和销售已获得成功✓已获得铃木汽车、通用欧宝和奔驰商用车的官方电动汽车改装特许权✓在迅速增长的市场中已获得有利地位✓少数目前能够在电动汽车领域获得赢利并保持利润增长的企业之一✓在纯电动乘用车和轻型商用电动车领域拥有先发优势和丰富的技术经验✓已成功开发、量产和上市2款纯电动乘用车STROMOS和CETOS整车以及1款✓轻型商用电动汽车PLANTOS整车✓有TS16949资质认证的管理团队和经验丰富且敬业的员工年行驶公里数日行驶公里数主要用途上下班行驶 购物行驶 自驾游 家庭行驶 公务行驶运输 / 办事德国电动汽车公司电能出行技术依据 对电动汽车目标消费群体的定位德国电动汽车公司电能出行技术依据一辆年行驶1万2千公里汽车消耗可再生燃料所占的土地资源内燃发动机消耗生物柴油，它们占地5000 m 2 燃料电池驱动消耗来自生物垃圾的氢气，它们 占地1000 m 2纯电驱动消耗光伏电能，它们仅占地20 m 2来源：ZSW 德国太阳能和氢气研究中心燃料电池驱动消耗来自风能的氢气，它们 占地500 m 2（土地能够同时用于农业） 燃料电池驱动消耗来自光伏电能的氢气， 它们占地65 m 2一个约20平方米的太阳能车棚就可以完全提供一辆 行驶12000公里/年的电动汽车所需的全年清洁电能德国电动汽车公司电能出行技术平台比较基于欧宝CORSAIV平台品牌Hersteller 德国电动汽车GEC型号Model CETOS首发日期PVS 2011年9月汉诺威车展车型Fahrzeugklasse 微型车KleinwagenM1 乘员数Sitzplätze 4总电量Energiekapazität 20kWh峰值功率Spitzenleistung 60kW最大扭矩Max.Drehmoment 182Nm最高时速Höchstgeschwindingkeit 130km/hNEDC综合工况续航里程ReichweiteNEDC 120km充电时间Ladezeit 快充400V/3x16A<=2.5h慢充230V/16A<=6h获北德企业技术创新奖2009年11月，德国电动汽车公司自主开发的纯电驱动技术荣获2009年度Axia Award北德企业技术创新奖成为德国电动汽车国家平台精英2010年德国电动汽车公司成为《德国电动汽车国家平台》主力成员，荣获驱动技术企业称号德国电动汽车国家平台简介来源：National Platform E-mobilityAG1Antriebstechnologie 驱动技术工作组AG4Normung, Standardisierung und Zertifizierung 标准和认证工作组AG2Batterietechnologie 电池技术工作组AG5Materialien und Recycling 材料和回收工作组AG3Infrastruktur und Netzintergration基础设施和电网集成工作组AG6 Nachwuchs und Qualifizierung培训和资质工作组AG7Rahmenbedingungen 政策支持工作组吃穿住行中的“行”是人类最基本的4大生活需求之一。
裕士 Lexus RZ 450e 电动车说明书
Introducing the first-ever fully electric Lexus, the RZ450e.1 A bold new expression of innovation, as only Lexus could imagine.S T Y L E S RZ 450e PREMIUM RZ 450e LUXURY 308 total system horsepowerUp to 220-mile driving range 3Mark Levinson ®4 13-speaker, 12-channel, 1,800-watt Premium Surround Sound Available 20-inch, split-10-spoke alloy wheels with Dark Premium Metallic finishD E S I G N The next evolution in Lexus design,the RZ 450e features an aerodynamicspindle body, a driver-focused interiorD E S I G N Learn more at /RZDesignLED Blade Taillamp Heated and ventilated front seats Available radiant front knee heater Available illuminated front badge Available Ultrasuede ®-trimmed seats Available Dynamic Sky ™ panorama glass roof R Z s h o w n i n C l o u d b u r s t G r a y 2R F O R M A N C E An effortless expression of performance and refinement,the RZ 450e features the intelligent DIRECT4 all-wheeldrive system, alongside high-output front and rear eAxles, R Z s h o w n i n C l o u d b u r s t G r a y 2R F O R M A N C E Learn more at /RZPerformanceDedicated EV p latform Up to 220-mile driving range 3(RZ Premium with 18-inch wheels ) 0–60 mph in 5.0 seconds 6 Intuitive cockpit design with dial-type shift knob DIRECT4 all-wheel drive seamlessly shifts power between wheels as needed R Z s h o w n i n C l o u d b u r s t G r a y 2R F O R M A N C E Learn more at /electrified Whether it’s plugging your RZ into any household outlet,7or using one of over 50,000 Level 2 or DC fast chargingpublic charging ports,8,9 charging your Lexus is simple.And with Clean Assist,10 you can automatically offset yourE C H N O L O G Y R Z s h o w n w i t h T h u n d e r s t o r m a n d M a c a d a m i a N u L u x e ® i n t e r i o r t r i mDiscover the difference of intelligent Lexus Interface 11 with a 14-inch touchscreen display. In a space that offers the ability to charge and connect your devices wirelessly.12 This is design thatE C H N O L O G Y Learn more at /RZTechnologyAvailable Head-Up Display P anoramic View Monitor 15 Available Advanced Park 13 Digital Key 14via active Remote Connect 14 trial or subscription Wireless Apple CarPlay ®16 integration Wireless Android Auto ™17compatibilityT E C H N O L O GYAVAILABLEMARK LEVINSON ®4 PREMIUM SURROUND SOUND13 speakers 1,800 watts of amplified power Clari-Fi ®4processing12-channel digital signal processing amplifierS A F E T Y Learn more at /RZSafetyThe class-leading Lexus Safety System+ 3.025,26 adds peace of mind to every drive. When conditions are met, the system is designed to automatically brake for oncoming traffic, slow through corners and more. It’s our most advanced standard safety suite ever.C O N V E N I E N C EDigital Latch with Safe Exit Assist.27 Warns of motorists and cyclists approaching from the rear to help you exit the RZ safely.A vailable Front Cross-Traffic Alert.28 Warns of approaching cross traffic at intersections.Available Digital Rearview Mirror. Designed to provide an unobstructed view of the road behind.A vailable Lane Change Assist.29Helps automatically change lanes when the system detects the lane is clear.R Z s h o w n i n C l o u d b u r s t G r a y 2L E X U S C A R ELexus ownership goes far beyond the vehicle. Every new Lexus includes LexusCare—our standard suite of industry-leading services and benefits, inspired by you. In addition to benefits likecomplimentary maintenance 30 and connectivity trials,11 you’ll enjoy dealership amenities that make you feel like a guest in our home, exclusive event invitations, special offers and more. It’s how Lexus rewards the driver at every touchpoint.Learn more at /LexusCareComplimentary shuttle service 31 Wi-Fi loungeLoaner vehicles 31 Complimentarymaintenance services30Convenient pickup and delivery 31Complimentary car wash31L E X U S C A R EEntertainment exclusives Elite culinary experiencesLearn more at/LexusCareExclusive retailer offersVIP sporting event accessResort credits and moreLEXUSCARERZ 450e PREMIUM AWD /RZ 450e LUXURY AWD308 TOTAL SYSTEM HORSEP OWERDIRECT4A LL-WHEEL DRIVE71.4BATTERY (kWh )5.0ESTIMATED 0–60 MPH (SEC )6MANUFACTURER-ESTIMATED ALL-ELECTRIC DRIVING R ANGES:UP TO220 MILESWITH 18-IN WHEELS 3 UP TO196 MILESWITH 20-IN WHEELS 3Learn more at /RZSpecsR Z s h o w n i n E t h e r 2 w i t h B l a c k O n y x r o o fR Z s h o w n i n I r i d i u m 2FEATURESPremium features include:- P anorama glass roof - SmartAccess card key 32- L exus Memory System for driver’s seat, steering wheel and auto-dimming outside mirrors with auto tilt-down in reverse - H eated steering wheel; heated and ventilated NuLuxe ®-trimmed front seats- L exus Interface 11 with 14-in touchscreen display- D rive Connect 11 with Cloud Navigation, Intelligent Assistant (Hey Lexus ) and Destination Assist trial. Paid subscription required after trial. 4G network dependent. See /interface for details.- S afety Connect,11 Service Connect,11 Remote Connect,11 Wi-Fi Connect 11—with AT&T Wi-Fi hotspot trials andIntegrated Streaming (Apple Music ®33 and Amazon Music 34) compatibility. Paid subscriptions required after trials.4G network dependent. See /interface for details.- L exus app (Remote Connect 11 vehicle start, service scheduling, Vehicle Health Reports/Alerts 11 and more )- Wireless Apple CarPlay ®16 integration - W ireless Android Auto™17 compatibility- S ingle-color ambient lighting with Shadow Illumination - W ireless phone charger 12 and five USB-C charging ports 35- L evel 1 vehicle-charging 7 cable for 120V outlet - L exus Safety System+ 3.026- B lind Spot Monitor 36 with Rear Cross-T raffic Alert 37 and Digital Latch with Safe Exit Assist 27- I ntuitive Parking Assist with Auto Braking 38- P anoramic View Monitor 15- P ower Rear Door with Kick Sensor- C omplimentary scheduled maintenance services.30(Please refer to the Warranty and Services Guide for details.)PREMIUMIncludes Premium features, and adds or replaces:-L ane Change Assist,29 Front Cross-Traffic Alert,28 Traffic Jam Assist 39 (requires Drive Connect 11 subscription, three-year trial included ). 4G network dependent.- A dvanced Park 13- 10-in Head-Up Display- M ark Levinson ®4 13-speaker, 12-channel, 1,800-watt Premium Surround Sound- D igital Key 14 (requires Remote Connect 14 subscription, three-year trial included ). 4G network dependent.- Acoustic front and rear side glass- Multicolor ambient lighting with Shadow Illumination - R adiant front knee heater and heated rear outboard seats - Ultrasuede ®5-trimmed seatsLUXURYView all standard features and configure your RZ at /RZBuild. Availability is limited. See your Lexus dealer for details.PACKAGESOPTIONSTECHNOLOGY PACKAGE (PREMIUM )- A dvanced Park 13- 10-in Head-Up Display- D igital Key 14 (requires Remote Connect 11 subscription, three-year trial included ). 4G network dependent.- D igital Rearview Mirror - Illuminated front badge- Radiant front knee heater (Premium )- D ynamic Sky ™ panorama glass roof (Luxury )- 20-in split-10-spoke alloy wheels with Black and machined finish (Premium )- 20-in split-10-spoke alloy wheels with Dark Premium Metallic finish (Luxury )COLD WEATHER PACKAGE- Headlamp washers - Windshield wiper de-icerR Z s h o w n w i t h T h u n d e r s t o r m a n d M a c a d a m i a N u L u x e ® i n t e r i o r t r i mWHEELS18-inFive-spoke alloy wheels withDark Gray Metallic and machined finish STANDARD RZ Premium20-inSplit-10-spoke alloy wheels with Black and machined finish STANDARD RZ Luxury AVAILABLE RZ Premium20-inSplit-10-spoke alloy wheels with Dark Premium Metallic finish AVAILABLE RZ LuxuryDAPPLE GRAY INTERIOR PALOMINOINTERIORTHUNDERSTORM AND MACADAMIAINTERIORRZ PREMIUMRZ LUXURYRZ PREMIUMRZ LUXURYRZ PREMIUM RZ LUXURYDAPPLE GRAY INTERIOR PALOMINOINTERIORRZ PREMIUMRZ LUXURY RZ PREMIUMRZ LUXURYRZ PREMIUM RZ LUXURY THUNDERSTORM AND MACADAMIA INTERIORDAPPLE GRAY INTERIOR PALOMINOINTERIORRZ PREMIUMRZ LUXURY RZ PREMIUMRZ LUXURYRZ PREMIUM RZ LUXURY THUNDERSTORM AND MACADAMIA INTERIORDAPPLE GRAY INTERIOR PALOMINOINTERIORRZ PREMIUMRZ LUXURY RZ PREMIUMRZ LUXURYRZ PREMIUM RZ LUXURY THUNDERSTORM AND MACADAMIA INTERIORCAVIAR EXTERIORDAPPLE GRAY INTERIOR PALOMINOINTERIORRZ PREMIUMRZ LUXURY RZ PREMIUMRZ LUXURYRZ PREMIUM RZ LUXURY THUNDERSTORM AND MACADAMIA INTERIORDAPPLE GRAY INTERIORPALOMINO INTERIORRZ PREMIUM RZ LUXURYRZ PREMIUM RZ LUXURYRZ PREMIUM RZ LUXURYETHER*EXTERIORTHUNDERSTORM AND MACADAMIA INTERIORDAPPLE GRAY INTERIORPALOMINO INTERIORRZ PREMIUM RZ LUXURYRZ PREMIUM RZ LUXURYRZ PREMIUM RZ LUXURYCLOUDBURST GRAY *EXTERIORTHUNDERSTORM AND MACADAMIA INTERIORACCESSORIES- A ctivity mount - All-weather cargo mat 40- All-weather floor liners 41- Body side moldings - Cargo net 40- Carpet cargo mat with storage 40- Dashcam 42 - Door edge film- Door edge guard by 3M ™- Illuminated cargo sills - Illuminated door sills- H ome Flex EV Charger by ChargePoint ®43 (Level 2)(requires installation by a licensed electrician )Learn more at /Accessories- Mudguards- Paint protection film by 3M ™44- Puddle lamps- Wheel locks (available mid-2023)2. 3.4. 5. 6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.()30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.()40.41.42.43.44.。
EV车辆能量存储系统的现状和未来 Current_Status_and_Future_of_Energy_Storage_System_for_EV
No.5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian district, Beijing, P.R. China Tel: +86-10-68911524 ext 8013
LiCoO2 LiMnO2 LiFePO4 Li3 V2(PO4)3
130-140 100-120 ~140 >174.0
bad
general
3.4
best
best
~4.0
best
best
Safety
bad better better better
price
high low low lowest
2 Definition of Traction Battery
Traction battery is the key component of ESS, and it is a kind of energy storage system to drive motor by means of transforming chemical energy to mechanical energy with start current more than two times of that at normal working condition.
5.1.2 Ni-Cd Battery
The France is the largest consumer of Ni-Cd batteries for EVs. However, the Ni-Cd battery is fading out the market because of its bad environmental performance due to the use of Cd element.
ABB Pantograph Up电动公交车充电解决方案说明书
—Pantograph UpReliable, automatic charging for electric buses at the depot and en route—Pioneering the future of e-mobility Delivering end-to-end electrification solutions for the transport of tomorrow, today.Long standing experienceMore than a decade in launching innovative EV charging technology, complimented by a century of experience in power distribution and energy management.Trusted problem solverFrom highway to home, from EV Fleets to retail, we are the partner of choice for the world's biggest brands of electric vehicle OEMs to nation-wide EV network operators.3—Pantograph UpCharge electric buses with a roof mounted pantographABB offers an ideal solution to charge electric buses that are equipped with a roof mounted pantograph. This allows to charge larger fleets of electric buses overnight in a range of 100-150 kW per vehicle and during the day with 150 kW up to 600 kW for opportunity charging.Main features and key benefits:• V oltage range from 150-850 V • P ower range of 100-150 kW for overnight charging• S equential charging with up to 3 outlets with 100 and 150 kW • P ower range of 150-600 kW for opportunity charging • S afe and reliable fully automated connection • C ompliant with ISO 15118 / DIN 70121 / IEC 61851-23 & -24• O CPP compliant • R emote diagnostics and management toolsHigh reliabilityFlexibilityInteroperabilityProven design based on Panto Down & Terra HP control platform (>3.000 units in operation)Full range of products available with a power rating of 100-600 kW including sequentialcharging and parallel charging.Fully compliant with the international standards &validated with a large number of bus OEMs—Key values4PA NTO G R A PH U P R O O F M O U NTED PA NTO G R A PH—Sequential charging—Delivering more value with end-to-end solutionsABB Service Level Agreement (SLA)ABB offers a modular service solution that can be tailored to your specific needs, from remote proactive monitoring to training programs and tools to support your own service teams. Allow ABB to create a service program that ensures the highest uptime and reliability for your critical EV charging operation.• P reventative maintenance • R emote monitoring and diagnostics • S pare parts programs • O n-site repairs • T raining and certification for 3rd-party service providers • O nline collaborative service tools through ABB Ability Connected Services • O ver-the-air upgrades and servicesEV Site Solution (EVSS)Charging sites with multiple DC chargers will benefit from smart optimization of EV charging performance with ABB's EV Site Solution (EVSS) controllers.• R educe CAPEX costs for grid upgrades by efficiently managing energy use according to existing site capacity. • R educe OPEX by avoiding penalty costs for high energy demand peaks. • P revent power outages as a result of exceeding site's grid connection limitOver-the-air software updates enable new optimization features and services as they are developed, such as energy forecastingInstead of having one charger per vehicle, ABB offers sequential charging for the 100 kW and 150 kW Panto Up chargers. A single power cabinet is paired with up to three Contact Domes. After the first vehicle has finished charging, the next vehicle will start charging automatically. The advantages are:• V ehicles are charged with high power, maximizing vehicle availability • T he required grid connection is smaller, reducing initial investments and operational costs • O ptimal utilization of installed infrastructure, meaning lower investments in charging equipment5—ChargerTechnical specifications-Yes Yes-**-100 kW150 kW300 kW450 kW600 kWConnectivity Internet access via 4G / 3G / Ethernet (RJ45)Communication protocols OCPP 1.5 / 1.6 and OPC-UAHMI7" inch touchscreen inside the cabinet for service purposesConfigurationSoftware update Over-the-air updates via ABB web portal, OCPP 1.6Control and configuration ABB web portal, on-board service portal, OCPP 1.6, OPC-UACertification and standardsCharging system IEC 61851-1 ed 3, IEC 61851-21-2 ed 1, IEC 61851-23 ed 1, IEC 61851-24 ed 1, IEC 62196-2, IEC 62196-3, IEC 61000 Communication to the EV DIN 70121, ISO/IEC 15118 series ed 1Communication to the backend OCPP 1.6 JSONElectro-Magnetic Compatibility Radiated Emissions Class A and Class B.Conducted Emissions Class A and Class B optional with external filterCompliance CE and UL certificationWarranty Base warranty 24 months after Site Acceptance Test or 30 months after factory delivery.Warranty extensions available* Sequential charging only possible with HVC-PU set depot 100-150 kW CE, maximum 3 Contact Domes** Upgrade of the HVC-PU set charge pole 150-450 kW required*** Only for version without trap filter (THD<8%) for versions with trap filter (THD<5% is not allowed)—Charging interfaceYes--YesOptional-350 A1000 A1000 A10m according to standards-6PA NTO G R A PH U P R O O F M O U NTED PA NTO G R A PH—01 —02—01 HVC-300PU with 300 kW power cabinet and slimdesign charge pole —02 HVC-PU setdepot installed79A K K 107991A 4055-R e v B 01.2021© Copyright 2019 ABB. All rights reserved.Specifications subject to change without notice.—For more information please contact: ABB EV Infrastructure Heertjeslaan 6 2629 JG Delft The NetherlandsPhone: +31 70 307 6200E-mail: ****************.com /evcharging。
E-Twow电动滑板车说明书
Portable Electric ScooterElectric two wheelsA new era in urban mobilityThe most economical vehicle in historyUSER MANUALThank you for purchasing our products PLEASE CAREFULLY READ THE USER MANUAL AND WARRANTY BOOK BEFORE USINGWARNINGWhenever you ride the E-Twow electric two wheel scooter you risk serious injury from collisions, falls or loss of control. To ride safely, YOU MUST READ AND FOLLOW ALL INSTRUCTIONS AND WARNINGS IN THIS MANUAL.Check local laws and regulations to see where and how you may use your E-Twow scooter legally. Obey to all applicable laws for vehicles and pedestrians.This manual includes basic operational instructions for the E-Twow scooter. It cannot cover all situations where injury or death may occur. OPERATORS MUST USE GOOD JUDGMENT AND COMMON SENSE TO DETECT AND AVOID HAZARDS AND DANGERS that they may encounter when riding the E-Twow. By using the E-Twow scooter, you accept of the inherent risks of operating this product.FAILURE TO USE COMMON SENSE AND GOOD JUDGMENT AND HEED THESE WARNINGS CAN CAUSE SERIOUS INJURY. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK AND WITH APPROPRIATE AND SERIOUS ATTENTION TO SAFE OPERATION. USE CAUTION AT ALL TIMES.CONTENTSMAIN PARTS 4SAFETY 5PRODUCTS 7 Folding stages 7 Folding steps 8 Unfolding steps 9OPERATION 10 Introduction of Handlebar parts 10 Operation Instruction 10 Display Factory settings 12RIDING OPERATION 13 Ready 13 Start 13 Brake 13 Cruise control 14 Zero start 14BATTERY AND CHARGER 15 Battery 15 Charger 15 Charge Description 15MAINTENANCE 16 Lubricating 16 Battery 16 Placement and daily care 16GENERAL TROUBLESHOOTING 17 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION SHEET 18MAIN PARTS1. Handlebar 6. Folding hook2. UBHI (Display, etc) 7. Battery charging jack3. LED headlight 8. Folding lever4. Hooter 9. Lock bolt5. Lock lever 10. Rear brakeSAFETY1. The product is for adults only (above 18 years), limited for one adult. Pleasedo not carry two adults at the same time. Is not suitable for minors.2. Always inspect the scooter prior to use. Properly inspecting and maintainingyour product can reduce the risk of injury.3. Please wear your safety helmet and other protective equipment whenriding. Use an approved bicycle or skateboard helmet that fits properly with the chin strap in place and protects the back of your head. Local legislations may require riders of two wheels products to wear a helmet and other protective gear. Never ride the scooter barefoot or in open-toed shoes or high-heels.4. Do not ride in traffic lane or unsafe roads and do not break localregulations.5. Please exercise in wide areas, and ride after skilled manipulation, do notride in traffic lane.6. Do not make any dangerous actions when riding or riding with one hand.Keep your feet on the scooter.7. Do not attempt to ride the scooter on stairs that are above 3 cm, it mayoverturn causing injuries and/or damages to the rider and/or scooter.8. Highest speed is 30 Km/h. For your safety, please limit the speed to 20Km/h. Please try to avoid using it at night, if needed, please limit the speed within 15 Km/h or less and turn the headlights on.9. Do not use the scooter when the outside temperature is lower than 0ºC.10. Please slow down or get off from the scooter when riding in poor roadconditions.11. Do not ride the scooter in oily or icy surface terrain.12. Please adjust the handlebar according to your height to ensure a saferiding.13. To avoid damages of the electrical parts of the vehicle please do notimmerse the scooter in the water with the depth of more than 4 cm and do not wash it with water under pressure.14. For protection please do not ride the scooter in bad weather such as heavyrain and high winds.15. Do not drink alcohol and drive E-Twow scooter.PRODUCTSFolding stagesA – unfoldedB - folded handlebarsC - fully foldedFolding steps1. Open the lock lever, in the direction of arrow, as shown in figure (a).2. Press the red button, figure (b), at the same time press down handlebars as shown in figure (c) and push the lock lever to the lock position.3. Hold the handlebar with both hands, push buttons (1) shown in Figure (d). Pull out the handlebar grips (figure d), up to the maximum and fold downwards to maximum like in figure B, from previous page.4.Push the handlebar forward when you press the folding lever in the direction of the arrow in the figure (f).5.Continue folding the scooter until the folding hook reaches the opening located on the rear brake.Unfolding steps1. Press the rear brake in the direction of the arrow in the figure (a) until the folding hook release from the opening located on the rear brake. Then, lift the handlebar until it reaches the working position and the locking bolt comes into place, like in figure (b).2. Raise the two handles of the handlebar until they automatically return to the work position, figure (c).3. Push the lock lever in the direction of the arrow in Figure (d) and lift handlebars to desired height. Now press button shown in Figure (e) and fix it in one of the two holes, as desired.a b cd eOPERATION1. Introduction of Handlebar parts1. Thumb Accelerator2. Thumb Electronic Magnetic Brake3. Switch Button4. Setting Button5. On/Off Light Button6. Horn Button7. Led Headlight8. Handlebar Fold Button9. Display2. Operating Instructionsa. ON/OFFPress the switch for 1 sec, and the display will light indicating the power is on. Press for 3 seconds if you want to turn it off. It will turn off if you don't use it for 3 minutes.b. Speed controlPress the right thumb accelerator to control the speed (1-30km/h).1234975886c. Breaking ControlPress the left thumb and the electronic magnetic brake will operate. The greater pressure you put, the greater breaking force will be.d. Horne. HornTurn on the power, when pressing the horn button it will hoot.f. LED HeadlightIn manual mode: Press the On/Off Light button when needed and there will be a sign in display indicates the light is turn on. Press the button again when you do not need the light.The scooter is equiped with a sensor light that detects the need of light. The light will turn on automaticaly (auto light mode) if the sensor detects poor ambiental light.For example: when is cloudy weather and the auto light mode is on, the light turns on. If the daylight is proper, the auto light mode detects the light and the headlights will go off after 5 seconds.On auto light mode, the display is also lighted depending on the ambiental light. If the scooter is on auto light mode, you can go to manual mode by pushing the On/Off Light Button.g. Mileage ShowWhen power off, it shows time.When the display is powered on, It displays three modes: total, trip and time. You can change it by pressing the settings button. In 'trip'mode, press the setting button (S) for 3 seconds and it will clear the trip.h. EmergencyIn an emergency, it’s recommended to use the foot brake.3. Display Factory SettingTo access the menu P0 and P1 please press at the same time the switch and setting buttons. Pressing the setting button helps you switch between P0 and P1.Both menus have other two submenus : 0 and 1, as follows:P00 (a) - displays the speed in km/h and temperature in Celsius degreesP01 (b) – displays the speed in mile/h and the temperature in Farenheit degrees P10 (c) – lights are set on manual modeP11(d) – lights are set on auto modeYou can switch between menus 0 and 1 in P0 or P1 by pressing the on/off button.When you press the setting button (S) at last and the settings will be finished.a) b)c) d)RIDING OPERATIONReady1. Choose a suitable venue for riding.2. Expand the scooter in accordance with the description.3. Adjust the T-pipe to the suitable height according to your height.Start1. Press the power button to turn on the power.2. Stand one foot on the scooter and leave another foot on the ground.3. Gently press down on the right thumb accelerator, the scooter will immediately move forward slowly. Place the foot which is on the ground on the scooter. With big finger of your right hand press the right thumb accelerator, the greater pressure you put, the faster it will go.Brake1. Under normal circumstances, pressing the left thumb electronic magnetic brake, the scooter will be immediately de-energized and then it will brake. The greater pressure you put, the greater breaking force will be.2. E-Twow also has a rear foot brake that triggers the motor brake immediately in addition to a friction brake on the back wheel. So whatever the situation is, if the first system is deactivated you can still use the foot10 – Light sensor11 – Speed 12 – Battery 13 – Temperature14 – Displays the total and trip distance 15 - From left to right: total, tripbrake.The electronic brake activates kinetic energy recovery system.Cruise controlYou can set up the speed as you want during the driving, and the scooter will start moving on the same speed afterwards. Press the acceleration right thumb and keep the same speed for 5 seconds and the cruise control will automatically enter. You can switch the function off easily as well.Zero startThis function is for safety . When you want to ride the scooter, you should use your foot to slide it for a little distance, then press the right thumb accelerator, the scooter will go ahead. When you don't use the scooter, if you press the right thumb accelerator by mistake, the scooter can't go ahead.BATTERY AND CHARGEREach E-Twow electric scooter is equipped with a special lithium polymer battery and special smart charger. These accessories that come with each scooter have a dedicated number, please do not use the chargers from other brands. If the battery or charger will be damaged owing to these, our company will not be responsible.BatteryWhen you get the E-Twow electric scooter for the first time, please charge the battery fully before using.The battery can be charged at any time, in order to ensure that the battery has power, during which the battery will not charge for any damage.Warning: do not use batteries from other brands, it will not work with E-Twow scooter.Please charge the battery once every three months if stop using the scooter. Water immersion, collisions, and other abnormal factors will lead to battery damage, which is not covered under warranty.ChargerThe company provides dedicated charger which has a charging protection function, when the battery is 100% charged, the charger will automatically stop charging. Charging time is no more than 3 hours.Water immersion, collisions, and other abnormal factors will lead to charger damage, which is not covered under warranty.Charge DescriptionOpen the charging hole rubber protective cover, put the charger connector into the charging hole.Connect the charger plug into the power socket.It means it is charging when charger light is red, charger light turns green when the battery is fully charged.MAINTENANCELubricatingPlease add a small amount of grease or lubricants to handle folded position every six months.Please check scooter every three months if the screws are loose it up.BatteryThe lithium polymer batteries provided by our company can be recharged at least 500 times, the normal use can reach more than 1,000 times.Placement and daily careDo not expose the scooter under the sun or wet places for too long time. Please keep the scooter clean and dry.For cleaning use a damp cloth and a mild detergent.GENERAL TROUBLESHOOTINGChecklistWhen the products have any problems, please refer to the following methods.1. LED display black screenReason: Exposure under the sun for too long.Solution: Place it in shadow and it will return to normal after a period.2. Values from the display do not fit the actual values. Reason:Parameters are set incorrectly or missing.Solution: Please reset the display to the factory settings.3. No information on digital displayReason: Bad battery contacts or the battery is dead.Solution: Turn off the power then restart again, if the problem still occurs, please contact your local reseller.In case that the product still does not operate normally, please contact your local vendor or reseller.PRODUCT SPECIFICATION SHEET。
电动汽车的英文作文
电动汽车的英文作文Title: The Future of Transportation: Electric Vehicles。
In recent years, there has been a significant shift in the automotive industry towards electric vehicles (EVs). This transition marks a pivotal moment in the history of transportation, promising a more sustainable and environmentally-friendly future. In this essay, we will delve into the various aspects of electric vehicles and explore their significance in shaping the way we travel.Firstly, let us examine the environmental impact of electric vehicles compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions, meaning they do not emit harmful pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter. This is particularly crucial in combating air pollution and mitigating climate change, as transportation is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions globally. By transitioning toelectric vehicles, we can significantly reduce our carbon footprint and move towards a cleaner, greener future.Moreover, electric vehicles offer numerous benefits beyond environmental sustainability. One of the key advantages is the potential for cost savings in the long run. While the upfront cost of purchasing an EV may be higher than that of a traditional vehicle, the lower operating and maintenance costs make it a more economical choice over time. With fewer moving parts and no need for frequent oil changes or tune-ups, EV owners can save significantly on maintenance expenses. Additionally, the cost of electricity is generally lower than that of gasoline, further contributing to savings in fuel expenses.Furthermore, the advancement of technology has led to significant improvements in the performance and range of electric vehicles. Modern EVs are capable of traveling hundreds of miles on a single charge, making them suitable for both short commutes and long-distance journeys. Additionally, electric vehicles offer smooth and silent operation, providing a comfortable driving experience forusers. With advancements in battery technology and charging infrastructure, range anxiety – the fear of running out of battery power – is gradually becoming less of a concern, further bolstering the appeal of electric vehicles to consumers.Another crucial aspect of electric vehicles is their role in reducing dependence on fossil fuels and promoting energy independence. By shifting towards electric transportation, countries can decrease their reliance on imported oil and diversify their energy sources. This not only enhances energy security but also stimulates innovation and investment in renewable energy technologies. The integration of electric vehicles with renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power presents a compelling opportunity to create a more sustainable and resilient energy system.In addition to environmental and economic benefits, electric vehicles also contribute to the advancement of smart and connected transportation systems. With the proliferation of electric cars, there is an increasingemphasis on developing intelligent infrastructure and innovative mobility solutions. This includes the deployment of charging stations, development of smart grid technologies, and implementation of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems, which enable EVs to store and discharge energy to the grid as needed. These advancements pave the way for a more integrated and efficient transportation network, facilitating seamless connectivity between vehicles, infrastructure, and users.Despite the many advantages of electric vehicles, several challenges remain to be addressed to accelerate their widespread adoption. These include the need for further investment in charging infrastructure, development of more affordable battery technologies, and expansion of renewable energy generation capacity. Additionally, there is a need for supportive policies and incentives to incentivize consumers and manufacturers to transition to electric vehicles. Governments, industry stakeholders, and research institutions must collaborate to overcome these barriers and realize the full potential of electric transportation.In conclusion, electric vehicles represent a transformative solution to the environmental, economic, and energy challenges facing the transportation sector. With their zero-emission technology, cost-saving potential, and performance improvements, EVs offer a compellingalternative to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. By embracing electric transportation andinvesting in sustainable mobility solutions, we can pave the way for a cleaner, greener, and more resilient future.。
Aptiv 电动汽车连接系统选择器指南说明书
1551345110779703138941903328035533340539 333405403351174733511802HYBRID AND ELECTRIC VEHICLE CONNECTION SYSTEM SELECTOR GUIDEA world of transportationAptiv has been a trusted automotive supplier for decades, introducing practical innovations in the areas of safety, efficiency, and connectivity. The transportation market has been advancing in these same areas and Aptiv can offer product solutions upgraded to its tougher operational and environmental requirements.Commercial and recreation vehicles, such as trucks, buses, construction, agriculture equipment andmotorcycles, are often exposed to higher levels of environmental forces, including vibration, duct, water,debris, and temperatures. To protect the integrity of the electrical system, high performance connection systems are often required.About AptivAptiv is a global technology company that develops safer, greener and more connected solutions, which enable thefuture of mobility . Headquartered in Dublin, Aptiv has 147,000 employees and operates 14 technical centers, as well asmanufacturing sites and customer support centers in 45 countries.Image Source : PSAVisit To deliver superior performance, a number of complex factors in the electrical system must be addressed in the component design, including sealing, locking features, andmaterials.Did you Know?Hybrid and electric vehicles are creating a host ofchallenges, including the demand for a new generation of high performance, high power connectors and charging solutions. Many additional power electronics devices are added to the vehicle architecture including lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, inverters and DC (Direct Current) converters. Their impact on connector design results in handling operation voltages that range from 400V up to 1000 V and carrying currents as high as 250A.Aptiv is ready when and where you need usSaltillo, MexicoAPTIV’S MAJOR HV DESIGN CENTERS & MANUFACTURING SITES Design center Manufacturing siteÉpernon, FranceAnting, China Anting, ChinaÉpernon, FranceDriven by rising fuel costs, environmental concerns and acombination of government regulations and incentives, the market for EVs (Electric Vehicles) and HEVs (Hybrid Electric Vehicles) is now becoming a reality. Vehicle specifications and infrastructure deployment have reached a certain level of industrialization. Standards have already been established for vehicle charging interfaces used on plug-in HEVs and EVs.There are three standards used throughout the world including SAE J1772 in North America and Japan, IEC62196 Type II in Europe and GB/T 20234 in China. In addition, SAE has established a common footprint for DC (Direct Current) fast charging in North America and Europe. Aptiv offers a complete line of all global charging standards.Why is vehicle electrification now a reality?ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNSGOVERNMENT REGULATIONS AND INCENTIVESRISINGFUELCOSTSAptiv is currently driving the innovations required for future multi-voltage architectures. Our research and development teams have leveraged the lessons learned from the collaboration with OEM’s to focus on technological excellence and to provide real-life electrification performance.With a unique expertise in architecture optimization and systemsintegration, the company has created one of the most comprehensive portfolios of the high power connection systems.Superior Sealing PerformancesAll of our connection systems feature external IP67 sealing performance. To ensure optimum sealing performance, our connectors are designed for the harshest conditions due to a back sealing feature.Superior Shielding PerformanceEV and HEV electrical and electronic systems generate unwantedelectromagnetic interference (EMI) which radiate from the interconnecting cables. The connection systems are designed by minimizing the paths along which these signals can escape. Our connectors and cablingdesigns provide high levels of shielding effectiveness to ensure EMI free performance of the complete system.Superior Safety PerformancesOur connectors provide finger-proof, touch safe and 2-step disconnection technologies to guarantee optimum safety during all handling operations. They continue to meet with changing requirement of the OEM’s in regard to HVIL on a vehicle system and connection system level. Additionally , the company’s ErgoMate™ axial mating system helps achieve a lower profile solution while reducing mating forces. Once connected, a CPA (Connector Position Assurance) device must be activated to ensure a 100% safe matingHigh Voltage Auxiliary ModulesHigh Voltage connection systems designed specifically for the voltageand current needs of auxiliary modules, such as A/C compressor,heater, coolant control module, on board-board charger, DCconverter, and battery accessory output.Page 9Page 23High Voltage Power ConversionHigh Voltage connection systems designed specifically for thevoltage and current needs up to 250A. Power conversion modulesconsist of inverters, drive motors/generators, and High Current/High Voltage battery outputs.Page 35High Power 12, 24, 48 Volt SolutionsGrowing requirements and a quickly increasing market for48 Volt applications drive our technology for innovative solutions.Two key characteristics define these solutions: High currentcarrying capabilities and high sealing protection.Page 43Charging SolutionsUnique technologies to help facilitate a global charginginfrastructure, from Aptiv’s Portable Electric Vehicle Charger andCharge Coupler pigtails for integration into Electric Vehicle SupplyEquipment (EVSE). With Aptiv products, hybrid and electric vehiclescan be powered safely and efficiently at home or away.A comprehensiveproduct portfolioOn-vehicle charging inletsGrid-to-vehicle chargingCharging infrastructure-to-vehicleHV battery, E-motor, Inverter, junction box,power electric boxE-Heater, DC Converter, Charger, AirConditioning, Coolant Heater Control48V Inverter, 48V Battery, Power Distributionboxes, E-charger (e-booster), 12 V battery, DC/DC converter, 12V Electrical Distribution CenterProductApplicationsPerformance key &Aptivdesign indicators keySelector GuideAuxiliary Modules SolutionsConnector Level 1 / Level 2 6 way Device Connection SystemConnector Level 1 / Level 2 6 way Inline Connection SystemShield-Pack™ HV280 AK CLASS 1 female connectorAUXILLARY MODULESAPEX ®HV2802 way Connection System with HVILDimensionsShown in millimetersAPPLICATION• High voltage peripheral equipment connection system:Air conditioning, PTC, ChargerDESCRIPTION• Bundle shielding with external braid•Dual sealing connection system: mated & unmated header • Panel mount to device with face seal • Unique integrated electric interlock • HVIL shunted in harness connector• Two-stage disconnect for safe unmating• ErgoMate™ Axial Mating Assist System on harness connector • Two HV power circuits (2.8 mm terminal)• Cable range: 2.5 to 4 mm² power circuit; 0.5 to 0.75 mm²• HVIL circuit• Two keys/indexes• Electrical protection: Finger-proof IP2XBAUXILLARY MODULESShield-Pack™ HV2802 Piece Header with Pluggable Inner ConnectorDimensionsShown in millimetersAPPLICATION• Ideal for auxiliary devices/high voltage connection systemDESCRIPTION• Inner Connector with TPA can be plugged into headerduring device assembly• Sealed connection system• Panel mount to device with face seal• Internal HVIL (shunt in harness connector)• Two options available : Two-stage locking system for HVIL time delay - Tool-less mating system • Two HV power circuits (2.8 mm terminal)• Finger proof/touch safe• Cable range: 2 mm² to 5 mm² power circuit; 0.5 mm² HVIL circuit• Electrical protection: Finger-proof IP2XBAUXILLARY MODULESAPEX ®950 On-Board Charger Connector4 + 1 Way Connection System with HVILDimensionsShown in millimetersAPPLICATION• High voltage unshielded system, especially on-boardcharger applicationsDESCRIPTION•Sealed in mated or unmated position • Unshielded 4 + 1 way connector• Panel mount to device with face seal to module • Unique integrated electric interlock • HVIL shunted in harness connector• ErgoMate™ slider for easy handling and reduced matingforce• 5 HV power circuits (four 9.5 mm and one 2.8 mm terminals)• Cable range: 10 to 16 mm² power circuit; 0.5 to 0.75 mm² electric interlock • 1 key/index• Electrical protection: Finger-proof IP2XBSelector Guide Power Conversion SolutionsPOWER CONVERSION SOLUTIONSHV890 AK Class 42 Way Connection System with HVILDimensionsShown in millimetersAPPLICATION• High voltage/high current modules: inverter, battery,junction box, power electric boxDESCRIPTION• Number of ways: 2• Number of indexes: 4• Terminal Size/Style: Ø8mm Pin & Sleeve • Wire range: 25mm² to 50mm²• Fully interchangeable with other AK products • Vibration severity 3 LV215• Temperature severity 4 LV215• Electrical Protection: Finger-proof IP2XBPOWER CONVERSION SOLUTIONSRCS800 High Voltage2 Way Connection System with HVILDimensionsShown in millimetersAPPLICATION• High voltage/high current modules: inverter, battery,junction box, power electric boxDESCRIPTION• Bundle shielding with external braid• Dual sealing connection system: mated and unmated header • Panel mount to device with face seal to module• Unique integrated electric interlock • HVIL shunted in harness connector• Two-stage disconnect for safe unmating• ErgoMate™ Axial Mating Assist System on harnessconnector• Two HV power circuits (8.0 mm round terminal)• Cable range: 35 to 50 mm² power circuit; 0.5 to 0.75 mm²• Sealing protection: IP67, IPX9K• Electrical protection: Finger-proof IP2XBPOWER CONVERSION SOLUTIONSRCS890 High Voltage2 Way Right Angle Connection System with HVILDimensionsShown in millimetersAPPLICATION• High voltage/high current modules: inverter, battery,junction box, power electric boxDESCRIPTION• Bundle shielding with external braid• Dual sealing connection system: mated and unmated header •Panel mount to device with face seal to module • HVIL shunted in harness connector• Two-stage disconnect for safe unmating• Slider Mating Assist System on harness connector • Two HV power circuits (8.0 mm round terminal)• Flange size: 51 mm x 62 mm• Cable range: 35 to 50 mm² power circuit; 0.5 to 0.75 mm²HVIL• Sealing protection: IP67, IPX9K• Electrical protection: Finger-proof IP2XBPOWER CONVERSION SOLUTIONSAK Plastic pass-through1, 2 & 3 way Panel Mount SystemDimensionsShown in millimetersAPPLICATION• High voltage/high current modules: inverter, battery,junction box, power electric boxDESCRIPTION• Possible configurations: 1, 2 or 3 ways • Main Housing Material: Plastic • Terminal Size/Style: Ring-Tongue • Wire range: 16mm² to 50mm²• Shielding principle: 360° Individually ShieldedPOWER CONVERSION SOLUTIONSMetal pass-through1 way Panel Mount SystemDimensionsShown in millimetersAPPLICATION• High voltage/high current modules: inverter, battery,junction box, power electric boxDESCRIPTION• High voltage panel mount system • One way sealed and shielded • Ring terminal bolted to device • Cable range: 25 to 50 mm²• Six to eight keys/indexes depending on wire sections • Very compact dimensions• Robust deign for harsh environmentSelector Guide12, 24 and 48 Volt Solutions12, 24 AND 48 VOLT SOLUTIONSPower Pack 10001 Way Inline ConnectorsDimensionsShown in millimetersAPPLICATION•High current wiring harness inlineDESCRIPTION•Sealed connection system•Silver-plated Power Pack1000 multi-contactterminal system•Cable range: 8 mm² to 25 mm²•One key/index•Capable of additional indexes12, 24 AND 48 VOLT SOLUTIONSPower Pack 10002 Way Device ConnectorsDimensionsShown in millimetersAPPLICATION•High current device applications and sealedpass-through panel mount systemDESCRIPTION•Sealed connection system•Sealed panel mount pre-stages prior to fasteningthrough self tapping screws•Silver-plated Power Pack 1000 multi-contact terminal system•Cable range: 8 mm² to 25 mm²12, 24 AND 48 VOLT SOLUTIONSPower Pack 10002 Way Inline ConnectorsDimensionsShown in millimetersAPPLICATION•High current wiring harness inlineDESCRIPTION•Sealed connection system•Silver-plated Power Pack 1000 multi-contact terminal system•Cable range: 8 mm² to 25 mm²•One key/indexSelector Guide Charging SolutionsCHARGING SOLUTIONSCharge InletSAE J1772 Type 1 Vehicle Charging InletDimensionsShown in millimetersAPPLICATION • Plug-in hybrid and electric vehiclecharge inletDESCRIPTION• Interface complies with SAE J1772and IEC62196 Type I standard • Panel mounts to vehicle• Protective grommet/wire dress mounts to inletPERFORMANCE• Supports: AC Level 1 (15A, 120V)and AC Level 2 (32A, 240V)• Voltage: 600V maximum rating• Temperature range: -40°C to +85°C • Validation: UL recognized• Electrical protection: Finger-proof IP2XB •Design life: 10,000 mating cyclesCHARGING SOLUTIONSCharge InletType II Vehicle Charging InletDimensionsShown in millimetersAPPLICATION• Plug-in hybrid and electricvehicle charge inletDESCRIPTION• Interface complies with IEC62196 Type IIstandard• Panel mounts to vehicle• Integrated thermal circuit breaker to prevent abnormal temperature increase • Cover provides dust protection• Inlet designed to drain fluids when opened • Lock actuator positioned on the top • Available with cover opening right or leftPERFORMANCE• Supports single-phase or three-phasepower supply• Supports: From 16A, 230V to 63A, 400V • Temperature range: -40°C to +50°C• Electrical protection: Finger-proof IP2XB • Sealing protection: IP44 (connector/inlet mated)• Wiring crimps sealed from environment •Design life: 10,000+ mating cyclesCHARGING SOLUTIONSCombo 1AC/DC Vehicle Charging InletDimensionsShown in millimetersAPPLICATION• Charging interface for slow AC (Type 1) and fast DC charging applicationsDESCRIPTION• Interface complies with SAE J1772 and IEC62196• Combined charging system for electrical vehicle • AC/DC: slow + fast charge (600V, 125A)• Actuator pin for locking connector to inlet duringcharging• Optional thermistor for additional thermal protection during DC charging• Wire Cross Section: Contact Pin/Present Pin (0.5 mm²), PE (16mm², L1/N (6.0 mm²), DC +/-(40 mm²)PERFORMANCE• Temperature range: -40°C to +80°C • Voltage: 600V• Max. current capacity: 32A AC/ 125A DC • Sealing protection: IP55 with cover, IP44when mated• Connector/Inlet mating and unmating force <100N•Design life: 10,000+ mating cyclesCHARGING SOLUTIONSCombo 2AC/DC Vehicle Charging InletDimensionsShown in millimetersAPPLICATION• Charging interface or slow AC (Type 11) and fast DC charging applicationsDESCRIPTION• Interface complies with SAE J1772 and IEC62196• Combined charging system for electrical vehicle • AC/DC: slow + fast charge (600V, 125A)• Actuator pin for locking connector to inletduring charging• Optional thermistor for additional thermal protection during DC charging• Wire Cross Section: Contact Pin/Present Pin (0.5 mm²), PE (16mm², L1/N (6.0 mm²), DC +/-(40 mm²)PERFORMANCE• Temperature range: -40°C to +80°C • Voltage: 600V• Max. current capacity: 32A AC/ 125A DC • Sealing protection: IP55 with cover, IP44when mated• Connector/Inlet mating and unmating force <100N•Design life: 10,000+ mating cyclesCHARGING SOLUTIONSCharge ConnectorsPigtailsAPPLICATION • Grid-to-vehicle charging• Charging infrastructure-to-vehicleDESCRIPTION• SAE J1772/IEC62196 Type I, IEC62196Type II, and GB/T 20234 standards• Wiring crimps sealed from environment• Rubber over-mold and plastic grip options vailablePERFORMANCE• Current capacity: 18A to 40A • Voltage range: 120V to 480V• Temperature range: -40°C to +50°C •Validation: See part number informationSAE J1772/IEC62196 Type I – Plastic HandleIEC62196 Type II – Plastic HandleSAE J1772/IEC62196 Type I – Rubber Over MoldIEC62196 Type II – Rubber Over MoldCHARGING SOLUTIONSCharge ConnectorsMode 3 JumpersAPPLICATION • Cable assemblies for plugging from chargingstation to vehicleDESCRIPTION • Vehicle to charging station connection• Vehicle connector according to IEC62196-2-1and IEC62196-2-2• Wiring crimps sealed from environment • CE markingAVAILABLE OPTIONS• 20 to 32A• 1-phase 240V or 3-phase 400V chargingfor Type II• Superior durability: 14,000 cycles (10,000 cycles is required from IEC standard)• Low mating / unmating forces: Initial < 40N, Mating forces < 80N guaranteed until14,000 cyclesSAE J1772/IEC62196 Type I – Plastic HandleSAE J1772/IEC62196 Type I – Plastic HandleSAE J1772/IEC62196 Type I – Plastic HandleCharge plug mode 2 assembly(with ICCB) Generation IIAPPLICATION• Portable Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE)for grid-to-vehicle chargingDESCRIPTION• Vehicle interface according to IEC62196-2-2• EVSE provides restart in the event of power grid fault • Product according to the new IEC62752 standardincluding Type B RCD and residential DC current detection • CE Marking• Control box has higher water sealing protection than the standard: IP67• Dual-thermo sensors in the grid plug provide superior overheating protectionAVAILABLE OPTIONS• 240V with 6 to 15A (depending on country regulations)• Grid cord as required by country of use•Additional country configurations also availablemore1551345110779703138941903328035533340539 333405403351174733511802。